The objectives of this paper are to （I） quantify the effects of age and other key factors on bridge deterioration rates, and （2） provide bridge managers with strategic forecasting tools. A model for forecasting su...The objectives of this paper are to （I） quantify the effects of age and other key factors on bridge deterioration rates, and （2） provide bridge managers with strategic forecasting tools. A model for forecasting substructure conditionisestimated from the National Bridge Inventory that includes the effects of bridge material, design load, structural type, operating rating, average daily traffic, water, and the state where the bridge is located. Bridge age is the quantitative independent variable. The relationship between age and substructure condition is a fourth-order polynomial. Some of the key findings are： （I） a bridge substructure is expected to lose from 0.52 to 0.11 rating points per decade as it ages from 10 to 70 years; （2） levels of deterioration increase significantly as the material changes from concrete, to steel, to timber; （3） slab bridges have lower levels of deterioration than other structures; （4） bridges that span water have lower condition ratings; （5） bridges with higher operating ratingshave higher condition ratings; and （6） substructure condition ratings vary significantly among states.展开更多
针对电气化铁道电能质量存在的负序、谐波和无功问题,借鉴日本模式,提出了基于新型YNvd平衡变压器的电铁功率调节器RPC(railway static power conditioner)。为了适应牵引负荷高电压、大容量的需求,RPC主要由2个背靠背的单相二极管箝位...针对电气化铁道电能质量存在的负序、谐波和无功问题,借鉴日本模式,提出了基于新型YNvd平衡变压器的电铁功率调节器RPC(railway static power conditioner)。为了适应牵引负荷高电压、大容量的需求,RPC主要由2个背靠背的单相二极管箝位型五电平电压源变流器构成,可以实现有功平衡、无功补偿和谐波抑制,使得牵引供电系统相对电力系统而言是一个三相对称纯阻性网络。此外还采用一种新颖的辅助稳压电路来解决二极管箝位多电平结构固有的直流侧电容均压问题。最后用Matlab/Simulink仿真验证了该方案的可行性。展开更多
This paper presents a novel and efficient control scheme for unified power quality conditioner （UPQC） based on three-level neutral point clamped （NPC） inverter using fuzzy logic techniques. The proposed UPQC is ca...This paper presents a novel and efficient control scheme for unified power quality conditioner （UPQC） based on three-level neutral point clamped （NPC） inverter using fuzzy logic techniques. The proposed UPQC is capable of mitigating source current harmonics and compensate all voltage disturbances such as voltage sags, swells, unbalances and harmonics. It is designed by the integration of series and shunt active filters （AFs） sharing a common DC bus capacitor. The DC voltage is maintained constant using proportional integral voltage controller. The synchronous reference frame （SRF） theory is used to get the reference signals for shunt active power filters （APFs） and the power reactive theory （p-q theory） for series APFs. The shunt and series APF reference signals derived from the control algorithm and sensed signals are injected in two controllers to generate switching signals. To improve the UPQC capability, fuzzy logic techniques are introduced to control the series APF. The performances of the proposed UPQC system are evaluated in terms of power factor correction, mitigation of voltage or current harmonics and all other voltage disturbances compensation using Matlab-Simulink software and SimPowerSystem toolbox. The simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed UPQC at the common connection point of the nonlinear load to improve the power energy quality.展开更多
文摘The objectives of this paper are to （I） quantify the effects of age and other key factors on bridge deterioration rates, and （2） provide bridge managers with strategic forecasting tools. A model for forecasting substructure conditionisestimated from the National Bridge Inventory that includes the effects of bridge material, design load, structural type, operating rating, average daily traffic, water, and the state where the bridge is located. Bridge age is the quantitative independent variable. The relationship between age and substructure condition is a fourth-order polynomial. Some of the key findings are： （I） a bridge substructure is expected to lose from 0.52 to 0.11 rating points per decade as it ages from 10 to 70 years; （2） levels of deterioration increase significantly as the material changes from concrete, to steel, to timber; （3） slab bridges have lower levels of deterioration than other structures; （4） bridges that span water have lower condition ratings; （5） bridges with higher operating ratingshave higher condition ratings; and （6） substructure condition ratings vary significantly among states.
文摘针对电气化铁道电能质量存在的负序、谐波和无功问题,借鉴日本模式,提出了基于新型YNvd平衡变压器的电铁功率调节器RPC(railway static power conditioner)。为了适应牵引负荷高电压、大容量的需求,RPC主要由2个背靠背的单相二极管箝位型五电平电压源变流器构成,可以实现有功平衡、无功补偿和谐波抑制,使得牵引供电系统相对电力系统而言是一个三相对称纯阻性网络。此外还采用一种新颖的辅助稳压电路来解决二极管箝位多电平结构固有的直流侧电容均压问题。最后用Matlab/Simulink仿真验证了该方案的可行性。
文摘This paper presents a novel and efficient control scheme for unified power quality conditioner （UPQC） based on three-level neutral point clamped （NPC） inverter using fuzzy logic techniques. The proposed UPQC is capable of mitigating source current harmonics and compensate all voltage disturbances such as voltage sags, swells, unbalances and harmonics. It is designed by the integration of series and shunt active filters （AFs） sharing a common DC bus capacitor. The DC voltage is maintained constant using proportional integral voltage controller. The synchronous reference frame （SRF） theory is used to get the reference signals for shunt active power filters （APFs） and the power reactive theory （p-q theory） for series APFs. The shunt and series APF reference signals derived from the control algorithm and sensed signals are injected in two controllers to generate switching signals. To improve the UPQC capability, fuzzy logic techniques are introduced to control the series APF. The performances of the proposed UPQC system are evaluated in terms of power factor correction, mitigation of voltage or current harmonics and all other voltage disturbances compensation using Matlab-Simulink software and SimPowerSystem toolbox. The simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed UPQC at the common connection point of the nonlinear load to improve the power energy quality.
