E-Business now is developing fast in China and the development of E-Business strategy is crucial as the right strategy can make the E-Business select the correct direction and get a better development. In this paper, ...E-Business now is developing fast in China and the development of E-Business strategy is crucial as the right strategy can make the E-Business select the correct direction and get a better development. In this paper, combined with SWOT parameters module, we will make a thorough research on the strategies used by Vip.eom from different angles. After this research, we will have a good understanding of strategies used by VIP website and learn to make better decisions in the e-business world.展开更多
Shanghai free trade area from 28.78 square kilometers expanded to 120.72 square kilometers, the space has expanded to 4 times the original. But in the second, it is more important to achieve the functional area. New s...Shanghai free trade area from 28.78 square kilometers expanded to 120.72 square kilometers, the space has expanded to 4 times the original. But in the second, it is more important to achieve the functional area. New self trade test area covers the Lujiazui financial and Trade Zone, Jinqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone, Zhangiiang High Tech Park and comprehensive free trade zone, the state-level development zone has formed a respective unique function and mature operation mode, expanding area, the area co reform, the development of dislocation. In the special regulatory region, actively learn from international practice, to further intensify reform efforts, especially to explore the construction of offshore financing to adapt to the development of offshore trade environment, to become the highest degree of openness in the region. ＂The expansion of the Shanghai free trade zone will help to test the innovation of different industrial types in a wider range.＂展开更多
With the rising cost of labor factors in China,several multinational companies that rely on labor-intensive industries have withdrawn their production lines from China,which has had a huge impact on the development of...With the rising cost of labor factors in China,several multinational companies that rely on labor-intensive industries have withdrawn their production lines from China,which has had a huge impact on the development of Chinese enterprises.Under the guidance of national policies,many enterprises have begun to climb to the high end of the value chain.This paper analyzes the main function of value chain management by studying the composition of industry value chain management from the perspective of competitive strategy.In view of the lack of enterprise value chain management,this paper discusses from three aspects:product,technology,and price.Product homogeneity has been found to greatly reduce the market competitiveness of products,which is not conducive to the value-added and sustainable development of enterprises.Based on this,corresponding strategies have been proposed,in which enterprises should maximize the advantages of value chain management through scientific and efficient information management techniques.展开更多
In this paper, we consider a single-period model comprised of an original manufacturer （OM） who produces only new products and a remanufacturer who collects used products from consumers and produces remanufactured p...In this paper, we consider a single-period model comprised of an original manufacturer （OM） who produces only new products and a remanufacturer who collects used products from consumers and produces remanufactured products. The OM and the remanufacturer compete in the product market. We examine the effects of government subsidy as a means to promote remanufacturing activity. In particularly, we consider three subsidy options： subsidy to remanufacturer, subsidy to consumers, and subsidy shared by remanufacturer and consumers. We find that the introduction of government subsidy on remanufacturer or consumers always increases remanufacturing activity. We also find that subsidy to remanufacturer is the best subsidy option, because subsidy to remanufacturer results in lower price of remanufactttred products, thus leading to higher consumer surplus.展开更多
Porter identifies high market share with cost leadership strategy which is based on the idea of competing on a price lower than that of the competition. However, in most consumer markets a business should serve the mi...Porter identifies high market share with cost leadership strategy which is based on the idea of competing on a price lower than that of the competition. However, in most consumer markets a business should serve the middle class by competing in the mid-price segment, offering quality better than that of the competition at a somewhat higher price. It is this path that can lead to market share leadership： a strategy that can be both profitable and sustainable. The U.S. men＇s shaving cream market consists of two major product-market segments： gel and foam. We test the hypothesis that the best-selling brand is very likely to be a member of the mid-price segment with a price tag that is higher than that of the nearest competition. This study is based on annual U.S. sales data for 2008 and 2007 from discount retail stores, food stores, and drug stores. We performed two separate analyses for 2008 and 2007, using cluster analysis as the main analytic tool. The results were remarkably consistent between the two years. In the gel segment--by far the most important--the price-quality segmentation analysis supported our hypothesis. An interesting finding is that, for both the gel and foam segments, we found the rank order correlation of brand unit price between 2007 and 2008 as highly significant. This means that in this market management considers the price of a brand as a strategic rather than a tactical variable. Although, technically the results for the foam segment were negative, this does not necessarily contradict our hypothesis. Finally, we discovered six strategic groups in the industry and have tried to articulate what their competitive strategy is.展开更多
Both morphology and composition have a great influence on the properties and functions of materials,however,how to rational modulate both of them to achieve their synergistic effects has been a longstanding expectatio...Both morphology and composition have a great influence on the properties and functions of materials,however,how to rational modulate both of them to achieve their synergistic effects has been a longstanding expectation.Herein,we demonstrate a competitive assembling strategy for the construction of metal-free graphite carbon nitride(CN)homojunctions in which morphology and composition can be easily controlled simultaneously by only changing the ratio of assembly raw materials.These homojunctions are comprised of porous nanotubular S-doped CN(SCN)grafted with CN nanovesicles,which are derived from thermal polycondensation of melamine-thiocyanuric acid(M-T)/melamine-cyanuric acid(M-C)supramolecular hybrid blocks.This unique architecture and component engineering endows the novel SCN-CN homojunction with abundant active sites,enhanced visible trapping ability,and intimate interface contact.As a result,the synthesized SCN-CN homojunctions demonstrate high photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution and pollutant degradation.This developed strategy opens up intriguing opportu-nities for the rational construction of intricate metal-free heterostructures with controllable architecture and interfacial contact for applications in energy-related fields.展开更多
Nowadays, the Internet has influenced our lives in many different ways. It is reported by the Analysys that the smart home market scale hit CNY 140.4 billion in 2016, up 23.2% over 2015. Smart home is building automat...Nowadays, the Internet has influenced our lives in many different ways. It is reported by the Analysys that the smart home market scale hit CNY 140.4 billion in 2016, up 23.2% over 2015. Smart home is building automation for the house. It involves the control, automation of lighting, heating, air conditioning, security and so on. Smart home technology can not only make our lives more convenient but also help to improve the quality of our lives. After the Chinese Reform and Open-up, Haler .through the continuous product innovation, has become one of the biggest high tech companies across the world. Haier U-home is a series of solutions for the smart community, smart home, smart apartment and pension problems by means of RFID, wireless and sensor technologies. And it has already been put into application in several residential real estates. The purpose of this thesis is about to discuss the competitive strategic research of Haier U-home business in the Smart Home Market by using Michael Porter＇ s five forces model.展开更多
China has been a leader in export strategy since the reform and opening-up for trade. This has played a positive role in economic development, however, since stepping into a large country economy, entering the.WTO and...China has been a leader in export strategy since the reform and opening-up for trade. This has played a positive role in economic development, however, since stepping into a large country economy, entering the.WTO and the current development of economic globalization at a rapid rate, the leading export strategy has already been very difficult to adapt to the daily challenges in export because of the constant changes in domestic and international economic environment. In view of this, China should turn its strategy into one of dynamic comparative advantages with a global competitive strategy, in conformity with big country＇s economy in the economic background of globalization.展开更多
Niche strategy is one of the competitive strategies based on a small market, and an enterprise enters the market and becomes the leader of the market in the end. Galanz is a typical Chinese manufacturer to execute nic...Niche strategy is one of the competitive strategies based on a small market, and an enterprise enters the market and becomes the leader of the market in the end. Galanz is a typical Chinese manufacturer to execute niche strategy. It makes use of labour force advantage, resource advantage and technologist advantage to enter microwave oven market, and it has been one of the most famous manufacture factories in the world. The success of Galanz gives elicitations to other Chinese manufacturers, and it will inspirit more and more manufacturers appear similar as Galanz.展开更多
E-Commerce refers to such business behavior as conducting trades on a virtual network through the Internet.The core elements contributing to the success of online stores include not only the web-based presentation and...E-Commerce refers to such business behavior as conducting trades on a virtual network through the Internet.The core elements contributing to the success of online stores include not only the web-based presentation and the low-price strategy but the quality of online service as well.Importance-Performance Analysis is a method frequently used to evaluate performance and analyze competition strategies.Using IPA,this study analyzed and investigated the service quality of the online shopping of a case company and proposed 10 indexes to measure the service quality of online shopping.a number of suggestions on competition strategies were provided for the case company to improve its competition strategies.展开更多
As a large private company starting from feed-processing industry, the East Hope Group has entered the aluminum industry. During the period of less than four years, it has completed two big electrolyticaluminum smelte...As a large private company starting from feed-processing industry, the East Hope Group has entered the aluminum industry. During the period of less than four years, it has completed two big electrolyticaluminum smelters and started the construction of a project of oxide of alumina. With its rapid speed, advanced technology and equipment, and high efficiency, the company has created a miracle in aluminum industry. From the viewpoint of strategic management, the author analyzes the strategic thinking of its entry into the aluminum industry; the strategic measures to build the company into the most competitive enterprise in this industry, and how to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage. Meanwhile, the paper plays an important reference role for the analysis of the private economy, and the enterprises with diversified thinking and those wishing to expand aggressively.展开更多
Mainstream industrial policy research cannot fully explain how government interventions have helped China’s mobile communications industry catch up with and overtake those of advanced nations.China’s mobile communic...Mainstream industrial policy research cannot fully explain how government interventions have helped China’s mobile communications industry catch up with and overtake those of advanced nations.China’s mobile communications industry made breakthroughs in 3G,caught up with advanced nations in 4G,and gained a leadership position in 5G due to the implementation and improvement of a strategy of industrial competition that accommodates mainstream standards and prioritizes the mid-band spectrum based on the integrated“technology,standard and industry”deployment system and swift decision-making.The introduction of a perspective of a strategy of industrial competition may supplement industrial policy research in the following ways:First,when the concerted actions of numerous innovators are important for industrial competition performance,an effective strategy of industrial competition can be devised and overall coordinated by the government provided that is compatible with the catch-up development of emerging technological industries.Second,an industrial policy becomes effective when it is complementary with the strategic factors for long-term industrial performance such as the strategy of industrial competition and avoids serious disruptions to market-based mechanisms.展开更多
In order to evaluate the impact of green production introduced by the manufacturer and study the competitive strategy between two retailers,four strategic models among diverse retailers,i.e.,Cournot,Stackelberg and tw...In order to evaluate the impact of green production introduced by the manufacturer and study the competitive strategy between two retailers,four strategic models among diverse retailers,i.e.,Cournot,Stackelberg and two cases of collusion,are constructed.The optimal decision is obtained by the game theory and numerical analysis.The results indicate that the manufacturer's marginal profitability is no less than that of the two retailers.However,due to the manufacturer's green cost,the downstream profitability of the supply chain may exceed the upstream manufacturer's profitability.The retailers'Cournot behavior causes the manufacturer to acquire the highest profitability and set the highest green level.However,there is an opposite result in collusion.Two retailers will choose Cournot pricing when the consumer's green sensitivity is higher than a threshold.When consumers are more sensitive to the price difference of products,retailers prefer collusion,and then choose the Stackelberg behavior.Manufacturers'profitability will increase as competition among retailers intensifies.Proper competition allows two duopolistic retailers to acquire a higher profitability.展开更多
Under the circumstance of Core competence＇s cultivation becoming the trend of M＆A, the paper studies core competence-based M＆A strategy and builds a framework of theoretical analysis of core competence-based M＆A f...Under the circumstance of Core competence＇s cultivation becoming the trend of M＆A, the paper studies core competence-based M＆A strategy and builds a framework of theoretical analysis of core competence-based M＆A from the aspect of the theory of core competence, corporate competence and competitive strategy.展开更多
The worldwide extension and intensification of farming during the last century has led to ecosystem degradation and caused a series of environmental problems.Conservation of ecosystem services in agricultural regions ...The worldwide extension and intensification of farming during the last century has led to ecosystem degradation and caused a series of environmental problems.Conservation of ecosystem services in agricultural regions has been implemented by top-down government actions or initiated by resilience scientists in the developed countries,but little attention was paid in the developing countries,especially in some remote mountainous regions.The present paper presents a case study showing how local farmers obtained both maximal societal outcomes and agroecosystem conservation interests in the absence of distinct boundaries between agricultural and protected ecological areas in the densely populated purple-soiled hilly region of southwestern China.The local community(Yanting County) has developed a mosaic agricultural-forestry-fishery-stock breeding system with spatially targeted land uses,diverse agricultural productions and multiple ecological partnerships.It indicates that the local farmers have hereditarily perceived sound strategies on maximizing sustainable societal outcomes and optimizing tradeoffs among macro-market,state policy,new technological facility and ecological reinforcement.展开更多
Using Chinese microdata from 2000 to 2013,we document how demand shocks in export markets lead multi-product exporters to adjust markups across products.We find that,in response to positive demand shocks,quality-based...Using Chinese microdata from 2000 to 2013,we document how demand shocks in export markets lead multi-product exporters to adjust markups across products.We find that,in response to positive demand shocks,quality-based competitive multi-product firms increase product markups significantly,particularly for core products,whereas cost-based competitive multi-product firms respond by reducing product markups.The reason for this is that positive foreign demand affects markups through two opposite channels:pro-innovative effects and pro-competitive ejfects.Pro-innovative effects are predominant among quality-based competitive multi-product firms,and these firms respond to positive foreign demand shocks by increasing product quality,prices,and markups.Pro-competitive ejfects are predominant among cost-based competitive multi-product firms,and these firms respond to positive foreign demand shocks by lowering product cost,prices,and markups.We demonstrate the presence of these mechanisms empirically.The results imply that firms with different competition strategies should adopt different measures in response to foreign demand shocks.展开更多
This study investigates the influence of strategic competition on peer effects in corporate investment by using a sample of 28,522 observations of Chinese listed companies from 2008 to 2020.The study develops a linear...This study investigates the influence of strategic competition on peer effects in corporate investment by using a sample of 28,522 observations of Chinese listed companies from 2008 to 2020.The study develops a linear-in means model and uses an instrumental variables approach,and uses the competitive strategy measure(CSM)and Lerner index as proxies of competitive strategies and competitive positions to capture the firm-level competition.The empirical results demonstrate that when firms compete as strategic substitutes and when firms are in higher competitive positions,the peer effects in corporate investment are significant and positive.In addition,in circumstances of high information asymmetry,firms competing as strategic substitutes and firms in high competitive positions rely more on information related to investment from peer firms.Moreover,industry policies and barriers do not significantly influence peer effects in investment.This study offers new empirical evidence regarding peer effects in corporate investment in China.展开更多
Group buying （GB） has emerged and evolved into various forms over the past decade. We investigate a distinct form of GB, namely consumer-driven group buying, whereby some consumers form purchase groups to visit stor...Group buying （GB） has emerged and evolved into various forms over the past decade. We investigate a distinct form of GB, namely consumer-driven group buying, whereby some consumers form purchase groups to visit stores together and negotiate for discounts. We refer to these consumers as GB consumers that differ from regular consumers who visit stores individually and pay regular prices. Visited by a purchase group, a store has to make an immediate decision to serve their demand in its entirety. Turned down by the first store it visits, the purchase group continues to visit the other store. After accommodating GB demand, the stores use remaining stocks to serve regular consumers. We demonstrate that GB can be a treat to stores that adopt proper policies to utilize it as an instrument to reach consumers. The stores are able to accommodate group demand at a price lower than regular price in most circumstances but still manage to earn stable profits. The presence of regular consumers has a subtle effect on equilibrium formation, by strengthening the stores＇ power in negotiating with GB consumers to make group price weakly increase with group size. Moreover, competing stores are able to manipulate the interactions between purchase groups and collectively earn a higher total profit than a monopolist store when GB consumers account for a small fraction of market base and competition is intense.展开更多
文摘E-Business now is developing fast in China and the development of E-Business strategy is crucial as the right strategy can make the E-Business select the correct direction and get a better development. In this paper, combined with SWOT parameters module, we will make a thorough research on the strategies used by Vip.eom from different angles. After this research, we will have a good understanding of strategies used by VIP website and learn to make better decisions in the e-business world.
文摘Shanghai free trade area from 28.78 square kilometers expanded to 120.72 square kilometers, the space has expanded to 4 times the original. But in the second, it is more important to achieve the functional area. New self trade test area covers the Lujiazui financial and Trade Zone, Jinqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone, Zhangiiang High Tech Park and comprehensive free trade zone, the state-level development zone has formed a respective unique function and mature operation mode, expanding area, the area co reform, the development of dislocation. In the special regulatory region, actively learn from international practice, to further intensify reform efforts, especially to explore the construction of offshore financing to adapt to the development of offshore trade environment, to become the highest degree of openness in the region. ＂The expansion of the Shanghai free trade zone will help to test the innovation of different industrial types in a wider range.＂
文摘With the rising cost of labor factors in China,several multinational companies that rely on labor-intensive industries have withdrawn their production lines from China,which has had a huge impact on the development of Chinese enterprises.Under the guidance of national policies,many enterprises have begun to climb to the high end of the value chain.This paper analyzes the main function of value chain management by studying the composition of industry value chain management from the perspective of competitive strategy.In view of the lack of enterprise value chain management,this paper discusses from three aspects:product,technology,and price.Product homogeneity has been found to greatly reduce the market competitiveness of products,which is not conducive to the value-added and sustainable development of enterprises.Based on this,corresponding strategies have been proposed,in which enterprises should maximize the advantages of value chain management through scientific and efficient information management techniques.
基金The authors thank the anonymous referees for their comments and suggestions. This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos.71231007, 71373222, 71501149）.
文摘In this paper, we consider a single-period model comprised of an original manufacturer （OM） who produces only new products and a remanufacturer who collects used products from consumers and produces remanufactured products. The OM and the remanufacturer compete in the product market. We examine the effects of government subsidy as a means to promote remanufacturing activity. In particularly, we consider three subsidy options： subsidy to remanufacturer, subsidy to consumers, and subsidy shared by remanufacturer and consumers. We find that the introduction of government subsidy on remanufacturer or consumers always increases remanufacturing activity. We also find that subsidy to remanufacturer is the best subsidy option, because subsidy to remanufacturer results in lower price of remanufactttred products, thus leading to higher consumer surplus.
文摘Porter identifies high market share with cost leadership strategy which is based on the idea of competing on a price lower than that of the competition. However, in most consumer markets a business should serve the middle class by competing in the mid-price segment, offering quality better than that of the competition at a somewhat higher price. It is this path that can lead to market share leadership： a strategy that can be both profitable and sustainable. The U.S. men＇s shaving cream market consists of two major product-market segments： gel and foam. We test the hypothesis that the best-selling brand is very likely to be a member of the mid-price segment with a price tag that is higher than that of the nearest competition. This study is based on annual U.S. sales data for 2008 and 2007 from discount retail stores, food stores, and drug stores. We performed two separate analyses for 2008 and 2007, using cluster analysis as the main analytic tool. The results were remarkably consistent between the two years. In the gel segment--by far the most important--the price-quality segmentation analysis supported our hypothesis. An interesting finding is that, for both the gel and foam segments, we found the rank order correlation of brand unit price between 2007 and 2008 as highly significant. This means that in this market management considers the price of a brand as a strategic rather than a tactical variable. Although, technically the results for the foam segment were negative, this does not necessarily contradict our hypothesis. Finally, we discovered six strategic groups in the industry and have tried to articulate what their competitive strategy is.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51772085,12072110)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2020JJ4190).
文摘Both morphology and composition have a great influence on the properties and functions of materials,however,how to rational modulate both of them to achieve their synergistic effects has been a longstanding expectation.Herein,we demonstrate a competitive assembling strategy for the construction of metal-free graphite carbon nitride(CN)homojunctions in which morphology and composition can be easily controlled simultaneously by only changing the ratio of assembly raw materials.These homojunctions are comprised of porous nanotubular S-doped CN(SCN)grafted with CN nanovesicles,which are derived from thermal polycondensation of melamine-thiocyanuric acid(M-T)/melamine-cyanuric acid(M-C)supramolecular hybrid blocks.This unique architecture and component engineering endows the novel SCN-CN homojunction with abundant active sites,enhanced visible trapping ability,and intimate interface contact.As a result,the synthesized SCN-CN homojunctions demonstrate high photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution and pollutant degradation.This developed strategy opens up intriguing opportu-nities for the rational construction of intricate metal-free heterostructures with controllable architecture and interfacial contact for applications in energy-related fields.
文摘Nowadays, the Internet has influenced our lives in many different ways. It is reported by the Analysys that the smart home market scale hit CNY 140.4 billion in 2016, up 23.2% over 2015. Smart home is building automation for the house. It involves the control, automation of lighting, heating, air conditioning, security and so on. Smart home technology can not only make our lives more convenient but also help to improve the quality of our lives. After the Chinese Reform and Open-up, Haler .through the continuous product innovation, has become one of the biggest high tech companies across the world. Haier U-home is a series of solutions for the smart community, smart home, smart apartment and pension problems by means of RFID, wireless and sensor technologies. And it has already been put into application in several residential real estates. The purpose of this thesis is about to discuss the competitive strategic research of Haier U-home business in the Smart Home Market by using Michael Porter＇ s five forces model.
文摘China has been a leader in export strategy since the reform and opening-up for trade. This has played a positive role in economic development, however, since stepping into a large country economy, entering the.WTO and the current development of economic globalization at a rapid rate, the leading export strategy has already been very difficult to adapt to the daily challenges in export because of the constant changes in domestic and international economic environment. In view of this, China should turn its strategy into one of dynamic comparative advantages with a global competitive strategy, in conformity with big country＇s economy in the economic background of globalization.
文摘Niche strategy is one of the competitive strategies based on a small market, and an enterprise enters the market and becomes the leader of the market in the end. Galanz is a typical Chinese manufacturer to execute niche strategy. It makes use of labour force advantage, resource advantage and technologist advantage to enter microwave oven market, and it has been one of the most famous manufacture factories in the world. The success of Galanz gives elicitations to other Chinese manufacturers, and it will inspirit more and more manufacturers appear similar as Galanz.
文摘E-Commerce refers to such business behavior as conducting trades on a virtual network through the Internet.The core elements contributing to the success of online stores include not only the web-based presentation and the low-price strategy but the quality of online service as well.Importance-Performance Analysis is a method frequently used to evaluate performance and analyze competition strategies.Using IPA,this study analyzed and investigated the service quality of the online shopping of a case company and proposed 10 indexes to measure the service quality of online shopping.a number of suggestions on competition strategies were provided for the case company to improve its competition strategies.
文摘As a large private company starting from feed-processing industry, the East Hope Group has entered the aluminum industry. During the period of less than four years, it has completed two big electrolyticaluminum smelters and started the construction of a project of oxide of alumina. With its rapid speed, advanced technology and equipment, and high efficiency, the company has created a miracle in aluminum industry. From the viewpoint of strategic management, the author analyzes the strategic thinking of its entry into the aluminum industry; the strategic measures to build the company into the most competitive enterprise in this industry, and how to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage. Meanwhile, the paper plays an important reference role for the analysis of the private economy, and the enterprises with diversified thinking and those wishing to expand aggressively.
文摘Mainstream industrial policy research cannot fully explain how government interventions have helped China’s mobile communications industry catch up with and overtake those of advanced nations.China’s mobile communications industry made breakthroughs in 3G,caught up with advanced nations in 4G,and gained a leadership position in 5G due to the implementation and improvement of a strategy of industrial competition that accommodates mainstream standards and prioritizes the mid-band spectrum based on the integrated“technology,standard and industry”deployment system and swift decision-making.The introduction of a perspective of a strategy of industrial competition may supplement industrial policy research in the following ways:First,when the concerted actions of numerous innovators are important for industrial competition performance,an effective strategy of industrial competition can be devised and overall coordinated by the government provided that is compatible with the catch-up development of emerging technological industries.Second,an industrial policy becomes effective when it is complementary with the strategic factors for long-term industrial performance such as the strategy of industrial competition and avoids serious disruptions to market-based mechanisms.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51875332)the Capacity Building Projects of Some Local Universities of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.18040501600).
文摘In order to evaluate the impact of green production introduced by the manufacturer and study the competitive strategy between two retailers,four strategic models among diverse retailers,i.e.,Cournot,Stackelberg and two cases of collusion,are constructed.The optimal decision is obtained by the game theory and numerical analysis.The results indicate that the manufacturer's marginal profitability is no less than that of the two retailers.However,due to the manufacturer's green cost,the downstream profitability of the supply chain may exceed the upstream manufacturer's profitability.The retailers'Cournot behavior causes the manufacturer to acquire the highest profitability and set the highest green level.However,there is an opposite result in collusion.Two retailers will choose Cournot pricing when the consumer's green sensitivity is higher than a threshold.When consumers are more sensitive to the price difference of products,retailers prefer collusion,and then choose the Stackelberg behavior.Manufacturers'profitability will increase as competition among retailers intensifies.Proper competition allows two duopolistic retailers to acquire a higher profitability.
文摘Under the circumstance of Core competence＇s cultivation becoming the trend of M＆A, the paper studies core competence-based M＆A strategy and builds a framework of theoretical analysis of core competence-based M＆A from the aspect of the theory of core competence, corporate competence and competitive strategy.
基金funded by Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No.2011BAD31B03)Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No. KZCX2-XB3-09)Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (Grant No.2009ZX07014-002-06)
文摘The worldwide extension and intensification of farming during the last century has led to ecosystem degradation and caused a series of environmental problems.Conservation of ecosystem services in agricultural regions has been implemented by top-down government actions or initiated by resilience scientists in the developed countries,but little attention was paid in the developing countries,especially in some remote mountainous regions.The present paper presents a case study showing how local farmers obtained both maximal societal outcomes and agroecosystem conservation interests in the absence of distinct boundaries between agricultural and protected ecological areas in the densely populated purple-soiled hilly region of southwestern China.The local community(Yanting County) has developed a mosaic agricultural-forestry-fishery-stock breeding system with spatially targeted land uses,diverse agricultural productions and multiple ecological partnerships.It indicates that the local farmers have hereditarily perceived sound strategies on maximizing sustainable societal outcomes and optimizing tradeoffs among macro-market,state policy,new technological facility and ecological reinforcement.
基金Tenglong Zhong is grateful for the support by the Youth Project from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71903003)the Program for Innovation Research in Central University of Finance and Economics+1 种基金Ming Xu is grateflil for support from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated Development Think Tank Basic Research Project from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(No.2020P05)the Major Project of Research and Interpretation of the Spirit of the 5th Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from the National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences(No.21ZDA021).
文摘Using Chinese microdata from 2000 to 2013,we document how demand shocks in export markets lead multi-product exporters to adjust markups across products.We find that,in response to positive demand shocks,quality-based competitive multi-product firms increase product markups significantly,particularly for core products,whereas cost-based competitive multi-product firms respond by reducing product markups.The reason for this is that positive foreign demand affects markups through two opposite channels:pro-innovative effects and pro-competitive ejfects.Pro-innovative effects are predominant among quality-based competitive multi-product firms,and these firms respond to positive foreign demand shocks by increasing product quality,prices,and markups.Pro-competitive ejfects are predominant among cost-based competitive multi-product firms,and these firms respond to positive foreign demand shocks by lowering product cost,prices,and markups.We demonstrate the presence of these mechanisms empirically.The results imply that firms with different competition strategies should adopt different measures in response to foreign demand shocks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.72202030China Postdoctoral Science Foundation No.2022M710630.
文摘This study investigates the influence of strategic competition on peer effects in corporate investment by using a sample of 28,522 observations of Chinese listed companies from 2008 to 2020.The study develops a linear-in means model and uses an instrumental variables approach,and uses the competitive strategy measure(CSM)and Lerner index as proxies of competitive strategies and competitive positions to capture the firm-level competition.The empirical results demonstrate that when firms compete as strategic substitutes and when firms are in higher competitive positions,the peer effects in corporate investment are significant and positive.In addition,in circumstances of high information asymmetry,firms competing as strategic substitutes and firms in high competitive positions rely more on information related to investment from peer firms.Moreover,industry policies and barriers do not significantly influence peer effects in investment.This study offers new empirical evidence regarding peer effects in corporate investment in China.
文摘Group buying （GB） has emerged and evolved into various forms over the past decade. We investigate a distinct form of GB, namely consumer-driven group buying, whereby some consumers form purchase groups to visit stores together and negotiate for discounts. We refer to these consumers as GB consumers that differ from regular consumers who visit stores individually and pay regular prices. Visited by a purchase group, a store has to make an immediate decision to serve their demand in its entirety. Turned down by the first store it visits, the purchase group continues to visit the other store. After accommodating GB demand, the stores use remaining stocks to serve regular consumers. We demonstrate that GB can be a treat to stores that adopt proper policies to utilize it as an instrument to reach consumers. The stores are able to accommodate group demand at a price lower than regular price in most circumstances but still manage to earn stable profits. The presence of regular consumers has a subtle effect on equilibrium formation, by strengthening the stores＇ power in negotiating with GB consumers to make group price weakly increase with group size. Moreover, competing stores are able to manipulate the interactions between purchase groups and collectively earn a higher total profit than a monopolist store when GB consumers account for a small fraction of market base and competition is intense.
