Despite the presence of Li F components in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formed on the graphite anode surface by conventional electrolyte,these Li F components primarily exist in an amorphous state,rendering th...Despite the presence of Li F components in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formed on the graphite anode surface by conventional electrolyte,these Li F components primarily exist in an amorphous state,rendering them incapable of effectively inhibiting the exchange reaction between lithium ions and transition metal ions in the electrolyte.Consequently,nearly all lithium ions within the SEI film are replaced by transition metal ions,resulting in an increase in interphacial impedance and a decrease in stability.Herein,we demonstrate that the SEI film,constructed by fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)additive rich in crystalline Li F,effectively inhibits the undesired Li^(+)/Co^(2+)ion exchange reaction,thereby suppressing the deposition of cobalt compounds and metallic cobalt.Furthermore,the deposited cobalt compounds exhibit enhanced structural stability and reduced catalytic activity with minimal impact on the interphacial stability of the graphite anode.Our findings reveal the crucial influence of SEI film composition and structure on the deposition and hazards associated with transition metal ions,providing valuable guidance for designing next-generation electrolytes.展开更多
ObjectiveThe thesis aims at investigating the distribution and structural characteristics of various branches in canopy of Korla fragrant pear. MethodStatistic work and analysis were conducted on the numbers and distr...ObjectiveThe thesis aims at investigating the distribution and structural characteristics of various branches in canopy of Korla fragrant pear. MethodStatistic work and analysis were conducted on the numbers and distribution characteristics of various branches in each cubic lattice by using the canopy cellular method. ResultThe results showed that： The total number of scaffold branches of evacuation layered tree shape was 97, which mainly distributed in the lower layer and middle part of the canopy; the total number of scaffold branches of open-center tree shape was 94, which mainly distributed in the lower layer and middle part of the canopy. The total number of annual branches of evacuation layered tree shape was 3 920, which mainly distributed in the middle layer and outer part of the canopy; and the total number of annual branches of the open-center tree shape was 3 183, which mainly distributed in middle layer and outer part of the canopy. The total number of perennial branches of evacuation layered tree shape was 2 184, which mainly distributed in lower layer and outer part of the canopy; the total number of perennial branches of open-center tree shape was 1 444, which mainly distributed in middle layer and outer part of the canopy. ConclusionThe total number and the distribution positions of scaffold branches in the canopy of each tree shape were basically the same. The total numbers of annual branches of the two kinds of tree shapes were different, but the distribution positions were basically the same. The total numbers and the distribution positions of perennial branches in the canopy of the two kinds of tree shapes were different.展开更多
Patterns of woody regeneration in terms of species composition and diversity were studied in mixed deciduous forest (MDF) and deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF) in Minbyin reserved forest of Lewe Township. A total of ...Patterns of woody regeneration in terms of species composition and diversity were studied in mixed deciduous forest (MDF) and deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF) in Minbyin reserved forest of Lewe Township. A total of 57 plant species of MDF belonging to 28 families and 342 individuals and 25 plant species of DDF consist of 15 families and 285 individuals were identified. Plant species diversity was quantitatively higher in the MDF (H' = 3.68) compared to the DDF (H' = 2.39). Tectona grandis showed the highest density (30), dominance (4.40 m<sup>2</sup>) and IVI (27.01) of MDF and Dipterocarpus tuberculatus also composed the highest density (109), dominance (9.02 m<sup>2</sup>) and IVI (81.87) in DDF. The smallest diameter class (10 - 20 cm) comprised with 29 species, 103 individuals in MDF and 18 species, 85 individuals in DDF. The size class distribution displayed a reverse J-shaped pattern. The largest numbers of species were concentrated in the smallest height class in both investigated forests because of height and diameter distribution is closely related. The total densities of seedlings and saplings were 1219 and 531 ha<sup>-1</sup> in MDF and 988 and 444 ha<sup>-1</sup> in DDF respectively. Although soil texture of (40 - 50 cm) and (90 - 100 cm) were sandy clay loam in mixed deciduous forest, the other layers of both investigated forests were sandy loam.展开更多
This paper proposed a new generation of high performance composite cement which is designed according to the optimization of composition and structure of cement paste and is manufactured by blending the differ ent com...This paper proposed a new generation of high performance composite cement which is designed according to the optimization of composition and structure of cement paste and is manufactured by blending the differ ent components with special composite techniques. Each of these components has its different special property, and should be compatible with each other and match each other, and the properties of them are complementary mutually. At present, such kind of high performance composite cement can be manufactured with high reactivity cement clinker, ground granulated blast - furnace slag, high grade fly ash, silica fume etc..展开更多
Based on macrobenthos collected from intertidal seagrass bed in Guangrao,Shandong Province in May 2013,the macrobenthic structure and diversity were analyzed.A total of 41 macrobenthic species were identified,among wh...Based on macrobenthos collected from intertidal seagrass bed in Guangrao,Shandong Province in May 2013,the macrobenthic structure and diversity were analyzed.A total of 41 macrobenthic species were identified,among which crustaceans were the most speciose macrobenthic taxa(16 species),followed by polychaetes(15 species)and mollusks(10 species).Seven dominant macrobenthic species were identified,including 3 species of polychaetes,2 species of crustaceans and 2 species of mollusks.The total abundance across the whole sampling area was 661.33 ind/m2.Total abundance and the abundance of Potamocorbula laevis and Heteromastus filiformis showed significant spatial variation,and the macrobenthic abundance distributed in seagrass meadows was higher than that in other areas.The results of cluster,nMDS ordination,SIMPER and IMS analyses all showed no linear correlation along the distance gradient from the seagrass meadow.Therefore,degraded seagrass can still provide detectable but limited ecological services.However,the rehabilitation of seagrass bed is essential and urgent to regain their full ecological function.展开更多
Lunar exploration is deemed crucial for uncovering the origins of the Earth-Moon system and is the first step for advancing humanity’s exploration of deep space.Over the past decade,the Chinese Lunar Exploration Prog...Lunar exploration is deemed crucial for uncovering the origins of the Earth-Moon system and is the first step for advancing humanity’s exploration of deep space.Over the past decade,the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program(CLEP),also known as the Chang’e(CE)Project,has achieved remarkable milestones.It has successfully developed and demonstrated the engineering capability required to reach and return from the lunar surface.Notably,the CE Project has made historic firsts with the landing and on-site exploration of the far side of the Moon,along with the collection of the youngest volcanic samples from the Procellarum KREEP Terrane.These achievements have significantly enhanced our understanding of lunar evolution.Building on this success,China has proposed an ambitious crewed lunar exploration strategy,aiming to return to the Moon for scientific exploration and utilization.This plan encompasses two primary phases:the first crewed lunar landing and exploration,followed by a thousand-kilometer scale scientific expedition to construct a geological cross-section across the lunar surface.Recognizing the limitations of current lunar exploration efforts and China’s engineering and technical capabilities,this paper explores the benefits of crewed lunar exploration while leveraging synergies with robotic exploration.The study refines fundamental lunar scientific questions that could lead to significant breakthroughs,considering the respective engineering and technological requirements.This research lays a crucial foundation for defining the objectives of future lunar exploration,emphasizing the importance of crewed missions and offering insights into potential advancements in lunar science.展开更多
Social engineering has posed a serious threat to cyberspace security.To protect against social engineering attacks,a fundamental work is to know what constitutes social engineering.This paper first develops a domain o...Social engineering has posed a serious threat to cyberspace security.To protect against social engineering attacks,a fundamental work is to know what constitutes social engineering.This paper first develops a domain ontology of social engineering in cybersecurity and conducts ontology evaluation by its knowledge graph application.The domain ontology defines 11 concepts of core entities that significantly constitute or affect social engineering domain,together with 22 kinds of relations describing how these entities related to each other.It provides a formal and explicit knowledge schema to understand,analyze,reuse and share domain knowledge of social engineering.Furthermore,this paper builds a knowledge graph based on 15 social engineering attack incidents and scenarios.7 knowledge graph application examples(in 6 analysis patterns)demonstrate that the ontology together with knowledge graph is useful to 1)understand and analyze social engineering attack scenario and incident,2)find the top ranked social engineering threat elements(e.g.the most exploited human vulnerabilities and most used attack mediums),3)find potential social engineering threats to victims,4)find potential targets for social engineering attackers,5)find potential attack paths from specific attacker to specific target,and 6)analyze the same origin attacks.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21972049,21573080)。
文摘Despite the presence of Li F components in the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formed on the graphite anode surface by conventional electrolyte,these Li F components primarily exist in an amorphous state,rendering them incapable of effectively inhibiting the exchange reaction between lithium ions and transition metal ions in the electrolyte.Consequently,nearly all lithium ions within the SEI film are replaced by transition metal ions,resulting in an increase in interphacial impedance and a decrease in stability.Herein,we demonstrate that the SEI film,constructed by fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)additive rich in crystalline Li F,effectively inhibits the undesired Li^(+)/Co^(2+)ion exchange reaction,thereby suppressing the deposition of cobalt compounds and metallic cobalt.Furthermore,the deposited cobalt compounds exhibit enhanced structural stability and reduced catalytic activity with minimal impact on the interphacial stability of the graphite anode.Our findings reveal the crucial influence of SEI film composition and structure on the deposition and hazards associated with transition metal ions,providing valuable guidance for designing next-generation electrolytes.
基金Supported by National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation(201304701-4)Science and Technology Planning Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Fruit Major Subjects~~
文摘ObjectiveThe thesis aims at investigating the distribution and structural characteristics of various branches in canopy of Korla fragrant pear. MethodStatistic work and analysis were conducted on the numbers and distribution characteristics of various branches in each cubic lattice by using the canopy cellular method. ResultThe results showed that： The total number of scaffold branches of evacuation layered tree shape was 97, which mainly distributed in the lower layer and middle part of the canopy; the total number of scaffold branches of open-center tree shape was 94, which mainly distributed in the lower layer and middle part of the canopy. The total number of annual branches of evacuation layered tree shape was 3 920, which mainly distributed in the middle layer and outer part of the canopy; and the total number of annual branches of the open-center tree shape was 3 183, which mainly distributed in middle layer and outer part of the canopy. The total number of perennial branches of evacuation layered tree shape was 2 184, which mainly distributed in lower layer and outer part of the canopy; the total number of perennial branches of open-center tree shape was 1 444, which mainly distributed in middle layer and outer part of the canopy. ConclusionThe total number and the distribution positions of scaffold branches in the canopy of each tree shape were basically the same. The total numbers of annual branches of the two kinds of tree shapes were different, but the distribution positions were basically the same. The total numbers and the distribution positions of perennial branches in the canopy of the two kinds of tree shapes were different.
文摘Patterns of woody regeneration in terms of species composition and diversity were studied in mixed deciduous forest (MDF) and deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF) in Minbyin reserved forest of Lewe Township. A total of 57 plant species of MDF belonging to 28 families and 342 individuals and 25 plant species of DDF consist of 15 families and 285 individuals were identified. Plant species diversity was quantitatively higher in the MDF (H' = 3.68) compared to the DDF (H' = 2.39). Tectona grandis showed the highest density (30), dominance (4.40 m<sup>2</sup>) and IVI (27.01) of MDF and Dipterocarpus tuberculatus also composed the highest density (109), dominance (9.02 m<sup>2</sup>) and IVI (81.87) in DDF. The smallest diameter class (10 - 20 cm) comprised with 29 species, 103 individuals in MDF and 18 species, 85 individuals in DDF. The size class distribution displayed a reverse J-shaped pattern. The largest numbers of species were concentrated in the smallest height class in both investigated forests because of height and diameter distribution is closely related. The total densities of seedlings and saplings were 1219 and 531 ha<sup>-1</sup> in MDF and 988 and 444 ha<sup>-1</sup> in DDF respectively. Although soil texture of (40 - 50 cm) and (90 - 100 cm) were sandy clay loam in mixed deciduous forest, the other layers of both investigated forests were sandy loam.
文摘This paper proposed a new generation of high performance composite cement which is designed according to the optimization of composition and structure of cement paste and is manufactured by blending the differ ent components with special composite techniques. Each of these components has its different special property, and should be compatible with each other and match each other, and the properties of them are complementary mutually. At present, such kind of high performance composite cement can be manufactured with high reactivity cement clinker, ground granulated blast - furnace slag, high grade fly ash, silica fume etc..
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42076156,41676139).
文摘Based on macrobenthos collected from intertidal seagrass bed in Guangrao,Shandong Province in May 2013,the macrobenthic structure and diversity were analyzed.A total of 41 macrobenthic species were identified,among which crustaceans were the most speciose macrobenthic taxa(16 species),followed by polychaetes(15 species)and mollusks(10 species).Seven dominant macrobenthic species were identified,including 3 species of polychaetes,2 species of crustaceans and 2 species of mollusks.The total abundance across the whole sampling area was 661.33 ind/m2.Total abundance and the abundance of Potamocorbula laevis and Heteromastus filiformis showed significant spatial variation,and the macrobenthic abundance distributed in seagrass meadows was higher than that in other areas.The results of cluster,nMDS ordination,SIMPER and IMS analyses all showed no linear correlation along the distance gradient from the seagrass meadow.Therefore,degraded seagrass can still provide detectable but limited ecological services.However,the rehabilitation of seagrass bed is essential and urgent to regain their full ecological function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(L2224032)the Research Project on the Discipline Development Strategy of Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XK2022DXC004).
文摘Lunar exploration is deemed crucial for uncovering the origins of the Earth-Moon system and is the first step for advancing humanity’s exploration of deep space.Over the past decade,the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program(CLEP),also known as the Chang’e(CE)Project,has achieved remarkable milestones.It has successfully developed and demonstrated the engineering capability required to reach and return from the lunar surface.Notably,the CE Project has made historic firsts with the landing and on-site exploration of the far side of the Moon,along with the collection of the youngest volcanic samples from the Procellarum KREEP Terrane.These achievements have significantly enhanced our understanding of lunar evolution.Building on this success,China has proposed an ambitious crewed lunar exploration strategy,aiming to return to the Moon for scientific exploration and utilization.This plan encompasses two primary phases:the first crewed lunar landing and exploration,followed by a thousand-kilometer scale scientific expedition to construct a geological cross-section across the lunar surface.Recognizing the limitations of current lunar exploration efforts and China’s engineering and technical capabilities,this paper explores the benefits of crewed lunar exploration while leveraging synergies with robotic exploration.The study refines fundamental lunar scientific questions that could lead to significant breakthroughs,considering the respective engineering and technological requirements.This research lays a crucial foundation for defining the objectives of future lunar exploration,emphasizing the importance of crewed missions and offering insights into potential advancements in lunar science.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0802804)the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1766215).
文摘Social engineering has posed a serious threat to cyberspace security.To protect against social engineering attacks,a fundamental work is to know what constitutes social engineering.This paper first develops a domain ontology of social engineering in cybersecurity and conducts ontology evaluation by its knowledge graph application.The domain ontology defines 11 concepts of core entities that significantly constitute or affect social engineering domain,together with 22 kinds of relations describing how these entities related to each other.It provides a formal and explicit knowledge schema to understand,analyze,reuse and share domain knowledge of social engineering.Furthermore,this paper builds a knowledge graph based on 15 social engineering attack incidents and scenarios.7 knowledge graph application examples(in 6 analysis patterns)demonstrate that the ontology together with knowledge graph is useful to 1)understand and analyze social engineering attack scenario and incident,2)find the top ranked social engineering threat elements(e.g.the most exploited human vulnerabilities and most used attack mediums),3)find potential social engineering threats to victims,4)find potential targets for social engineering attackers,5)find potential attack paths from specific attacker to specific target,and 6)analyze the same origin attacks.
