Natural products have long been a crucial source of,or provided inspiration for new agrochemical discovery.Naturally occurring 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid shows broad-spectrum bioactivities and is a potential skeleton fo...Natural products have long been a crucial source of,or provided inspiration for new agrochemical discovery.Naturally occurring 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid shows broad-spectrum bioactivities and is a potential skeleton for novel drug discovery.To extend the utility of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid for agricultural uses,a series of novel 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid amide derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their antibacterial potency.Notably,compound 5k showed good antibacterial activity in vitro against Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo,EC50=3.64 mg L–1),and excellent protective activity(54.68%)against Xoo in vivo.Compound 5k induced excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the tested pathogens,resulting in damaging the bacterial cell envelope.More interestingly,compound 5k could increase the activities of plant defense enzymes including catalase,superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and phenylalanine ammonia lyase.Taken together,these enjoyable results suggested that designed compounds derived from 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid showed potential for controlling intractable plant bacterial diseases by disturbing the balance of the phytopathogen’s redox system and activating the plant defense system.展开更多
In this research,green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles(MgO NPs)from lemon fruit extracts and their fungicidal potential was evaluated against Alternaria dauci infection on carrot(Daucus carota L.)under green...In this research,green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles(MgO NPs)from lemon fruit extracts and their fungicidal potential was evaluated against Alternaria dauci infection on carrot(Daucus carota L.)under greenhouse conditions.The scanning and transmission electron microscopy(SEM and TEM)and ultra-violet(UV)visible spectroscopy were used to validate and characterize MgO NPs.The crystalline nature of MgONPs was determined using selected area electron diffraction(SAED).MgO NPs triggered substantial antifungal activity against A.dauci when exposed to 50 and 100 mg L^(–1)concentrations but the higher antifungal potential was noticed in 100 mg L^(–1)under invitro conditions.In fungal inoculated plants,a marked decrease in growth,photosynthetic pigments,and an increase in phenol,proline contents,and defense-related enzymes of carrot were seen over control(distilled water).However,foliar application of MgO NPs at 50 and 100 mg L^(–1)resulted in significant improvement of plant growth,photosynthetic pigments,phenol and proline contents,and defense enzymes activity of carrots with and without A.dauci infection.Spraying of MgO NPs at 100 mg L^(–1)had more plant length(17.11%),shoot dry weight(34.38%),plant fresh weight(20.46%),and root dry weight(49.09%)in carrots when challenged with A.dauci over inoculated control.The leaf blight indices and percent disease severity were also reduced in A.dauci inoculated plants when sprayed with MgO NPs.The non-bonding interactions of Alternaria genus protein with nanoparticles were studied using molecular docking.展开更多
Soybean(Glycine max(Linn.)Merr.)annual leguminous crop is cultivated all over the world.The occurrence of diseases has a great impact on the yield and quality of soybean.In this study,based on the RNA-seq of soybean v...Soybean(Glycine max(Linn.)Merr.)annual leguminous crop is cultivated all over the world.The occurrence of diseases has a great impact on the yield and quality of soybean.In this study,based on the RNA-seq of soybean variety M18,a complete CDS(Coding sequence)GmPR1L of the pathogenesis-related protein 1 family was obtained,which has the ability to resist fungal diseases.The overexpression vector and interference expression vector were transferred into tobacco NC89,and the resistance of transgenic tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)to Botrytis cinerea infection was identified.The results show that:Compared with the control,the activities of related defense enzymes SOD(Superoxide dismutase),POD(Peroxidase),PAL(L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase)and PPO(Polyphenol oxidase)in the over-expressed transgenic tobacco OEA1 and OEA2 increased to different degrees,and increased significantly at different infection time points.The activities of defense enzymes in the interfering strains IEA1 and IEA2 were significantly lower than those in the control strains.The results of resistance level identification showed that the disease spot rate of OEA1 was significantly lower than that of the control line,and the disease spot rate of OEA2 was significantly lower than that of the control line.The plaque rate of the interfering expression line IEA1-IEA2 was significantly higher than that of the control line.It is preliminarily believed that the process related protein GmPR1L can improve the resistance of tobacco to B.cinerea.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to study the physiological mechanism of Oncidium hybridum‘Gower Ramsey’infected by Erwinia carotovora pv.carotovora.[Method]O.hybridum‘Gower Ramsey’was inoculated with E.carotovora by need...[Objective]The paper was to study the physiological mechanism of Oncidium hybridum‘Gower Ramsey’infected by Erwinia carotovora pv.carotovora.[Method]O.hybridum‘Gower Ramsey’was inoculated with E.carotovora by needle-punching method.The leaves inoculated with sterile water were used as control,and samples were collected at 12,24,36 and 48 h post inoculations to determine the physiological indexes,respectively.[Result]The contents of MDA,flavonoid,lignin,soluble protein and the activities of POD,SOD,CAT,PPO and PAL in O.hybridum leaves first increased then decreased.At 12 h post inoculation,the activities of SOD and CAT increased significantly by 40.49%and 37.77%(P<0.01,the same below),respectively;the contents of flavonoid increased significantly by 21.56%(P<0.05,the same below);and the activities of PAL,POD and PPO increased significantly by 42.29%,81.8%and 37.98%,respectively.The contents of MDA and lignin increased significantly by 57.98%and 58.72%at 24 h,respectively;the content of soluble protein increased by 87.71%at 24 h,and 61.28%at 36 h,while the content of Pro increased at 24 h(P>0.05,the same below),and increased significantly by 23.66%at 36 h;the content of soluble sugar content had no significant difference compared with the control.Additionally,the chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents tended to decrease dramatically,while chlorophyll b increased significantly by 95.33%at 24 h,then decreased.The initial fluorescence parameter of Fm/Fv and Y(II)decreased significantly by 47.14%and 54.61%,respectively,while the Y(NO)increased significantly by 33.61%,compared with the control.[Conclusion]The contents of Pro,MDA,lignin,soluble protein and the activities of POD,SOD,CAT,PPO and PAL in O.hybridum leaves are closely related to the infection of E.carotovora,which provide new clues for revealing the infection mechanism of E.carotovora in O.hybridum.展开更多
Brown rot or bacterial wilt of potato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is an economically important disease. Potato, cv. Nicola, was found to be relatively highly resistant to the infection with R. solanacearum and s...Brown rot or bacterial wilt of potato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is an economically important disease. Potato, cv. Nicola, was found to be relatively highly resistant to the infection with R. solanacearum and showed 15.12% wilt disease index, meantime, cv. Kara showed intermediate resistance with 37.40% disease index while, cv. Spunta was susceptible and showed 80.33% disease index. The role of defense-related enzymes in imparting resistance in potato against R. solanacearum was investigated by quantifying enzymes activity and gene expression of three defense- related enzymes, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase. Peroxidase showed maximum activity 0.488 min<sup>-1</sup>·g<sup>-1</sup> early at 12 h after pathogen inoculation in the cv. Nicola, whereas in susceptible cultivar Spunta showed lower activity of maximum 0.226 min<sup>-1</sup>·g<sup>-1</sup> later at 48 h after inoculation. While, the moderately resistant cultivar Kara showed intermediate activity for the peak and its time. Meanwhile, polyphenol oxidase showed similar trends to that of peroxidase. On the contrary, catalase showed the highest activity values in the susceptible, cv. Spunta, while, in relatively highly resistant (cv. Nicola) and the moderately resistant (cv. Kara) showed lower values of activity and up to 96 h after inoculation. Meanwhile, gene expression of related enzymes the RT-PCR was used. At zero time, the relatively highly resistant potato cultivar, Nicola, showed the highest values of gene expression for both Peroxidase (POD) and Poly Phenol Oxidase (PPO). While, the susceptible potato cultivar, Spunta showed the lowest values. On the contrary, Catalase (CAT) gene expression was the highest in the susceptible, cv. Spunta, and was the lowest in the relatively highly resistant, cv. Nicola, while, was of intermediate values in the intermediate resistance, cv. Kara. Results show that peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities can be used as biochemical markers to reveal the resistance and susceptibility nature of potato cultivars against bacterial wilt disease of potato caused by R. solanacaerum.展开更多
基金fundings provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21877021 and 32160661)the Guizhou Provincial S&T Program[(2018)4007]the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China(D20023,111 Program).
文摘Natural products have long been a crucial source of,or provided inspiration for new agrochemical discovery.Naturally occurring 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid shows broad-spectrum bioactivities and is a potential skeleton for novel drug discovery.To extend the utility of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid for agricultural uses,a series of novel 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid amide derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their antibacterial potency.Notably,compound 5k showed good antibacterial activity in vitro against Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo,EC50=3.64 mg L–1),and excellent protective activity(54.68%)against Xoo in vivo.Compound 5k induced excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the tested pathogens,resulting in damaging the bacterial cell envelope.More interestingly,compound 5k could increase the activities of plant defense enzymes including catalase,superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and phenylalanine ammonia lyase.Taken together,these enjoyable results suggested that designed compounds derived from 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid showed potential for controlling intractable plant bacterial diseases by disturbing the balance of the phytopathogen’s redox system and activating the plant defense system.
基金the Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP2023R339)at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘In this research,green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles(MgO NPs)from lemon fruit extracts and their fungicidal potential was evaluated against Alternaria dauci infection on carrot(Daucus carota L.)under greenhouse conditions.The scanning and transmission electron microscopy(SEM and TEM)and ultra-violet(UV)visible spectroscopy were used to validate and characterize MgO NPs.The crystalline nature of MgONPs was determined using selected area electron diffraction(SAED).MgO NPs triggered substantial antifungal activity against A.dauci when exposed to 50 and 100 mg L^(–1)concentrations but the higher antifungal potential was noticed in 100 mg L^(–1)under invitro conditions.In fungal inoculated plants,a marked decrease in growth,photosynthetic pigments,and an increase in phenol,proline contents,and defense-related enzymes of carrot were seen over control(distilled water).However,foliar application of MgO NPs at 50 and 100 mg L^(–1)resulted in significant improvement of plant growth,photosynthetic pigments,phenol and proline contents,and defense enzymes activity of carrots with and without A.dauci infection.Spraying of MgO NPs at 100 mg L^(–1)had more plant length(17.11%),shoot dry weight(34.38%),plant fresh weight(20.46%),and root dry weight(49.09%)in carrots when challenged with A.dauci over inoculated control.The leaf blight indices and percent disease severity were also reduced in A.dauci inoculated plants when sprayed with MgO NPs.The non-bonding interactions of Alternaria genus protein with nanoparticles were studied using molecular docking.
基金This work was supported by Major Science and Technology Projects(20210302002NC)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project,Grant Number 20190103120JH+2 种基金Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan—Outstanding Young Talents Fund Project,Grant Number 20190103120JThe Fourth Batch of Jilin Province Youth Science and Technology Talent Support Project,Grant Number QT202020National Natural Science Foundation of China Projects,Grant Number 31801381.
文摘Soybean(Glycine max(Linn.)Merr.)annual leguminous crop is cultivated all over the world.The occurrence of diseases has a great impact on the yield and quality of soybean.In this study,based on the RNA-seq of soybean variety M18,a complete CDS(Coding sequence)GmPR1L of the pathogenesis-related protein 1 family was obtained,which has the ability to resist fungal diseases.The overexpression vector and interference expression vector were transferred into tobacco NC89,and the resistance of transgenic tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)to Botrytis cinerea infection was identified.The results show that:Compared with the control,the activities of related defense enzymes SOD(Superoxide dismutase),POD(Peroxidase),PAL(L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase)and PPO(Polyphenol oxidase)in the over-expressed transgenic tobacco OEA1 and OEA2 increased to different degrees,and increased significantly at different infection time points.The activities of defense enzymes in the interfering strains IEA1 and IEA2 were significantly lower than those in the control strains.The results of resistance level identification showed that the disease spot rate of OEA1 was significantly lower than that of the control line,and the disease spot rate of OEA2 was significantly lower than that of the control line.The plaque rate of the interfering expression line IEA1-IEA2 was significantly higher than that of the control line.It is preliminarily believed that the process related protein GmPR1L can improve the resistance of tobacco to B.cinerea.
基金Young and Middle-aged Teacher Educational Research Project of Fujian Province(KLA19009A)&Major Agricultural Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province(2015NZ0002-1)&Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(KF2015108).
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study the physiological mechanism of Oncidium hybridum‘Gower Ramsey’infected by Erwinia carotovora pv.carotovora.[Method]O.hybridum‘Gower Ramsey’was inoculated with E.carotovora by needle-punching method.The leaves inoculated with sterile water were used as control,and samples were collected at 12,24,36 and 48 h post inoculations to determine the physiological indexes,respectively.[Result]The contents of MDA,flavonoid,lignin,soluble protein and the activities of POD,SOD,CAT,PPO and PAL in O.hybridum leaves first increased then decreased.At 12 h post inoculation,the activities of SOD and CAT increased significantly by 40.49%and 37.77%(P<0.01,the same below),respectively;the contents of flavonoid increased significantly by 21.56%(P<0.05,the same below);and the activities of PAL,POD and PPO increased significantly by 42.29%,81.8%and 37.98%,respectively.The contents of MDA and lignin increased significantly by 57.98%and 58.72%at 24 h,respectively;the content of soluble protein increased by 87.71%at 24 h,and 61.28%at 36 h,while the content of Pro increased at 24 h(P>0.05,the same below),and increased significantly by 23.66%at 36 h;the content of soluble sugar content had no significant difference compared with the control.Additionally,the chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents tended to decrease dramatically,while chlorophyll b increased significantly by 95.33%at 24 h,then decreased.The initial fluorescence parameter of Fm/Fv and Y(II)decreased significantly by 47.14%and 54.61%,respectively,while the Y(NO)increased significantly by 33.61%,compared with the control.[Conclusion]The contents of Pro,MDA,lignin,soluble protein and the activities of POD,SOD,CAT,PPO and PAL in O.hybridum leaves are closely related to the infection of E.carotovora,which provide new clues for revealing the infection mechanism of E.carotovora in O.hybridum.
文摘Brown rot or bacterial wilt of potato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is an economically important disease. Potato, cv. Nicola, was found to be relatively highly resistant to the infection with R. solanacearum and showed 15.12% wilt disease index, meantime, cv. Kara showed intermediate resistance with 37.40% disease index while, cv. Spunta was susceptible and showed 80.33% disease index. The role of defense-related enzymes in imparting resistance in potato against R. solanacearum was investigated by quantifying enzymes activity and gene expression of three defense- related enzymes, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase. Peroxidase showed maximum activity 0.488 min<sup>-1</sup>·g<sup>-1</sup> early at 12 h after pathogen inoculation in the cv. Nicola, whereas in susceptible cultivar Spunta showed lower activity of maximum 0.226 min<sup>-1</sup>·g<sup>-1</sup> later at 48 h after inoculation. While, the moderately resistant cultivar Kara showed intermediate activity for the peak and its time. Meanwhile, polyphenol oxidase showed similar trends to that of peroxidase. On the contrary, catalase showed the highest activity values in the susceptible, cv. Spunta, while, in relatively highly resistant (cv. Nicola) and the moderately resistant (cv. Kara) showed lower values of activity and up to 96 h after inoculation. Meanwhile, gene expression of related enzymes the RT-PCR was used. At zero time, the relatively highly resistant potato cultivar, Nicola, showed the highest values of gene expression for both Peroxidase (POD) and Poly Phenol Oxidase (PPO). While, the susceptible potato cultivar, Spunta showed the lowest values. On the contrary, Catalase (CAT) gene expression was the highest in the susceptible, cv. Spunta, and was the lowest in the relatively highly resistant, cv. Nicola, while, was of intermediate values in the intermediate resistance, cv. Kara. Results show that peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities can be used as biochemical markers to reveal the resistance and susceptibility nature of potato cultivars against bacterial wilt disease of potato caused by R. solanacaerum.
