Underground constructions often encounter water environments,where water–rock interaction can increase porosity,thereby weakening engineering rocks.Correspondingly,the failure criterion for chemically corroded rocks ...Underground constructions often encounter water environments,where water–rock interaction can increase porosity,thereby weakening engineering rocks.Correspondingly,the failure criterion for chemically corroded rocks becomes essential in the stability analysis and design of such structures.This study enhances the applicability of the Hoek-Brown(H-B)criterion for engineering structures operating in chemically corrosive conditions by introducing a kinetic porosity-dependent instantaneous mi(KPIM).A multiscale experimental investigation,including nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),pH and ion chromatography analysis,and triaxial compression tests,is employed to quantify pore structural changes and their linkage with the strength responses of limestone under coupled chemical-mechanical(C-M)conditions.By employing ion chromatography and NMR analysis,along with incorporating the principles of free-face dissolution theory accounting for both congruent and incongruent dissolution,a kinetic chemical corrosion model is developed.This model aims to calculate the kinetic porosity alterations within rocks exposed to varying H+concentrations and durations.Subsequently,utilizing the generalized mixture rule(GMR),the kinetic porositydependent mi is formulated.Evaluation of the KPIM-enhanced H-B criterion using compression test data from 5 types of rocks demonstrated a high level of consistency between the criterion and the experimental results,with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.96,a mean absolute percentage error less than 4.84%,and a root-mean-square deviation less than 5.95 MPa.Finally,the physical significance of the porosity-dependent instantaneous mi is clarified:it serves as an indicator of a rock’s capacity to leverage the confining pressure effect.展开更多
The proposed study focuses on the critical issue of corrosion,which leads to significant economic losses and safety risks worldwide.A key area of emphasis is the accuracy of corrosion detection methods.While recent st...The proposed study focuses on the critical issue of corrosion,which leads to significant economic losses and safety risks worldwide.A key area of emphasis is the accuracy of corrosion detection methods.While recent studies have made progress,a common challenge is the low accuracy of existing detection models.These models often struggle to reliably identify corrosion tendencies,which are crucial for minimizing industrial risks and optimizing resource use.The proposed study introduces an innovative approach that significantly improves the accuracy of corrosion detection using a convolutional neural network(CNN),as well as two pretrained models,namely YOLOv8 and EfficientNetB0.By leveraging advanced technologies and methodologies,we have achieved high accuracies in identifying and managing the hazards associated with corrosion across various industrial settings.This advancement not only supports the overarching goals of enhancing safety and efficiency,but also sets a new benchmark for future research in the field.The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the ability to detect and mitigate corrosion-related concerns,providing a more accurate and comprehensive solution for industries facing these challenges.Both CNN and EfficientNetB0 exhibited 100%accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score,followed by YOLOv8 with respective metrics of 95%,100%,90%,and 94.74%.Our approach outperformed state-of-the-art with similar datasets and methodologies.展开更多
Understanding the interaction between cyclic stresses and corrosion of magnesium(Mg)and its alloys is increasingly in demand due to the continuous expansion of structural applications of these materials.This review is...Understanding the interaction between cyclic stresses and corrosion of magnesium(Mg)and its alloys is increasingly in demand due to the continuous expansion of structural applications of these materials.This review is dedicated to exploring the corrosion-fatigue mechanisms of these materials,with an emphasis on microscale processes,and the possibility of expanding current knowledge on this topic using scanning electrochemical techniques.The interaction between fatigue and corrosion of Mg alloys is analyzed by considering the microstructural aspects(grain size,precipitates,deformation twins),as well as the formation of pits.Furthermore,in the case of coated alloys,the role of coating defects in these phenomena is also described.In this context,the feasibility of using scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM),scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET),scanning ion-selective electrode technique(SIET),localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(LEIS)and scanning Kelvin probe(SKP)methods to study the corrosion-fatigue interaction of Mg alloys is examined.A comprehensive review of the current literature in this field is presented,and the opportunities and limitations of consolidating the use of these techniques to study the microscale processes involved in Mg corrosion-fatigue are discussed.展开更多
Zinc calcium phosphate （Zn-Ca-P） coating and cerium-doped zinc calcium phosphate （Zn-Ca-Ce-P） coating were prepared on AZ31 magnesium alloy. The chemical compositions, morphologies and corrosion resistance of coat...Zinc calcium phosphate （Zn-Ca-P） coating and cerium-doped zinc calcium phosphate （Zn-Ca-Ce-P） coating were prepared on AZ31 magnesium alloy. The chemical compositions, morphologies and corrosion resistance of coatings were investigated through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, electron probe micro-analysis （EPMA） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） together with hydrogen volumetric and electrochemical tests. The results indicate that both coatings predominately contain crystalline hopeite （Zn3（PO4）2·4H2O）, Mg3（PO4）2 and Ca3（PO4）2, and traces of non-crystalline MgF2 and CaF2. The Zn-Ca-Ce-P coating is more compact than the Zn-Ca-P coating due to the formation of CePO4, and displays better corrosion resistance than the Zn-Ca-P coating. Both coatings protect the AZ31 Mg substrate only during an initial immersion period. The micro-galvanic corrosion between the coatings and their substrates leads to an increase of hydrogen evolution rate （HER） with extending the immersion time. The addition of Ce promotes the homogenous distribution of Ca and formation of hopeite. The Zn-Ca-Ce-P coating has the potential for the primer coating on magnesium alloys.展开更多
The influence of chemical composition on corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloys ingots has been investigated. Mass loss method was applied to evaluate the corrosion resistance of AZ91D alloys and the data were...The influence of chemical composition on corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloys ingots has been investigated. Mass loss method was applied to evaluate the corrosion resistance of AZ91D alloys and the data were analyzed by multiple regression. The results show that the corrosion resistance of this alloy can be improved by increasing Al, Zn and Mn in a certain degree, and will drop with increasing Si and heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Ni). It is found that ingots received from company F should be listed into unusable materials in terms of the corrosion resistance, while among the five suppliers, the only local company E supplied excellent AZ91D magnesium alloy ingots with the best corrosion resistance.展开更多
The morphology change of the magnesium matrix after pre-treatment and the morphology as well as the phase composition of chemical conversion coating formed by phosphate were studied using scanning electron microscope ...The morphology change of the magnesium matrix after pre-treatment and the morphology as well as the phase composition of chemical conversion coating formed by phosphate were studied using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion resistance of the coating was studied by salt spray and damp test, and the corrosion tendency during salt immersion test was analyzed. The results show that the phase composition before and after pre-treatment is almost changeless, and the deep microflaw appears between a andβ phases during acidic pickling. The phosphate conversion coating is mainly composed of Mg, MgO, and some amorphous phase, and it can provide a good protection for the AZ31B alloy. Results from corrosive morphology indicate that the growth and the corrosion resistance of the phosphate conversion coating are related to the forming process of the AZ31B matrix.展开更多
The corrosion inhibition action of three newly synthesized furanylnicotinamidine derivatives namely: 6-[5-{4(dimethylamino)phenyl}furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine(MA-1256), 6-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine(MA-1...The corrosion inhibition action of three newly synthesized furanylnicotinamidine derivatives namely: 6-[5-{4(dimethylamino)phenyl}furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine(MA-1256), 6-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine(MA-1266), and 6-[5-{4-(dimethylamino)phenyl}furan-2-yl]nicotinonitrile(MA-1250) on carbon steel(C-steel) was investigated in 1.0 mol·L-1 HCl solution by weight loss(WL), potentiodynamic polarization(PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and electrochemical frequency modulation(EFM)techniques. Morphological analysis was performed on the uninhibited and inhibited C-steel using atomic force microscope(AFM) and Infrared Spectroscopy(ATR-IR) methods. The effect of temperature was studied and discussed. Inspection of experimental results revealed that the inhibition efficiency(IE) increases with the incremental addition of inhibitors and with elevating the temperature of the acid media. The adsorption of furanylnicotinamidine derivatives on C-steel follows Temkin’s isotherm. PP studies indicated that the investigated compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors and showed that p-dimethylaminophenyl furanylnicotinamidine derivative(MA-1256) was the most efficient inhibitor among the other studied derivatives with IE reached(95%)at 21 × 10-6 mol·L-1. MA-1266 is highly soluble in aqueous solution and has non-toxicity profile with LC50 N 37 mg·L-1. Thus, MA-1266 can be a promising green corrosion inhibitor candidate with IE N 91% at 21× 10-6 mol·L-1. The experiments were coupled with computational chemical theories such as quantum chemical and molecular dynamic methods. The experimental results were in good agreement with the computational outputs.展开更多
4-tert-butylpyridine(TBP)is an indispensable additive for the hole transport layer in highly efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs),while it can induce corrosion decomposition of perovskites and de-doping effect of sp...4-tert-butylpyridine(TBP)is an indispensable additive for the hole transport layer in highly efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs),while it can induce corrosion decomposition of perovskites and de-doping effect of spiro-OMeTAD,which present huge challenge for the stability of PSCs.Herein,halogen bonds provided by 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene(1,4-DITFB)are employed to bond with TBP,simultaneously preventing perovskite decomposition and eliminating de-doping effect of oxidized spiro-OMeTAD.Various characterizations have proved strong chemical interaction forms between 1,4-DITFB and TBP.With the incorporation of halogen bonds,perovskite film can maintain initial morphology,crystal structure,and light absorbance;meanwhile,the spiro-OMeTAD film shows a relatively stable conductivity with good charge transport property.Accordingly,the device with TBP complex exhibits significantly enhanced stability in N_(2) atmosphere or humidity environment.Furthermore,a champion power conversion efficiency of 23.03%is obtained since perovskite is no longer damaged by TBP during device preparation.This strategy overcomes the shortcomings of TBP in n-i-p PSCs community and enhances the application potential of spiro-OMeTAD in fabricating efficient and stable PSCs.展开更多
China is in a transitional period between urban renewal and industrial change.In this period,the focus has been on the suburbanization of enterprises and land transformation in old industrial areas,particularly areas ...China is in a transitional period between urban renewal and industrial change.In this period,the focus has been on the suburbanization of enterprises and land transformation in old industrial areas,particularly areas with chemical industries.A life cycle theoretical framework was established to develop chemical industrial zones in the context of urban expansion and land function conversion.The long-term historical processes and mechanisms that transformed a typical old chemical industry area along the Yangtze River,Yanziji Area of Nanjing City were unveiled and comparatively analyzed.The study found that the entire life cycle of the case study area was formed through the combined action of different influencing factors.Traditional industrial location factors played important roles during the rise and continuity of the chemical industry zone,while unconventional environmental regulations and government policies drove its decline and transformation.In the transformation of the old chemical zone,the renewal and redevelopment of industrial land into higher-value residential land is a key link determining the feasibility of government fund compensation and the circulation of capital.These findings demonstrate that regional control and environmental regulation play crucial roles in determining the location of polluting industries and the renewal of urban industrial areas.This research enhances the understanding of the development history and reconstruction of chemical industry clusters and plots within megacities at a finer geographic scale.展开更多
A new type of corrosion inhibitor and fog suppressor composed of Nitrogen-containing alkaloid,water-soluble butadiene lower polymer, and inorganic electrolyte has been investigated by gravimetric and electrochemical m...A new type of corrosion inhibitor and fog suppressor composed of Nitrogen-containing alkaloid,water-soluble butadiene lower polymer, and inorganic electrolyte has been investigated by gravimetric and electrochemical method. Effects or this chemicals on pickling rate and hydrogen penetration into iron and steel material in 50～150 g/L HCI or/and H2SO4 solutions at 20～70℃ temperature were examined. The amount of acid fog escaping from the surface of air-liquid was determined by chemical titration. The results indicate that the efficiency of inhibition and suppression depends on film properties by which mean a barrier film on the interface of bare mild steel/solution or an unsolvable liquid membrane as hydrophibic effect.In present work the film-forming mechanism by in situ and chemistry-mechanics effect is also discussed.展开更多
China’s chemical industry is an important industrial sector in the national economy, closely related to other sectors and consumer markets. The industry produces agricultural chemicals made from coal, petroleum, natu...China’s chemical industry is an important industrial sector in the national economy, closely related to other sectors and consumer markets. The industry produces agricultural chemicals made from coal, petroleum, natural gas, natural ore and biological substances, in addition to organic and inorganic raw materials, compound materials, fine chemicals, and chemicals for special purposes. The industry also uses展开更多
Foreign-oriented Economy Entering a New Stage The Eighth Five-year Plan period saw the fastest development of the foreign-oriented economy in China’s chemical industry, with an accumulated import and export value of ...Foreign-oriented Economy Entering a New Stage The Eighth Five-year Plan period saw the fastest development of the foreign-oriented economy in China’s chemical industry, with an accumulated import and export value of US$100 billion, including US$38.3 billion of exports. In 1996 the total import and export value reached US$30 billion, including US$12 billion of exports. Now, more than 300 chemical enterprises and institutes have obtained foreign展开更多
At present,China is the world’s largest consumer of iron ore, nickel,copper,steel,coal and cement,and the world’s second largest consumer of oil,alumina,electricity and energy.Currently, China is creating 4～5% of t...At present,China is the world’s largest consumer of iron ore, nickel,copper,steel,coal and cement,and the world’s second largest consumer of oil,alumina,electricity and energy.Currently, China is creating 4～5% of the world’s GDP by consuming 8.92% of the world’s oil,32.1% of raw coal,30.7% of iron ore,28% of steel.20% of alumina and 50% of cement.展开更多
Shaanxi regions have abundant coal, gas, oil and mineral resources, however, the low efficiency of the energy development and utilization of Shaanxi province, greatly influence the northern Shaanxi energy base to cont...Shaanxi regions have abundant coal, gas, oil and mineral resources, however, the low efficiency of the energy development and utilization of Shaanxi province, greatly influence the northern Shaanxi energy base to continue the development. For mineral resources property not clear present situation, proposed the resource sharing of the Shaanxi energy base mechanisms, mainly including mineral resources property division, energy and natural resources management enterprise shareholding system of depreciation of the mechanism.展开更多
Founded in 1958 and directly under the Ministry of the Chemical Industry, the Beijing Research Institute of the Chemical Industry (BRICI) engages in research and development in the fields of petrochemicals, fine chemi...Founded in 1958 and directly under the Ministry of the Chemical Industry, the Beijing Research Institute of the Chemical Industry (BRICI) engages in research and development in the fields of petrochemicals, fine chemicals, polymer synthesis and processing, and environmental protection. In the past 30 years or more, the institute has achieved many important scientific results of the State level, and it has signed in rccent years several hundred science and research contracts with展开更多
At the beginning of 1995, Gu Xiulian, Minister of the Chemical Industry, gave a briefing to the media on the newly-drafted 9th Five-Year Plan(1996-2000) for China’s chemical industry. She said that unlike the past de...At the beginning of 1995, Gu Xiulian, Minister of the Chemical Industry, gave a briefing to the media on the newly-drafted 9th Five-Year Plan(1996-2000) for China’s chemical industry. She said that unlike the past development plans under the planned economy system, the new plan orients the product mix, industry structure, enterprise structure and regional distribution to the needs of the domestic and world markets, and co-ordinates the development of state-展开更多
In this paper, the present patent situation of the daily chemical industry was analyzed. The development trends of China patent protection in daily chemical industry were analyzed including patent application trend, p...In this paper, the present patent situation of the daily chemical industry was analyzed. The development trends of China patent protection in daily chemical industry were analyzed including patent application trend, patent type and applicant type. As a leading enterprise, the patent protection situation of P＆G was analyzed, which is significant for domestic enterprises. Finally, suggestions for China daily chemical industry were given according to the analysis results and experiences of the leading company from the perspective of patent protection.展开更多
The CCPIT Sub-council of Chemical Industry is a subsidiary of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and the China Chamber of International Commerce.
文摘Underground constructions often encounter water environments,where water–rock interaction can increase porosity,thereby weakening engineering rocks.Correspondingly,the failure criterion for chemically corroded rocks becomes essential in the stability analysis and design of such structures.This study enhances the applicability of the Hoek-Brown(H-B)criterion for engineering structures operating in chemically corrosive conditions by introducing a kinetic porosity-dependent instantaneous mi(KPIM).A multiscale experimental investigation,including nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),pH and ion chromatography analysis,and triaxial compression tests,is employed to quantify pore structural changes and their linkage with the strength responses of limestone under coupled chemical-mechanical(C-M)conditions.By employing ion chromatography and NMR analysis,along with incorporating the principles of free-face dissolution theory accounting for both congruent and incongruent dissolution,a kinetic chemical corrosion model is developed.This model aims to calculate the kinetic porosity alterations within rocks exposed to varying H+concentrations and durations.Subsequently,utilizing the generalized mixture rule(GMR),the kinetic porositydependent mi is formulated.Evaluation of the KPIM-enhanced H-B criterion using compression test data from 5 types of rocks demonstrated a high level of consistency between the criterion and the experimental results,with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.96,a mean absolute percentage error less than 4.84%,and a root-mean-square deviation less than 5.95 MPa.Finally,the physical significance of the porosity-dependent instantaneous mi is clarified:it serves as an indicator of a rock’s capacity to leverage the confining pressure effect.
文摘The proposed study focuses on the critical issue of corrosion,which leads to significant economic losses and safety risks worldwide.A key area of emphasis is the accuracy of corrosion detection methods.While recent studies have made progress,a common challenge is the low accuracy of existing detection models.These models often struggle to reliably identify corrosion tendencies,which are crucial for minimizing industrial risks and optimizing resource use.The proposed study introduces an innovative approach that significantly improves the accuracy of corrosion detection using a convolutional neural network(CNN),as well as two pretrained models,namely YOLOv8 and EfficientNetB0.By leveraging advanced technologies and methodologies,we have achieved high accuracies in identifying and managing the hazards associated with corrosion across various industrial settings.This advancement not only supports the overarching goals of enhancing safety and efficiency,but also sets a new benchmark for future research in the field.The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the ability to detect and mitigate corrosion-related concerns,providing a more accurate and comprehensive solution for industries facing these challenges.Both CNN and EfficientNetB0 exhibited 100%accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score,followed by YOLOv8 with respective metrics of 95%,100%,90%,and 94.74%.Our approach outperformed state-of-the-art with similar datasets and methodologies.
基金support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(MICINN,Madrid,Spain)the European Regional Development Fund(Brussels,Belgium)MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UE under grant PID2021-127445NB-I00.
文摘Understanding the interaction between cyclic stresses and corrosion of magnesium(Mg)and its alloys is increasingly in demand due to the continuous expansion of structural applications of these materials.This review is dedicated to exploring the corrosion-fatigue mechanisms of these materials,with an emphasis on microscale processes,and the possibility of expanding current knowledge on this topic using scanning electrochemical techniques.The interaction between fatigue and corrosion of Mg alloys is analyzed by considering the microstructural aspects(grain size,precipitates,deformation twins),as well as the formation of pits.Furthermore,in the case of coated alloys,the role of coating defects in these phenomena is also described.In this context,the feasibility of using scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM),scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET),scanning ion-selective electrode technique(SIET),localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(LEIS)and scanning Kelvin probe(SKP)methods to study the corrosion-fatigue interaction of Mg alloys is examined.A comprehensive review of the current literature in this field is presented,and the opportunities and limitations of consolidating the use of these techniques to study the microscale processes involved in Mg corrosion-fatigue are discussed.
基金Project(51571134)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014TDJH104)supported by the SDUST Research Fund+1 种基金the Joint Innovative Centre for Safe and Effective Mining Technology and Equipment of Coal Resources,Shandong Province,ChinaProject(cstc2012jj A50034)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China
文摘Zinc calcium phosphate （Zn-Ca-P） coating and cerium-doped zinc calcium phosphate （Zn-Ca-Ce-P） coating were prepared on AZ31 magnesium alloy. The chemical compositions, morphologies and corrosion resistance of coatings were investigated through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, electron probe micro-analysis （EPMA） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） together with hydrogen volumetric and electrochemical tests. The results indicate that both coatings predominately contain crystalline hopeite （Zn3（PO4）2·4H2O）, Mg3（PO4）2 and Ca3（PO4）2, and traces of non-crystalline MgF2 and CaF2. The Zn-Ca-Ce-P coating is more compact than the Zn-Ca-P coating due to the formation of CePO4, and displays better corrosion resistance than the Zn-Ca-P coating. Both coatings protect the AZ31 Mg substrate only during an initial immersion period. The micro-galvanic corrosion between the coatings and their substrates leads to an increase of hydrogen evolution rate （HER） with extending the immersion time. The addition of Ce promotes the homogenous distribution of Ca and formation of hopeite. The Zn-Ca-Ce-P coating has the potential for the primer coating on magnesium alloys.
文摘The influence of chemical composition on corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloys ingots has been investigated. Mass loss method was applied to evaluate the corrosion resistance of AZ91D alloys and the data were analyzed by multiple regression. The results show that the corrosion resistance of this alloy can be improved by increasing Al, Zn and Mn in a certain degree, and will drop with increasing Si and heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Ni). It is found that ingots received from company F should be listed into unusable materials in terms of the corrosion resistance, while among the five suppliers, the only local company E supplied excellent AZ91D magnesium alloy ingots with the best corrosion resistance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50474007)Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Provincial Departmentof Education (No.[2006]1)
文摘The morphology change of the magnesium matrix after pre-treatment and the morphology as well as the phase composition of chemical conversion coating formed by phosphate were studied using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion resistance of the coating was studied by salt spray and damp test, and the corrosion tendency during salt immersion test was analyzed. The results show that the phase composition before and after pre-treatment is almost changeless, and the deep microflaw appears between a andβ phases during acidic pickling. The phosphate conversion coating is mainly composed of Mg, MgO, and some amorphous phase, and it can provide a good protection for the AZ31B alloy. Results from corrosive morphology indicate that the growth and the corrosion resistance of the phosphate conversion coating are related to the forming process of the AZ31B matrix.
文摘The corrosion inhibition action of three newly synthesized furanylnicotinamidine derivatives namely: 6-[5-{4(dimethylamino)phenyl}furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine(MA-1256), 6-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine(MA-1266), and 6-[5-{4-(dimethylamino)phenyl}furan-2-yl]nicotinonitrile(MA-1250) on carbon steel(C-steel) was investigated in 1.0 mol·L-1 HCl solution by weight loss(WL), potentiodynamic polarization(PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and electrochemical frequency modulation(EFM)techniques. Morphological analysis was performed on the uninhibited and inhibited C-steel using atomic force microscope(AFM) and Infrared Spectroscopy(ATR-IR) methods. The effect of temperature was studied and discussed. Inspection of experimental results revealed that the inhibition efficiency(IE) increases with the incremental addition of inhibitors and with elevating the temperature of the acid media. The adsorption of furanylnicotinamidine derivatives on C-steel follows Temkin’s isotherm. PP studies indicated that the investigated compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors and showed that p-dimethylaminophenyl furanylnicotinamidine derivative(MA-1256) was the most efficient inhibitor among the other studied derivatives with IE reached(95%)at 21 × 10-6 mol·L-1. MA-1266 is highly soluble in aqueous solution and has non-toxicity profile with LC50 N 37 mg·L-1. Thus, MA-1266 can be a promising green corrosion inhibitor candidate with IE N 91% at 21× 10-6 mol·L-1. The experiments were coupled with computational chemical theories such as quantum chemical and molecular dynamic methods. The experimental results were in good agreement with the computational outputs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175084,62005093)Industrial Technology Research and Development Project of Jilin Province (2020C026-5) for the support to this work.
文摘4-tert-butylpyridine(TBP)is an indispensable additive for the hole transport layer in highly efficient perovskite solar cells(PSCs),while it can induce corrosion decomposition of perovskites and de-doping effect of spiro-OMeTAD,which present huge challenge for the stability of PSCs.Herein,halogen bonds provided by 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene(1,4-DITFB)are employed to bond with TBP,simultaneously preventing perovskite decomposition and eliminating de-doping effect of oxidized spiro-OMeTAD.Various characterizations have proved strong chemical interaction forms between 1,4-DITFB and TBP.With the incorporation of halogen bonds,perovskite film can maintain initial morphology,crystal structure,and light absorbance;meanwhile,the spiro-OMeTAD film shows a relatively stable conductivity with good charge transport property.Accordingly,the device with TBP complex exhibits significantly enhanced stability in N_(2) atmosphere or humidity environment.Furthermore,a champion power conversion efficiency of 23.03%is obtained since perovskite is no longer damaged by TBP during device preparation.This strategy overcomes the shortcomings of TBP in n-i-p PSCs community and enhances the application potential of spiro-OMeTAD in fabricating efficient and stable PSCs.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41901156,42071164)Project of the Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.NIGLAS2019QD011)。
文摘China is in a transitional period between urban renewal and industrial change.In this period,the focus has been on the suburbanization of enterprises and land transformation in old industrial areas,particularly areas with chemical industries.A life cycle theoretical framework was established to develop chemical industrial zones in the context of urban expansion and land function conversion.The long-term historical processes and mechanisms that transformed a typical old chemical industry area along the Yangtze River,Yanziji Area of Nanjing City were unveiled and comparatively analyzed.The study found that the entire life cycle of the case study area was formed through the combined action of different influencing factors.Traditional industrial location factors played important roles during the rise and continuity of the chemical industry zone,while unconventional environmental regulations and government policies drove its decline and transformation.In the transformation of the old chemical zone,the renewal and redevelopment of industrial land into higher-value residential land is a key link determining the feasibility of government fund compensation and the circulation of capital.These findings demonstrate that regional control and environmental regulation play crucial roles in determining the location of polluting industries and the renewal of urban industrial areas.This research enhances the understanding of the development history and reconstruction of chemical industry clusters and plots within megacities at a finer geographic scale.
文摘A new type of corrosion inhibitor and fog suppressor composed of Nitrogen-containing alkaloid,water-soluble butadiene lower polymer, and inorganic electrolyte has been investigated by gravimetric and electrochemical method. Effects or this chemicals on pickling rate and hydrogen penetration into iron and steel material in 50～150 g/L HCI or/and H2SO4 solutions at 20～70℃ temperature were examined. The amount of acid fog escaping from the surface of air-liquid was determined by chemical titration. The results indicate that the efficiency of inhibition and suppression depends on film properties by which mean a barrier film on the interface of bare mild steel/solution or an unsolvable liquid membrane as hydrophibic effect.In present work the film-forming mechanism by in situ and chemistry-mechanics effect is also discussed.
文摘China’s chemical industry is an important industrial sector in the national economy, closely related to other sectors and consumer markets. The industry produces agricultural chemicals made from coal, petroleum, natural gas, natural ore and biological substances, in addition to organic and inorganic raw materials, compound materials, fine chemicals, and chemicals for special purposes. The industry also uses
文摘Foreign-oriented Economy Entering a New Stage The Eighth Five-year Plan period saw the fastest development of the foreign-oriented economy in China’s chemical industry, with an accumulated import and export value of US$100 billion, including US$38.3 billion of exports. In 1996 the total import and export value reached US$30 billion, including US$12 billion of exports. Now, more than 300 chemical enterprises and institutes have obtained foreign
文摘At present,China is the world’s largest consumer of iron ore, nickel,copper,steel,coal and cement,and the world’s second largest consumer of oil,alumina,electricity and energy.Currently, China is creating 4～5% of the world’s GDP by consuming 8.92% of the world’s oil,32.1% of raw coal,30.7% of iron ore,28% of steel.20% of alumina and 50% of cement.
文摘Shaanxi regions have abundant coal, gas, oil and mineral resources, however, the low efficiency of the energy development and utilization of Shaanxi province, greatly influence the northern Shaanxi energy base to continue the development. For mineral resources property not clear present situation, proposed the resource sharing of the Shaanxi energy base mechanisms, mainly including mineral resources property division, energy and natural resources management enterprise shareholding system of depreciation of the mechanism.
文摘Founded in 1958 and directly under the Ministry of the Chemical Industry, the Beijing Research Institute of the Chemical Industry (BRICI) engages in research and development in the fields of petrochemicals, fine chemicals, polymer synthesis and processing, and environmental protection. In the past 30 years or more, the institute has achieved many important scientific results of the State level, and it has signed in rccent years several hundred science and research contracts with
文摘At the beginning of 1995, Gu Xiulian, Minister of the Chemical Industry, gave a briefing to the media on the newly-drafted 9th Five-Year Plan(1996-2000) for China’s chemical industry. She said that unlike the past development plans under the planned economy system, the new plan orients the product mix, industry structure, enterprise structure and regional distribution to the needs of the domestic and world markets, and co-ordinates the development of state-
文摘In this paper, the present patent situation of the daily chemical industry was analyzed. The development trends of China patent protection in daily chemical industry were analyzed including patent application trend, patent type and applicant type. As a leading enterprise, the patent protection situation of P＆G was analyzed, which is significant for domestic enterprises. Finally, suggestions for China daily chemical industry were given according to the analysis results and experiences of the leading company from the perspective of patent protection.
文摘The CCPIT Sub-council of Chemical Industry is a subsidiary of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and the China Chamber of International Commerce.
