Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody(ANCA)-associated vasculitis(AAV)is a rare and severe systemic autoimmune disease characterized by pauci-immune necrotizing inflammation of small blood vessels.AAV involves multi...Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody(ANCA)-associated vasculitis(AAV)is a rare and severe systemic autoimmune disease characterized by pauci-immune necrotizing inflammation of small blood vessels.AAV involves multiple organ systems throughout the body.Our knowledge of the pathogenesis of AAV has increased considerably in recent years,involving cellular,molecular and genetic factors.Because of the controlled environment with no other confounding factors,animal models are beneficial for studying the mechanistic details of disease development and for providing novel therapeutic targets with fewer toxic side effects.However,the complexity and heterogeneity of AAV make it very difficult to establish a single animal model that can fully represent the entire clinical spectrum found in patients.The aim of this review is to overview the current status of animal models for AAV,outline the pros and cons of methods,and propose potential directions for future research.展开更多
BACKGROUND The expression of brain cytoplasmic RNA1(BCYRN1)is linked to the clinicopathology and prognosis of several types of cancers,among which hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most frequent types of canc...BACKGROUND The expression of brain cytoplasmic RNA1(BCYRN1)is linked to the clinicopathology and prognosis of several types of cancers,among which hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most frequent types of cancer worldwide.AIM To explore the prognostic value and immunotherapeutic potential of BCYRN1 in HCC by bioinformatics and meta-analysis.METHODS Information was obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database.First,the correlation between BCYRN1 expression and prognosis and clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC patients was explored.Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were employed to examine the relationship between BCYRN1 and HCC prognosis.Secondly,potential functions and pathways were explored by means of enrichment analysis of differentially-expressed genes.The relationships between BCYRN1 expression and tumor microenvironment,immune cell infiltration,immune checkpoint,drug sensitivity and immunotherapy effect were also investigated.Finally,three major databases were searched and used to conduct a meta-analysis on the relationship between BCYRN1 expression and patient prognosis.RESULTS BCYRN1 expression was significantly higher in HCC compared to normal tissues and was linked to a poor prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics.Enrichment analysis showed that BCYRN1 regulates the extracellular matrix and transmission of signaling molecules,participates in the metabolism of nutrients,such as proteins,and participates in tumor-related pathways.BCYRN1 expression was linked to the tumor microenvironment,immune cell infiltration,drug sensitivity and the efficacy of immunotherapy.Furthermore,the meta-analysis in this study showed that BCYRN1 overexpression was related to a worse outcome in HCC patients.CONCLUSION Overexpression of BCYRN1 relates to poor prognosis and may be a potential prognostic factor and immunotherapeutic target in HCC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with proteinase 3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis(AAV)experience different manifestations at the initial onset and relapse.However,such cases of different initial and rela...BACKGROUND Patients with proteinase 3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis(AAV)experience different manifestations at the initial onset and relapse.However,such cases of different initial and relapse manifestations have not been reported in myeloperoxidase(MPO)-AAV patients.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of headache.Laboratory findings indicated nephrotic range proteinuria and microscopic hematuria,serum creatinine of 243μmol/L,anti-MPO antibody titer of>400 RU/mL,and positive perinuclearantineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody.Renal biopsy showed pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis.The cerebrospinal fluid examination and brain magnetic resonance imaging did not show any abnormality.Therefore,MPO-AAV was diagnosed.Corticosteroids,plasmapheresis,and cyclophosphamide as induction therapy and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)as maintenance therapy were administered.The patient’s headache disappeared;serum creatinine returned to normal;complete remission of microscopic hematuria and proteinuria was observed.Anti-MPO antibody titer reached normal limits after immunosuppressive treatment.Twenty-five months after stopping the immunosuppressive treatment,the patient relapsed with arthralgia,without neurological or renal involvement.The patient’s arthralgia improved after treatment with prednisone and MMF.CONCLUSION We have reported a rare case of MPO-AAV who initially presented with headache and kidney involvement.However,relapse presented with only arthralgia,which was completely different from the initial manifestations.This case suggests that AAV relapse should be highly suspected in MPO-AAV patients after remission,when clinical manifestations at relapse are different from those at onset.Prednisone and MMF may provide a good choice for refractory arthralgia during relapse in MPO-AAV patients.展开更多
Cytoplasmic effects are important agronomical phenomena that have generated widespread interest in both theory and application. In the present study, five high yield rice cultivars(Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) in la...Cytoplasmic effects are important agronomical phenomena that have generated widespread interest in both theory and application. In the present study, five high yield rice cultivars(Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) in large-scale cultivation in northeast China were determined to possess Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica-type cytoplasm using cytoplasmic subspecies-specific molecular markers. This was confirmed by cytoplasmic genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and functional gene sequencing. Two of these five japonica cultivars were core breeding parents with high yield and the other three were super-high-yield varieties registered by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. We constructed nuclear substitution lines to further demonstrate whether and how this indica-type cytoplasm contributed to yield improvement by comparing yield components. The results showed that under the same japonica nuclear background, the lines with indica-type cytoplasm had a significant decrease in tillers in exchange for increased grain number per panicle compared with their recurrent parents. Our results implied that botanical basis of this cytoplasmic effect was to reduce the plant's branching differentiation to produce more floral organs under the constant nutrition. Our findings open another door for the utilization of inter-subspecific hybridization for the improvement of rice cultivar.展开更多
LK783 was found to be a good fertility restorer for K-type male sterility of wheat. Microsatellite markers were employed to map the major restoring gene in LK783. Maintainer and restorer DNA pools were established usi...LK783 was found to be a good fertility restorer for K-type male sterility of wheat. Microsatellite markers were employed to map the major restoring gene in LK783. Maintainer and restorer DNA pools were established using the extreme sterile and fertile plants among (KJ5418A//911289/LK783)F1 population,respectively. Seventy-nine sets of SSR primers were screened for polymorphism between the two pools, 6 of which were found polymorphic. Linkage analysis showed that Xgwm11, Xgwm18 , Xgwm264a and Xgwm273were linked to the restoring gene in LK783, while Xgwm11, Xgwm18 and Xgwm273 were co-segregated. The distance between the Rf gene in LK783 and the three co-segregated markers was 6.54±4.37 cM, the distance between Rf gene and Xgwm264a was 5.71±4.10 cM. The four SSR markers were located on chromosome 1BS by amplifying the DNA of nulli-tetrasomics and ditelosomics of CS with the 4 sets of primers, indicating that the major restoring gene in LK783 was located on 1BS, but the relative location of the gene was different from Rfv1, allelism of the two genes should be further investigated. The breeding for new fertility restorer lines of K-type cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat would be facilitated by using the four polymorphic markers.展开更多
The abortive behaviour and the cytoplasm quality of cytoplasmic male-sterility(CMS)lines of homocaryon were investigated and the existence of C race of Bipolaris maydiswere discussed from the point of view of genetic ...The abortive behaviour and the cytoplasm quality of cytoplasmic male-sterility(CMS)lines of homocaryon were investigated and the existence of C race of Bipolaris maydiswere discussed from the point of view of genetic breeding,physiology and pathology in this paper.Then the countermeasures to prevent the danger from disease of B. maydis in CMS hybrid pro-duction were proposed.展开更多
Pepper hybrid seeds production using male sterility could lower cost by reducing time and labour, and increase thegenetic purity of the F1 seeds. To investigate the genetics of fertility restoration of the Peterson cy...Pepper hybrid seeds production using male sterility could lower cost by reducing time and labour, and increase thegenetic purity of the F1 seeds. To investigate the genetics of fertility restoration of the Peterson cytoplasmic sterility inpepper, a doubled haploid population of 115 pepper lines obtained from anther culture of the F1 hybrid between YoloWonder (sterility maintainer line) and Perennial (fertility restorer line) and the parental lines were test-crossed by 77013A(a strict cytoplasmic-genic male sterile line). The fertility of the test-crossed lines was assessed in greenhouse and openfield with the following three criteria: pollen index (PI, visual estimation of pollen amount per flower), pollen number (PN,pollen counting under microscope), and seed number (SN, the number of seeds per fruit in open pollination). Correlationsbetween the each couple of criteria within, as well as between the cultivation methods ranged from 0.55 to 0.84. Analysisof variance showed that the genotype (DH line) and environment were the significant sources of variation of the fertility.Narrow sense of heritance of fertility restoration ranged from 0.38 to 0.92, depending on the criteria and environment. Thedistribution of the progeny was continuous between the parental genotypes indicating the quantitative inheritance offertility restoration. Inferred from segregation according to Snape et al.(1984), the number of segregating genes wasestimated to be that three to four genetic factors were involved in pollen traits (PI and PN) and five to eight genetic factorsin seed production (SN). The heredity analysis of the CMS will be helpful for understanding of the genetic mechanism ofthe fertility restoration and the exploitation of the CMS in hybrid seed production.展开更多
Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases(RLCKs)represent a large family of proteins in plants.In Arabidopsis and rice,several RLCKs in subfamily VII(RLCKs-VII)have been implicated in pathogen-associated molecular pattern-tri...Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases(RLCKs)represent a large family of proteins in plants.In Arabidopsis and rice,several RLCKs in subfamily VII(RLCKs-VII)have been implicated in pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and basal resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens.However,little is known about roles of RLCKs-VII of the important crop common wheat(Triticum aestivum)in immune responses.Here,we isolated a RLCK-VII-encoding gene from wheat,designated as TaRLCK1B,and investigated its role in host immune response to infection of a necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis that is a major pathogen of sharp eyespot,a destructive disease of wheat.RNA-sequencing and RT-qPCR analyses showed that transcriptional level of TaRLCK1B was significantly higher in sharp eyespot-resistant wheat cultivars than in susceptible wheat cultivars.The gene transcription was rapidly and markedly elevated in the resistant wheat cultivars by R.cerealis infection.The TaRLCK1B protein was closely related to OsRLCK176,a rice resistance-related RLCKs-VII,with 84.03%identity.Virus-induced gene silencing plus wheat response to R.cerealis assay results indicated that silencing of TaRLCK1 impaired resistance to R.cerealis.Meantime,silencing of TaRLCK1 significantly elevated both the content of H2 O2(a major kind of reactive oxygen species,ROS)and the transcriptional level of the ROS-generating enzyme-encoding gene RBOH,but repressed the expression of the ROS-scavenging enzyme-encoding gene CAT1 at 18 hours after inoculation(hai)with R.cerealis.Taken together,these data suggested that TaRLCK1B was required for the early immune response of wheat to R.cerealis through modulating ROS signaling in wheat.展开更多
14 isoplasmic and allonuclear cytoplasmic male sterile lines were used as female parents, 8 tester lines as male parents, 101 F1 progenies were obtained. Fertility restoration response of 101 F1 progenies were investi...14 isoplasmic and allonuclear cytoplasmic male sterile lines were used as female parents, 8 tester lines as male parents, 101 F1 progenies were obtained. Fertility restoration response of 101 F1 progenies were investigated through field observation and pollen stainability examination under microscope. 14 isoplasmic and allonuclear cytoplasmic male sterile lines were developed by repeated backcross with recurrent male parent lines for more than 8 generations. The result shows: tester line Zifeng1 not only restored the isoplasmic and allonuclear sterile lines of group C backcrossed with Mo17, Yu30 and Heer, but also completely restored the isoplasmic and allonuclear cytoplasm male sterile lines of group T backcrossed with Mo17, HZS , 1792 ,292 and Yu30. Therefore, nuclear background limits the use of Zifeng1 as a tester for identification of cytoplasmic male sterility. Furthermore RFLPs of mitochondrial DNA of 6 isonuclear and alloplasmic cytoplasmic male sterile lines were analyzed with Bam H Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ restriction endonuclease and mitochondrial DNA probes pBcmH3 and Cox Ⅱ. The same RFLPs were found within sterile cytoplasm of group C, including C,Chuan G, Lei 2 and Lei 3, but a different RFLP pattern was observed among sterile cytoplasm of group S, C,T and the normal cytoplasm. This result suggested that the RFLP markers tightly linked to sterile mitochondrial genes of different groups could be applied in the identifcation of cytoplasmic male sterility.展开更多
A glutathione S-transferase gene (gst) has been introduced into restorers of cytoplasmic male sterility in upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L. ) using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A transviable pollens of ...A glutathione S-transferase gene (gst) has been introduced into restorers of cytoplasmic male sterility in upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L. ) using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A transviable pollens of hybrid (sterile line×restorer) F1. The hybrid gave 3.6 more bolls per plant, 10.1% less aborted seeds and 10.6% more lint yield when ‘Zheda strong restorer’ was used as male parent than when ‘DES-HAF277’ was. Southern and Northern bloting analysis showed that the foreign gst gene was detectable and highly expressed in ‘Zheda strong restorer’.展开更多
Mycophenolic acid, the active metabolite for mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolic sodium, is a strong, noncompetitive, reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, the key enzyme in de novo synthesis...Mycophenolic acid, the active metabolite for mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolic sodium, is a strong, noncompetitive, reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, the key enzyme in de novo synthesis of guanosine nucleotides leading to selective inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. Mycophenolic acid has been evaluated as induction and remission maintenance agent in the treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Since the course of disease of AAV usually requires long term immunosuppression, mycophenolate has been explored as a less toxic agent compared to cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. Mycophenolate is a potent immunosuppressive agent in the therapy of AAV, non-inferior to other available drugs with comparable side effect profile. Therefore, it could be a valuable alternative in cases of toxicity with life threatening side effects or intolerance to cyclophosphamide or azathioprine, in cases with high cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide, but also in cases with insufficient response. Several studies have shown a higher relapse rate following discontinuation of mycophenolate or in mycophenolate treated subjects that raises concerns about its usefulness in the treatment of AAV. This review describes the efficacy of mycophenolate in AAV as remission induction agent, as remission maintenance agent, and as therapeutic option in relapsing AAV disease, the relapse rate following discontinuation of mycophenolate, and the adverse events related to mycophenolate treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyassociated vasculitis(AAV)are classically thought to cause renal impairment and small vessel vasculitis with different pathophysiologi...BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyassociated vasculitis(AAV)are classically thought to cause renal impairment and small vessel vasculitis with different pathophysiologies.Their overlap constitutes a rare rheumatologic disease.To date,only dozens of such cases with biopsyproven glomerulonephritis have been reported worldwide typically in women of childbearing age.Here,we present a unique clinical case due to its rarity and individualized treatment of a Chinese man in his eighth decade of life.CASE SUMMARY A 77-year-old man was admitted to several hospitals for shortness of breath and received nonspecific treatments over the past 3 years.As his symptoms were not completely relieved,he visited our hospital for further treatment.Laboratory examinations revealed kidney dysfunction,severe anaemia,hypocomplementemia,glomerular proteinuria,and microscopic haematuria.Antinuclear antibodies,as well as anti-dsDNA antibodies,were positive.Computed tomography of the chest showed right pleural effusion.Renal biopsy was performed,and histology suggested crescentic glomerulonephritis,pauci-immune type.After treatment with plasmapheresis,glucocorticoid,and cyclophosphamide,the disease was in remission,and the patient remained in a stable condition for over 3 years post-hospital discharge.CONCLUSION Due to its complexity and rarity,SLE and AAV overlap syndrome is easily misdiagnosed.An accurate diagnosis and treatment at the earliest stage may significantly improve the condition and reduce irreversible organ injury.展开更多
The male-sterile line has been largely used in the hybrid seed production of pepper, which can effectively improve the efficiency of hybrid seed production. However, the formation mechanism of male sterility in pepper...The male-sterile line has been largely used in the hybrid seed production of pepper, which can effectively improve the efficiency of hybrid seed production. However, the formation mechanism of male sterility in pepper remains unclear. In the present study, we compared the gene expression patterns between pepper cytoplasmic male sterile line 9704 A and its maintainer 9704 B during floral bud development using RNA sequencing technology. A total of 547 976 and 2 416 Differentially Expressed Genes(DEGs) were identified in the stage S1, S2 and S3, respectively,and more than 70% of the DEGs were down-regulated in the sterile line. Gene Ontology(GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to further understand the functions of these identified DEGs. The results showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways of starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions. A number of genes, such as MS1, PME5, ATPB, and lots of transcription factors were found down-regulated in the sterile line, and we also identified a series of genes with large differences in expression patterns between sterile line and maintainer line. Collectively, our findings laid a foundation for further molecular breeding in pepper and provided new insights into its mechanism underlying the male sterility.展开更多
In 1985 Brinster et al. [1] observed that linearized DNA injected in the cytoplasm of mouse zygotes underwent spontaneous supercoiling within 24 h. This finding suggests that DNA prefers and functions best in tertiary...In 1985 Brinster et al. [1] observed that linearized DNA injected in the cytoplasm of mouse zygotes underwent spontaneous supercoiling within 24 h. This finding suggests that DNA prefers and functions best in tertiary structure. In an effort to improve the efficiency of transgenesis by cytoplasmic injection, DNA was condensed with MgCl2to form a three dimensional rod-shaped DNA prior to injection in pronuclear stage murine zygotes. The DNA used was enhanced green fluorescent protein on a cytomegalovirus promoter (CMV-EGFP) and served as a marker for gene integration and protein expression in culture conditions. The condensed CMV-EGFP construct was injected in the cytoplasm at 3 concentrations (100, n = 816;425, n = 464;and 625 μg/ml, n = 708). For comparison linear CMV-EGFP construct was injected into the pronucleus (5 μg/ml, n = 196) and into the cytoplasm (625 μg/ml, n = 628). In all treatment groups the control and buffer injected embryos developed similarly. Among DNA treatment groups, the highest development of fluorescing embryos was observed in zygotes injected in the cytoplasm with linear CMV-EGFP (625 μg/ml);however, zygotes injected in the cytoplasm with condensed CMV-EGFP (625 μg/ml) had the highest percentage (44%) of fluorescing embryos, the highest percentage (16.7%) of fluorescing morula and blastocysts, and the lowest percentage of fluorescence mosaicism at every stage of embryo development after 4 d in culture;thereby making it the best method for generating transgenic animals.展开更多
Renal involvement with rapidly progressive glomeru-lonephritis is a common manifestation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA) associated vasculitides, which is characterized by end-stage renal disease and high...Renal involvement with rapidly progressive glomeru-lonephritis is a common manifestation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA) associated vasculitides, which is characterized by end-stage renal disease and high mortality rates in untreated and/or late referral patients. The long-term renal survival has improved dramatically since the addition of cyclophosphamide(CYC) and recently of rituximab(RTX) in association with corticosteroids in the remission induction thera-peutic regimens. However, renal prognosis remains unfavorable for many patients and the mortality rate is still significantly high. In this review, we analyze the open challenges to be addressed to optimize the induction remission therapy, principally in patients with advanced kidney failure. This concern the first-line therapy(CYC or RTX) based on different parameters(estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline, new or relapsed disease, ANCA specificity, tissue injury, safety), the role of plasma exchange and the role of new therapies. Indeed, we discuss future perspectives in induction remission therapy by reporting recent advances in new targeted therapies with particular reference to avacopan, an orally administered selective C5a receptor inhibitor.展开更多
CMS/Rf systems in rice (Oryza sativa) have long been exploited for hybrid breeding to enhance productivity. Ying xiang CMS/Rf system is a new type. In this study, a mitochondrial comparative proteomic analysis of Ying...CMS/Rf systems in rice (Oryza sativa) have long been exploited for hybrid breeding to enhance productivity. Ying xiang CMS/Rf system is a new type. In this study, a mitochondrial comparative proteomic analysis of Ying xiang Sterile Line and its Maintain Line was started for a comprehensive investigation of the mitochondrial proteins’ functions in rice cytoplasmic male sterility. Mitochondria were prepared from rice shoots grown in the dark. Proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/ MS. Using Mascot, it was found that 7 proteins were not described previously for plant mitochondria, indicating novel mitochondrial functions. 3 of them were characterized.展开更多
Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus is one of the major viral pathogens for the silkworm. The immune response of silkworm to the virus infection is obscure. A phosphotriesterase-related protein gene of silkworm...Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus is one of the major viral pathogens for the silkworm. The immune response of silkworm to the virus infection is obscure. A phosphotriesterase-related protein gene of silkworm, Bombyx mori (BmPTERP) was found in our previous microarry analysis of the midgut infected with the virus. In the present study, we cloned and analyzed the full-length cDNA of BmPTERP gene by means of rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends (RACE) and bioinformatic analysis for exploring its functions in interaction between the silkworm and the virus. The nucleotide sequence of the gene is 1349-bp and contains a 131 bp 5’UTR and a 165 bp 3’UTR. The 1053 bp open reading frame encodes a 350 amino acid protein. The deduced protein contains specific hits of phosphotriesterase-related proteins and belongs to the amidohydrolase superfamily. RTPCR analysis revealed that BmPTERP gene was expressed in all the tissues tested, including midgut, hemocyte, gonad, fat body and silk gland. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the relative transcript of BmPTERP gene in the infected midgut was 19.32 fold lower than that in normal midgut at 72 hours post inoculation.展开更多
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait that suppresses the production of viable pollen. CMS is a useful biological tool for confinement strategies to facilitate coexistence of genetically mod...Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait that suppresses the production of viable pollen. CMS is a useful biological tool for confinement strategies to facilitate coexistence of genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops in case where it is required. The trait is reversible and can be restored to fertility in the presence of nuclear restorer genes (Rf genes) and by environmental impacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the level of irrigation on the stability of CMS maize hybrids under defined greenhouse conditions. Additionally the combination of irrigation and air temperature was studied. Three CMS maize hybrids were grown with different levels of irrigation and in different temperature regimes. Tassel characteristics, pollen production and fertility were assessed. The CMS stability was high in hot air temperatures and decreased in lower temperatures. The level of irrigation had no major effect on the level of sterility. The extent of these phenomena was depending on the genotype of CMS maize and should be known before using CMS for coexistence purposes.展开更多
A strain of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) was separated from the infected larva during the research of integrated pest management of Dendrolimus superans. The morphology bioassay histopathology andfield-test fo...A strain of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) was separated from the infected larva during the research of integrated pest management of Dendrolimus superans. The morphology bioassay histopathology andfield-test for this CPV were studied. The size of CPV is 0.16 μm ×1. 57μm and the virion is 16.0 nm × 58.1 nm.The Lc50 to the 3rd and 5th instar larva of Dendrolimus superans were 2.81 × 104 PlB/mL and 7. 17 ×104 PIB/mLrespectively. The polyhedrosis were formed after midgut of larva were infected for 72 h. A large amount of polyhedrosis was formed after 144 h. The mortality was more than 82% and average mortality was 84.62% when using1 .17× 10s PIB/mL virus suspension to control the pest in field test.展开更多
The cytoplasmic incompatibility in the field population of Culex pipiens complex from China and Japan was studied. The results of the crossing experiments between 11 different strains suggest that some Japanese strain...The cytoplasmic incompatibility in the field population of Culex pipiens complex from China and Japan was studied. The results of the crossing experiments between 11 different strains suggest that some Japanese strains might be possible to be used for control Chinese strains by using male sterile technique, and the heavy infection of wolbachiae in mosquitoes may have some relations with the cytoplasmic incompatibility in the field population of Cx. pipiens complex.展开更多
基金the Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,China(TJ-IRB20191012).
文摘Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody(ANCA)-associated vasculitis(AAV)is a rare and severe systemic autoimmune disease characterized by pauci-immune necrotizing inflammation of small blood vessels.AAV involves multiple organ systems throughout the body.Our knowledge of the pathogenesis of AAV has increased considerably in recent years,involving cellular,molecular and genetic factors.Because of the controlled environment with no other confounding factors,animal models are beneficial for studying the mechanistic details of disease development and for providing novel therapeutic targets with fewer toxic side effects.However,the complexity and heterogeneity of AAV make it very difficult to establish a single animal model that can fully represent the entire clinical spectrum found in patients.The aim of this review is to overview the current status of animal models for AAV,outline the pros and cons of methods,and propose potential directions for future research.
基金Supported by the 2021 Central-Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund,No.ZYYDDFFZZJ-1Gansu Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Treatment of Surgical Tumors,No.18JR2RA033+2 种基金Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment of National Health Commission,No.2019PT320005Key Talent Project of Gansu Province of the Organization Department of Gansu Provincial Party Committee,No.2020RCXM076Guiding Plan for Scientific and Technological Development of Lanzhou,No.2019-ZD-102.
文摘BACKGROUND The expression of brain cytoplasmic RNA1(BCYRN1)is linked to the clinicopathology and prognosis of several types of cancers,among which hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most frequent types of cancer worldwide.AIM To explore the prognostic value and immunotherapeutic potential of BCYRN1 in HCC by bioinformatics and meta-analysis.METHODS Information was obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database.First,the correlation between BCYRN1 expression and prognosis and clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC patients was explored.Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were employed to examine the relationship between BCYRN1 and HCC prognosis.Secondly,potential functions and pathways were explored by means of enrichment analysis of differentially-expressed genes.The relationships between BCYRN1 expression and tumor microenvironment,immune cell infiltration,immune checkpoint,drug sensitivity and immunotherapy effect were also investigated.Finally,three major databases were searched and used to conduct a meta-analysis on the relationship between BCYRN1 expression and patient prognosis.RESULTS BCYRN1 expression was significantly higher in HCC compared to normal tissues and was linked to a poor prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics.Enrichment analysis showed that BCYRN1 regulates the extracellular matrix and transmission of signaling molecules,participates in the metabolism of nutrients,such as proteins,and participates in tumor-related pathways.BCYRN1 expression was linked to the tumor microenvironment,immune cell infiltration,drug sensitivity and the efficacy of immunotherapy.Furthermore,the meta-analysis in this study showed that BCYRN1 overexpression was related to a worse outcome in HCC patients.CONCLUSION Overexpression of BCYRN1 relates to poor prognosis and may be a potential prognostic factor and immunotherapeutic target in HCC.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with proteinase 3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis(AAV)experience different manifestations at the initial onset and relapse.However,such cases of different initial and relapse manifestations have not been reported in myeloperoxidase(MPO)-AAV patients.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of headache.Laboratory findings indicated nephrotic range proteinuria and microscopic hematuria,serum creatinine of 243μmol/L,anti-MPO antibody titer of>400 RU/mL,and positive perinuclearantineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody.Renal biopsy showed pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis.The cerebrospinal fluid examination and brain magnetic resonance imaging did not show any abnormality.Therefore,MPO-AAV was diagnosed.Corticosteroids,plasmapheresis,and cyclophosphamide as induction therapy and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)as maintenance therapy were administered.The patient’s headache disappeared;serum creatinine returned to normal;complete remission of microscopic hematuria and proteinuria was observed.Anti-MPO antibody titer reached normal limits after immunosuppressive treatment.Twenty-five months after stopping the immunosuppressive treatment,the patient relapsed with arthralgia,without neurological or renal involvement.The patient’s arthralgia improved after treatment with prednisone and MMF.CONCLUSION We have reported a rare case of MPO-AAV who initially presented with headache and kidney involvement.However,relapse presented with only arthralgia,which was completely different from the initial manifestations.This case suggests that AAV relapse should be highly suspected in MPO-AAV patients after remission,when clinical manifestations at relapse are different from those at onset.Prednisone and MMF may provide a good choice for refractory arthralgia during relapse in MPO-AAV patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371587 and 31430062)the Cultivation Plan for Youth Agricultural Science and Technology Innovative Talents of Liaoning Province (2014046)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (2014M560221)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT), China
文摘Cytoplasmic effects are important agronomical phenomena that have generated widespread interest in both theory and application. In the present study, five high yield rice cultivars(Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) in large-scale cultivation in northeast China were determined to possess Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica-type cytoplasm using cytoplasmic subspecies-specific molecular markers. This was confirmed by cytoplasmic genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and functional gene sequencing. Two of these five japonica cultivars were core breeding parents with high yield and the other three were super-high-yield varieties registered by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. We constructed nuclear substitution lines to further demonstrate whether and how this indica-type cytoplasm contributed to yield improvement by comparing yield components. The results showed that under the same japonica nuclear background, the lines with indica-type cytoplasm had a significant decrease in tillers in exchange for increased grain number per panicle compared with their recurrent parents. Our results implied that botanical basis of this cytoplasmic effect was to reduce the plant's branching differentiation to produce more floral organs under the constant nutrition. Our findings open another door for the utilization of inter-subspecific hybridization for the improvement of rice cultivar.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.39900088).
文摘LK783 was found to be a good fertility restorer for K-type male sterility of wheat. Microsatellite markers were employed to map the major restoring gene in LK783. Maintainer and restorer DNA pools were established using the extreme sterile and fertile plants among (KJ5418A//911289/LK783)F1 population,respectively. Seventy-nine sets of SSR primers were screened for polymorphism between the two pools, 6 of which were found polymorphic. Linkage analysis showed that Xgwm11, Xgwm18 , Xgwm264a and Xgwm273were linked to the restoring gene in LK783, while Xgwm11, Xgwm18 and Xgwm273 were co-segregated. The distance between the Rf gene in LK783 and the three co-segregated markers was 6.54±4.37 cM, the distance between Rf gene and Xgwm264a was 5.71±4.10 cM. The four SSR markers were located on chromosome 1BS by amplifying the DNA of nulli-tetrasomics and ditelosomics of CS with the 4 sets of primers, indicating that the major restoring gene in LK783 was located on 1BS, but the relative location of the gene was different from Rfv1, allelism of the two genes should be further investigated. The breeding for new fertility restorer lines of K-type cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat would be facilitated by using the four polymorphic markers.
文摘The abortive behaviour and the cytoplasm quality of cytoplasmic male-sterility(CMS)lines of homocaryon were investigated and the existence of C race of Bipolaris maydiswere discussed from the point of view of genetic breeding,physiology and pathology in this paper.Then the countermeasures to prevent the danger from disease of B. maydis in CMS hybrid pro-duction were proposed.
基金The study was funded by the National 863 Program, China （2002AA207012-1-3, 2001AA241121-9）the National Natural Science Foundation of China （3980453）.
文摘Pepper hybrid seeds production using male sterility could lower cost by reducing time and labour, and increase thegenetic purity of the F1 seeds. To investigate the genetics of fertility restoration of the Peterson cytoplasmic sterility inpepper, a doubled haploid population of 115 pepper lines obtained from anther culture of the F1 hybrid between YoloWonder (sterility maintainer line) and Perennial (fertility restorer line) and the parental lines were test-crossed by 77013A(a strict cytoplasmic-genic male sterile line). The fertility of the test-crossed lines was assessed in greenhouse and openfield with the following three criteria: pollen index (PI, visual estimation of pollen amount per flower), pollen number (PN,pollen counting under microscope), and seed number (SN, the number of seeds per fruit in open pollination). Correlationsbetween the each couple of criteria within, as well as between the cultivation methods ranged from 0.55 to 0.84. Analysisof variance showed that the genotype (DH line) and environment were the significant sources of variation of the fertility.Narrow sense of heritance of fertility restoration ranged from 0.38 to 0.92, depending on the criteria and environment. Thedistribution of the progeny was continuous between the parental genotypes indicating the quantitative inheritance offertility restoration. Inferred from segregation according to Snape et al.(1984), the number of segregating genes wasestimated to be that three to four genetic factors were involved in pollen traits (PI and PN) and five to eight genetic factorsin seed production (SN). The heredity analysis of the CMS will be helpful for understanding of the genetic mechanism ofthe fertility restoration and the exploitation of the CMS in hybrid seed production.
基金This study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(31771789)the National Key Project for Research on Transgenic Biology,China(2016ZX08002-001-004)+1 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2018QNRC001)The authors are very grateful to Prof.Jia Jizeng(ICS,CAAS)for providing the RIL population and Prof.Yu Jinfeng(Shandong Agricultural University,Shandong)for providing R.cerealis strain WK207.
文摘Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases(RLCKs)represent a large family of proteins in plants.In Arabidopsis and rice,several RLCKs in subfamily VII(RLCKs-VII)have been implicated in pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and basal resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens.However,little is known about roles of RLCKs-VII of the important crop common wheat(Triticum aestivum)in immune responses.Here,we isolated a RLCK-VII-encoding gene from wheat,designated as TaRLCK1B,and investigated its role in host immune response to infection of a necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis that is a major pathogen of sharp eyespot,a destructive disease of wheat.RNA-sequencing and RT-qPCR analyses showed that transcriptional level of TaRLCK1B was significantly higher in sharp eyespot-resistant wheat cultivars than in susceptible wheat cultivars.The gene transcription was rapidly and markedly elevated in the resistant wheat cultivars by R.cerealis infection.The TaRLCK1B protein was closely related to OsRLCK176,a rice resistance-related RLCKs-VII,with 84.03%identity.Virus-induced gene silencing plus wheat response to R.cerealis assay results indicated that silencing of TaRLCK1 impaired resistance to R.cerealis.Meantime,silencing of TaRLCK1 significantly elevated both the content of H2 O2(a major kind of reactive oxygen species,ROS)and the transcriptional level of the ROS-generating enzyme-encoding gene RBOH,but repressed the expression of the ROS-scavenging enzyme-encoding gene CAT1 at 18 hours after inoculation(hai)with R.cerealis.Taken together,these data suggested that TaRLCK1B was required for the early immune response of wheat to R.cerealis through modulating ROS signaling in wheat.
文摘14 isoplasmic and allonuclear cytoplasmic male sterile lines were used as female parents, 8 tester lines as male parents, 101 F1 progenies were obtained. Fertility restoration response of 101 F1 progenies were investigated through field observation and pollen stainability examination under microscope. 14 isoplasmic and allonuclear cytoplasmic male sterile lines were developed by repeated backcross with recurrent male parent lines for more than 8 generations. The result shows: tester line Zifeng1 not only restored the isoplasmic and allonuclear sterile lines of group C backcrossed with Mo17, Yu30 and Heer, but also completely restored the isoplasmic and allonuclear cytoplasm male sterile lines of group T backcrossed with Mo17, HZS , 1792 ,292 and Yu30. Therefore, nuclear background limits the use of Zifeng1 as a tester for identification of cytoplasmic male sterility. Furthermore RFLPs of mitochondrial DNA of 6 isonuclear and alloplasmic cytoplasmic male sterile lines were analyzed with Bam H Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ restriction endonuclease and mitochondrial DNA probes pBcmH3 and Cox Ⅱ. The same RFLPs were found within sterile cytoplasm of group C, including C,Chuan G, Lei 2 and Lei 3, but a different RFLP pattern was observed among sterile cytoplasm of group S, C,T and the normal cytoplasm. This result suggested that the RFLP markers tightly linked to sterile mitochondrial genes of different groups could be applied in the identifcation of cytoplasmic male sterility.
基金supported by grants from the National Program of Plant Gene Transfer(J00-B-002-10)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,2001AA212081)the Research Programs of the Ministry of Education P.C.R.(0114).
文摘A glutathione S-transferase gene (gst) has been introduced into restorers of cytoplasmic male sterility in upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L. ) using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A transviable pollens of hybrid (sterile line×restorer) F1. The hybrid gave 3.6 more bolls per plant, 10.1% less aborted seeds and 10.6% more lint yield when ‘Zheda strong restorer’ was used as male parent than when ‘DES-HAF277’ was. Southern and Northern bloting analysis showed that the foreign gst gene was detectable and highly expressed in ‘Zheda strong restorer’.
文摘Mycophenolic acid, the active metabolite for mycophenolate mofetil and mycophenolic sodium, is a strong, noncompetitive, reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, the key enzyme in de novo synthesis of guanosine nucleotides leading to selective inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. Mycophenolic acid has been evaluated as induction and remission maintenance agent in the treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Since the course of disease of AAV usually requires long term immunosuppression, mycophenolate has been explored as a less toxic agent compared to cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. Mycophenolate is a potent immunosuppressive agent in the therapy of AAV, non-inferior to other available drugs with comparable side effect profile. Therefore, it could be a valuable alternative in cases of toxicity with life threatening side effects or intolerance to cyclophosphamide or azathioprine, in cases with high cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide, but also in cases with insufficient response. Several studies have shown a higher relapse rate following discontinuation of mycophenolate or in mycophenolate treated subjects that raises concerns about its usefulness in the treatment of AAV. This review describes the efficacy of mycophenolate in AAV as remission induction agent, as remission maintenance agent, and as therapeutic option in relapsing AAV disease, the relapse rate following discontinuation of mycophenolate, and the adverse events related to mycophenolate treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodyassociated vasculitis(AAV)are classically thought to cause renal impairment and small vessel vasculitis with different pathophysiologies.Their overlap constitutes a rare rheumatologic disease.To date,only dozens of such cases with biopsyproven glomerulonephritis have been reported worldwide typically in women of childbearing age.Here,we present a unique clinical case due to its rarity and individualized treatment of a Chinese man in his eighth decade of life.CASE SUMMARY A 77-year-old man was admitted to several hospitals for shortness of breath and received nonspecific treatments over the past 3 years.As his symptoms were not completely relieved,he visited our hospital for further treatment.Laboratory examinations revealed kidney dysfunction,severe anaemia,hypocomplementemia,glomerular proteinuria,and microscopic haematuria.Antinuclear antibodies,as well as anti-dsDNA antibodies,were positive.Computed tomography of the chest showed right pleural effusion.Renal biopsy was performed,and histology suggested crescentic glomerulonephritis,pauci-immune type.After treatment with plasmapheresis,glucocorticoid,and cyclophosphamide,the disease was in remission,and the patient remained in a stable condition for over 3 years post-hospital discharge.CONCLUSION Due to its complexity and rarity,SLE and AAV overlap syndrome is easily misdiagnosed.An accurate diagnosis and treatment at the earliest stage may significantly improve the condition and reduce irreversible organ injury.
基金This work was supported by China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-23-G29).
文摘The male-sterile line has been largely used in the hybrid seed production of pepper, which can effectively improve the efficiency of hybrid seed production. However, the formation mechanism of male sterility in pepper remains unclear. In the present study, we compared the gene expression patterns between pepper cytoplasmic male sterile line 9704 A and its maintainer 9704 B during floral bud development using RNA sequencing technology. A total of 547 976 and 2 416 Differentially Expressed Genes(DEGs) were identified in the stage S1, S2 and S3, respectively,and more than 70% of the DEGs were down-regulated in the sterile line. Gene Ontology(GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to further understand the functions of these identified DEGs. The results showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways of starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions. A number of genes, such as MS1, PME5, ATPB, and lots of transcription factors were found down-regulated in the sterile line, and we also identified a series of genes with large differences in expression patterns between sterile line and maintainer line. Collectively, our findings laid a foundation for further molecular breeding in pepper and provided new insights into its mechanism underlying the male sterility.
文摘In 1985 Brinster et al. [1] observed that linearized DNA injected in the cytoplasm of mouse zygotes underwent spontaneous supercoiling within 24 h. This finding suggests that DNA prefers and functions best in tertiary structure. In an effort to improve the efficiency of transgenesis by cytoplasmic injection, DNA was condensed with MgCl2to form a three dimensional rod-shaped DNA prior to injection in pronuclear stage murine zygotes. The DNA used was enhanced green fluorescent protein on a cytomegalovirus promoter (CMV-EGFP) and served as a marker for gene integration and protein expression in culture conditions. The condensed CMV-EGFP construct was injected in the cytoplasm at 3 concentrations (100, n = 816;425, n = 464;and 625 μg/ml, n = 708). For comparison linear CMV-EGFP construct was injected into the pronucleus (5 μg/ml, n = 196) and into the cytoplasm (625 μg/ml, n = 628). In all treatment groups the control and buffer injected embryos developed similarly. Among DNA treatment groups, the highest development of fluorescing embryos was observed in zygotes injected in the cytoplasm with linear CMV-EGFP (625 μg/ml);however, zygotes injected in the cytoplasm with condensed CMV-EGFP (625 μg/ml) had the highest percentage (44%) of fluorescing embryos, the highest percentage (16.7%) of fluorescing morula and blastocysts, and the lowest percentage of fluorescence mosaicism at every stage of embryo development after 4 d in culture;thereby making it the best method for generating transgenic animals.
文摘Renal involvement with rapidly progressive glomeru-lonephritis is a common manifestation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA) associated vasculitides, which is characterized by end-stage renal disease and high mortality rates in untreated and/or late referral patients. The long-term renal survival has improved dramatically since the addition of cyclophosphamide(CYC) and recently of rituximab(RTX) in association with corticosteroids in the remission induction thera-peutic regimens. However, renal prognosis remains unfavorable for many patients and the mortality rate is still significantly high. In this review, we analyze the open challenges to be addressed to optimize the induction remission therapy, principally in patients with advanced kidney failure. This concern the first-line therapy(CYC or RTX) based on different parameters(estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline, new or relapsed disease, ANCA specificity, tissue injury, safety), the role of plasma exchange and the role of new therapies. Indeed, we discuss future perspectives in induction remission therapy by reporting recent advances in new targeted therapies with particular reference to avacopan, an orally administered selective C5a receptor inhibitor.
文摘CMS/Rf systems in rice (Oryza sativa) have long been exploited for hybrid breeding to enhance productivity. Ying xiang CMS/Rf system is a new type. In this study, a mitochondrial comparative proteomic analysis of Ying xiang Sterile Line and its Maintain Line was started for a comprehensive investigation of the mitochondrial proteins’ functions in rice cytoplasmic male sterility. Mitochondria were prepared from rice shoots grown in the dark. Proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/ MS. Using Mascot, it was found that 7 proteins were not described previously for plant mitochondria, indicating novel mitochondrial functions. 3 of them were characterized.
文摘Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus is one of the major viral pathogens for the silkworm. The immune response of silkworm to the virus infection is obscure. A phosphotriesterase-related protein gene of silkworm, Bombyx mori (BmPTERP) was found in our previous microarry analysis of the midgut infected with the virus. In the present study, we cloned and analyzed the full-length cDNA of BmPTERP gene by means of rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends (RACE) and bioinformatic analysis for exploring its functions in interaction between the silkworm and the virus. The nucleotide sequence of the gene is 1349-bp and contains a 131 bp 5’UTR and a 165 bp 3’UTR. The 1053 bp open reading frame encodes a 350 amino acid protein. The deduced protein contains specific hits of phosphotriesterase-related proteins and belongs to the amidohydrolase superfamily. RTPCR analysis revealed that BmPTERP gene was expressed in all the tissues tested, including midgut, hemocyte, gonad, fat body and silk gland. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the relative transcript of BmPTERP gene in the infected midgut was 19.32 fold lower than that in normal midgut at 72 hours post inoculation.
文摘Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait that suppresses the production of viable pollen. CMS is a useful biological tool for confinement strategies to facilitate coexistence of genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops in case where it is required. The trait is reversible and can be restored to fertility in the presence of nuclear restorer genes (Rf genes) and by environmental impacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the level of irrigation on the stability of CMS maize hybrids under defined greenhouse conditions. Additionally the combination of irrigation and air temperature was studied. Three CMS maize hybrids were grown with different levels of irrigation and in different temperature regimes. Tassel characteristics, pollen production and fertility were assessed. The CMS stability was high in hot air temperatures and decreased in lower temperatures. The level of irrigation had no major effect on the level of sterility. The extent of these phenomena was depending on the genotype of CMS maize and should be known before using CMS for coexistence purposes.
文摘A strain of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) was separated from the infected larva during the research of integrated pest management of Dendrolimus superans. The morphology bioassay histopathology andfield-test for this CPV were studied. The size of CPV is 0.16 μm ×1. 57μm and the virion is 16.0 nm × 58.1 nm.The Lc50 to the 3rd and 5th instar larva of Dendrolimus superans were 2.81 × 104 PlB/mL and 7. 17 ×104 PIB/mLrespectively. The polyhedrosis were formed after midgut of larva were infected for 72 h. A large amount of polyhedrosis was formed after 144 h. The mortality was more than 82% and average mortality was 84.62% when using1 .17× 10s PIB/mL virus suspension to control the pest in field test.
基金This study was supported by the research grant from Chinese Academy of Sciences and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 1981.
文摘The cytoplasmic incompatibility in the field population of Culex pipiens complex from China and Japan was studied. The results of the crossing experiments between 11 different strains suggest that some Japanese strains might be possible to be used for control Chinese strains by using male sterile technique, and the heavy infection of wolbachiae in mosquitoes may have some relations with the cytoplasmic incompatibility in the field population of Cx. pipiens complex.
