Regarding the lane keeping system,path tracking accuracy and lateral stability at high speeds need to be taken into account especially for commercial vehicles due to the characteristics of larger mass,longer wheelbase...Regarding the lane keeping system,path tracking accuracy and lateral stability at high speeds need to be taken into account especially for commercial vehicles due to the characteristics of larger mass,longer wheelbase and higher mass center.To improve the performance mentioned above comprehensively,the control strategy based on improved artificial potential field(APF)algorithm is proposed.In the paper,time to lane crossing(TLC)is introduced into the potential field function to enhance the accuracy of path tracking,meanwhile the vehicle dynamics parameters including yaw rate and lateral acceleration are chosen as the repulsive force field source.The lane keeping controller based on improved APF algorithm is designed and the stability of the control system is proved based on Lyapunov theory.In addition,adaptive inertial weight particle swarm optimization algorithm(AIWPSO)is applied to optimize the gain of each potential field function.The co-simulation results indicate that the comprehensive evaluation index respecting lane tracking accuracy and lateral stability is reduced remarkably.Finally,the proposed control strategy is verified by the HiL test.It provides a beneficial reference for dynamics control of commercial vehicles and enriches the theoretical development and practical application of artificial potential field method in the field of intelligent driving.展开更多
Perfume commercial,as a form of cultural text and practice,is relatively special in contemporary commercial advertising:The commodity qualities of perfume dictate that perfume advertisements must cater to the sexual f...Perfume commercial,as a form of cultural text and practice,is relatively special in contemporary commercial advertising:The commodity qualities of perfume dictate that perfume advertisements must cater to the sexual fantasies of the audience,and therefore inevitably characterize the mainstream,dominant gender norms.At the same time,perfume commercial,as a unique marketing communication method,also unconsciously influences people’s values through sensory stimulation and emotional rendering.This article explores the connection between perfume and its commercials,sex,and gender,and discusses the generation of meaning in perfume commercials as texts and deconstructs the gender myth implied from the perspectives of representation and myth analysis,ultimately revealing that behind the gender myth of perfume commercials is but a false manifestation of the ideal self-image of the western white bourgeois heterosexuality.展开更多
The current study extends the previous literature by exploring the effects of a newly discovered driver,i.e.,import taxes(as a proxy for commercial policies),on the consumption-based carbon emissions(CCO2e)for 1990Q1-...The current study extends the previous literature by exploring the effects of a newly discovered driver,i.e.,import taxes(as a proxy for commercial policies),on the consumption-based carbon emissions(CCO2e)for 1990Q1-2017Q4.For empirical analysis,several tests and methods,including Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test,Zivot–Andrews unit root test,asymmetric cointegration bound testing approach,non-linear ARDL,Wald-test,Granger causality test and wavelet quantile correlation(WQC)method are utilized.Furthermore,NARDL technique estimates reveal that contractionary commercial policy enhances the environmental quality by disrupting the detrimental effects of CCO2e.However,expansionary commercial policy escalates the environmental pollution by boosting the carbon emissions.Also,the exports and the renewable energy improve the ecological quality;however,GDP deteriorates the atmospheric quality by increasing the CCO2e.Besides,WQC method and the trivariate Granger causality test are deployed to confirm the robustness of the results.Based on the findings,some crucial policies are also recommended for sustainable and green development in Pakistan.展开更多
Anatase TiO_(2) is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries,yet the low electronic and ionic conductivities are the main obstacles for its practical application.Even though the amorphization of TiO_(2) upon...Anatase TiO_(2) is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries,yet the low electronic and ionic conductivities are the main obstacles for its practical application.Even though the amorphization of TiO_(2) upon sodiation has already been observed,its underneath mechanisms are not fully elucidated.Herein,a low-cost nitrogen-containing carbon source of polyacrylonitrile is adopted to modify commercial anatase TiO_(2) by a convenient and nontoxic ball-milling technique combined with subsequent annealing treatment.In particular,the employment of a nitrogen-doping approach accompanied by nitrogendoped carbon coating,results in a greatly improved conductivity,overall leading to a high reversible capacity of about 260 m A h g^(-1)at 25 m A g^(-1),superior rate capabilities,and an ultra-stable capacity of about 186 m A h g^(-1)after 1600 cycles at 500 m A g^(-1).Detailed characterizations denote that the improved conductivity as well as the small size of the synthesized TiO_(2) grains play a key role in the TiO_(2) amorphization upon sodiation,with the TiO_(2)/C nanocomposite undergoing a complete amorphization in just few cycles.Finally,the irreversible amorphization of TiO_(2) is confirmed to be a crucial ingredient facilitating the Na+diffusion kinetics and pseudocapacitive behavior,thus boosting the sodium storage performance.展开更多
The extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm and acceleration sensor measurements were used to identify vehiclemass and road gradient in the work. Four different states of fixed mass, variable mass, fixed slope and vari...The extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm and acceleration sensor measurements were used to identify vehiclemass and road gradient in the work. Four different states of fixed mass, variable mass, fixed slope and variableslope were set to simulate real-time working conditions, respectively. A comprehensive electric commercial vehicleshifting strategy was formulated according to the identification results. The co-simulation results showed that,compared with the recursive least square (RLS) algorithm, the proposed algorithm could identify the real-timevehicle mass and road gradient quickly and accurately. The comprehensive shifting strategy formulated had thefollowing advantages, e.g., avoiding frequent shifting of vehicles up the hill, making full use ofmotor braking downthe hill, and improving the overall performance of vehicles.展开更多
The reduction of fuel consumption in engines is always considered of vital importance.Along these lines,in this work,this goal was attained by optimizing the heavy-duty commercial vehicle engine control strategy.More ...The reduction of fuel consumption in engines is always considered of vital importance.Along these lines,in this work,this goal was attained by optimizing the heavy-duty commercial vehicle engine control strategy.More specifically,at first,a general first principles model for heavy-duty commercial vehicles and a transient fuel consumptionmodel for heavy-duty commercial vehicles were developed and the parameters were adjusted to fit the empirical data.The accuracy of the proposed modelwas demonstrated fromthe stage and the final results.Next,the control optimization problem resulting in low fuel consumption in heavy commercial vehicles was described,with minimal fuel usage as the optimization goal and throttle opening as the control variable.Then,a time-continuous engine management approach was assessed.Next,the factors that influence low fuel consumption in heavy-duty commercial vehicles were systematically examined.To reduce the computing complexity,the control strategies related to the time constraints of the engine were parametrized using three different methods.The most effective solution was obtained by applying a global optimization strategy because the constrained optimization problem was nonlinear.Finally,the effectiveness of the low-fuel consumption engine control strategy was demonstrated by comparing the simulated and field test results.展开更多
In this study,we develop and empirically test a valuation model for a commonly encountered option in office leases:a tenant’s option to renew at future market rent(a fair market value)with lease termination as the ma...In this study,we develop and empirically test a valuation model for a commonly encountered option in office leases:a tenant’s option to renew at future market rent(a fair market value)with lease termination as the maturity date.The model integrates decision analysis with real options analysis and market risk with private risks.“Option value”is defined as the private value of the option to either party pre-contract,while“option price”assumes a fair agreement between transacting parties and can be positive(rental premium paid)or negative(rental discount offered).Without manifest expectations,an analysis of a sample of office leases supports the model’s logic with price estimates in a practical range.The tenants’option price/value is shown to have a negative relationship with the original/renewal lease term;conversely,the landlords’option value is positively related to the original/renewal term.Comparative analyses show that transaction costs have a positive effect on tenants’option value and on prices,while vacancy costs and the vacancy period are both positively related to the landlords’option value and negatively related to price.Market rent is found to have a negative relationship with option price.Overall,this study provides a theoretical analysis and empirical tests of the value of a real option that allows option holders to renew/extend their contracts at a fair market value.展开更多
A homogenous microstructure of ultrafine-grained (UFG) commercially pure (CP) Ti characterized by equiaxed grains/subgrains with an average grain size of about 150 nm and strong prismatic fiber texture were obtained a...A homogenous microstructure of ultrafine-grained (UFG) commercially pure (CP) Ti characterized by equiaxed grains/subgrains with an average grain size of about 150 nm and strong prismatic fiber texture were obtained after 4 passes of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP).Tension–compression asymmetry in yield and work hardening behavior of UFG CP Ti were investigated by uniaxial tension and compression tests.The experimental results reveal that UFG CP Ti exhibits a relatively obvious tensioncompression asymmetry in yielding and work hardening behavior.The basal and prismaticslip are suppressed either for tension or compression,which is the easiest to activate.The tension twin system{1012}<1011> easily activated in compression deformation due to the prismatic fiber texture based on the Schmidt factor,consequently resulting in a lower yield strength under compression than tension.ECAP can improve the tension-compression asymmetry of CP Ti due to grain refinement.The interaction among the dislocations,grain boundaries and deformation twins are the main work hardening mechanisms for compression deformation,while the interaction between the dislocations and grain boundaries for tension deformation.Deformation twins lead to the higher work hardening under compression than tension.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to select vegetable soybean varieties(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)that are suitable for local cultivation and meet export requirements.[Methods]Through continuous years of comparative exp...[Objectives]This study was conducted to select vegetable soybean varieties(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)that are suitable for local cultivation and meet export requirements.[Methods]Through continuous years of comparative experiments on broccoli and vegetable soybean varieties,detailed biological characteristic and economic quality data of multiple varieties were obtained.[Results]Vegetable soybean variety Taiwan 75-3 had very prominent early-maturing trait,the highest quality(qualification rate),and higher yield than the control check(CK);and the early-maturing trait of vegetable soybean variety Kaohsiung 9 was also prominent,and its yield was higher than that of the CK.They could be promoted as the main vegetable soybean varieties for spring open field cultivation in this region.Among the tested broccoli varieties,Lake had a higher yield,and was relatively tolerant to cold.It had an early harvest period,and was planted as an early autumn variety in this region.Naihan Youxiu showed the highest yield,good quality,cold resistance,and strong adaptability,making it suitable for planting as a late autumn variety in this region.[Conclusions]This study provides technical guidance for the cultivation of local broccoli and vegetable soybean.展开更多
The development of a multi-pillar pension insurance system is an effective solution for an aging society.Commercial pension insurance,as the third pillar of pension insurance,is an integral part of this system in Chin...The development of a multi-pillar pension insurance system is an effective solution for an aging society.Commercial pension insurance,as the third pillar of pension insurance,is an integral part of this system in China and can play a critical and complementary role in rural areas where support for the elderly is a more pressing concern and a second pillar of pension insurance remains absent.To this end,we first elaborate on the theoretical logic that commercial pension insurance can develop into one of the pillars of rural pension insurance.We then empirically test rural residents’willingness to participate in a commercial pension insurance plan(CPIP)in a probit model with household research data from rural areas in major labor-exporting provinces,such as Sichuan and Henan so as to explore whether commercial pension insurance has the potential to become one of the pillars of rural pension insurance.Our research findings can be synthesized in three points.First,rural residents out of agricultural production for five consecutive years are more willing to participate in a CPIP than other rural residents,indicating that progress in industrialization and urbanization can significantly boost such willingness.Second,the younger rural residents are more inclined to participate in a CPIP than the older generation.Third,income increases can significantly boost rural residents’willingness to participate in a CPIP.Thus,with progress in industrialization and urbanization and an increase in rural disposable income,commercial pension insurance has a promising potential in rural areas and can hopefully develop into one of the pillars of rural pension insurance.展开更多
Falls are a major cause of disability and even death in the elderly,and fall detection can effectively reduce the damage.Compared with cameras and wearable sensors,Wi-Fi devices can protect user privacy and are inexpe...Falls are a major cause of disability and even death in the elderly,and fall detection can effectively reduce the damage.Compared with cameras and wearable sensors,Wi-Fi devices can protect user privacy and are inexpensive and easy to deploy.Wi-Fi devices sense user activity by analyzing the channel state information(CSI)of the received signal,which makes fall detection possible.We propose a fall detection system based on commercial Wi-Fi devices which achieves good performance.In the feature extraction stage,we select the discrete wavelet transform(DWT)spectrum as the feature for activity classification,which can balance the temporal and spatial resolution.In the feature classification stage,we design a deep learning model based on convolutional neural networks,which has better performance compared with other traditional machine learning models.Experimental results show our work achieves a false alarm rate of 4.8%and a missed alarm rate of 1.9%.展开更多
Livestock plays a vital role in the livelihood of many people in Ethiopia. However, a number of challenges hindered the development of the dairy sector along with its commercialization. Advancing commercialization of ...Livestock plays a vital role in the livelihood of many people in Ethiopia. However, a number of challenges hindered the development of the dairy sector along with its commercialization. Advancing commercialization of the rural generations was a foundation of the advancement and poverty reduction policies of Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data from 385 randomly selected households in Eastern Ethiopia were used in this study to assess the commercialization of cow milk producers. Descriptive statistics and the two limit Tobit econometric models were used to analyze the data. The average commercialization index was 0.434, indicating that each household sold 43.4 percent of the milk produced during the survey period. Ownership of improved breed cow, cooperative participation, access to market information, and quantity of milk produce influenced milk commercialization positively, but household size and distance to the nearest market influenced it negatively. The study suggests strengthening policies to improve rural family planning, strengthening farmer cooperatives to reinforce knowledge sharing among farmers for enhancing farmer resource endowment, and promoting improved breed varieties. The commercialization of milk producers will also expand as a result of policies that try to lower the transaction costs of accessing markets, improve the capacity of rural institutions, and encourage value addition and market links among various market players.展开更多
From the perspective of the business ecosystem,this paper analyzes the competitive advantage and platform strategy of Da-Jiang Innovations Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.(DJI),a Chinese commercial drone manufacturer t...From the perspective of the business ecosystem,this paper analyzes the competitive advantage and platform strategy of Da-Jiang Innovations Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.(DJI),a Chinese commercial drone manufacturer that is currently leading the global commercial drone industry.DJI was established in 2006 and developed the industry’s first core components such as drone control system.DJI released its“Phantom”in the United States in 2013 and occupied the global commercial drone market accounting for 70%in a short period of time.Its market share has maintained its superiority till present.During the inflection transition from the formation of a new ecosystem to expansion,DJI has defended and strengthened its core technology through a strong containment strategic action of competing with GoPro;therefore,DJI has obtained its hub position of multiple markets with bargaining power.In addition,DJI has entered the surrounding markets of corporate market from the general consumer market,and instilled its own product standards&design standards(reference design).Furthermore,it has stimulated and revitalized coexisting companies,individual&corporate customers for expanding the ecosystem of drone industry.展开更多
Large commercial complexes are large in scale, complex in function, and located in densely populated areas that are prone to casualties due to unfavorable evacuation. To comprehend the safety evacuation of large comme...Large commercial complexes are large in scale, complex in function, and located in densely populated areas that are prone to casualties due to unfavorable evacuation. To comprehend the safety evacuation of large commercial complex buildings in China, investigate the safety evacuation problems encountered during the evacuation process and the evacuation optimization design strategy, the paper uses Pathfinder to build a simulation model based on literature research and study to simulate the evacuation of personnel in a large commercial complex in Dalian and explore its problems during the evacuation process. The results show that the type of personnel has an effect on the large commercial complex’s evacuation simulation results;the total number of evacuees is non-linearly correlated with the time change curve;some staircases take a long time to evacuate and have a low utilization rate. To improve evacuation efficiency, optimization suggestions for safety exits, evacuation stairs, and evacuation channels are made based on the results.展开更多
Internet finance has structural impact and market impact on commercial banking.Various forms of Internet finance such as third-party payment,crowdfunding,P2P lending,and internet money funds have emerged.Due to their ...Internet finance has structural impact and market impact on commercial banking.Various forms of Internet finance such as third-party payment,crowdfunding,P2P lending,and internet money funds have emerged.Due to their low cost,high efficiency,and diversification characteristics,an increasing number of people are utilizing Internet finance for their businesses.This trend significantly affects traditional commercial banking operations and presents challenges.In order to gain competitive advantages through Internet finance,this paper explores how commercial banks can leverage their traditional business models.It introduces the concept,model,and characteristics of Internet finance;analyzes the importance of asset management for commercial banks;examines the influence of Internet on commercial bank’s asset management;finally proposes countermeasures for the development of Internet finance.It is advocated that commercial banks should actively explore the road of“structured finance”with all-round structural reform in the future.展开更多
Rooftop greening not only has ecological benefits such as energy savings, water conservation and air quality improvement but also has aesthetic and social benefits, especially for the rooftops of commercial complexes,...Rooftop greening not only has ecological benefits such as energy savings, water conservation and air quality improvement but also has aesthetic and social benefits, especially for the rooftops of commercial complexes, which should meet people’s demand for beauty while satisfying sustainable urban development. In this paper, 80 samples of ten commercial rooftops in five old urban areas of Chengdu, China, were selected as the research objects, and the beauty values of different roof types and different plant community types were quantified by the aesthetic evaluation method, and the factors influencing the beauty values were investigated. The results showed that the highest average SBE value was for plant ornamental roofs (0.635), followed by recreational roofs (0.080), and the lowest average SBE value was for sports and fitness (-0.555);Mixed needle-broad communities had the greatest average SBE value (0.330), followed by mixed bamboo-broad communities (0.094), while pure bamboo forests had the lowest average SBE value (-0.716). The rooftop plant community’s aesthetic value was highly significant and correlated positively with the type of roof, the community’s growth type, its vertical structure, and the number of plants in the community.展开更多
The 84 km Panama Canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans has historically been a strategic waterway for shipping and the location of United States (US) military bases. Since the construction of Lake Gatun res...The 84 km Panama Canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans has historically been a strategic waterway for shipping and the location of United States (US) military bases. Since the construction of Lake Gatun reservoir, canal locks and navigation channel through the Isthmus of Panama tropical forests in the 1910s, chemicals, pesticides, and herbicides have been essential for controlling upland and wetland vegetation as well as managing mosquito-borne diseases. Chemicals and pesticides flowed into Lake Gatun via land surface runoff and subsurface drainage either attached to the sediment or in solution during the rainy season. Lake Gatun and the Panama Canal was the drinking water source for most of the civilian and military population living in the Panama Canal Zone. Between 1948 and 1999, US military base commanders had the ability to order, from the Federal Supply Catalog, commercially available herbicide 2,4,5-T with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD for use on the military base grounds in the Panama Canal Zone. The herbicide 2,4,5-T was transported to Panama Canal Zone ports, including the ports Cristobal on the Caribbean and Balboa on the Pacific, and distributed to the US military bases in Panama by rail or truck. The US National Toxicology Program and the International Agency for the Research on Cancer listed dioxin and TCDD as known human carcinogens. Dioxins are endocrine disrupters and can cause certain chloracne, cancers, developmental and reproductive effects. In 1985, the United States government banned the manufacture of the herbicide 2,4,5-T, with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD, after it was shown to cause cancer in animals. The objectives of this study are to determine: 1) the fate of dioxin TCDD, a contaminant in the herbicide 2,4,5-T, sprayed on the US military base vegetation in the Panama Canal Zone from 1948 to 1999, 2) the transport of dioxin TCDD rich sediment via soil erosion and overland flow into Lake Gatun and Panama Canal waterways and 3) the human health impacts of dioxin TCDD, a known carcinogen, on US military and Panamanian civilians exposed to dioxin TCDD in the Panama Canal Zone.展开更多
The book chapter is an extended version of the research paper entitled “Use of Component Integration Services in Multidatabase Systems”, which is presented and published by the 13<sup>th</sup> ISITA, the...The book chapter is an extended version of the research paper entitled “Use of Component Integration Services in Multidatabase Systems”, which is presented and published by the 13<sup>th</sup> ISITA, the National Conference of Recent Trends in Mathematical and Computer Sciences, T.M.B. University, Bhagalpur, India, January 3-4, 2015. Information is widely distributed across many remote, distributed, and autonomous databases (local component databases) in heterogeneous formats. The integration of heterogeneous remote databases is a difficult task, and it has already been addressed by several projects to certain extents. In this chapter, we have discussed how to integrate heterogeneous distributed local relational databases because of their simplicity, excellent security, performance, power, flexibility, data independence, support for new hardware technologies, and spread across the globe. We have also discussed how to constitute a global conceptual schema in the multidatabase system using Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise’s Component Integration Services (CIS) and OmniConnect. This is feasible for higher education institutions and commercial industries as well. Considering the higher educational institutions, the CIS will improve IT integration for educational institutions with their subsidiaries or with other institutions within the country and abroad in terms of educational management, teaching, learning, and research, including promoting international students’ academic integration, collaboration, and governance. This will prove an innovative strategy to support the modernization and large expansion of academic institutions. This will be considered IT-institutional alignment within a higher education context. This will also support achieving one of the sustainable development goals set by the United Nations: “Goal 4: ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning”. However, the process of IT integration into higher educational institutions must be thoroughly evaluated, identifying the vital data access points. In this chapter, Section 1 provides an introduction, including the evolution of various database systems, data models, and the emergence of multidatabase systems and their importance. Section 2 discusses component integration services (CIS), OmniConnect and considering heterogeneous relational distributed local databases from the perspective of academics, Section 3 discusses the Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE), Section 4 discusses the role of component integration services and OmniConnect of Sybase ASE under the Multidatabase System, Section 5 shows the database architectural framework, Section 6 provides an implementation overview of the global conceptual schema in the multidatabase system, Section 7 discusses query processing in the CIS, and finally, Section 8 concludes the chapter. The chapter will help our students a lot, as we have discussed well the evolution of databases and data models and the emergence of multidatabases. Since some additional useful information is cited, the source of information for each citation is properly mentioned in the references column.展开更多
The study investigated mobile banking and commercial banks’performance nexus in Zimbabwe for the period 2011-2021.The investigation employed a pragmatic approach and a descriptive design.Primary data as well as secon...The study investigated mobile banking and commercial banks’performance nexus in Zimbabwe for the period 2011-2021.The investigation employed a pragmatic approach and a descriptive design.Primary data as well as secondary data were used to achieve the study objectives.Questionnaires,interviews and documentary guides were used to collect primary and secondary data respectively.There were 108 questionnaires distributed to staff members and customers of 6 sampled commercial banks in Zimbabwe having mobile banking experience.The interview guide was administered to bank managers to get a deeper understanding of the topic under research and as a mitigation strategy for addressing the flaws of the questionnaires.Analysis of quantitative data utilised descriptive analysis tools,correlations analysis tools as well as regression analysis tools whereas theme analysis was used for qualitative data.SPSS version 26 was used for this purpose.The study implications established that mobile banking and commercial banks’performance nexus in Zimbabwe was significant and also enhanced mobile banking security capabilities and strengthened commercial banks’performance.The investigation concluded that mobile banking’s success in enhancing commercial banks’performance hinged on its ability to allow the user to get easier,cheaper and timely access to services.However,the study results showed that the cost of mobile banking services,government policies and intense competition inhibited the uptake of banking services.Commercial banks are recommended to continue strengthening the security of mobile banking services and to boost their uptake by bank customers in Zimbabwe.展开更多
Urban shrinkage is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon in China.The research focus has been the identification,origin,and pattern of shrinking cities.Nevertheless,attention has also been paid to the problems as...Urban shrinkage is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon in China.The research focus has been the identification,origin,and pattern of shrinking cities.Nevertheless,attention has also been paid to the problems associated with urban shrinkage.The present study examines one typical shrinking city in China,specifically the Yichun District in Yichun City.To explore the matching relationship between residential and commercial spaces,this study analyzes supply and demand data,electricity consumption data and multi-source points of interest(POI)of residents.The results showed that the occupancy rate is not reduced in the context of urban shrinkage,and that the supply level of various commercial facilities is not in decline.Apart from leisure and entertainment facilities,the supply levels of catering,shopping and supporting facilities for life were noted to have improved.In reference to urban shrinkage,the matching relationship between residential and commercial space in the 5-min,10-min,and 15-min living circles mainly shifted to a highlevel equilibrium.The matching relationships between residential space and different types of commercial spaces change in both direction and magnitude.From the perspective of supply and demand,the spatial and temporal changes in the relationship relate to multiple factors,such as the level of economic development,the buiding age pattern,public transportation accessibility,aging,and residents’willingness to move.This study provides relevant data for managing urban shrinkage.It also helps improve the relationships between residential and commercial spaces and works to optimize the layout and structure of functional urban spaces.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51605199,U20A20333,52225212)Six Talent Peak Funding Projects in Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.2019-GDZB-084)Key Science and Technology Support Program in Taizhou City of China(Grant No.TG202307).
文摘Regarding the lane keeping system,path tracking accuracy and lateral stability at high speeds need to be taken into account especially for commercial vehicles due to the characteristics of larger mass,longer wheelbase and higher mass center.To improve the performance mentioned above comprehensively,the control strategy based on improved artificial potential field(APF)algorithm is proposed.In the paper,time to lane crossing(TLC)is introduced into the potential field function to enhance the accuracy of path tracking,meanwhile the vehicle dynamics parameters including yaw rate and lateral acceleration are chosen as the repulsive force field source.The lane keeping controller based on improved APF algorithm is designed and the stability of the control system is proved based on Lyapunov theory.In addition,adaptive inertial weight particle swarm optimization algorithm(AIWPSO)is applied to optimize the gain of each potential field function.The co-simulation results indicate that the comprehensive evaluation index respecting lane tracking accuracy and lateral stability is reduced remarkably.Finally,the proposed control strategy is verified by the HiL test.It provides a beneficial reference for dynamics control of commercial vehicles and enriches the theoretical development and practical application of artificial potential field method in the field of intelligent driving.
文摘Perfume commercial,as a form of cultural text and practice,is relatively special in contemporary commercial advertising:The commodity qualities of perfume dictate that perfume advertisements must cater to the sexual fantasies of the audience,and therefore inevitably characterize the mainstream,dominant gender norms.At the same time,perfume commercial,as a unique marketing communication method,also unconsciously influences people’s values through sensory stimulation and emotional rendering.This article explores the connection between perfume and its commercials,sex,and gender,and discusses the generation of meaning in perfume commercials as texts and deconstructs the gender myth implied from the perspectives of representation and myth analysis,ultimately revealing that behind the gender myth of perfume commercials is but a false manifestation of the ideal self-image of the western white bourgeois heterosexuality.
文摘The current study extends the previous literature by exploring the effects of a newly discovered driver,i.e.,import taxes(as a proxy for commercial policies),on the consumption-based carbon emissions(CCO2e)for 1990Q1-2017Q4.For empirical analysis,several tests and methods,including Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test,Zivot–Andrews unit root test,asymmetric cointegration bound testing approach,non-linear ARDL,Wald-test,Granger causality test and wavelet quantile correlation(WQC)method are utilized.Furthermore,NARDL technique estimates reveal that contractionary commercial policy enhances the environmental quality by disrupting the detrimental effects of CCO2e.However,expansionary commercial policy escalates the environmental pollution by boosting the carbon emissions.Also,the exports and the renewable energy improve the ecological quality;however,GDP deteriorates the atmospheric quality by increasing the CCO2e.Besides,WQC method and the trivariate Granger causality test are deployed to confirm the robustness of the results.Based on the findings,some crucial policies are also recommended for sustainable and green development in Pakistan.
基金financially supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China (Grant No.ZR2022QE181)。
文摘Anatase TiO_(2) is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries,yet the low electronic and ionic conductivities are the main obstacles for its practical application.Even though the amorphization of TiO_(2) upon sodiation has already been observed,its underneath mechanisms are not fully elucidated.Herein,a low-cost nitrogen-containing carbon source of polyacrylonitrile is adopted to modify commercial anatase TiO_(2) by a convenient and nontoxic ball-milling technique combined with subsequent annealing treatment.In particular,the employment of a nitrogen-doping approach accompanied by nitrogendoped carbon coating,results in a greatly improved conductivity,overall leading to a high reversible capacity of about 260 m A h g^(-1)at 25 m A g^(-1),superior rate capabilities,and an ultra-stable capacity of about 186 m A h g^(-1)after 1600 cycles at 500 m A g^(-1).Detailed characterizations denote that the improved conductivity as well as the small size of the synthesized TiO_(2) grains play a key role in the TiO_(2) amorphization upon sodiation,with the TiO_(2)/C nanocomposite undergoing a complete amorphization in just few cycles.Finally,the irreversible amorphization of TiO_(2) is confirmed to be a crucial ingredient facilitating the Na+diffusion kinetics and pseudocapacitive behavior,thus boosting the sodium storage performance.
基金funded by the Innovation-Driven Development Special Fund Project of Guangxi,Grant No.Guike AA22068060the Science and Technology Planning Project of Liuzhou,Grant No.2021AAA0112the Liudong Science and Technology Project,Grant No.20210117.
文摘The extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm and acceleration sensor measurements were used to identify vehiclemass and road gradient in the work. Four different states of fixed mass, variable mass, fixed slope and variableslope were set to simulate real-time working conditions, respectively. A comprehensive electric commercial vehicleshifting strategy was formulated according to the identification results. The co-simulation results showed that,compared with the recursive least square (RLS) algorithm, the proposed algorithm could identify the real-timevehicle mass and road gradient quickly and accurately. The comprehensive shifting strategy formulated had thefollowing advantages, e.g., avoiding frequent shifting of vehicles up the hill, making full use ofmotor braking downthe hill, and improving the overall performance of vehicles.
基金This work was supported in part by the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi under Grant AA22068001in part by the Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi AB21196029+3 种基金in part by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China 51965012in part by the Scientific Research and TechnologyDevelopment in Liuzhou 2022AAA0102,2021AAA0104 and 2021AAA0112in part by Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation and Extension Special Project of Jiangsu Province NJ2021-21,in part by the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology,in part by the Guilin University of Electronic Technology 20-065-40-004Zin part by the Innovation Project of GUET Graduate Education 2022YCXS017.
文摘The reduction of fuel consumption in engines is always considered of vital importance.Along these lines,in this work,this goal was attained by optimizing the heavy-duty commercial vehicle engine control strategy.More specifically,at first,a general first principles model for heavy-duty commercial vehicles and a transient fuel consumptionmodel for heavy-duty commercial vehicles were developed and the parameters were adjusted to fit the empirical data.The accuracy of the proposed modelwas demonstrated fromthe stage and the final results.Next,the control optimization problem resulting in low fuel consumption in heavy commercial vehicles was described,with minimal fuel usage as the optimization goal and throttle opening as the control variable.Then,a time-continuous engine management approach was assessed.Next,the factors that influence low fuel consumption in heavy-duty commercial vehicles were systematically examined.To reduce the computing complexity,the control strategies related to the time constraints of the engine were parametrized using three different methods.The most effective solution was obtained by applying a global optimization strategy because the constrained optimization problem was nonlinear.Finally,the effectiveness of the low-fuel consumption engine control strategy was demonstrated by comparing the simulated and field test results.
基金research grants(P0030199 and P0038209)from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University。
文摘In this study,we develop and empirically test a valuation model for a commonly encountered option in office leases:a tenant’s option to renew at future market rent(a fair market value)with lease termination as the maturity date.The model integrates decision analysis with real options analysis and market risk with private risks.“Option value”is defined as the private value of the option to either party pre-contract,while“option price”assumes a fair agreement between transacting parties and can be positive(rental premium paid)or negative(rental discount offered).Without manifest expectations,an analysis of a sample of office leases supports the model’s logic with price estimates in a practical range.The tenants’option price/value is shown to have a negative relationship with the original/renewal lease term;conversely,the landlords’option value is positively related to the original/renewal term.Comparative analyses show that transaction costs have a positive effect on tenants’option value and on prices,while vacancy costs and the vacancy period are both positively related to the landlords’option value and negatively related to price.Market rent is found to have a negative relationship with option price.Overall,this study provides a theoretical analysis and empirical tests of the value of a real option that allows option holders to renew/extend their contracts at a fair market value.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51474170)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No.2023-JC-YB-312)Key Laboratory Project of Shaanxi Province Educational Committee (No.20JS075)。
文摘A homogenous microstructure of ultrafine-grained (UFG) commercially pure (CP) Ti characterized by equiaxed grains/subgrains with an average grain size of about 150 nm and strong prismatic fiber texture were obtained after 4 passes of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP).Tension–compression asymmetry in yield and work hardening behavior of UFG CP Ti were investigated by uniaxial tension and compression tests.The experimental results reveal that UFG CP Ti exhibits a relatively obvious tensioncompression asymmetry in yielding and work hardening behavior.The basal and prismaticslip are suppressed either for tension or compression,which is the easiest to activate.The tension twin system{1012}<1011> easily activated in compression deformation due to the prismatic fiber texture based on the Schmidt factor,consequently resulting in a lower yield strength under compression than tension.ECAP can improve the tension-compression asymmetry of CP Ti due to grain refinement.The interaction among the dislocations,grain boundaries and deformation twins are the main work hardening mechanisms for compression deformation,while the interaction between the dislocations and grain boundaries for tension deformation.Deformation twins lead to the higher work hardening under compression than tension.
基金Supported by Project of Shandong(Linyi)Modern Agriculture Research Institute of Zhejiang University for Serving Local Economic Development(ZDNY-2020-FWLY01004)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to select vegetable soybean varieties(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)that are suitable for local cultivation and meet export requirements.[Methods]Through continuous years of comparative experiments on broccoli and vegetable soybean varieties,detailed biological characteristic and economic quality data of multiple varieties were obtained.[Results]Vegetable soybean variety Taiwan 75-3 had very prominent early-maturing trait,the highest quality(qualification rate),and higher yield than the control check(CK);and the early-maturing trait of vegetable soybean variety Kaohsiung 9 was also prominent,and its yield was higher than that of the CK.They could be promoted as the main vegetable soybean varieties for spring open field cultivation in this region.Among the tested broccoli varieties,Lake had a higher yield,and was relatively tolerant to cold.It had an early harvest period,and was planted as an early autumn variety in this region.Naihan Youxiu showed the highest yield,good quality,cold resistance,and strong adaptability,making it suitable for planting as a late autumn variety in this region.[Conclusions]This study provides technical guidance for the cultivation of local broccoli and vegetable soybean.
基金part of“Research in the Return of Migrant Workers to Major Labor Exporting Provinces and Corresponding Allocation of Old Age Support Resources in Rural Areas”(16BSH132)a program funded by the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)“Research in the Path to,and Measures for,High-Quality Rural Development Driven by Entrepreneurial Agglomeration from the Perspective of Triple Coupling”(22FH54)。
文摘The development of a multi-pillar pension insurance system is an effective solution for an aging society.Commercial pension insurance,as the third pillar of pension insurance,is an integral part of this system in China and can play a critical and complementary role in rural areas where support for the elderly is a more pressing concern and a second pillar of pension insurance remains absent.To this end,we first elaborate on the theoretical logic that commercial pension insurance can develop into one of the pillars of rural pension insurance.We then empirically test rural residents’willingness to participate in a commercial pension insurance plan(CPIP)in a probit model with household research data from rural areas in major labor-exporting provinces,such as Sichuan and Henan so as to explore whether commercial pension insurance has the potential to become one of the pillars of rural pension insurance.Our research findings can be synthesized in three points.First,rural residents out of agricultural production for five consecutive years are more willing to participate in a CPIP than other rural residents,indicating that progress in industrialization and urbanization can significantly boost such willingness.Second,the younger rural residents are more inclined to participate in a CPIP than the older generation.Third,income increases can significantly boost rural residents’willingness to participate in a CPIP.Thus,with progress in industrialization and urbanization and an increase in rural disposable income,commercial pension insurance has a promising potential in rural areas and can hopefully develop into one of the pillars of rural pension insurance.
文摘Falls are a major cause of disability and even death in the elderly,and fall detection can effectively reduce the damage.Compared with cameras and wearable sensors,Wi-Fi devices can protect user privacy and are inexpensive and easy to deploy.Wi-Fi devices sense user activity by analyzing the channel state information(CSI)of the received signal,which makes fall detection possible.We propose a fall detection system based on commercial Wi-Fi devices which achieves good performance.In the feature extraction stage,we select the discrete wavelet transform(DWT)spectrum as the feature for activity classification,which can balance the temporal and spatial resolution.In the feature classification stage,we design a deep learning model based on convolutional neural networks,which has better performance compared with other traditional machine learning models.Experimental results show our work achieves a false alarm rate of 4.8%and a missed alarm rate of 1.9%.
文摘Livestock plays a vital role in the livelihood of many people in Ethiopia. However, a number of challenges hindered the development of the dairy sector along with its commercialization. Advancing commercialization of the rural generations was a foundation of the advancement and poverty reduction policies of Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data from 385 randomly selected households in Eastern Ethiopia were used in this study to assess the commercialization of cow milk producers. Descriptive statistics and the two limit Tobit econometric models were used to analyze the data. The average commercialization index was 0.434, indicating that each household sold 43.4 percent of the milk produced during the survey period. Ownership of improved breed cow, cooperative participation, access to market information, and quantity of milk produce influenced milk commercialization positively, but household size and distance to the nearest market influenced it negatively. The study suggests strengthening policies to improve rural family planning, strengthening farmer cooperatives to reinforce knowledge sharing among farmers for enhancing farmer resource endowment, and promoting improved breed varieties. The commercialization of milk producers will also expand as a result of policies that try to lower the transaction costs of accessing markets, improve the capacity of rural institutions, and encourage value addition and market links among various market players.
文摘From the perspective of the business ecosystem,this paper analyzes the competitive advantage and platform strategy of Da-Jiang Innovations Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.(DJI),a Chinese commercial drone manufacturer that is currently leading the global commercial drone industry.DJI was established in 2006 and developed the industry’s first core components such as drone control system.DJI released its“Phantom”in the United States in 2013 and occupied the global commercial drone market accounting for 70%in a short period of time.Its market share has maintained its superiority till present.During the inflection transition from the formation of a new ecosystem to expansion,DJI has defended and strengthened its core technology through a strong containment strategic action of competing with GoPro;therefore,DJI has obtained its hub position of multiple markets with bargaining power.In addition,DJI has entered the surrounding markets of corporate market from the general consumer market,and instilled its own product standards&design standards(reference design).Furthermore,it has stimulated and revitalized coexisting companies,individual&corporate customers for expanding the ecosystem of drone industry.
文摘Large commercial complexes are large in scale, complex in function, and located in densely populated areas that are prone to casualties due to unfavorable evacuation. To comprehend the safety evacuation of large commercial complex buildings in China, investigate the safety evacuation problems encountered during the evacuation process and the evacuation optimization design strategy, the paper uses Pathfinder to build a simulation model based on literature research and study to simulate the evacuation of personnel in a large commercial complex in Dalian and explore its problems during the evacuation process. The results show that the type of personnel has an effect on the large commercial complex’s evacuation simulation results;the total number of evacuees is non-linearly correlated with the time change curve;some staircases take a long time to evacuate and have a low utilization rate. To improve evacuation efficiency, optimization suggestions for safety exits, evacuation stairs, and evacuation channels are made based on the results.
文摘Internet finance has structural impact and market impact on commercial banking.Various forms of Internet finance such as third-party payment,crowdfunding,P2P lending,and internet money funds have emerged.Due to their low cost,high efficiency,and diversification characteristics,an increasing number of people are utilizing Internet finance for their businesses.This trend significantly affects traditional commercial banking operations and presents challenges.In order to gain competitive advantages through Internet finance,this paper explores how commercial banks can leverage their traditional business models.It introduces the concept,model,and characteristics of Internet finance;analyzes the importance of asset management for commercial banks;examines the influence of Internet on commercial bank’s asset management;finally proposes countermeasures for the development of Internet finance.It is advocated that commercial banks should actively explore the road of“structured finance”with all-round structural reform in the future.
文摘Rooftop greening not only has ecological benefits such as energy savings, water conservation and air quality improvement but also has aesthetic and social benefits, especially for the rooftops of commercial complexes, which should meet people’s demand for beauty while satisfying sustainable urban development. In this paper, 80 samples of ten commercial rooftops in five old urban areas of Chengdu, China, were selected as the research objects, and the beauty values of different roof types and different plant community types were quantified by the aesthetic evaluation method, and the factors influencing the beauty values were investigated. The results showed that the highest average SBE value was for plant ornamental roofs (0.635), followed by recreational roofs (0.080), and the lowest average SBE value was for sports and fitness (-0.555);Mixed needle-broad communities had the greatest average SBE value (0.330), followed by mixed bamboo-broad communities (0.094), while pure bamboo forests had the lowest average SBE value (-0.716). The rooftop plant community’s aesthetic value was highly significant and correlated positively with the type of roof, the community’s growth type, its vertical structure, and the number of plants in the community.
文摘The 84 km Panama Canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans has historically been a strategic waterway for shipping and the location of United States (US) military bases. Since the construction of Lake Gatun reservoir, canal locks and navigation channel through the Isthmus of Panama tropical forests in the 1910s, chemicals, pesticides, and herbicides have been essential for controlling upland and wetland vegetation as well as managing mosquito-borne diseases. Chemicals and pesticides flowed into Lake Gatun via land surface runoff and subsurface drainage either attached to the sediment or in solution during the rainy season. Lake Gatun and the Panama Canal was the drinking water source for most of the civilian and military population living in the Panama Canal Zone. Between 1948 and 1999, US military base commanders had the ability to order, from the Federal Supply Catalog, commercially available herbicide 2,4,5-T with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD for use on the military base grounds in the Panama Canal Zone. The herbicide 2,4,5-T was transported to Panama Canal Zone ports, including the ports Cristobal on the Caribbean and Balboa on the Pacific, and distributed to the US military bases in Panama by rail or truck. The US National Toxicology Program and the International Agency for the Research on Cancer listed dioxin and TCDD as known human carcinogens. Dioxins are endocrine disrupters and can cause certain chloracne, cancers, developmental and reproductive effects. In 1985, the United States government banned the manufacture of the herbicide 2,4,5-T, with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD, after it was shown to cause cancer in animals. The objectives of this study are to determine: 1) the fate of dioxin TCDD, a contaminant in the herbicide 2,4,5-T, sprayed on the US military base vegetation in the Panama Canal Zone from 1948 to 1999, 2) the transport of dioxin TCDD rich sediment via soil erosion and overland flow into Lake Gatun and Panama Canal waterways and 3) the human health impacts of dioxin TCDD, a known carcinogen, on US military and Panamanian civilians exposed to dioxin TCDD in the Panama Canal Zone.
文摘The book chapter is an extended version of the research paper entitled “Use of Component Integration Services in Multidatabase Systems”, which is presented and published by the 13<sup>th</sup> ISITA, the National Conference of Recent Trends in Mathematical and Computer Sciences, T.M.B. University, Bhagalpur, India, January 3-4, 2015. Information is widely distributed across many remote, distributed, and autonomous databases (local component databases) in heterogeneous formats. The integration of heterogeneous remote databases is a difficult task, and it has already been addressed by several projects to certain extents. In this chapter, we have discussed how to integrate heterogeneous distributed local relational databases because of their simplicity, excellent security, performance, power, flexibility, data independence, support for new hardware technologies, and spread across the globe. We have also discussed how to constitute a global conceptual schema in the multidatabase system using Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise’s Component Integration Services (CIS) and OmniConnect. This is feasible for higher education institutions and commercial industries as well. Considering the higher educational institutions, the CIS will improve IT integration for educational institutions with their subsidiaries or with other institutions within the country and abroad in terms of educational management, teaching, learning, and research, including promoting international students’ academic integration, collaboration, and governance. This will prove an innovative strategy to support the modernization and large expansion of academic institutions. This will be considered IT-institutional alignment within a higher education context. This will also support achieving one of the sustainable development goals set by the United Nations: “Goal 4: ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning”. However, the process of IT integration into higher educational institutions must be thoroughly evaluated, identifying the vital data access points. In this chapter, Section 1 provides an introduction, including the evolution of various database systems, data models, and the emergence of multidatabase systems and their importance. Section 2 discusses component integration services (CIS), OmniConnect and considering heterogeneous relational distributed local databases from the perspective of academics, Section 3 discusses the Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE), Section 4 discusses the role of component integration services and OmniConnect of Sybase ASE under the Multidatabase System, Section 5 shows the database architectural framework, Section 6 provides an implementation overview of the global conceptual schema in the multidatabase system, Section 7 discusses query processing in the CIS, and finally, Section 8 concludes the chapter. The chapter will help our students a lot, as we have discussed well the evolution of databases and data models and the emergence of multidatabases. Since some additional useful information is cited, the source of information for each citation is properly mentioned in the references column.
文摘The study investigated mobile banking and commercial banks’performance nexus in Zimbabwe for the period 2011-2021.The investigation employed a pragmatic approach and a descriptive design.Primary data as well as secondary data were used to achieve the study objectives.Questionnaires,interviews and documentary guides were used to collect primary and secondary data respectively.There were 108 questionnaires distributed to staff members and customers of 6 sampled commercial banks in Zimbabwe having mobile banking experience.The interview guide was administered to bank managers to get a deeper understanding of the topic under research and as a mitigation strategy for addressing the flaws of the questionnaires.Analysis of quantitative data utilised descriptive analysis tools,correlations analysis tools as well as regression analysis tools whereas theme analysis was used for qualitative data.SPSS version 26 was used for this purpose.The study implications established that mobile banking and commercial banks’performance nexus in Zimbabwe was significant and also enhanced mobile banking security capabilities and strengthened commercial banks’performance.The investigation concluded that mobile banking’s success in enhancing commercial banks’performance hinged on its ability to allow the user to get easier,cheaper and timely access to services.However,the study results showed that the cost of mobile banking services,government policies and intense competition inhibited the uptake of banking services.Commercial banks are recommended to continue strengthening the security of mobile banking services and to boost their uptake by bank customers in Zimbabwe.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42171191,41771172)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M641760)Education Department of Jilin Province(No.JJKH20201173KJ)。
文摘Urban shrinkage is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon in China.The research focus has been the identification,origin,and pattern of shrinking cities.Nevertheless,attention has also been paid to the problems associated with urban shrinkage.The present study examines one typical shrinking city in China,specifically the Yichun District in Yichun City.To explore the matching relationship between residential and commercial spaces,this study analyzes supply and demand data,electricity consumption data and multi-source points of interest(POI)of residents.The results showed that the occupancy rate is not reduced in the context of urban shrinkage,and that the supply level of various commercial facilities is not in decline.Apart from leisure and entertainment facilities,the supply levels of catering,shopping and supporting facilities for life were noted to have improved.In reference to urban shrinkage,the matching relationship between residential and commercial space in the 5-min,10-min,and 15-min living circles mainly shifted to a highlevel equilibrium.The matching relationships between residential space and different types of commercial spaces change in both direction and magnitude.From the perspective of supply and demand,the spatial and temporal changes in the relationship relate to multiple factors,such as the level of economic development,the buiding age pattern,public transportation accessibility,aging,and residents’willingness to move.This study provides relevant data for managing urban shrinkage.It also helps improve the relationships between residential and commercial spaces and works to optimize the layout and structure of functional urban spaces.
