OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Xinglouchengqi(XLCQ) decoction in treatment of acute ischemic stroke with constipation.METHODS: In this prospective, multicenter, assessor-blinded, randomized contr...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Xinglouchengqi(XLCQ) decoction in treatment of acute ischemic stroke with constipation.METHODS: In this prospective, multicenter, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 360 eligible participants will be randomized to the XLCQ group or the control group. Participants in the XLCQ group will receive XLCQ decoction, while those in the control group will undergo clysis therapy using glycerin enemas or oral administration of lactulose solution. Both groups will undergo a treatment period of(5 ± 2) d and a 1-month follow-up.The primary outcome measure will be the Constipation Scale score. The secondary outcome measures will include scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) Stroke Scale, the Diagnostic Scale for TCM Syndromes of Ischemic Stroke and TCM Scale for Syndrome of Phlegm-heat and Fu-organ Excess.Therapeutic mechanism outcomes and safety outcomes will also be assessed. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, at the end of the treatment period, and at the follow-up. Moreover, daily visits will be scheduled to grade the status of constipation during the treatment period.DISCUSSION: The results of this study will provide scientific and objective data with which to assess the efficacy and safety of XLCQ decoction for patients with acute ischemic stroke and constipation.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of Taijiquan practice on knee proprioception in patients with knee osteoarthritis(OA).METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing Taijiquan with a control conditio...OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of Taijiquan practice on knee proprioception in patients with knee osteoarthritis(OA).METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing Taijiquan with a control condition(wellness education) in patients with knee OA. The patients participated in either a 60-min Taijiquan session three times weekly or a 60-min weekly educational session, for 24 consecutive weeks. The primary outcomes were changes in knee proprioception. Secondary outcomes were changes in the Western Ontario and Mc Master University Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC).RESULTS: After 24 weeks, compared with the control group, the Taijiquan group demonstrated better improvements in the joint position sense in knee flexion(left:-2.12°; right:-2.02°), and knee extension(left:-2.22°; right:-1.54°). In addition,the Taijiquan group showed significantly greater improvements in the WOMAC scores(P < 0.05) for knee pain(left:-3.17 points; right:-3.74 points),stiffness(left:-2.43 points; right:-2.13 points),and physical function(left:-10.99 points; right:-8.00 points), compared with the control group.CONCLUSION: A 24-week Taijiquan practice resulted in a significant improvement in knee proprioception in patients with knee OA. The present findings add increasing evidence regarding the clinical benefits of Taijiquan as a therapeutic modality for patients to improve the reflex protection of knee joints against potentially harmful forces.展开更多
This paper presents an asynchronous output-feed-back control strategy of semi-Markovian systems via sliding mode-based learning technique.Compared with most literature results that require exact prior knowledge of sys...This paper presents an asynchronous output-feed-back control strategy of semi-Markovian systems via sliding mode-based learning technique.Compared with most literature results that require exact prior knowledge of system state and mode information,an asynchronous output-feedback sliding sur-face is adopted in the case of incompletely available state and non-synchronization phenomenon.The holonomic dynamics of the sliding mode are characterized by a descriptor system in which the switching surface is regarded as the fast subsystem and the system dynamics are viewed as the slow subsystem.Based upon the co-occurrence of two subsystems,the sufficient stochastic admissibility criterion of the holonomic dynamics is derived by utilizing the characteristics of cumulative distribution functions.Furthermore,a recursive learning controller is formulated to guarantee the reachability of the sliding manifold and realize the chattering reduction of the asynchronous switching and sliding motion.Finally,the proposed theoretical method is substantia-ted through two numerical simulations with the practical contin-uous stirred tank reactor and F-404 aircraft engine model,respectively.展开更多
Three big field projects, independent irrigation and drainage facilities, and a blocking net, which are auxiliary projects of a green planting and breeding pattern composed of rice and red swamp crawfish （Procambarus...Three big field projects, independent irrigation and drainage facilities, and a blocking net, which are auxiliary projects of a green planting and breeding pattern composed of rice and red swamp crawfish （Procambarus clarkii）, spatial and temporal coupling technology of ＂planting rice in one season and breeding red swamp crawfish in three seasons＂, green fertilization technology, green prevention and control technology, control technology of water level, and throwing technology of bait in Lixiahe region of Jiangsu Province were introduced successively, which can provide technical support for the development of ecological planting and breeding patterns and realization of green production in paddy fields.展开更多
Two-phase anaerobic digestion process is influenced by acid control for hydrogen production, reaction temperature, substrate detention time, sludge activity, and granular formation. Al of these technological parameter...Two-phase anaerobic digestion process is influenced by acid control for hydrogen production, reaction temperature, substrate detention time, sludge activity, and granular formation. Al of these technological parameters are directly related to success or failure of the system operation and treatment effect.展开更多
Abstract-The ineffective utilization of power resources has attracted much attention in current years. This paper proposes a real-time distributed load scheduling algorithm considering constraints of power supply. Fir...Abstract-The ineffective utilization of power resources has attracted much attention in current years. This paper proposes a real-time distributed load scheduling algorithm considering constraints of power supply. Firstly, an objective function is designed based on the constraint, and a base load forecasting model is established when aggregating renewable generation and non-deferrable load into a power system, which aims to transform the problem of deferrable loads scheduling into a distributed optimal control problem. Then, to optimize the objective function, a real-time scheduling algorithm is presented to solve the proposed control problem. At every time step, the purpose is to minimize the variance of differences between power supply and aggregate load, which can thus ensure the effective utilization of power resources. Finally, simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
We consider first order quasilinear hyperbolic systems with vertical characteristics. It was shown in [4] that such systems can be exactly controllable with the help of internal controls applied to the equations corr...We consider first order quasilinear hyperbolic systems with vertical characteristics. It was shown in [4] that such systems can be exactly controllable with the help of internal controls applied to the equations corresponding to zero eigenvalues. However, it is possible that, for physical or engineering reasons, we can not put any control on the equations corresponding to zero eigenvalues. In this paper, we will establish the exact controllability only by means of physically meaningfnl internal controls applied to the equations corresponding to non-zero eigenvalues. We also show the exact controllability for a very simplified model by means of switching controls.展开更多
A control system aims at vibration reduction in a two-span rotor system with two shear mode magnetorheological （MRF） dampers is designed. A finite element model of the MRF damper- rotor system is built and used to a...A control system aims at vibration reduction in a two-span rotor system with two shear mode magnetorheological （MRF） dampers is designed. A finite element model of the MRF damper- rotor system is built and used to analyze the rotor vibration characteristics. Based on Hooke and Jeeves algorithm and the numerical simulation analysis, an optimal appropriate controller is proposed and designed. Experimental results show that rotor vibration caused by unbalance is well controlled （ first critical speed region 37% , second critical speed region 42% ）. To reflect advantages of optimi- zing strategy presented and validate the intelligent optimization control technology, detailed experi- ments were developed on a two-span rotor-vibration-control platform. The influence on accuracy, rapidity and stability of optimizing control for rotor vibration are analyzed. It provides a powerful technical support for the extension and application in target and control for shafting vibration.展开更多
We investigate a new cluster projective synchronization （CPS） scheme in time-varying delay coupled complex dynamical networks with nonidentical nodes. Based on the community structure of the networks, the controller...We investigate a new cluster projective synchronization （CPS） scheme in time-varying delay coupled complex dynamical networks with nonidentical nodes. Based on the community structure of the networks, the controllers are designed differently for the nodes in one community, which have direct connections to the nodes in the other communities and the nodes without direct connections to the nodes in the other communities. Some sufficient criteria are derived to ensure the nodes in the same group projectively synchronize and there is also projective synchronization between nodes in different groups. Particularly, the weight configuration matrix is not assumed to be symmetric or irreducible. The numerical simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.展开更多
Dynamic Models for predicting the concentration profiles of the reactants and product in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor for the transesterification of used cooking oil (triglyceride) to biodiesel has been developed...Dynamic Models for predicting the concentration profiles of the reactants and product in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor for the transesterification of used cooking oil (triglyceride) to biodiesel has been developed using the principle of conservation of mass. The developed system of differential equations were integrated numerically using fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm embedded in ode 45 solver of 7.5 Mathlab program. The models were validated by solving the model equations with kinetic data and other relevant data from literatures. The results and trends were similar and in agreement with those from these literatures. Simulations of the reactor to (±) step changes in the inlet flowrates of the reactants (used cooking oil and methanol) showed great effect on biodiesel production, (instability—oscillations and reduction in output concentration of biodiesel). A feedback control strategy was developed with a Proportional-Integral (PI) Controller and a close loop model was developed for control studies. The closed loop response of the reactor output (biodiesel concentration) showed continuous oscillatory response with offset. Hence the controller parameters (proportional gain <em>K</em><em><sub>c</sub></em> and integral time <img src="Edit_b22777c4-287e-4ff4-a82a-0b5c9393b5ab.bmp" alt="" />) were tuned using the “On-Line Trial and Error Method” implemented using MathLab Simulink to obtain optimum values that ensured quick stability of the closed-loop system, reduced or no oscillatory response and no offset. The optimum controller parameters were: proportional gain <em style="white-space:normal;">K</em><em style="white-space:normal;"><sub>c</sub></em> =8.306 and integral time <img src="Edit_7ad87ff7-7563-48b0-865b-70efc6c433cd.bmp" alt="" />= 17.157 minutes. <p> <br /> </p>展开更多
In this paper, the design of a proportional integral controller (PIC) plus fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for the negative output elementary super lift Luo converter (NOESLLC) operated in discontinuous conduction mode (...In this paper, the design of a proportional integral controller (PIC) plus fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for the negative output elementary super lift Luo converter (NOESLLC) operated in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is presented. In spite of the many benefits viz. the high voltage transfer gain, the high efficiency, and the reduced inductor current and the capacitor voltage ripples, it natured with non-minimum phase. This characteristic makes the control of NOESLLC cumbersome. Any attempt of direct controlling the output voltage may erupt to instability. To overcome this problem, indirect regulation of the output voltage based on the two-loop controller is devised. The savvy in the inductor current control improves the dynamic response of the output voltage. The FLC is designed for the outer (voltage) loop while the inner (current) loop is controlled by the PIC. For the developed ?19.6 V NOESLLC, the dynamic performances for different perturbations (line, load and component variations) are obtained for PIC plus FLC and compared with PIC plus PIC. The study of two cases is performed at various operating regions by developing the MATLAB/Simulink model.展开更多
Phase change materials have attracted significant attention owing to their promising applications in many aspects.However,it is seriously restricted by some drawbacks such as obvious leakage,relatively low thermal con...Phase change materials have attracted significant attention owing to their promising applications in many aspects.However,it is seriously restricted by some drawbacks such as obvious leakage,relatively low thermal conductivity,and easily flame properties.Herein,a novel flame retardant form-stable composite phase change material(CPCM)with polyethylene glycol/epoxy resin/expanded graphite/magnesium hydroxide/zinc hydroxide(PEG/ER/EG/MH/ZH)has been successfully prepared and utilized in the battery module.The addition of MH and ZH(MH:ZH=1:2)as flame retardant additions can not only greatly improve the flame retardant effect but also maintain the physical and mechanical properties of the polymer.Further,the EG(5%)can provide the graphitization degree of residual char which is beneficial to building a more protective barrier.This designation of CPCM can exhibit leakage-proof,high thermal conductivity(increasing 400%-500%)and prominent flammable retardant performance.Especially at 3C discharge rate,the maximum temperature is controlled below 54.2℃and the temperature difference is maintained within 2.2℃in the battery module,which presents a superior thermal management effect.This work suggests an efficient and feasible approach toward exploiting a multifunctional phase change material for thermal management systems for electric vehicles and energy storage fields.展开更多
This paper develops an event-triggered resilient consensus control method for the nonlinear multiple unmanned systems with a data-based autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)agent state prediction mechanism a...This paper develops an event-triggered resilient consensus control method for the nonlinear multiple unmanned systems with a data-based autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)agent state prediction mechanism against periodic denial-of-service(Do S)attacks.The state predictor is used to predict the state of neighbor agents during periodic Do S attacks and maintain consistent control of multiple unmanned systems under Do S attacks.Considering the existing prediction error between the actual state and the predicted state,the estimated error is regarded as the uncertainty system disturbance,which is dealt with by the designed disturbance observer.The estimated result is used in the design of the consistent controller to compensate for the system uncertainty error term.Furthermore,this paper investigates dynamic event-triggered consensus controllers to improve resilience and consensus under periodic Do S attacks and reduce the frequency of actuator output changes.It is proved that the Zeno behavior can be excluded.Finally,the resilience and consensus capability of the proposed controller and the superiority of introducing a state predictor are demonstrated through numerical simulations.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of Kuntai capsule and hormone replacement therapy in treatment of perimenopausal syndrome.METHODS: Articles were retrieved from the databases Cochrane Database of Syst...OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of Kuntai capsule and hormone replacement therapy in treatment of perimenopausal syndrome.METHODS: Articles were retrieved from the databases Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,Pub Med, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang Database. Only randomized controlled trials were included; 15 trials involving1243 patients were identified from January 2005 to April 2015. A systemic review and Meta-analysis of publications was performed. The review was limit-ed to randomized controlled trials that compared Kuntai capsule and hormone replacement therapy to treat perimenopausal syndrome for at least 3months. The primary outcome assessed was the treatment efficacy at 3 months, including effective rate of Kupperman menopausal scores, Kupperman menopausal scores, and blood estradiol(E2) or blood follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) levels.Other outcomes assessed were safety or adverse events, such as gastrointestinal complaints, breast distending pain, or vaginal bleeding.RESULTS: Kupperman menopausal scores showed no significant difference in effective rate [odds ratio(OR): 1.05, 95% confidence intervals(CI): 0.71 to1.55] and changes in FSH level [mean difference(MD): 2.14, 95% CI:-2.36 to 6.65]. There was a significant statistical difference in Kupperman menopausal scores(MD:-1.14, 95% CI:-2.03 to-0.25)and changes in E2level(MD:-16.41, 95% CI:-18.83to-13.69). There were fewer adverse events in the Kuntai capsule group than in the hormone replacement therapy group(OR: = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.25 to0.48, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Compared with hormone replacement therapy, Kuntai capsule can improve perimenopausal symptoms and blood E2 levels, and reduce the incidence of adverse events.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine(CPM) with the principle of tonifying Qi, promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis, and resolving phlegm(TQ-PBC-RP)in the management o...OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine(CPM) with the principle of tonifying Qi, promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis, and resolving phlegm(TQ-PBC-RP)in the management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) identified from electronic databases and print was conducted. RCTs testing CPMs with TQ-PBC-RP against any type of controlled intervention in patients with stable COPD and assessing clinically relevant outcomes were included. Methodological quality was evaluated with the risk of bias tool according to systematic review handbook 5.0.2. Quality of evidence was estimatedby the rating approach developed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development,and Evaluation Working Group.RESULTS: Thirteen eligible RCTs with 12 oral CPMs were tested. Significant differences between groups in favor of CPMs were not reported in all trials. Most trials included were deemed to be of low methodological quality with poor evidence quality.Because of large data heterogeneity, statistical pooling was not performed for all outcomes.CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of CPM in the treatment of stable COPD is not supported by evidence. Currently, evidence from RCTs is scarce and methodologically weak. Considering the popularity of CPMs among patients undergoing COPD, rigorously designed trials are warranted.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation （TENS） through acupoints on the intraocular pressure （lOP） in patients with glaucoma. METHODS： A single-blinded, randomized ex...OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation （TENS） through acupoints on the intraocular pressure （lOP） in patients with glaucoma. METHODS： A single-blinded, randomized experimental design study was conducted. Patients from the North of Taipei Ophthalmology outpatient department diagnosed with intraocular hypertension were selected and were further enrolled if they met the research subject criteria. The patients who met all criteria, and who met no exclusion criteria became the participants. Participants were randomly assigned into the treated group, wherein the TENS electrodes （Qing Ming Medical Device Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, China） were applied with direct current （DC） on the acupoints Pucan （BL 61） and Shenmai （BL 62） for 20 min. The control group received no TENS electrode treatments. Measurements of lOP were taken four times using a pneumotonometer （Clinico Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, China）, before, immediately after, 30 min after, and 60 min after TENS electrode treatments. RESULTS： Eighty-two participants completed the experiment, lOP decreased more in the group treated with DC （P 〈 0.01） than in the control group.The lOPs were not affected by the age of the patients and their usage of medications. CONCLUSION： TENS of acupoints of Pucan （BL 61） and Shenmai （BL 62） could significantly reduce the lOP in patients with glaucoma.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Shenmai injection for shock.METHODS: Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that evaluated the therapeutic effect of Shenmai injection on shock(including septic shock, ...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Shenmai injection for shock.METHODS: Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that evaluated the therapeutic effect of Shenmai injection on shock(including septic shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, neurogenic shock and anaphylactic shock) were included in this analysis. The major electronic databases were searched until May 2015. The methodological quality of the trials was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were applied for data analysis.RESULTS: Thirty RCTs involving 2038 participants were included. The methodological quality of the trials was generally passable. The combined use of Shenmai injection and conventional medicine was significantly more effective at managing shock compared to conventional medicine alone in the outcomes of total effective rate [risk ratio(RR 1.25,95% confidence interval(CI) 1.18 to 1.31] and mortality rate [risk difference(RD)-0.10, 95% CI-0.17 to-0.02]. Likewise, improvements were observed in other metrics. Three trials reported adverse events, but no trial reported serious adverse effects.CONCLUSION: Our results indicated the potential effectiveness of Shenmai injection combined with conventional medicine treatment for shock. However, further rigorously designed trials are needed to collect and weigh up all the evidence for the use of Shenmai injection.展开更多
Chitosan/α,β-glycerophosphate （CS/α,β-GP） thermo-sensitive hydrogels presented flowable solution state at low temperature and semisolid hydrogel when the ambient temperature increased. In this research, differen...Chitosan/α,β-glycerophosphate （CS/α,β-GP） thermo-sensitive hydrogels presented flowable solution state at low temperature and semisolid hydrogel when the ambient temperature increased. In this research, different concentrations of metronida- zole encapsulated, CS and α,β-GP, as well as different acid solvents, were chosen to evaluate their influences on the drug release behaviors from CS/α,β-GP hydrogels. It was found that there was a sustaining release during the first 3 h followed by a plateau. SEM images showed that drugs were located both on the surface and in the interior of hydrogels. The optimal preparation conditions of this hydrogel for drug release were as follows： 1.8% （w/v） CS in HAc solvent, 5.6% （w/v） a, 13-GP and 5g/L metronidazole encapsulation. Cytotoxicity evaluation found no toxic effect. In order to control the release rate, 2.5 g/L chitosan microspheres with spherical shape and smooth surface were incorporated, and it was found that the initial release process was alleviated, while drug concentration had no obvious effect on the release rate. It could be concluded that the metronidzole release behaviors could be optimized according to practical applica- tions.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-year Plan Period of the People's Republic of China:Heritage Study on the Special Therapeutic Principles and Methods of Famous Experts in Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2013BAI13B022)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Xinglouchengqi(XLCQ) decoction in treatment of acute ischemic stroke with constipation.METHODS: In this prospective, multicenter, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 360 eligible participants will be randomized to the XLCQ group or the control group. Participants in the XLCQ group will receive XLCQ decoction, while those in the control group will undergo clysis therapy using glycerin enemas or oral administration of lactulose solution. Both groups will undergo a treatment period of(5 ± 2) d and a 1-month follow-up.The primary outcome measure will be the Constipation Scale score. The secondary outcome measures will include scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) Stroke Scale, the Diagnostic Scale for TCM Syndromes of Ischemic Stroke and TCM Scale for Syndrome of Phlegm-heat and Fu-organ Excess.Therapeutic mechanism outcomes and safety outcomes will also be assessed. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, at the end of the treatment period, and at the follow-up. Moreover, daily visits will be scheduled to grade the status of constipation during the treatment period.DISCUSSION: The results of this study will provide scientific and objective data with which to assess the efficacy and safety of XLCQ decoction for patients with acute ischemic stroke and constipation.
基金Supported by the Shanghai City Committee of Science and Technology Key Project,Evaluation of Nerve and Muscle Function after Taijiquan Practice for Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis(No.12490503200)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,Effect of exercise on the sub-health of physical inactivity adults(No.13ZS020)Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Evaluation of Taijiquan and Tuina Therapy on Knee Osteoarthritis(No.2014YSN48)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of Taijiquan practice on knee proprioception in patients with knee osteoarthritis(OA).METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing Taijiquan with a control condition(wellness education) in patients with knee OA. The patients participated in either a 60-min Taijiquan session three times weekly or a 60-min weekly educational session, for 24 consecutive weeks. The primary outcomes were changes in knee proprioception. Secondary outcomes were changes in the Western Ontario and Mc Master University Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC).RESULTS: After 24 weeks, compared with the control group, the Taijiquan group demonstrated better improvements in the joint position sense in knee flexion(left:-2.12°; right:-2.02°), and knee extension(left:-2.22°; right:-1.54°). In addition,the Taijiquan group showed significantly greater improvements in the WOMAC scores(P < 0.05) for knee pain(left:-3.17 points; right:-3.74 points),stiffness(left:-2.43 points; right:-2.13 points),and physical function(left:-10.99 points; right:-8.00 points), compared with the control group.CONCLUSION: A 24-week Taijiquan practice resulted in a significant improvement in knee proprioception in patients with knee OA. The present findings add increasing evidence regarding the clinical benefits of Taijiquan as a therapeutic modality for patients to improve the reflex protection of knee joints against potentially harmful forces.
基金supported in part by the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of China(62222317)the National Science Foundation of China(62303492)+3 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects in Hunan Province(2021GK1030)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022WZ1001)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(2023GK2023)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(2024ZZTS0116)。
文摘This paper presents an asynchronous output-feed-back control strategy of semi-Markovian systems via sliding mode-based learning technique.Compared with most literature results that require exact prior knowledge of system state and mode information,an asynchronous output-feedback sliding sur-face is adopted in the case of incompletely available state and non-synchronization phenomenon.The holonomic dynamics of the sliding mode are characterized by a descriptor system in which the switching surface is regarded as the fast subsystem and the system dynamics are viewed as the slow subsystem.Based upon the co-occurrence of two subsystems,the sufficient stochastic admissibility criterion of the holonomic dynamics is derived by utilizing the characteristics of cumulative distribution functions.Furthermore,a recursive learning controller is formulated to guarantee the reachability of the sliding manifold and realize the chattering reduction of the asynchronous switching and sliding motion.Finally,the proposed theoretical method is substantia-ted through two numerical simulations with the practical contin-uous stirred tank reactor and F-404 aircraft engine model,respectively.
基金Supported by Gaoyou Demonstration and Extension Base of Modern Agricultural(Rice and Wheat)Industrial Technology System in Jiangsu(SXGC[2017]168)Funds for Independent Innovation of Jiangsu Province(CX17(2007),KF(17)1022)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Plan Project(BE2017332)Agricultural Standardization Pilot Project of Jiangsu Province([2017]46)~~
文摘Three big field projects, independent irrigation and drainage facilities, and a blocking net, which are auxiliary projects of a green planting and breeding pattern composed of rice and red swamp crawfish （Procambarus clarkii）, spatial and temporal coupling technology of ＂planting rice in one season and breeding red swamp crawfish in three seasons＂, green fertilization technology, green prevention and control technology, control technology of water level, and throwing technology of bait in Lixiahe region of Jiangsu Province were introduced successively, which can provide technical support for the development of ecological planting and breeding patterns and realization of green production in paddy fields.
基金Supported by Yunnan S&T Innovation Platform Construction Project(2013DH041)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51366015)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20135303110001)~~
文摘Two-phase anaerobic digestion process is influenced by acid control for hydrogen production, reaction temperature, substrate detention time, sludge activity, and granular formation. Al of these technological parameters are directly related to success or failure of the system operation and treatment effect.
文摘Abstract-The ineffective utilization of power resources has attracted much attention in current years. This paper proposes a real-time distributed load scheduling algorithm considering constraints of power supply. Firstly, an objective function is designed based on the constraint, and a base load forecasting model is established when aggregating renewable generation and non-deferrable load into a power system, which aims to transform the problem of deferrable loads scheduling into a distributed optimal control problem. Then, to optimize the objective function, a real-time scheduling algorithm is presented to solve the proposed control problem. At every time step, the purpose is to minimize the variance of differences between power supply and aggregate load, which can thus ensure the effective utilization of power resources. Finally, simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
文摘We consider first order quasilinear hyperbolic systems with vertical characteristics. It was shown in [4] that such systems can be exactly controllable with the help of internal controls applied to the equations corresponding to zero eigenvalues. However, it is possible that, for physical or engineering reasons, we can not put any control on the equations corresponding to zero eigenvalues. In this paper, we will establish the exact controllability only by means of physically meaningfnl internal controls applied to the equations corresponding to non-zero eigenvalues. We also show the exact controllability for a very simplified model by means of switching controls.
基金Supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973Program)(2012CB026000)Ph.D Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(20110010110009)
文摘A control system aims at vibration reduction in a two-span rotor system with two shear mode magnetorheological （MRF） dampers is designed. A finite element model of the MRF damper- rotor system is built and used to analyze the rotor vibration characteristics. Based on Hooke and Jeeves algorithm and the numerical simulation analysis, an optimal appropriate controller is proposed and designed. Experimental results show that rotor vibration caused by unbalance is well controlled （ first critical speed region 37% , second critical speed region 42% ）. To reflect advantages of optimi- zing strategy presented and validate the intelligent optimization control technology, detailed experi- ments were developed on a two-span rotor-vibration-control platform. The influence on accuracy, rapidity and stability of optimizing control for rotor vibration are analyzed. It provides a powerful technical support for the extension and application in target and control for shafting vibration.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 70871056 and 71271103)the Six Talents Peak Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘We investigate a new cluster projective synchronization （CPS） scheme in time-varying delay coupled complex dynamical networks with nonidentical nodes. Based on the community structure of the networks, the controllers are designed differently for the nodes in one community, which have direct connections to the nodes in the other communities and the nodes without direct connections to the nodes in the other communities. Some sufficient criteria are derived to ensure the nodes in the same group projectively synchronize and there is also projective synchronization between nodes in different groups. Particularly, the weight configuration matrix is not assumed to be symmetric or irreducible. The numerical simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
文摘Dynamic Models for predicting the concentration profiles of the reactants and product in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor for the transesterification of used cooking oil (triglyceride) to biodiesel has been developed using the principle of conservation of mass. The developed system of differential equations were integrated numerically using fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm embedded in ode 45 solver of 7.5 Mathlab program. The models were validated by solving the model equations with kinetic data and other relevant data from literatures. The results and trends were similar and in agreement with those from these literatures. Simulations of the reactor to (±) step changes in the inlet flowrates of the reactants (used cooking oil and methanol) showed great effect on biodiesel production, (instability—oscillations and reduction in output concentration of biodiesel). A feedback control strategy was developed with a Proportional-Integral (PI) Controller and a close loop model was developed for control studies. The closed loop response of the reactor output (biodiesel concentration) showed continuous oscillatory response with offset. Hence the controller parameters (proportional gain <em>K</em><em><sub>c</sub></em> and integral time <img src="Edit_b22777c4-287e-4ff4-a82a-0b5c9393b5ab.bmp" alt="" />) were tuned using the “On-Line Trial and Error Method” implemented using MathLab Simulink to obtain optimum values that ensured quick stability of the closed-loop system, reduced or no oscillatory response and no offset. The optimum controller parameters were: proportional gain <em style="white-space:normal;">K</em><em style="white-space:normal;"><sub>c</sub></em> =8.306 and integral time <img src="Edit_7ad87ff7-7563-48b0-865b-70efc6c433cd.bmp" alt="" />= 17.157 minutes. <p> <br /> </p>
文摘In this paper, the design of a proportional integral controller (PIC) plus fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for the negative output elementary super lift Luo converter (NOESLLC) operated in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is presented. In spite of the many benefits viz. the high voltage transfer gain, the high efficiency, and the reduced inductor current and the capacitor voltage ripples, it natured with non-minimum phase. This characteristic makes the control of NOESLLC cumbersome. Any attempt of direct controlling the output voltage may erupt to instability. To overcome this problem, indirect regulation of the output voltage based on the two-loop controller is devised. The savvy in the inductor current control improves the dynamic response of the output voltage. The FLC is designed for the outer (voltage) loop while the inner (current) loop is controlled by the PIC. For the developed ?19.6 V NOESLLC, the dynamic performances for different perturbations (line, load and component variations) are obtained for PIC plus FLC and compared with PIC plus PIC. The study of two cases is performed at various operating regions by developing the MATLAB/Simulink model.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province(2022A1515010161)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515130008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51977062).
文摘Phase change materials have attracted significant attention owing to their promising applications in many aspects.However,it is seriously restricted by some drawbacks such as obvious leakage,relatively low thermal conductivity,and easily flame properties.Herein,a novel flame retardant form-stable composite phase change material(CPCM)with polyethylene glycol/epoxy resin/expanded graphite/magnesium hydroxide/zinc hydroxide(PEG/ER/EG/MH/ZH)has been successfully prepared and utilized in the battery module.The addition of MH and ZH(MH:ZH=1:2)as flame retardant additions can not only greatly improve the flame retardant effect but also maintain the physical and mechanical properties of the polymer.Further,the EG(5%)can provide the graphitization degree of residual char which is beneficial to building a more protective barrier.This designation of CPCM can exhibit leakage-proof,high thermal conductivity(increasing 400%-500%)and prominent flammable retardant performance.Especially at 3C discharge rate,the maximum temperature is controlled below 54.2℃and the temperature difference is maintained within 2.2℃in the battery module,which presents a superior thermal management effect.This work suggests an efficient and feasible approach toward exploiting a multifunctional phase change material for thermal management systems for electric vehicles and energy storage fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61833013,62003162,62233009)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Nos.BK20200416,BK20222012)+5 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020TQ0151,2020M681590)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.NS2021025)Industry-University Research Innovation Foundation for the Chinese Ministry of Education(No.2021ZYA02005)Science and Technology on Space Intelligent Control Laboratory(No.HTKJ2022KL502015)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.20200007018001)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
文摘This paper develops an event-triggered resilient consensus control method for the nonlinear multiple unmanned systems with a data-based autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)agent state prediction mechanism against periodic denial-of-service(Do S)attacks.The state predictor is used to predict the state of neighbor agents during periodic Do S attacks and maintain consistent control of multiple unmanned systems under Do S attacks.Considering the existing prediction error between the actual state and the predicted state,the estimated error is regarded as the uncertainty system disturbance,which is dealt with by the designed disturbance observer.The estimated result is used in the design of the consistent controller to compensate for the system uncertainty error term.Furthermore,this paper investigates dynamic event-triggered consensus controllers to improve resilience and consensus under periodic Do S attacks and reduce the frequency of actuator output changes.It is proved that the Zeno behavior can be excluded.Finally,the resilience and consensus capability of the proposed controller and the superiority of introducing a state predictor are demonstrated through numerical simulations.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of Kuntai capsule and hormone replacement therapy in treatment of perimenopausal syndrome.METHODS: Articles were retrieved from the databases Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,Pub Med, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang Database. Only randomized controlled trials were included; 15 trials involving1243 patients were identified from January 2005 to April 2015. A systemic review and Meta-analysis of publications was performed. The review was limit-ed to randomized controlled trials that compared Kuntai capsule and hormone replacement therapy to treat perimenopausal syndrome for at least 3months. The primary outcome assessed was the treatment efficacy at 3 months, including effective rate of Kupperman menopausal scores, Kupperman menopausal scores, and blood estradiol(E2) or blood follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) levels.Other outcomes assessed were safety or adverse events, such as gastrointestinal complaints, breast distending pain, or vaginal bleeding.RESULTS: Kupperman menopausal scores showed no significant difference in effective rate [odds ratio(OR): 1.05, 95% confidence intervals(CI): 0.71 to1.55] and changes in FSH level [mean difference(MD): 2.14, 95% CI:-2.36 to 6.65]. There was a significant statistical difference in Kupperman menopausal scores(MD:-1.14, 95% CI:-2.03 to-0.25)and changes in E2level(MD:-16.41, 95% CI:-18.83to-13.69). There were fewer adverse events in the Kuntai capsule group than in the hormone replacement therapy group(OR: = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.25 to0.48, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Compared with hormone replacement therapy, Kuntai capsule can improve perimenopausal symptoms and blood E2 levels, and reduce the incidence of adverse events.
基金Supported by International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2011DFA32750)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine(CPM) with the principle of tonifying Qi, promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis, and resolving phlegm(TQ-PBC-RP)in the management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) identified from electronic databases and print was conducted. RCTs testing CPMs with TQ-PBC-RP against any type of controlled intervention in patients with stable COPD and assessing clinically relevant outcomes were included. Methodological quality was evaluated with the risk of bias tool according to systematic review handbook 5.0.2. Quality of evidence was estimatedby the rating approach developed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development,and Evaluation Working Group.RESULTS: Thirteen eligible RCTs with 12 oral CPMs were tested. Significant differences between groups in favor of CPMs were not reported in all trials. Most trials included were deemed to be of low methodological quality with poor evidence quality.Because of large data heterogeneity, statistical pooling was not performed for all outcomes.CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of CPM in the treatment of stable COPD is not supported by evidence. Currently, evidence from RCTs is scarce and methodologically weak. Considering the popularity of CPMs among patients undergoing COPD, rigorously designed trials are warranted.
文摘OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation （TENS） through acupoints on the intraocular pressure （lOP） in patients with glaucoma. METHODS： A single-blinded, randomized experimental design study was conducted. Patients from the North of Taipei Ophthalmology outpatient department diagnosed with intraocular hypertension were selected and were further enrolled if they met the research subject criteria. The patients who met all criteria, and who met no exclusion criteria became the participants. Participants were randomly assigned into the treated group, wherein the TENS electrodes （Qing Ming Medical Device Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, China） were applied with direct current （DC） on the acupoints Pucan （BL 61） and Shenmai （BL 62） for 20 min. The control group received no TENS electrode treatments. Measurements of lOP were taken four times using a pneumotonometer （Clinico Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, China）, before, immediately after, 30 min after, and 60 min after TENS electrode treatments. RESULTS： Eighty-two participants completed the experiment, lOP decreased more in the group treated with DC （P 〈 0.01） than in the control group.The lOPs were not affected by the age of the patients and their usage of medications. CONCLUSION： TENS of acupoints of Pucan （BL 61） and Shenmai （BL 62） could significantly reduce the lOP in patients with glaucoma.
基金Supported by the Program for Zhejiang Leading Team of Science and Technology Innovation(No.2011R50021)Medical Research Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2015RCB011)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Shenmai injection for shock.METHODS: Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that evaluated the therapeutic effect of Shenmai injection on shock(including septic shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, neurogenic shock and anaphylactic shock) were included in this analysis. The major electronic databases were searched until May 2015. The methodological quality of the trials was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were applied for data analysis.RESULTS: Thirty RCTs involving 2038 participants were included. The methodological quality of the trials was generally passable. The combined use of Shenmai injection and conventional medicine was significantly more effective at managing shock compared to conventional medicine alone in the outcomes of total effective rate [risk ratio(RR 1.25,95% confidence interval(CI) 1.18 to 1.31] and mortality rate [risk difference(RD)-0.10, 95% CI-0.17 to-0.02]. Likewise, improvements were observed in other metrics. Three trials reported adverse events, but no trial reported serious adverse effects.CONCLUSION: Our results indicated the potential effectiveness of Shenmai injection combined with conventional medicine treatment for shock. However, further rigorously designed trials are needed to collect and weigh up all the evidence for the use of Shenmai injection.
文摘Chitosan/α,β-glycerophosphate （CS/α,β-GP） thermo-sensitive hydrogels presented flowable solution state at low temperature and semisolid hydrogel when the ambient temperature increased. In this research, different concentrations of metronida- zole encapsulated, CS and α,β-GP, as well as different acid solvents, were chosen to evaluate their influences on the drug release behaviors from CS/α,β-GP hydrogels. It was found that there was a sustaining release during the first 3 h followed by a plateau. SEM images showed that drugs were located both on the surface and in the interior of hydrogels. The optimal preparation conditions of this hydrogel for drug release were as follows： 1.8% （w/v） CS in HAc solvent, 5.6% （w/v） a, 13-GP and 5g/L metronidazole encapsulation. Cytotoxicity evaluation found no toxic effect. In order to control the release rate, 2.5 g/L chitosan microspheres with spherical shape and smooth surface were incorporated, and it was found that the initial release process was alleviated, while drug concentration had no obvious effect on the release rate. It could be concluded that the metronidzole release behaviors could be optimized according to practical applica- tions.
