O2O industry is surging in 2015,while 020 companies face fiercer competition.Though those startups got several rounds of financing,they still need to solve different problems one by one and move on.1Vicious competitio...O2O industry is surging in 2015,while 020 companies face fiercer competition.Though those startups got several rounds of financing,they still need to solve different problems one by one and move on.1Vicious competitionHunter poaching bears the brunt to become the most severe challenge for O2O entrepreneurs.展开更多
The widespread application of new technologies,while empowering women with new opportunities,might also put them at disadvantage.For example,in comparison with males,the application of AI might be more likely to cost ...The widespread application of new technologies,while empowering women with new opportunities,might also put them at disadvantage.For example,in comparison with males,the application of AI might be more likely to cost them their jobs.Meanwhile,women are missing out the opportunity to participate in the policy-making process–they are absent from the table.If no change is made in the current policies,we will miss the goal to achieve gender equality,the fifth of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals set for UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,warned elite women scientists with the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World(OWSD).What shall be done now?How can we make a difference?They are in action to help.展开更多
The scale of ground-to-air confrontation task assignments is large and needs to deal with many concurrent task assignments and random events.Aiming at the problems where existing task assignment methods are applied to...The scale of ground-to-air confrontation task assignments is large and needs to deal with many concurrent task assignments and random events.Aiming at the problems where existing task assignment methods are applied to ground-to-air confrontation,there is low efficiency in dealing with complex tasks,and there are interactive conflicts in multiagent systems.This study proposes a multiagent architecture based on a one-general agent with multiple narrow agents(OGMN)to reduce task assignment conflicts.Considering the slow speed of traditional dynamic task assignment algorithms,this paper proposes the proximal policy optimization for task assignment of general and narrow agents(PPOTAGNA)algorithm.The algorithm based on the idea of the optimal assignment strategy algorithm and combined with the training framework of deep reinforcement learning(DRL)adds a multihead attention mechanism and a stage reward mechanism to the bilateral band clipping PPO algorithm to solve the problem of low training efficiency.Finally,simulation experiments are carried out in the digital battlefield.The multiagent architecture based on OGMN combined with the PPO-TAGNA algorithm can obtain higher rewards faster and has a higher win ratio.By analyzing agent behavior,the efficiency,superiority and rationality of resource utilization of this method are verified.展开更多
The direct cause for the voidance of economic policy is that the government has ignored the game behavior of the microeconomy.Only if we formulate and implement policy strictly according to the game rules can it be pr...The direct cause for the voidance of economic policy is that the government has ignored the game behavior of the microeconomy.Only if we formulate and implement policy strictly according to the game rules can it be promoted to realize its desired objective.展开更多
Traditional honeypot is in fact a "passive proactive" defense mechanism because it may lose the value entirely once the adversary has detected the existence of the static trap and bypassed it.Our work focuse...Traditional honeypot is in fact a "passive proactive" defense mechanism because it may lose the value entirely once the adversary has detected the existence of the static trap and bypassed it.Our work focuses on a Self-Election dynamic honeypot framework which aims to bewilder attackers by coordinating and switching roles periodically to form a huge dynamic puzzle.In this paper,we discuss the UDP Spokesman synchronization scheme and the Self-Election coordination method,perform the framework simulation of the dynamic array honeypot with NS2,carry out the prototype implementation by Java,and then validate the effectiveness and feasibility on the simulation and prototype system.The promising results of applying this framework to mitigate the effects of attacks are shown and analyzed.Our work demonstrates that the Self-Election dynamic array honeypot system is feasible and effective for proactive network confrontation.展开更多
According to the requirements of the live-virtual-constructive(LVC)tactical confrontation(TC)on the virtual entity(VE)decision model of graded combat capability,diversified actions,real-time decision-making,and genera...According to the requirements of the live-virtual-constructive(LVC)tactical confrontation(TC)on the virtual entity(VE)decision model of graded combat capability,diversified actions,real-time decision-making,and generalization for the enemy,the confrontation process is modeled as a zero-sum stochastic game(ZSG).By introducing the theory of dynamic relative power potential field,the problem of reward sparsity in the model can be solved.By reward shaping,the problem of credit assignment between agents can be solved.Based on the idea of meta-learning,an extensible multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(EMADRL)framework and solving method is proposed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of model solving.Experiments show that the model meets the requirements well and the algorithm learning efficiency is high.展开更多
The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber is a quintessential Hemingway tale of one man's attempt to overcome an in ternal struggle by mastering the external world. Francis Macomber discovers his own bravery and st...The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber is a quintessential Hemingway tale of one man's attempt to overcome an in ternal struggle by mastering the external world. Francis Macomber discovers his own bravery and strength when he ignores his self-consciousness and relies on instinct. This essay will examine Hemingway's code and how it confronts nada thus analyze Macomber's change from innocent to suffering to aware.展开更多
Rising Groundwater in Oued-Souf valley is result to errors committed by human in their interventions on the ecosystems and the mismanagement of this resource, witch principally marked in overexploitation of depth grou...Rising Groundwater in Oued-Souf valley is result to errors committed by human in their interventions on the ecosystems and the mismanagement of this resource, witch principally marked in overexploitation of depth groundwater and the used sewerage system, leading the region to a truly dramatic and almost desperate, palms were turned into sort of marshes, where reeds take the place of dead palm trees. This situation lead us to search a model of water resources management, according to sustainability criteria taking into account the socio-economic (social, agricultural, industrial, tourism ) and ecosystem aspects (environmental and territorial). This by adapting and implementing the Integrated Management of Water Resources (IMWR) in this unit of water resources, so as to guide and mobilize progressively human, informational, financial and material resources, as well as the various sectors private and public to research concrete and measurable results, for water and ecosystems those are associated and that people wanted to see protected and restored.展开更多
This paper examined the prioritized climate-smart agricultural practices by smallholder farmers,the motivations of adopting climate-smart agricultural practices,the enablers to the successful adoption of climate-smart...This paper examined the prioritized climate-smart agricultural practices by smallholder farmers,the motivations of adopting climate-smart agricultural practices,the enablers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices,and the barriers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices in the transitional and savannah agroecological zones of Ghana.Specifically,we employed ethnographic research using participatory approaches,including two stakeholder workshops and household surveys with 1061 households in the transitional and savannah agroecological zones of Ghana.The weighted average index(WAI)and problem confrontation index(PCI)were used to rank smallholder farmers’perceived enablers to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices and the barriers affecting climate-smart agricultural practices,respectively.Results suggest that the majority of the respondents used a suite of climate-smart agricultural practices,including the timely harvesting of produce and storage,emergency seed banking,appropriate and timely weed and pest control,and early planting as practices to build climate resilience.The majority of smallholder farmers primarily employed climate-smart agricultural practices to improve household food security(96.2%),reduce pests and diseases(95.6%),and obtain higher yields and greater farm income(93.2%).Findings also show that secured land tenure system arrangement,understanding the effects of climate change,and access to sustainable agricultural technologies were ranked the first,second,and third most important enablers to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices with the WAI values of 2.86,2.75,and 2.70,respectively.Key barriers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices included incidences of pests and diseases(PCI=2530),inadequate access to agricultural credit(PCI=2502),high cost of improved crop varieties(PCI=2334),and limited government support with farm inputs(PCI=2296).Smallholder farmers need to be better supported through the provision of appropriate institutional and policy arrangements together with improved land management extension advice to overcome these barriers and facilitate the more effective implementation of climate-smart agricultural practices in Ghana.展开更多
In this paper, as a new contribution to the tensor-centric warfare (TCW) series [1] [2] [3] [4], we extend the kinetic TCW-framework to include non-kinetic effects, by addressing a general systems confrontation [5], w...In this paper, as a new contribution to the tensor-centric warfare (TCW) series [1] [2] [3] [4], we extend the kinetic TCW-framework to include non-kinetic effects, by addressing a general systems confrontation [5], which is waged not only in the traditional physical Air-Land-Sea domains, but also simultaneously across multiple non-physical domains, including cyberspace and social networks. Upon this basis, this paper attempts to address a more general analytical scenario using rigorous topological methods to introduce a two-level topological representation of modern armed conflict;in doing so, it extends from the traditional red-blue model of conflict to a red-blue-green model, where green represents various neutral elements as active factions;indeed, green can effectively decide the outcomes from red-blue conflict. System confrontations at various stages of the scenario will be defined by the non-equilibrium phase transitions which are superficially characterized by sudden entropy growth. These will be shown to have the underlying topology changes of the systems-battlespace. The two-level topological analysis of the systems-battlespace is utilized to address the question of topology changes in the combined battlespace. Once an intuitive analysis of the combined battlespace topology is performed, a rigorous topological analysis follows using (co)homological invariants of the combined systems-battlespace manifold.展开更多
The Robotics Wushu Competition is a robotics competition that integrates intelligent robotics technology with traditional Chinese Wushu culture,maker spirit,and ideas.It is a highly confrontational and ornamental proj...The Robotics Wushu Competition is a robotics competition that integrates intelligent robotics technology with traditional Chinese Wushu culture,maker spirit,and ideas.It is a highly confrontational and ornamental project in robotics competitions.This paper discusses the current situation,development status,and project settings of the Robotics Wushu Competition in the three major national competitions,focusing on the interpretation of several major projects,such as humanoid autonomous fighting,body-feeling humanoid fighting,wheeled autonomous fighting,visual confrontation,and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)confrontation.Finally,suggestions are proposed to support the regular holding and development of the Robotics Wushu Competition.展开更多
The Buried Giant by Kazuo Ishiguro begins with an elderly couple who start a quest for the past memory which disap pears under the spell of the she-dragon Querig.During,individual confrontations and collective revenge...The Buried Giant by Kazuo Ishiguro begins with an elderly couple who start a quest for the past memory which disap pears under the spell of the she-dragon Querig.During,individual confrontations and collective revenges work together to disclose the dark secrets that have been withheld.At the same time,it probes into the problem of forgiveness:can forced forgetting enable individuals or collectives forget their dark history for either love or peace?Based on the analysis of the individual and collective memories embodied in the novel,the present paper by virtue of Paul Ricoeur’s theory of abuses of memory,especially forced forget ting exhumes Ishiguro’s critical attitude towards forced forgetting,which ignores the threatening elements of love and peace like vi olent revenge and betrayal.展开更多
The Rocking Horse Winner displays a story about a young boy who desperately wanted to make enough money to satisfy his mother's desire for wealth, and finally sacrificed his life in picking the winner in horse rac...The Rocking Horse Winner displays a story about a young boy who desperately wanted to make enough money to satisfy his mother's desire for wealth, and finally sacrificed his life in picking the winner in horse races to fill in the hole of her mother's greediness. The Rocking-Horse Winner is a sardonic tale employing devices of the fairy tale and a mockingly detached tone to teach the value of love and the dangers of money. Itshows Lawrence's distain for conspicuous consumption, crass materialism,and an emotionally distant style of parenting during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. This paper analyzes the tale from a structural perspective. Through a structural exploration in personality, personal relationships, and a grand opposing framework, this paper reveals the plot development and the theme.展开更多
Intelligent confrontation has become a vital technology for future air combats.Confrontation games between a penetrating aircraft and an intercepting aircraft are essential for modern air combats.In addition,the perfo...Intelligent confrontation has become a vital technology for future air combats.Confrontation games between a penetrating aircraft and an intercepting aircraft are essential for modern air combats.In addition,the perfor-mance indexes of both the interceptor and penetrator must be considered.Traditional methods only solve one side’s guidance problem without considering the intelligence of the opponent.In this paper,an adaptive heuristic dynamic programming-based algorithm is proposed for aircraft confrontation games.This algorithm constructs a heuristic dynamic programming model for both confrontation aircraft and then updates the critical and ac-tion network parameters using the dynamic confrontation state information.Numerical simulations indicate that the proposed algorithm can optimize the guidance law for both the interceptor and penetrator and is therefore superior to traditional proportional navigation methods.展开更多
文摘O2O industry is surging in 2015,while 020 companies face fiercer competition.Though those startups got several rounds of financing,they still need to solve different problems one by one and move on.1Vicious competitionHunter poaching bears the brunt to become the most severe challenge for O2O entrepreneurs.
文摘The widespread application of new technologies,while empowering women with new opportunities,might also put them at disadvantage.For example,in comparison with males,the application of AI might be more likely to cost them their jobs.Meanwhile,women are missing out the opportunity to participate in the policy-making process–they are absent from the table.If no change is made in the current policies,we will miss the goal to achieve gender equality,the fifth of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals set for UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,warned elite women scientists with the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World(OWSD).What shall be done now?How can we make a difference?They are in action to help.
基金the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62106283)the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72001214)to provide fund for conducting experimentsthe Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2020JQ-484)。
文摘The scale of ground-to-air confrontation task assignments is large and needs to deal with many concurrent task assignments and random events.Aiming at the problems where existing task assignment methods are applied to ground-to-air confrontation,there is low efficiency in dealing with complex tasks,and there are interactive conflicts in multiagent systems.This study proposes a multiagent architecture based on a one-general agent with multiple narrow agents(OGMN)to reduce task assignment conflicts.Considering the slow speed of traditional dynamic task assignment algorithms,this paper proposes the proximal policy optimization for task assignment of general and narrow agents(PPOTAGNA)algorithm.The algorithm based on the idea of the optimal assignment strategy algorithm and combined with the training framework of deep reinforcement learning(DRL)adds a multihead attention mechanism and a stage reward mechanism to the bilateral band clipping PPO algorithm to solve the problem of low training efficiency.Finally,simulation experiments are carried out in the digital battlefield.The multiagent architecture based on OGMN combined with the PPO-TAGNA algorithm can obtain higher rewards faster and has a higher win ratio.By analyzing agent behavior,the efficiency,superiority and rationality of resource utilization of this method are verified.
文摘The direct cause for the voidance of economic policy is that the government has ignored the game behavior of the microeconomy.Only if we formulate and implement policy strictly according to the game rules can it be promoted to realize its desired objective.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60973141the Foundation of Excellent Young Scientist of Shandong Province under Grant No. BS2009DX019the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. 27R0907018A
文摘Traditional honeypot is in fact a "passive proactive" defense mechanism because it may lose the value entirely once the adversary has detected the existence of the static trap and bypassed it.Our work focuses on a Self-Election dynamic honeypot framework which aims to bewilder attackers by coordinating and switching roles periodically to form a huge dynamic puzzle.In this paper,we discuss the UDP Spokesman synchronization scheme and the Self-Election coordination method,perform the framework simulation of the dynamic array honeypot with NS2,carry out the prototype implementation by Java,and then validate the effectiveness and feasibility on the simulation and prototype system.The promising results of applying this framework to mitigate the effects of attacks are shown and analyzed.Our work demonstrates that the Self-Election dynamic array honeypot system is feasible and effective for proactive network confrontation.
基金supported by the Military Scentific Research Project(41405030302,41401020301).
文摘According to the requirements of the live-virtual-constructive(LVC)tactical confrontation(TC)on the virtual entity(VE)decision model of graded combat capability,diversified actions,real-time decision-making,and generalization for the enemy,the confrontation process is modeled as a zero-sum stochastic game(ZSG).By introducing the theory of dynamic relative power potential field,the problem of reward sparsity in the model can be solved.By reward shaping,the problem of credit assignment between agents can be solved.Based on the idea of meta-learning,an extensible multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(EMADRL)framework and solving method is proposed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of model solving.Experiments show that the model meets the requirements well and the algorithm learning efficiency is high.
文摘The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber is a quintessential Hemingway tale of one man's attempt to overcome an in ternal struggle by mastering the external world. Francis Macomber discovers his own bravery and strength when he ignores his self-consciousness and relies on instinct. This essay will examine Hemingway's code and how it confronts nada thus analyze Macomber's change from innocent to suffering to aware.
文摘Rising Groundwater in Oued-Souf valley is result to errors committed by human in their interventions on the ecosystems and the mismanagement of this resource, witch principally marked in overexploitation of depth groundwater and the used sewerage system, leading the region to a truly dramatic and almost desperate, palms were turned into sort of marshes, where reeds take the place of dead palm trees. This situation lead us to search a model of water resources management, according to sustainability criteria taking into account the socio-economic (social, agricultural, industrial, tourism ) and ecosystem aspects (environmental and territorial). This by adapting and implementing the Integrated Management of Water Resources (IMWR) in this unit of water resources, so as to guide and mobilize progressively human, informational, financial and material resources, as well as the various sectors private and public to research concrete and measurable results, for water and ecosystems those are associated and that people wanted to see protected and restored.
基金the Future Leaders-African Independent Research(FLAIR)Fellowships funded by the Royal Society,London(FLR\R1\201640).
文摘This paper examined the prioritized climate-smart agricultural practices by smallholder farmers,the motivations of adopting climate-smart agricultural practices,the enablers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices,and the barriers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices in the transitional and savannah agroecological zones of Ghana.Specifically,we employed ethnographic research using participatory approaches,including two stakeholder workshops and household surveys with 1061 households in the transitional and savannah agroecological zones of Ghana.The weighted average index(WAI)and problem confrontation index(PCI)were used to rank smallholder farmers’perceived enablers to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices and the barriers affecting climate-smart agricultural practices,respectively.Results suggest that the majority of the respondents used a suite of climate-smart agricultural practices,including the timely harvesting of produce and storage,emergency seed banking,appropriate and timely weed and pest control,and early planting as practices to build climate resilience.The majority of smallholder farmers primarily employed climate-smart agricultural practices to improve household food security(96.2%),reduce pests and diseases(95.6%),and obtain higher yields and greater farm income(93.2%).Findings also show that secured land tenure system arrangement,understanding the effects of climate change,and access to sustainable agricultural technologies were ranked the first,second,and third most important enablers to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices with the WAI values of 2.86,2.75,and 2.70,respectively.Key barriers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices included incidences of pests and diseases(PCI=2530),inadequate access to agricultural credit(PCI=2502),high cost of improved crop varieties(PCI=2334),and limited government support with farm inputs(PCI=2296).Smallholder farmers need to be better supported through the provision of appropriate institutional and policy arrangements together with improved land management extension advice to overcome these barriers and facilitate the more effective implementation of climate-smart agricultural practices in Ghana.
文摘In this paper, as a new contribution to the tensor-centric warfare (TCW) series [1] [2] [3] [4], we extend the kinetic TCW-framework to include non-kinetic effects, by addressing a general systems confrontation [5], which is waged not only in the traditional physical Air-Land-Sea domains, but also simultaneously across multiple non-physical domains, including cyberspace and social networks. Upon this basis, this paper attempts to address a more general analytical scenario using rigorous topological methods to introduce a two-level topological representation of modern armed conflict;in doing so, it extends from the traditional red-blue model of conflict to a red-blue-green model, where green represents various neutral elements as active factions;indeed, green can effectively decide the outcomes from red-blue conflict. System confrontations at various stages of the scenario will be defined by the non-equilibrium phase transitions which are superficially characterized by sudden entropy growth. These will be shown to have the underlying topology changes of the systems-battlespace. The two-level topological analysis of the systems-battlespace is utilized to address the question of topology changes in the combined battlespace. Once an intuitive analysis of the combined battlespace topology is performed, a rigorous topological analysis follows using (co)homological invariants of the combined systems-battlespace manifold.
基金The 2020 Education and Teaching Research Project of Beijing University of Technology(Project Number:ER2020B009)。
文摘The Robotics Wushu Competition is a robotics competition that integrates intelligent robotics technology with traditional Chinese Wushu culture,maker spirit,and ideas.It is a highly confrontational and ornamental project in robotics competitions.This paper discusses the current situation,development status,and project settings of the Robotics Wushu Competition in the three major national competitions,focusing on the interpretation of several major projects,such as humanoid autonomous fighting,body-feeling humanoid fighting,wheeled autonomous fighting,visual confrontation,and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)confrontation.Finally,suggestions are proposed to support the regular holding and development of the Robotics Wushu Competition.
文摘The Buried Giant by Kazuo Ishiguro begins with an elderly couple who start a quest for the past memory which disap pears under the spell of the she-dragon Querig.During,individual confrontations and collective revenges work together to disclose the dark secrets that have been withheld.At the same time,it probes into the problem of forgiveness:can forced forgetting enable individuals or collectives forget their dark history for either love or peace?Based on the analysis of the individual and collective memories embodied in the novel,the present paper by virtue of Paul Ricoeur’s theory of abuses of memory,especially forced forget ting exhumes Ishiguro’s critical attitude towards forced forgetting,which ignores the threatening elements of love and peace like vi olent revenge and betrayal.
文摘The Rocking Horse Winner displays a story about a young boy who desperately wanted to make enough money to satisfy his mother's desire for wealth, and finally sacrificed his life in picking the winner in horse races to fill in the hole of her mother's greediness. The Rocking-Horse Winner is a sardonic tale employing devices of the fairy tale and a mockingly detached tone to teach the value of love and the dangers of money. Itshows Lawrence's distain for conspicuous consumption, crass materialism,and an emotionally distant style of parenting during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. This paper analyzes the tale from a structural perspective. Through a structural exploration in personality, personal relationships, and a grand opposing framework, this paper reveals the plot development and the theme.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Founda-tion(Grant No.2020M681750).
文摘Intelligent confrontation has become a vital technology for future air combats.Confrontation games between a penetrating aircraft and an intercepting aircraft are essential for modern air combats.In addition,the perfor-mance indexes of both the interceptor and penetrator must be considered.Traditional methods only solve one side’s guidance problem without considering the intelligence of the opponent.In this paper,an adaptive heuristic dynamic programming-based algorithm is proposed for aircraft confrontation games.This algorithm constructs a heuristic dynamic programming model for both confrontation aircraft and then updates the critical and ac-tion network parameters using the dynamic confrontation state information.Numerical simulations indicate that the proposed algorithm can optimize the guidance law for both the interceptor and penetrator and is therefore superior to traditional proportional navigation methods.
