Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a native plant and valuable tonic Chinese medicine in China with a long history,great economic value and comprehensive development potential.Traditionally,the comprehensive utilization rate...Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a native plant and valuable tonic Chinese medicine in China with a long history,great economic value and comprehensive development potential.Traditionally,the comprehensive utilization rate of E.ulmoides Oliv.is still very low,only bark has been used as medicine and other parts of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.cannot be fully utilized,even the leaves have been well utilized in food products in Japan in the past decades.In order to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of E.ulmoides Oliv.,in this review,we summarized the varieties and contents of main active compounds,biological functions and pharmacological effects in different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.The findings suggest that other parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.could replace the bark of E.ulmoides Oliv.to some extent besides of their respective applications.The unique and extensive physiological functions between different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.indicate that the comprehensive utilization of E.ulmoides Oliv.has a wide space to develop,which is also an effective way to protect E.ulmoides Oliv.resources and improve its the utilization rate.展开更多
Based on practical situation of rare earth industrial chain,production process and rare earth materials that could produce solid wastes on batch were discussed.Formation cause,formation volume,composition analysis and...Based on practical situation of rare earth industrial chain,production process and rare earth materials that could produce solid wastes on batch were discussed.Formation cause,formation volume,composition analysis and comprehensive utilization of the solid wastes of rare earth hydrometallurgy slag,electrolysis slag,Fe-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,Co-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,rare earth hydrogen storage materials,rare earth polishing powders and rare earth catalysts were comprehensively introduced.Besides,some suggestions on treatment and administration on rare earth solid wastes were put forward.展开更多
Jointly published by 14 Department headed by Standardization Administraion ofChina(SAC)
Subtitle: China will formulate and reformulate 926 standards for energy conservation and comprehensive utilization durin... Jointly published by 14 Department headed by Standardization Administraion ofChina(SAC)
Subtitle: China will formulate and reformulate 926 standards for energy conservation and comprehensive utilization during 2005 and 2007.……展开更多
This paper briefly introduces resources characteristics and development advantages for Charhan salt lake;and elaborated the technology progress to increase potassium mining scale systematically,the impact of
The changes of demand and market witnessed the continuous revolution and development in the world magnesium industry.Before the 1950s,the development of magnesium mainly attached to the military industry.
Chromium salt is an important industrial material, but vast waste slag containing chrome(Ⅵ) is brought out in the process of its production. The slag is seriously harmful to environments and human health. The technol...Chromium salt is an important industrial material, but vast waste slag containing chrome(Ⅵ) is brought out in the process of its production. The slag is seriously harmful to environments and human health. The technologies on detoxification and comprehensive utilization of chromium containing slag were summarized abroad and at home. And various methods were also described for the detoxification mechanism, technology process, and practical application effects in detail. A new concept for detoxification of chromium containing slag, furthermore, was put forward by using microorganism.展开更多
Corn is a high starchy cereal crop with the highest production and provides over 85%of the starch produced worldwide.Various by-products,differentiated by technological process features such as steep liquor,corn germ,...Corn is a high starchy cereal crop with the highest production and provides over 85%of the starch produced worldwide.Various by-products,differentiated by technological process features such as steep liquor,corn germ,corn bran,gluten,are created largely during corn starch processing.They are inexpensive,nutrient-rich,and vary widely in chemical composition such as proteins,oils,carbohydrates,and minerals.In an increasingly resource-constrained modern world,the utilization approach of these by-products for non-starch industrial processing is attractive widely considering both nutritive value and economic aspects.In fact,at present,applications of these by-products can often be found in feed,fermentation,nutrient extraction and other industries.For example,protein-rich corn gluten can be used as a good animal feed,and corn germ can be used as a raw material for the high-quality edible oil industry.Undoubtedly,increasing utilization means that these by-products will no longer be treated as waste but will be transformed into high value-added products.In this work,the separation process and chemical composition of several main by-products of the corn starch industry is briefly described,and the application in many industrial fields of these by-products over the last ten years are discussed in particular.This review attempts to summarize all aspects of the application and research of these by-products.For the by-products of the corn starch industry,the most promising way is to be utilized in high value and used to produce high value-added products.According to the characteristics of their chemical composition,they have a better application prospect and research significance in the industries directly related to human beings,such as medicine,green food and health care products.In fact,in recent years,some researchers have recognized this and carried out the research.It is clear fromthese studies that the main issues to be faced nowand in the future are how to produce efficiently while maintaining the quality of the product and using it effectively.The retrospective discussions also provide some ideas for other grain and oilseed crops to be fully utilized.展开更多
A new technology was developed to recover multiple valuable elements from the spent Al2O3-based catalyst by X-ray phase analysis and exploratory experiments. The experimental results show that in the condition of roas...A new technology was developed to recover multiple valuable elements from the spent Al2O3-based catalyst by X-ray phase analysis and exploratory experiments. The experimental results show that in the condition of roasting temperature of 750℃ and roasting time of 30 min, molar ratio of Na2O to Al2O3 of 1.2, the leaching rates of alumina, vanadium and molybdenum in the spent catalyst are 97.2%, 95.8% and 98.9%, respectively. Vanadium and molybdenum in sodium aluminate solution can be recovered by precipitators A and B, and the precipitation rates of vanadium and molybdenum are 94.8% and 92.6%. Al（OH）3 was prepared from sodium aluminate solution in the carbonation decomposition process, and the purity of Al2O3 is 99.9% after calcination, the recovery of alumina reaches 90.6% in the whole process; the Ni-Co concentrate was leached by sulfuric acid, a nickel recovery of 98.2% and cobalt recovery over 98.5% can be obtained under the experimental condition of 30% H2SO4, 80℃, reaction time 4 h, mass ratio of liquid to solid 8, stirring rate 800r/min.展开更多
This paper describes and analyzes the coconut cultivation in China,and the current comprehensive utilization of waste resources generated during cultivation and processing of coconut.The wastes generated in the proces...This paper describes and analyzes the coconut cultivation in China,and the current comprehensive utilization of waste resources generated during cultivation and processing of coconut.The wastes generated in the process of cultivation include old coconut tree trunk,roots,withered coconut leaves,coconut flower and fallen cracking coconut,mainly used for biogas extraction,direct combustion and power generation,brewing,pharmacy,and processing of building materials;the wastes generated during processing include coconut water,coconut coat,coconut shell and coconut meal,mainly used for processing beverages,pharmaceutical products,activated carbon,medium and feed.This paper analyzes and explores some problems in the process of comprehensive utilization of coconut waste in China,such as insufficient understanding,inadequate development and lack of research efforts,and finally puts forth the corresponding development countermeasures.展开更多
Traditional processes for treating vanadium slag generate a huge volume of solid residue and a large amount of harmful gas,which cause serious environmental problems.In this study,a new process for the comprehensive u...Traditional processes for treating vanadium slag generate a huge volume of solid residue and a large amount of harmful gas,which cause serious environmental problems.In this study,a new process for the comprehensive utilization of vanadium slag was proposed,wherein zeolite A and a V_2O_5/TiO_2 system were synthesized.The structural properties of the as-synthesized zeolite A and the V_2O_5/TiO_2system were characterized using various experimental techniques,including X-ray diffraction,X-ray fluorescence,scanning electron microscopy,and infrared spectroscopy.The results reveal that zeolite A and the V_2O_5/TiO_2 system are successfully obtained with high purity.The results of gas adsorption measurements indicate that the prepared zeolite A exhibits high selectivity for CO_2 over N_2 and is a candidate material for CO_2 capture from flue-gas streams.展开更多
Optimization of scrap utilization,through maintaining a reasonable heavy scrap ratio,determination of scrap yield,development of substitutes for scrap,recycling of high-alloy scrap and optimization of scrap utilizatio...Optimization of scrap utilization,through maintaining a reasonable heavy scrap ratio,determination of scrap yield,development of substitutes for scrap,recycling of high-alloy scrap and optimization of scrap utilization technology,was investigated in this paper,in terms of the supply of metal materials,production cost,production quality and environment protection.Then,recycling of solid waste resources was discussed,and the utilization conditions and methods of slag-steel,slag-iron,steel-slag,etc.were determined.Finally,the management system for comprehensive resource utilization was introduced.展开更多
As the most significant water project,the Three Gorges Project (TGP) was designed to take care of multiple objectives for water utilization such as flood control,power generation and navigation.The implementation of t...As the most significant water project,the Three Gorges Project (TGP) was designed to take care of multiple objectives for water utilization such as flood control,power generation and navigation.The implementation of the project improved the flood safety level of Jingjiang reach to more than 100-year return period,which reduced greatly the flood risk at the mid-lower reaches of Changjiang River,produce huge quantity of energy for the central,east and south China,and improved significantly the navigation conditions of Chuanjiang River.Meanwhile,the operation of the TGP in dry season which compensate the downstream water resources,will as well deepen the navigation channel and thus improve the navigation conditions in the middle river reach.With the increasing demands raised from various aspects of the society,new requirements will be made for the TGP for the purpose of harnessing,development and protection of the Yangtze River Basin.Therefore,it will be a long-term task for the operation of TGP on how to optimize the water resources utilization and implement an effective operation.展开更多
Based on studies of controlling NOx from nitric acid exhaust gas domestic and abroad, this paper has developed a new technique on removal of NOx and production of a by-product with high added value-- MnO2. Experiment ...Based on studies of controlling NOx from nitric acid exhaust gas domestic and abroad, this paper has developed a new technique on removal of NOx and production of a by-product with high added value-- MnO2. Experiment shows, pyrolusite, whose valid composition is MnO2, of absorbing NOx has the following characteristics: quick, low cost, no secondary pollutant. Moreover, exhaust gas can attain the required standards. If the temperature of the pyrolusite serum is 30℃, pH=4, containing 90 g/L MnO2, the absorptivity for 3 000 mg/m3 NOx is 89.2%. Furthermore,few of the impurities in pyrolusite dissolve in the absorption mother solution. The purification cost of product is very low.The purity of end product MnO2 is more than 99. 995% after purifying. Therefore, it is workable for the new technique on economy and technology. There are also obvious environmental benefits and marked economic returns.展开更多
The steel slag at Baosteel mainly comes from basic oxygen furnaces(BOF),electric arc furnaces(EAF),continuous casting and hot metal pretreatment.The output of the steel slag at Baosteel was 4.43 Mt in 2010.The steel s...The steel slag at Baosteel mainly comes from basic oxygen furnaces(BOF),electric arc furnaces(EAF),continuous casting and hot metal pretreatment.The output of the steel slag at Baosteel was 4.43 Mt in 2010.The steel slag was utilized both within the company and across the society,and the utilization rate within the company achieved was 16%.This study describes the current status and existing problems in those technologies of treating and using steel slag,in the aspects of primary treatment,secondary treatment and advanced treatment,and it points out the development's direction.展开更多
Colloidal aluminum-chromium residue(ACR)was mass-produced in chromate production process,and the large energy consumption and high recovery cost existed in traditional methods of utilizing such ACR.To overcome those p...Colloidal aluminum-chromium residue(ACR)was mass-produced in chromate production process,and the large energy consumption and high recovery cost existed in traditional methods of utilizing such ACR.To overcome those problems,a new comprehensive method was proposed to deal with the ACR,and was proven valid in industry.In the new process,the chromate was separated firstly from the colloidal ACR by ripening and washing with additives,by which more than 95%hexavalent chromium was recovered.The chromium-free aluminum residue(CFAR),after properly dispersed,was digested at 120-130℃and more than 90% alumina can be recovered.And then the pregnant aluminate solution obtained from digestion was seeded to precipitate aluminum hydroxide.This new method can successfully recover both alumina and sodium chromate,and thus realize the comprehensive utilization of ACR from chromate industry.展开更多
Summarizes the processes and development of Baosteel slag processing techniques such as the instantaneous slag chill(ISC)process,the tank-type hot disintegrating process and the rotary drum process.A detailed introduc...Summarizes the processes and development of Baosteel slag processing techniques such as the instantaneous slag chill(ISC)process,the tank-type hot disintegrating process and the rotary drum process.A detailed introduction of the slag comprehensive utilization at Baosteel is given.The details of Baosteel's comprehensive utilization in the fields of sintering materials,returned slag for steelmaking,road construction,cement production,mixed concrete,new construction materials,ground-filling materials and reinforced material for soft earth are given.Emphasis is placed on source management and ensuring that from both organizational and managerial perspectives,Baosteel's slag processing techniques are safe and energy-saving,thus constantly demonstrating the issue of sustainable development.展开更多
Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia off...Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.展开更多
Latex wastewater is a kind of refractory organic wastewater containing high concentrations of organics and ammonia nitrogen.In this work,the combined process of forward osmosis(FO)and reverse osmosis(RO)was designed t...Latex wastewater is a kind of refractory organic wastewater containing high concentrations of organics and ammonia nitrogen.In this work,the combined process of forward osmosis(FO)and reverse osmosis(RO)was designed to treat the latex wastewater in the whole process,achieving the water recovery rate of 99%and basically no waste discharge after the catalytic oxidation process.The turbidity of the latex wastewater was decreased to below 1 NTU by microfiltration pretreatment,and then using MgCl_2 worked as the draw solution for FO process to treat the latex wastewater.Different operation conditions including adding acid or scale inhibitor as the pretreatment methods were conducted to improve the treatment performance of the combined process.After the treatment of the whole process,the concentration of COD was less than 20 mg·L^(-1),the concentration of NH_3-N was less than 10 mg·L^(-1),and the concentration of TP was less than 0.5 mg·L^(-1)for the treated latex wastewater.The water quality met standards of industrial water reuse after the complete analysis of the treated latex wastewater,meanwhile,useful substances of L-Quebrachitol(L-Q)were successfully extracted from the concentrated solution.Therefore,the combined process of FO and RO could realize the efficient treatment and reuse of latex wastewater,which provided with some important guidance on the industrial application.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Plan,China(2016YFD0400203-4).
文摘Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a native plant and valuable tonic Chinese medicine in China with a long history,great economic value and comprehensive development potential.Traditionally,the comprehensive utilization rate of E.ulmoides Oliv.is still very low,only bark has been used as medicine and other parts of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.cannot be fully utilized,even the leaves have been well utilized in food products in Japan in the past decades.In order to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of E.ulmoides Oliv.,in this review,we summarized the varieties and contents of main active compounds,biological functions and pharmacological effects in different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.The findings suggest that other parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.could replace the bark of E.ulmoides Oliv.to some extent besides of their respective applications.The unique and extensive physiological functions between different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.indicate that the comprehensive utilization of E.ulmoides Oliv.has a wide space to develop,which is also an effective way to protect E.ulmoides Oliv.resources and improve its the utilization rate.
文摘Based on practical situation of rare earth industrial chain,production process and rare earth materials that could produce solid wastes on batch were discussed.Formation cause,formation volume,composition analysis and comprehensive utilization of the solid wastes of rare earth hydrometallurgy slag,electrolysis slag,Fe-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,Co-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,rare earth hydrogen storage materials,rare earth polishing powders and rare earth catalysts were comprehensively introduced.Besides,some suggestions on treatment and administration on rare earth solid wastes were put forward.
文摘 Jointly published by 14 Department headed by Standardization Administraion ofChina(SAC)
Subtitle: China will formulate and reformulate 926 standards for energy conservation and comprehensive utilization during 2005 and 2007.……
文摘This paper briefly introduces resources characteristics and development advantages for Charhan salt lake;and elaborated the technology progress to increase potassium mining scale systematically,the impact of
基金Financial support from the "Chun Hui" project (Z 2012084) of the Ministry of Education, PR China, is greatly appreciated
文摘The changes of demand and market witnessed the continuous revolution and development in the world magnesium industry.Before the 1950s,the development of magnesium mainly attached to the military industry.
基金ProjectsupportedbytheExcellentYoungTeachersProgramofMinistryofEducation China
文摘Chromium salt is an important industrial material, but vast waste slag containing chrome(Ⅵ) is brought out in the process of its production. The slag is seriously harmful to environments and human health. The technologies on detoxification and comprehensive utilization of chromium containing slag were summarized abroad and at home. And various methods were also described for the detoxification mechanism, technology process, and practical application effects in detail. A new concept for detoxification of chromium containing slag, furthermore, was put forward by using microorganism.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Doctor Research Fund of Henan University of Technology(2020BS009)Science,Technology and Innovation in the Soybean and its Alternative Crops Chain(SQ2019YFD100114).
文摘Corn is a high starchy cereal crop with the highest production and provides over 85%of the starch produced worldwide.Various by-products,differentiated by technological process features such as steep liquor,corn germ,corn bran,gluten,are created largely during corn starch processing.They are inexpensive,nutrient-rich,and vary widely in chemical composition such as proteins,oils,carbohydrates,and minerals.In an increasingly resource-constrained modern world,the utilization approach of these by-products for non-starch industrial processing is attractive widely considering both nutritive value and economic aspects.In fact,at present,applications of these by-products can often be found in feed,fermentation,nutrient extraction and other industries.For example,protein-rich corn gluten can be used as a good animal feed,and corn germ can be used as a raw material for the high-quality edible oil industry.Undoubtedly,increasing utilization means that these by-products will no longer be treated as waste but will be transformed into high value-added products.In this work,the separation process and chemical composition of several main by-products of the corn starch industry is briefly described,and the application in many industrial fields of these by-products over the last ten years are discussed in particular.This review attempts to summarize all aspects of the application and research of these by-products.For the by-products of the corn starch industry,the most promising way is to be utilized in high value and used to produce high value-added products.According to the characteristics of their chemical composition,they have a better application prospect and research significance in the industries directly related to human beings,such as medicine,green food and health care products.In fact,in recent years,some researchers have recognized this and carried out the research.It is clear fromthese studies that the main issues to be faced nowand in the future are how to produce efficiently while maintaining the quality of the product and using it effectively.The retrospective discussions also provide some ideas for other grain and oilseed crops to be fully utilized.
基金Project(2003 UDBEA00C020) supported by the Collaborative Project of School and Province of Yunnan Province
文摘A new technology was developed to recover multiple valuable elements from the spent Al2O3-based catalyst by X-ray phase analysis and exploratory experiments. The experimental results show that in the condition of roasting temperature of 750℃ and roasting time of 30 min, molar ratio of Na2O to Al2O3 of 1.2, the leaching rates of alumina, vanadium and molybdenum in the spent catalyst are 97.2%, 95.8% and 98.9%, respectively. Vanadium and molybdenum in sodium aluminate solution can be recovered by precipitators A and B, and the precipitation rates of vanadium and molybdenum are 94.8% and 92.6%. Al（OH）3 was prepared from sodium aluminate solution in the carbonation decomposition process, and the purity of Al2O3 is 99.9% after calcination, the recovery of alumina reaches 90.6% in the whole process; the Ni-Co concentrate was leached by sulfuric acid, a nickel recovery of 98.2% and cobalt recovery over 98.5% can be obtained under the experimental condition of 30% H2SO4, 80℃, reaction time 4 h, mass ratio of liquid to solid 8, stirring rate 800r/min.
基金Supported by Hainan University Youth Foundation(qnjj1182)
文摘This paper describes and analyzes the coconut cultivation in China,and the current comprehensive utilization of waste resources generated during cultivation and processing of coconut.The wastes generated in the process of cultivation include old coconut tree trunk,roots,withered coconut leaves,coconut flower and fallen cracking coconut,mainly used for biogas extraction,direct combustion and power generation,brewing,pharmacy,and processing of building materials;the wastes generated during processing include coconut water,coconut coat,coconut shell and coconut meal,mainly used for processing beverages,pharmaceutical products,activated carbon,medium and feed.This paper analyzes and explores some problems in the process of comprehensive utilization of coconut waste in China,such as insufficient understanding,inadequate development and lack of research efforts,and finally puts forth the corresponding development countermeasures.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51406029 and 51474067)the Key Laboratory Project of Liaoning Province of Education (No.LZ2015032)
文摘Traditional processes for treating vanadium slag generate a huge volume of solid residue and a large amount of harmful gas,which cause serious environmental problems.In this study,a new process for the comprehensive utilization of vanadium slag was proposed,wherein zeolite A and a V_2O_5/TiO_2 system were synthesized.The structural properties of the as-synthesized zeolite A and the V_2O_5/TiO_2system were characterized using various experimental techniques,including X-ray diffraction,X-ray fluorescence,scanning electron microscopy,and infrared spectroscopy.The results reveal that zeolite A and the V_2O_5/TiO_2 system are successfully obtained with high purity.The results of gas adsorption measurements indicate that the prepared zeolite A exhibits high selectivity for CO_2 over N_2 and is a candidate material for CO_2 capture from flue-gas streams.
文摘Optimization of scrap utilization,through maintaining a reasonable heavy scrap ratio,determination of scrap yield,development of substitutes for scrap,recycling of high-alloy scrap and optimization of scrap utilization technology,was investigated in this paper,in terms of the supply of metal materials,production cost,production quality and environment protection.Then,recycling of solid waste resources was discussed,and the utilization conditions and methods of slag-steel,slag-iron,steel-slag,etc.were determined.Finally,the management system for comprehensive resource utilization was introduced.
文摘As the most significant water project,the Three Gorges Project (TGP) was designed to take care of multiple objectives for water utilization such as flood control,power generation and navigation.The implementation of the project improved the flood safety level of Jingjiang reach to more than 100-year return period,which reduced greatly the flood risk at the mid-lower reaches of Changjiang River,produce huge quantity of energy for the central,east and south China,and improved significantly the navigation conditions of Chuanjiang River.Meanwhile,the operation of the TGP in dry season which compensate the downstream water resources,will as well deepen the navigation channel and thus improve the navigation conditions in the middle river reach.With the increasing demands raised from various aspects of the society,new requirements will be made for the TGP for the purpose of harnessing,development and protection of the Yangtze River Basin.Therefore,it will be a long-term task for the operation of TGP on how to optimize the water resources utilization and implement an effective operation.
基金Supported by the Key Research Program Fundation of the Education Bureau of Sichuan Province in China(1999127)
文摘Based on studies of controlling NOx from nitric acid exhaust gas domestic and abroad, this paper has developed a new technique on removal of NOx and production of a by-product with high added value-- MnO2. Experiment shows, pyrolusite, whose valid composition is MnO2, of absorbing NOx has the following characteristics: quick, low cost, no secondary pollutant. Moreover, exhaust gas can attain the required standards. If the temperature of the pyrolusite serum is 30℃, pH=4, containing 90 g/L MnO2, the absorptivity for 3 000 mg/m3 NOx is 89.2%. Furthermore,few of the impurities in pyrolusite dissolve in the absorption mother solution. The purification cost of product is very low.The purity of end product MnO2 is more than 99. 995% after purifying. Therefore, it is workable for the new technique on economy and technology. There are also obvious environmental benefits and marked economic returns.
文摘The steel slag at Baosteel mainly comes from basic oxygen furnaces(BOF),electric arc furnaces(EAF),continuous casting and hot metal pretreatment.The output of the steel slag at Baosteel was 4.43 Mt in 2010.The steel slag was utilized both within the company and across the society,and the utilization rate within the company achieved was 16%.This study describes the current status and existing problems in those technologies of treating and using steel slag,in the aspects of primary treatment,secondary treatment and advanced treatment,and it points out the development's direction.
文摘Colloidal aluminum-chromium residue(ACR)was mass-produced in chromate production process,and the large energy consumption and high recovery cost existed in traditional methods of utilizing such ACR.To overcome those problems,a new comprehensive method was proposed to deal with the ACR,and was proven valid in industry.In the new process,the chromate was separated firstly from the colloidal ACR by ripening and washing with additives,by which more than 95%hexavalent chromium was recovered.The chromium-free aluminum residue(CFAR),after properly dispersed,was digested at 120-130℃and more than 90% alumina can be recovered.And then the pregnant aluminate solution obtained from digestion was seeded to precipitate aluminum hydroxide.This new method can successfully recover both alumina and sodium chromate,and thus realize the comprehensive utilization of ACR from chromate industry.
文摘Summarizes the processes and development of Baosteel slag processing techniques such as the instantaneous slag chill(ISC)process,the tank-type hot disintegrating process and the rotary drum process.A detailed introduction of the slag comprehensive utilization at Baosteel is given.The details of Baosteel's comprehensive utilization in the fields of sintering materials,returned slag for steelmaking,road construction,cement production,mixed concrete,new construction materials,ground-filling materials and reinforced material for soft earth are given.Emphasis is placed on source management and ensuring that from both organizational and managerial perspectives,Baosteel's slag processing techniques are safe and energy-saving,thus constantly demonstrating the issue of sustainable development.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2019YFC1906601)China the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(C12021A04111)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ13-YQ-040).
文摘Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22125802 and 22108012)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (2222017)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (BUCTRC-202109)。
文摘Latex wastewater is a kind of refractory organic wastewater containing high concentrations of organics and ammonia nitrogen.In this work,the combined process of forward osmosis(FO)and reverse osmosis(RO)was designed to treat the latex wastewater in the whole process,achieving the water recovery rate of 99%and basically no waste discharge after the catalytic oxidation process.The turbidity of the latex wastewater was decreased to below 1 NTU by microfiltration pretreatment,and then using MgCl_2 worked as the draw solution for FO process to treat the latex wastewater.Different operation conditions including adding acid or scale inhibitor as the pretreatment methods were conducted to improve the treatment performance of the combined process.After the treatment of the whole process,the concentration of COD was less than 20 mg·L^(-1),the concentration of NH_3-N was less than 10 mg·L^(-1),and the concentration of TP was less than 0.5 mg·L^(-1)for the treated latex wastewater.The water quality met standards of industrial water reuse after the complete analysis of the treated latex wastewater,meanwhile,useful substances of L-Quebrachitol(L-Q)were successfully extracted from the concentrated solution.Therefore,the combined process of FO and RO could realize the efficient treatment and reuse of latex wastewater,which provided with some important guidance on the industrial application.
