In this paper we explore the formation of bars and present the bulge and bar properties and their correlations for a sample of lenticular barred(SB0)and lenticular unbarred(S0)galaxies in the central region of the Com...In this paper we explore the formation of bars and present the bulge and bar properties and their correlations for a sample of lenticular barred(SB0)and lenticular unbarred(S0)galaxies in the central region of the Coma Cluster using HST/ACS data.In our sample,we identified bar features using the luminosity profile decomposition software GALFIT.We classified the bulges based on Sérsic index and Kormendy relation.We found that the average mass of the bulge in SB0 galaxies is 1.48×10^(10)M☉whereas the average mass of the bulge in S0 galaxies is 4.3×10^(10)M☉.We observe that SB0 galaxies show lower bulge concentration,low mass and also smaller B/T values compared to S0 galaxies.Using the Kormendy relation,we found that among the lenticular barred galaxies,82%have classical bulges and 18%have pseudo bulges.These classical bulges have low masses compared to the classical bulges of unbarred galaxies.S0,galaxies with massive classical bulges do not host bars.We also found that for all SB0s the bulge effective radius is less than the bar effective radius.SB0 galaxies with classical bulges suggest that the bar may have formed by mergers.展开更多
西方的科学研究成果大多来源于英语的语言文化环境,把西方的科学研究成果介绍到中国,必须重视英语的语言文化环境和汉语的语言文化环境的不同,这样才能使国人准确、方便地应用西方的科学研究成果,西学东渐。格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow co...西方的科学研究成果大多来源于英语的语言文化环境,把西方的科学研究成果介绍到中国,必须重视英语的语言文化环境和汉语的语言文化环境的不同,这样才能使国人准确、方便地应用西方的科学研究成果,西学东渐。格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow coma scale)被翻译、介绍到国内已有数十年,但汉语版的"Glasgow coma scale"多种多样,容易造成初学者和使用者的迷惑。本文复习有关"Glasgow coma scale"的原始英式英文文献、美式英语英文文献和以往的几个主要的汉语翻译版。结合英式英语、美式英语和汉语的语言文化特点,新译了"Glasgow coma scale",以方便医护人员使用。展开更多
BACKGROUND:The timing and selection of patients for liver transplantation in acute liver failure are great challenges.This study aimed to investigate the effect of Glasgow coma scale(GCS)and APACHE-II scores on liver ...BACKGROUND:The timing and selection of patients for liver transplantation in acute liver failure are great challenges.This study aimed to investigate the effect of Glasgow coma scale(GCS)and APACHE-II scores on liver transplantation outcomes in patients with acute liver failure.METHOD:A total of 25 patients with acute liver failure were retrospectively analyzed according to age,etiology,time to transplantation,coma scores,complications and mortality.RESULTS:Eighteen patients received transplants from live donors and 7 had cadaveric whole liver transplants.The mean duration of follow-up after liver transplantation was 39.86±40.23 months.Seven patients died within the perioperative period and the 1-,3-,5-year survival rates of the patients were72%,72%and 60%,respectively.The parameters evaluated for the perioperative deaths versus alive were as follows:the mean age of the patients was 33.71 vs 28 years,MELD score was 40 vs32.66,GCS was 5.57 vs 10.16,APACHE-II score was 23 vs 18.11,serum sodium level was 138.57 vs 138.44 mmol/L,mean waiting time before the operation was 12 vs 5.16 days.Low GCS,high APACHE-II score and longer waiting time before the operation(P<0.01)were found as statistically significant factors for perioperative mortality.CONCLUSION:Lower GCS and higher APACHE-II scores are related to poor outcomes in patients with acute liver failure after liver transplantation.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The bispectral(BIS) index is a processed electroencephalogram(EEG) parameter with extensive validation and demonstrated clinical utility. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between the BIS inde...BACKGROUND: The bispectral(BIS) index is a processed electroencephalogram(EEG) parameter with extensive validation and demonstrated clinical utility. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between the BIS index and the prognosis of patients with coma in the ICU.METHODS: A total of 208 patients with coma in the ICU were enrolled in this study. According to the BIS value, the patients were divided into four groups: group I, BIS value 0 to 20; group II, BIS value 21 to 40; group III, BIS value 41 to 60; and group IV, BIS value greater than 60. The difference in BIS values with the differences in prognosis of patients with coma was compared between the four groups, and the prognosis of patients with coma was stratified into consciousness, coma, vegetative state, and brain death. Subsequently, the best cut-off score of BIS values calculated for determining the correlation between BIS value and mental state was proposed.RESULTS: There are no significant differences in the age and APACHE II scores between the four groups(P>0.05). An inverse correlation was observed between BIS value and mental state(r= –0.749, P=0.00). According to the ROC curve, as BIS value was greater than 42.5, there were higher sensitivity and specificity in conscious-coma patients.CONCLUSION: BIS value is correlated with the prognosis of patients with coma in ICU, and BIS value can be a useful marker for estimating the prognosis of comatose patients.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the serum levels of endozepine-4,their relation with ammonia serum levels,the grading of coma and the severity of cirrhosis,in patients with hepatic coma. METHODS:In this study we included 20 subjects ...AIM:To evaluate the serum levels of endozepine-4,their relation with ammonia serum levels,the grading of coma and the severity of cirrhosis,in patients with hepatic coma. METHODS:In this study we included 20 subjects with Hepatic coma,20 subjects with minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE) and 20 subjects control. All subjects underwent blood analysis,Child Pugh and Model for End- stage liver disease(MELD) assessment,endozepine-4 analysis. RESULTS:Subjects with hepatic coma showed significant difference in endozepine-4(P < 0.001) and NH3 levels(P < 0.001) compared both to MHE and controls patients. Between NH3 and endozepine-4 we observed a significant correlation(P = 0.009; Pearson correlation 0.570). There was a significant correlation between endozepine-4 and MELD(P = 0.017; Pearsoncorrelation = 0.529). In our study blood ammonia concentration was noted to be raised in patients with hepatic coma,with the highest ammonia levels being found in those who were comatose. We also found a high correlation between endozepine-4 and ammonia(P < 0.001). In patients with grade Ⅳ hepatic coma,endozepine levels were significantly higher compared to other groups. CONCLUSION:This study suggests that an increased level of endozepine in subjects with higher levels of MELD was observed. In conclusion,data concerning involvement of the GABA-ergic system in HE coma could be explained by stage-specific alterations.展开更多
BACKGROUND:To assess the association between relevant brain computed tomography(CT)parameters at different time and neurological prognosis in adult comatose survivors after cardiac arrest(CA).METHODS:A total of 94 CA ...BACKGROUND:To assess the association between relevant brain computed tomography(CT)parameters at different time and neurological prognosis in adult comatose survivors after cardiac arrest(CA).METHODS:A total of 94 CA patients who underwent early and late CT scans(within 24 h and 24 h to 7 d respectively after CA)between January 2018 and April 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study.According to the Cerebral Performance Category(CPC)score at hospital discharge,the patients were divided into either a good outcome(CPC 1-2)group or a poor-outcome group(CPC 3-5).The grey-to-white matter ratio(GWR)and the proportion of cerebrospinal fluid volume(pCSFV)were measured.In predicting poor outcomes,the prognostic performance of relevant CT parameters was evaluated,and the comparison analysis(expressed as the ratio of parameters in late CT to those in the early CT)of diff erent CT time was conducted.RESULTS:Totally 26 patients were in the good-outcome group,while 68 patients were in the poor-outcome group.The putamen density,GWR,and pCSFV in late CT were significantly lower in the poor-outcome group(P<0.05).The ratios of GWR and pCSFV in the poor-outcome group were signifi cantly decreased according to comparison analysis of diff erent CT time(P<0.05),while there was no signifi cant diff erence in the ratio of putamen density.GWR-basal ganglia<1.18 in late CT showed the best predictive value.The ratio of pCSFV<0.98 predicted unfavorable neurological outcomes with a sensitivity of 65.9%and a specifi city of 93.8%(P=0.001).CONCLUSIONS:Brain CT performed>24 h after CA may be a good choice as a neuroimaging approach to evaluating prognosis.To predict neurological prognosis,comparison analysis of diff erent CT time can be used as another promising tool in comatose CA survivors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)measurement is one of the non-invasive methods recommended for increased intracranial pressure(ICP)monitoring.AIM This study aimed to evaluate the roles of optic nerve sheat...BACKGROUND Optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)measurement is one of the non-invasive methods recommended for increased intracranial pressure(ICP)monitoring.AIM This study aimed to evaluate the roles of optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)and ONSD/eyeball transverse diameter(ETD)ratio in predicting prognosis of death in comatose patients with acute stroke during their hospitalization.METHODS A total of 67 comatose patients with acute stroke were retrospectively recruited.The ONSD and ETD were measured by cranial computed tomography(CT)scan.All patients underwent cranial CT scan within 24 h after coma onset.Patients were divided into death group and survival group according to their survival status at discharge.The differences of the ONSD and ONSD/ETD ratio between the two groups and their prognostic values were compared.RESULTS The ONSD and ONSD/ETD ratio were 6.07±0.72 mm and 0.27±0.03 in the comatose patients,respectively.The ONSD was significantly greater in the death group than that in the survival group(6.32±0.67 mm vs 5.65±0.62 mm,t=4.078,P<0.0001).The ONSD/ETD ratio was significantly higher in the death group than that in the survival group(0.28±0.03 vs 0.25±0.02,t=4.625,P<0.0001).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.760(95%CI:0.637-0.882,P<0.0001)for the ONSD and 0.808(95%CI:0.696-0.920,P<0.0001)for the ONSD/ETD ratio.CONCLUSION The mortality increased in comatose patients with acute stroke when the ONSD was>5.7 mm or the ONSD/ETD ratio was>0.25.Both indexes could be used as prognostic tools for comatose patients with acute stroke.The ONSD/ETD ratio was more stable than the ONSD alone,which would be preferred in clinical practice.展开更多
In the cruise, MR15-04 by R/V MIRAI, the samplings by the neuston net were performed in 23rd November to 14th December 2016 and three species of Halobates (H. germanus, H. micans, H. sp) were used for the temperature ...In the cruise, MR15-04 by R/V MIRAI, the samplings by the neuston net were performed in 23rd November to 14th December 2016 and three species of Halobates (H. germanus, H. micans, H. sp) were used for the temperature tolerance experiments after the collection. The neuston net was towed three times (3 × 15 min) on the starboard side of R/V MIRAI on the water surface with ship speed of 2 knot to water every 3 nights (19:00 - 20:00) at the fixed point in the south-western direction which was located at 50 km from the Sumatra island (4o03'S - 4o05'S, 101o53'E) in the Indonesia. Experiments on cool coma and heat coma were performed on the three species. Seconds for recovery from cool coma and heat coma were also examined on the Halobates in this study. Cool coma temperatures, gap temperature needed (temperature from the adapted temperature) for the cool coma and seconds for the recover from cool coma ranged 13.0oC to 25.0oC, 3.1oC to 16.1oC, 1 second to 4370 seconds, respectively. Heat coma temperature, gap temperature needed for the heat coma, seconds for the recover from heat coma ranged 29.4oC to 43.1oC, 1.9oC to 15.5oC, 2 seconds to 6420 seconds, respectively. The higher temperature of cool coma temperature during the last five days was shown when Madden-Julian Oscillation has passed over the ship, R/V MIRAI than the previous 10 days in the adults of H. germanus collected at the fixed place neat to Sumatra island (One way ANOVA: F-value = 2.314, df = 7, p = 0.028). Adults of un-described species, H. sp collected near to the Sumatra island, showed lower cool coma temperature [Mean ± SD: 15.51 ± 3.76 (9)] than those of H. germanus collected in the same place [16.96 ± 2.57 (191)]. This lower cool coma temperatures shown by this un-described species might be related to that this species should be a “shore” species inhabiting shore water in which many precipitation could cause the decreased surface temperature from 30oC - 31oC into about 25oC. Most of adults which suffered from the cool coma recovered within 20 seconds, whereas adults which suffered heat coma at 38oC and 39oC needed more than 200 seconds for the recovery and many of those which did it at more than 40oC needed more than 1000 second and some ones did not recover at all. All adults who suffered at more than 43oC did not recover at all. There were significant and negative correlation between cool and heat coma temperatures shown by the adults of H. germanus. This correlation might imply a common physiological mechanism for lower and higher temperature tolerances for this species.展开更多
文摘In this paper we explore the formation of bars and present the bulge and bar properties and their correlations for a sample of lenticular barred(SB0)and lenticular unbarred(S0)galaxies in the central region of the Coma Cluster using HST/ACS data.In our sample,we identified bar features using the luminosity profile decomposition software GALFIT.We classified the bulges based on Sérsic index and Kormendy relation.We found that the average mass of the bulge in SB0 galaxies is 1.48×10^(10)M☉whereas the average mass of the bulge in S0 galaxies is 4.3×10^(10)M☉.We observe that SB0 galaxies show lower bulge concentration,low mass and also smaller B/T values compared to S0 galaxies.Using the Kormendy relation,we found that among the lenticular barred galaxies,82%have classical bulges and 18%have pseudo bulges.These classical bulges have low masses compared to the classical bulges of unbarred galaxies.S0,galaxies with massive classical bulges do not host bars.We also found that for all SB0s the bulge effective radius is less than the bar effective radius.SB0 galaxies with classical bulges suggest that the bar may have formed by mergers.
文摘西方的科学研究成果大多来源于英语的语言文化环境,把西方的科学研究成果介绍到中国,必须重视英语的语言文化环境和汉语的语言文化环境的不同,这样才能使国人准确、方便地应用西方的科学研究成果,西学东渐。格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow coma scale)被翻译、介绍到国内已有数十年,但汉语版的"Glasgow coma scale"多种多样,容易造成初学者和使用者的迷惑。本文复习有关"Glasgow coma scale"的原始英式英文文献、美式英语英文文献和以往的几个主要的汉语翻译版。结合英式英语、美式英语和汉语的语言文化特点,新译了"Glasgow coma scale",以方便医护人员使用。
文摘BACKGROUND:The timing and selection of patients for liver transplantation in acute liver failure are great challenges.This study aimed to investigate the effect of Glasgow coma scale(GCS)and APACHE-II scores on liver transplantation outcomes in patients with acute liver failure.METHOD:A total of 25 patients with acute liver failure were retrospectively analyzed according to age,etiology,time to transplantation,coma scores,complications and mortality.RESULTS:Eighteen patients received transplants from live donors and 7 had cadaveric whole liver transplants.The mean duration of follow-up after liver transplantation was 39.86±40.23 months.Seven patients died within the perioperative period and the 1-,3-,5-year survival rates of the patients were72%,72%and 60%,respectively.The parameters evaluated for the perioperative deaths versus alive were as follows:the mean age of the patients was 33.71 vs 28 years,MELD score was 40 vs32.66,GCS was 5.57 vs 10.16,APACHE-II score was 23 vs 18.11,serum sodium level was 138.57 vs 138.44 mmol/L,mean waiting time before the operation was 12 vs 5.16 days.Low GCS,high APACHE-II score and longer waiting time before the operation(P<0.01)were found as statistically significant factors for perioperative mortality.CONCLUSION:Lower GCS and higher APACHE-II scores are related to poor outcomes in patients with acute liver failure after liver transplantation.
文摘BACKGROUND: The bispectral(BIS) index is a processed electroencephalogram(EEG) parameter with extensive validation and demonstrated clinical utility. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between the BIS index and the prognosis of patients with coma in the ICU.METHODS: A total of 208 patients with coma in the ICU were enrolled in this study. According to the BIS value, the patients were divided into four groups: group I, BIS value 0 to 20; group II, BIS value 21 to 40; group III, BIS value 41 to 60; and group IV, BIS value greater than 60. The difference in BIS values with the differences in prognosis of patients with coma was compared between the four groups, and the prognosis of patients with coma was stratified into consciousness, coma, vegetative state, and brain death. Subsequently, the best cut-off score of BIS values calculated for determining the correlation between BIS value and mental state was proposed.RESULTS: There are no significant differences in the age and APACHE II scores between the four groups(P>0.05). An inverse correlation was observed between BIS value and mental state(r= –0.749, P=0.00). According to the ROC curve, as BIS value was greater than 42.5, there were higher sensitivity and specificity in conscious-coma patients.CONCLUSION: BIS value is correlated with the prognosis of patients with coma in ICU, and BIS value can be a useful marker for estimating the prognosis of comatose patients.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the serum levels of endozepine-4,their relation with ammonia serum levels,the grading of coma and the severity of cirrhosis,in patients with hepatic coma. METHODS:In this study we included 20 subjects with Hepatic coma,20 subjects with minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE) and 20 subjects control. All subjects underwent blood analysis,Child Pugh and Model for End- stage liver disease(MELD) assessment,endozepine-4 analysis. RESULTS:Subjects with hepatic coma showed significant difference in endozepine-4(P < 0.001) and NH3 levels(P < 0.001) compared both to MHE and controls patients. Between NH3 and endozepine-4 we observed a significant correlation(P = 0.009; Pearson correlation 0.570). There was a significant correlation between endozepine-4 and MELD(P = 0.017; Pearsoncorrelation = 0.529). In our study blood ammonia concentration was noted to be raised in patients with hepatic coma,with the highest ammonia levels being found in those who were comatose. We also found a high correlation between endozepine-4 and ammonia(P < 0.001). In patients with grade Ⅳ hepatic coma,endozepine levels were significantly higher compared to other groups. CONCLUSION:This study suggests that an increased level of endozepine in subjects with higher levels of MELD was observed. In conclusion,data concerning involvement of the GABA-ergic system in HE coma could be explained by stage-specific alterations.
基金This study was supported by Ruiyi Special Fund for Emergency Medicine Research(R2019019)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX20_0481).Ethical approval:。
文摘BACKGROUND:To assess the association between relevant brain computed tomography(CT)parameters at different time and neurological prognosis in adult comatose survivors after cardiac arrest(CA).METHODS:A total of 94 CA patients who underwent early and late CT scans(within 24 h and 24 h to 7 d respectively after CA)between January 2018 and April 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study.According to the Cerebral Performance Category(CPC)score at hospital discharge,the patients were divided into either a good outcome(CPC 1-2)group or a poor-outcome group(CPC 3-5).The grey-to-white matter ratio(GWR)and the proportion of cerebrospinal fluid volume(pCSFV)were measured.In predicting poor outcomes,the prognostic performance of relevant CT parameters was evaluated,and the comparison analysis(expressed as the ratio of parameters in late CT to those in the early CT)of diff erent CT time was conducted.RESULTS:Totally 26 patients were in the good-outcome group,while 68 patients were in the poor-outcome group.The putamen density,GWR,and pCSFV in late CT were significantly lower in the poor-outcome group(P<0.05).The ratios of GWR and pCSFV in the poor-outcome group were signifi cantly decreased according to comparison analysis of diff erent CT time(P<0.05),while there was no signifi cant diff erence in the ratio of putamen density.GWR-basal ganglia<1.18 in late CT showed the best predictive value.The ratio of pCSFV<0.98 predicted unfavorable neurological outcomes with a sensitivity of 65.9%and a specifi city of 93.8%(P=0.001).CONCLUSIONS:Brain CT performed>24 h after CA may be a good choice as a neuroimaging approach to evaluating prognosis.To predict neurological prognosis,comparison analysis of diff erent CT time can be used as another promising tool in comatose CA survivors.
文摘BACKGROUND Optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)measurement is one of the non-invasive methods recommended for increased intracranial pressure(ICP)monitoring.AIM This study aimed to evaluate the roles of optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)and ONSD/eyeball transverse diameter(ETD)ratio in predicting prognosis of death in comatose patients with acute stroke during their hospitalization.METHODS A total of 67 comatose patients with acute stroke were retrospectively recruited.The ONSD and ETD were measured by cranial computed tomography(CT)scan.All patients underwent cranial CT scan within 24 h after coma onset.Patients were divided into death group and survival group according to their survival status at discharge.The differences of the ONSD and ONSD/ETD ratio between the two groups and their prognostic values were compared.RESULTS The ONSD and ONSD/ETD ratio were 6.07±0.72 mm and 0.27±0.03 in the comatose patients,respectively.The ONSD was significantly greater in the death group than that in the survival group(6.32±0.67 mm vs 5.65±0.62 mm,t=4.078,P<0.0001).The ONSD/ETD ratio was significantly higher in the death group than that in the survival group(0.28±0.03 vs 0.25±0.02,t=4.625,P<0.0001).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.760(95%CI:0.637-0.882,P<0.0001)for the ONSD and 0.808(95%CI:0.696-0.920,P<0.0001)for the ONSD/ETD ratio.CONCLUSION The mortality increased in comatose patients with acute stroke when the ONSD was>5.7 mm or the ONSD/ETD ratio was>0.25.Both indexes could be used as prognostic tools for comatose patients with acute stroke.The ONSD/ETD ratio was more stable than the ONSD alone,which would be preferred in clinical practice.
文摘In the cruise, MR15-04 by R/V MIRAI, the samplings by the neuston net were performed in 23rd November to 14th December 2016 and three species of Halobates (H. germanus, H. micans, H. sp) were used for the temperature tolerance experiments after the collection. The neuston net was towed three times (3 × 15 min) on the starboard side of R/V MIRAI on the water surface with ship speed of 2 knot to water every 3 nights (19:00 - 20:00) at the fixed point in the south-western direction which was located at 50 km from the Sumatra island (4o03'S - 4o05'S, 101o53'E) in the Indonesia. Experiments on cool coma and heat coma were performed on the three species. Seconds for recovery from cool coma and heat coma were also examined on the Halobates in this study. Cool coma temperatures, gap temperature needed (temperature from the adapted temperature) for the cool coma and seconds for the recover from cool coma ranged 13.0oC to 25.0oC, 3.1oC to 16.1oC, 1 second to 4370 seconds, respectively. Heat coma temperature, gap temperature needed for the heat coma, seconds for the recover from heat coma ranged 29.4oC to 43.1oC, 1.9oC to 15.5oC, 2 seconds to 6420 seconds, respectively. The higher temperature of cool coma temperature during the last five days was shown when Madden-Julian Oscillation has passed over the ship, R/V MIRAI than the previous 10 days in the adults of H. germanus collected at the fixed place neat to Sumatra island (One way ANOVA: F-value = 2.314, df = 7, p = 0.028). Adults of un-described species, H. sp collected near to the Sumatra island, showed lower cool coma temperature [Mean ± SD: 15.51 ± 3.76 (9)] than those of H. germanus collected in the same place [16.96 ± 2.57 (191)]. This lower cool coma temperatures shown by this un-described species might be related to that this species should be a “shore” species inhabiting shore water in which many precipitation could cause the decreased surface temperature from 30oC - 31oC into about 25oC. Most of adults which suffered from the cool coma recovered within 20 seconds, whereas adults which suffered heat coma at 38oC and 39oC needed more than 200 seconds for the recovery and many of those which did it at more than 40oC needed more than 1000 second and some ones did not recover at all. All adults who suffered at more than 43oC did not recover at all. There were significant and negative correlation between cool and heat coma temperatures shown by the adults of H. germanus. This correlation might imply a common physiological mechanism for lower and higher temperature tolerances for this species.
