A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of ...A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of the dependence of repayment on each agent itself and the choice of other agents.Utilizing the idea of DAI,the intellectual unit of each robot and the change of task and environment,each agent can make decisions independently and finish various complicated tasks by communication and reciprocation between each other.The method is superior to other reinforcement learning methods commonly used in the multi-agent system.It can improve the convergence velocity of reinforcement learning,decrease requirements of computer memory,and enhance the capability of computing and logical ratiocinating for agent.The result of a simulated robot soccer match proves that the proposed cooperative strategy is valid.展开更多
This paper investigates a cooperative strategy for protecting an aerial target.The problem is solved as a game among four players（a target,two defenders,and a missile）.In this scenario,the target launches two defend...This paper investigates a cooperative strategy for protecting an aerial target.The problem is solved as a game among four players（a target,two defenders,and a missile）.In this scenario,the target launches two defenders（defender-1 and defender-2）simultaneously,to establish a oneway cooperation system（OCS）against an attacking missile.A new optimal evasion strategy for the target is also derived.During the engagement,the target takes into account the reaction of the attacking missile,and guides defender-1 to the interception point by receiving information from defender-1.Depending on the control effort of the target,defender-2 can choose appropriate launch conditions and use very limited maneuvering capability to intercept the missile.For adversaries with first-order dynamics,simulation results show that the OCS allows two defenders to intercept the missile.During the engagement,even if one defender or communication channel is broken,the OCS still allows an interception to be made,thus increasing the target’s survivability.展开更多
For the impact of intermittent resources＇ high penetration on the economic dispatch of islanded microgrid, a new economic dispatch method is presented to minimize the overall generating cost for islanded microgrid, c...For the impact of intermittent resources＇ high penetration on the economic dispatch of islanded microgrid, a new economic dispatch method is presented to minimize the overall generating cost for islanded microgrid, considering a cooperative strategy between diesel generator （hereinafter referred to as DE） and battery energy storage system （BESS）. The optimum economic operation range of DE and the optimal set-point between DE and BESS are presented in the cooperative dispatch strategy, in which BESS is used fully to enable DE in a lower cost and higher efficient way. The results are analyzed under various operation conditions and also prove the validity of the DrODosed method.展开更多
The modeling control method based on the dynamic resistance characteristics of good nuggets, that is the DRC method, is an improvement on the dynamic resistance threshold method for the quality control of resistance s...The modeling control method based on the dynamic resistance characteristics of good nuggets, that is the DRC method, is an improvement on the dynamic resistance threshold method for the quality control of resistance spot welding. But there is still a control blind area in the initial four cycles. For this reason, the quality of every weld nugget could not be fully ensured. Thus a new fuzzy cooperative control method is put forward. It uses a multi-information time-control mechanism by combining the constant current control technology with the DRC method in a relay way. This whole-process control strategy has led to a good control effect and produced the dual-identical results in the weld nugget quality and the welding time.展开更多
Chinese English speaking class faces lots of problems,such as lack of motivation,the big class size,the gap between stu⁃dents from urban and rural areas,etc.In order to solve these problems,the cooperative learning st...Chinese English speaking class faces lots of problems,such as lack of motivation,the big class size,the gap between stu⁃dents from urban and rural areas,etc.In order to solve these problems,the cooperative learning strategy is introduced and analyzed in this article.This article defines the cooperative learning strategy and then introduces the benefits of it and at last suggests how to using it in English teaching,especially in speaking.展开更多
Particle swarm optimization （PSO） is a new heuristic algorithm which has been applied to many optimization problems successfully. Attribute reduction is a key studying point of the rough set theory, and it has been ...Particle swarm optimization （PSO） is a new heuristic algorithm which has been applied to many optimization problems successfully. Attribute reduction is a key studying point of the rough set theory, and it has been proven that computing minimal reduc- tion of decision tables is a non-derterministic polynomial （NP）-hard problem. A new cooperative extended attribute reduction algorithm named Co-PSAR based on improved PSO is proposed, in which the cooperative evolutionary strategy with suitable fitness func- tions is involved to learn a good hypothesis for accelerating the optimization of searching minimal attribute reduction. Experiments on Benchmark functions and University of California, Irvine （UCI） data sets, compared with other algorithms, verify the superiority of the Co-PSAR algorithm in terms of the convergence speed, efficiency and accuracy for the attribute reduction.展开更多
Bargaining between the host country and oil companies is very common to international oil and gas development projects.The existence of information asymmetry gives the host country an endogenous bargaining advantage.F...Bargaining between the host country and oil companies is very common to international oil and gas development projects.The existence of information asymmetry gives the host country an endogenous bargaining advantage.Foreign oil companies might change their unfavorable negotiating position by changing the order of bidding and adjusting bidding strategies.This paper introduces both factors into a bilateral bargaining model to study the impact of information asymmetry and bidding order on the strategy and equilibrium returns of oil companies.According to the ownership of the right to bid first,two scenarios are designed for the model to compare the equilibrium returns of the host country and oil companies.The results show that:1)There is a first-mover advantage in the process of bilateral bidding,so oil companies better bid first;2)The information asymmetry will lead to a higher nominal income ratio of oil companies and a lower nominal income ratio of the host country,but it doesn’t affect the total income ratio at all.展开更多
The topographic information of a closed world is expressed as a graph. The plural mov- ingobjects which go and back in it according to a single moving strategy are supposed.The moving strategy is expressed by numerica...The topographic information of a closed world is expressed as a graph. The plural mov- ingobjects which go and back in it according to a single moving strategy are supposed.The moving strategy is expressed by numerical values as a decision table. Coding is performed with this table as chromosomes, and this is optimized by using genetic algorithm. These environments were realized on a computer, and the simulation was carried out. As the result, the learning of the method to act so that moving objects do not obstruct mutually was recognized, and it was confirmed that these methods are effective for optimizing moving strategy.展开更多
We study the two-dimensional traffic of cellular automata using computer simulation. We propose two type of decentralized cooperation strategies, which are called stepping aside (CS-SA) and choosing alternative routes...We study the two-dimensional traffic of cellular automata using computer simulation. We propose two type of decentralized cooperation strategies, which are called stepping aside (CS-SA) and choosing alternative routes (CS-CAR) respectively. We introduce them into an existing two-dimensional cellular automata (CA) model. CS-SA is designed to prohibit a kind of ping-pong jump when two objects standing together try to move in opposite directions. CS-CAR is designed to change the solution of conflict in parallel update. CS-CAR encourages the objects involved in parallel conflicts choose their alternative routes instead of waiting. We also combine the two cooperation strategies (CS-SA-CAR) to test their combined effects. It is found that the system keeps on a partial jam phase with nonzero velocity and flow until the density reaches one. The ratios of the ping-pong jump and the waiting objects involved in conflict are decreased obviously, especially at the free phase. And the average flow is improved by the three cooperation strategies. Although the average travel time is lengthened a bit by CS-CAR, it is shorten by CS-SA and CS-SA-CAR. In addition, we discuss the advantage and applicability of decentralized cooperation modeling.展开更多
Efficient cooperation,which has become common under rising economic globalization,is leading to new opportunities and challenges for enterprises choosing long-term competition strategies.Sharing resources with competi...Efficient cooperation,which has become common under rising economic globalization,is leading to new opportunities and challenges for enterprises choosing long-term competition strategies.Sharing resources with competitors is believed to weaken a firm's competitive edge.However,a potentially competitive market may change a firm's incentive to share resources strategically with rivals.Consequently,this study investigates two possible cooperation models between leading enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)to examine the impact of sharing resources on a firm's strategy.This analysis shows that cooperation strategies benefit both the leading firm and the SME under certain conditions.Furthermore,this study demonstrates that the wholesale cooperation strategy is always more detrimental to the environment than the license cooperation strategy.Interestingly,although cooperation can help SMEs develop sustainably in most cases,industries with high resource costs may experience a situation in which SMEs benefit from competition,thus resisting cooperation and harming the leading enterprise.This study highlights the role of a potentially competitive market and provides managerial insights for stakeholders.展开更多
The problem of incentive equilibria for dynamic games proposed in Ref.1 is considered.A sufficient condition and a necessary condition concerning the existence of incentive equilibria are proposed. As an illustrative ...The problem of incentive equilibria for dynamic games proposed in Ref.1 is considered.A sufficient condition and a necessary condition concerning the existence of incentive equilibria are proposed. As an illustrative example, the incentive equilibria for linear-quadratic games are discussed.展开更多
Due to the rapid growth of China’s demands for energy resources, energy security hasbecome a more and more important issue in making future energy decisions. China’senergy policy is founded on the principle of “mul...Due to the rapid growth of China’s demands for energy resources, energy security hasbecome a more and more important issue in making future energy decisions. China’senergy policy is founded on the principle of “multiple energy supplies and imports”. Itwould be one of the best solutions if China could make use of its various advantages,attentively develop its multi-energy cooperation with other countries, and seek for acooperative program that is accessible to many sides such as China, Russia, Japan andSouth Korea. Nevertheless, under current circumstances, how to realize “multiple energysupply and import” is not only a focal point for China’s energy security but also one of thetricky issues for the Chinese government. In this paper, the author has put forward someviewpoints and policy suggestions on Sino-Russian energy cooperation and other geo-economic strategic problems.展开更多
文摘A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of the dependence of repayment on each agent itself and the choice of other agents.Utilizing the idea of DAI,the intellectual unit of each robot and the change of task and environment,each agent can make decisions independently and finish various complicated tasks by communication and reciprocation between each other.The method is superior to other reinforcement learning methods commonly used in the multi-agent system.It can improve the convergence velocity of reinforcement learning,decrease requirements of computer memory,and enhance the capability of computing and logical ratiocinating for agent.The result of a simulated robot soccer match proves that the proposed cooperative strategy is valid.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11672093)the Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation (No. SAST2016039)
文摘This paper investigates a cooperative strategy for protecting an aerial target.The problem is solved as a game among four players（a target,two defenders,and a missile）.In this scenario,the target launches two defenders（defender-1 and defender-2）simultaneously,to establish a oneway cooperation system（OCS）against an attacking missile.A new optimal evasion strategy for the target is also derived.During the engagement,the target takes into account the reaction of the attacking missile,and guides defender-1 to the interception point by receiving information from defender-1.Depending on the control effort of the target,defender-2 can choose appropriate launch conditions and use very limited maneuvering capability to intercept the missile.For adversaries with first-order dynamics,simulation results show that the OCS allows two defenders to intercept the missile.During the engagement,even if one defender or communication channel is broken,the OCS still allows an interception to be made,thus increasing the target’s survivability.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61703068)the Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJ1704097)+1 种基金the Chongqing Basic Science and Advanced Technology Research Project(No.cstc2016jcyjA1919)the Doctor Start-up Funding of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.A2016-05)
文摘For the impact of intermittent resources＇ high penetration on the economic dispatch of islanded microgrid, a new economic dispatch method is presented to minimize the overall generating cost for islanded microgrid, considering a cooperative strategy between diesel generator （hereinafter referred to as DE） and battery energy storage system （BESS）. The optimum economic operation range of DE and the optimal set-point between DE and BESS are presented in the cooperative dispatch strategy, in which BESS is used fully to enable DE in a lower cost and higher efficient way. The results are analyzed under various operation conditions and also prove the validity of the DrODosed method.
文摘The modeling control method based on the dynamic resistance characteristics of good nuggets, that is the DRC method, is an improvement on the dynamic resistance threshold method for the quality control of resistance spot welding. But there is still a control blind area in the initial four cycles. For this reason, the quality of every weld nugget could not be fully ensured. Thus a new fuzzy cooperative control method is put forward. It uses a multi-information time-control mechanism by combining the constant current control technology with the DRC method in a relay way. This whole-process control strategy has led to a good control effect and produced the dual-identical results in the weld nugget quality and the welding time.
文摘Chinese English speaking class faces lots of problems,such as lack of motivation,the big class size,the gap between stu⁃dents from urban and rural areas,etc.In order to solve these problems,the cooperative learning strategy is introduced and analyzed in this article.This article defines the cooperative learning strategy and then introduces the benefits of it and at last suggests how to using it in English teaching,especially in speaking.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60873069 61171132)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Government Scholarship for Overseas Studies (JS-2010-K005)the Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education (CXZZ11 0219)the Open Project Program of Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Information Processing Technology (KJS1023)the Applying Study Foundation of Nantong (BK2011062)
文摘Particle swarm optimization （PSO） is a new heuristic algorithm which has been applied to many optimization problems successfully. Attribute reduction is a key studying point of the rough set theory, and it has been proven that computing minimal reduc- tion of decision tables is a non-derterministic polynomial （NP）-hard problem. A new cooperative extended attribute reduction algorithm named Co-PSAR based on improved PSO is proposed, in which the cooperative evolutionary strategy with suitable fitness func- tions is involved to learn a good hypothesis for accelerating the optimization of searching minimal attribute reduction. Experiments on Benchmark functions and University of California, Irvine （UCI） data sets, compared with other algorithms, verify the superiority of the Co-PSAR algorithm in terms of the convergence speed, efficiency and accuracy for the attribute reduction.
基金the financial support provided by the Humanities and Social Sciences Program of Chinese Ministry of Education(Grant Nos.19YJCZH106 and 20YJCZH201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71904111 and 71774105)Program for the Philosophy and Social Sciences Research of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi(Grant No.201803079,2nd[2018]of Jin Education)。
文摘Bargaining between the host country and oil companies is very common to international oil and gas development projects.The existence of information asymmetry gives the host country an endogenous bargaining advantage.Foreign oil companies might change their unfavorable negotiating position by changing the order of bidding and adjusting bidding strategies.This paper introduces both factors into a bilateral bargaining model to study the impact of information asymmetry and bidding order on the strategy and equilibrium returns of oil companies.According to the ownership of the right to bid first,two scenarios are designed for the model to compare the equilibrium returns of the host country and oil companies.The results show that:1)There is a first-mover advantage in the process of bilateral bidding,so oil companies better bid first;2)The information asymmetry will lead to a higher nominal income ratio of oil companies and a lower nominal income ratio of the host country,but it doesn’t affect the total income ratio at all.
文摘The topographic information of a closed world is expressed as a graph. The plural mov- ingobjects which go and back in it according to a single moving strategy are supposed.The moving strategy is expressed by numerical values as a decision table. Coding is performed with this table as chromosomes, and this is optimized by using genetic algorithm. These environments were realized on a computer, and the simulation was carried out. As the result, the learning of the method to act so that moving objects do not obstruct mutually was recognized, and it was confirmed that these methods are effective for optimizing moving strategy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61103093the National High-Tech Research and Development Plan of China (863) under Grant No. 2011AA010502
文摘We study the two-dimensional traffic of cellular automata using computer simulation. We propose two type of decentralized cooperation strategies, which are called stepping aside (CS-SA) and choosing alternative routes (CS-CAR) respectively. We introduce them into an existing two-dimensional cellular automata (CA) model. CS-SA is designed to prohibit a kind of ping-pong jump when two objects standing together try to move in opposite directions. CS-CAR is designed to change the solution of conflict in parallel update. CS-CAR encourages the objects involved in parallel conflicts choose their alternative routes instead of waiting. We also combine the two cooperation strategies (CS-SA-CAR) to test their combined effects. It is found that the system keeps on a partial jam phase with nonzero velocity and flow until the density reaches one. The ratios of the ping-pong jump and the waiting objects involved in conflict are decreased obviously, especially at the free phase. And the average flow is improved by the three cooperation strategies. Although the average travel time is lengthened a bit by CS-CAR, it is shorten by CS-SA and CS-SA-CAR. In addition, we discuss the advantage and applicability of decentralized cooperation modeling.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71872028)the Digital Culture and Media Research Fund of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research Base in Sichuan Province(19CDCMO3).
文摘Efficient cooperation,which has become common under rising economic globalization,is leading to new opportunities and challenges for enterprises choosing long-term competition strategies.Sharing resources with competitors is believed to weaken a firm's competitive edge.However,a potentially competitive market may change a firm's incentive to share resources strategically with rivals.Consequently,this study investigates two possible cooperation models between leading enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)to examine the impact of sharing resources on a firm's strategy.This analysis shows that cooperation strategies benefit both the leading firm and the SME under certain conditions.Furthermore,this study demonstrates that the wholesale cooperation strategy is always more detrimental to the environment than the license cooperation strategy.Interestingly,although cooperation can help SMEs develop sustainably in most cases,industries with high resource costs may experience a situation in which SMEs benefit from competition,thus resisting cooperation and harming the leading enterprise.This study highlights the role of a potentially competitive market and provides managerial insights for stakeholders.
文摘The problem of incentive equilibria for dynamic games proposed in Ref.1 is considered.A sufficient condition and a necessary condition concerning the existence of incentive equilibria are proposed. As an illustrative example, the incentive equilibria for linear-quadratic games are discussed.
文摘Due to the rapid growth of China’s demands for energy resources, energy security hasbecome a more and more important issue in making future energy decisions. China’senergy policy is founded on the principle of “multiple energy supplies and imports”. Itwould be one of the best solutions if China could make use of its various advantages,attentively develop its multi-energy cooperation with other countries, and seek for acooperative program that is accessible to many sides such as China, Russia, Japan andSouth Korea. Nevertheless, under current circumstances, how to realize “multiple energysupply and import” is not only a focal point for China’s energy security but also one of thetricky issues for the Chinese government. In this paper, the author has put forward someviewpoints and policy suggestions on Sino-Russian energy cooperation and other geo-economic strategic problems.
