The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptide NCW derived from Mizuhopecten yessoensis has been demonstrated to have significant in vivo anti-hypertensive effects,however,its anti-hypertensive mechanism is ...The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptide NCW derived from Mizuhopecten yessoensis has been demonstrated to have significant in vivo anti-hypertensive effects,however,its anti-hypertensive mechanism is still not fully clarified.This study established a UPLC-Q-TRAP-MS/MS-based widely targeted kidney metabolomics approach to explore the changes of kidney metabolic profiles and to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of peptide NCW in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the kidney metabolic profiles were clearly separated between the SHR-NCW and SHRUntreated groups.A total of 85 metabolites were differentially regulated,and 16 metabolites were identified as potential kidney biomarkers,e.g.,3-hydroxybutyrate,malonic acid,deoxycytidine,and L-aspartic acid.The peptide NCW might regulate kidney metabolic disorder of SHRs to alleviate hypertension by suppressing inflammation and improving nitric oxide production under the regulation of linoleic acid metabolism,folate related pathways,synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies,pyrimidine metabolism,β-alanine metabolism,and retinal metabolism.展开更多
Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vit...Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vitamin A, for children in developing countries is a subject of controversy in the literature. The crucial role of vitamin A in the process of spermatogenesis in adult rodents is well established, but only a few publications are consecrated to the long-term effect of vitamin A intake at a young age on testicular development and differentiation. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of acute supplementation at an early age, in the post-natal period, on spermatogenesis and testicular trophicity at adult age. Material and Methods: Young Wistar Albinos rats of 22 days received an acute high dose of supplementation of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate). The control group, group 1, received only extra virgin olive oil, Group 2 a dose of 7000 IU/kg of retinyl palmitate, group 3, 14,000 IU/kg, and Group 4 a dose of 28,000 IU/kg. At 10 weeks of age, the testes’ testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. For histological assessment, sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, and the Johnsen score was used to evaluate spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Results: The average testicular weights of rats were significantly lower in group 4 (p < 0.05), and so was the testosterone level in the testis compared to the control group (p .01). Most of the seminiferous tubules were concerned by an arrest of spermatogenesis and the Johnsen score was decreased with a mean score of 5.96 ± 1.60 (p .001) in that Group. In Group 3, Johnsen’s score was significantly better than the one obtained with the control. Conclusion: We observed a negative effect in the long term with a high acute dose of supplementation of retinyl palmitate at a young age, on testicular development and differentiation. Despite a return to normal diet after that supplementation, during childhood, impaired spermatogenesis was identified at the adult age with an arrest of spermatogenesis. The reversibility of that lack of differentiation by a return to a normal diet is questionable and would need more investigation.展开更多
●AIM:To investigate the underlying mechanism of dry environment(autumn dryness)affecting the lacrimal glands in rats.●METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats were fed in spe...●AIM:To investigate the underlying mechanism of dry environment(autumn dryness)affecting the lacrimal glands in rats.●METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats were fed in specific pathogen free environment as the control group(n=10),and the rats fed in dry environment as the dryness group(n=10).After 24d,lacrimal glands were collected from the rats.The tissues morphology was observed by hematoxylineosin(HE)staining.Tandem mass tags(TMT)quantitative proteomics analysis technology was used to screen the differential expressed proteins of lacrimal glands between the two groups,then bioinformatics analysis was performed.Further,the immunohistochemical(IHC)method was used to verify the target proteins.●RESULTS:In dryness group,the lacrimal glands lobule atrophied,the glandular cavities enlarged,the sparse nuclear distribution and scattered inflammatory infiltration between the acinus were observed.The proteomics exhibited that a total of 195 up-regulated and 236 downregulated differential expressed proteins screened from the lacrimal glands of rats.It was indicated that the biological processes(BP)of differential expressed proteins mainly included cell processes and single BP.The cellular compositions of differential expressed proteins mainly located in cells,organelles.The molecular functions of differential expressed proteins mainly included binding,catalytic activity.Moreover,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that the differential expressed proteins mainly involved lysosome,complement and coagulation cascade,and ribosome pathway.The IHC result verified that the up-regulated expression proteins of Protein S100A9(S100A9),Annexin A1(Anxa1),and Clusterin(Clu)in lacrimal glands of rats in dryness group were higher than control group.●CONCLUSION:The up-regulated expression proteins of S100A9,Anxa1,and Clu may be the potential mechanisms of dry eye symptoms caused by dry environment.This study provides clues of dry environments causing eye-related diseases for further studies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Despite much work having been conducted on magnetic compression anastomo-sis(MCA)in the digestive tract,there are no reports on the influence of magnetic force on the anastomosis.AIM To investigate the effe...BACKGROUND Despite much work having been conducted on magnetic compression anastomo-sis(MCA)in the digestive tract,there are no reports on the influence of magnetic force on the anastomosis.AIM To investigate the effect of different magnetic force magnets on the MCA of the digestive tract.METHODS Two groups of magnets of the same sizes but different magnetic forces were designed and produced.A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two groups(powerful magnet group and common magnet group),with 12 rats in each group.Two types of magnets were used to complete the colonic side-to-side anastomosis of the rats.The operation time and magnet discharge time were recorded.The anastomotic specimens were obtained 4 wk after the operation and then the burst pressure and diameter of the anastomosis were measured,and the anastomosis was observed via the naked eye and subjected to histological examination.RESULTS The magnetic forces of the powerful and common magnet groups at zero distance were 8.26 N and 4.10 N,respectively.The colonic side-to-side anastomosis was completed in all 24 rats,and the operation success rate and postoperative survival rate were 100%.No significant difference was noted in the operation time between the two groups.The magnet discharge time of the powerful magnet group was slightly longer than that of the common magnet group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.513).Furthermore,there was no statistical difference in the burst pressure(P=0.266)or diameter of magnetic anastomosis(P=0.095)between the two groups.The gross specimens of the two groups showed good anastomotic healing,and histological observation indicated good mucosal continuity without differences on healing.CONCLUSION In the rat colonic side-to-side MCA model,both the powerful magnet with 8.26 N and the common magnet with 4.10 N showed no significant impact on the anastomosis establishment process or its effect.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the stability of the seven housekeeping genes:beta-actin(ActB),glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),18s ribosomal unit 5(18s),cyclophilin A(CycA),hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl trans...AIM:To investigate the stability of the seven housekeeping genes:beta-actin(ActB),glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),18s ribosomal unit 5(18s),cyclophilin A(CycA),hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(HPRT),ribosomal protein large P0(36B4)and terminal uridylyl transferase 1(U6)in the diabetic retinal tissue of rat model.METHODS:The expression of these seven genes in rat retinal tissues was determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)in two groups;normal control rats and streptozotocininduced diabetic rats.The stability analysis of gene expression was investigated using geNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper,and comparative delta-Ct(ΔCt)algorithms.RESULTS:The 36B4 gene was stably expressed in the retinal tissues of normal control animals;however,it was less stable in diabetic retinas.The 18s gene was expressed consistently in both normal control and diabetic rats’retinal tissue.That this gene was the best reference for data normalisation in RT-qPCR studies that used the retinal tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Furthermore,there was no ideal gene stably expressed for use in all experimental settings.CONCLUSION:Identifying relevant genes is a need for achieving RT-qPCR validity and reliability and must be appropriately achieved based on a specific experimental setting.展开更多
AIM:To observe the effects of N-acetylserotonin(NAS)administration on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms involving the high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)/receptor for a...AIM:To observe the effects of N-acetylserotonin(NAS)administration on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms involving the high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.METHODS:A rat model of RIR was developed by increasing the pressure of the anterior chamber of the eye.Eighty male Sprague Dawley were randomly divided into five groups:sham group(n=8),RIR group(n=28),RIR+NAS group(n=28),RIR+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8)and RIR+NAS+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8).The therapeutic effects of NAS were examined by hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining,and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)counting.The expression of interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),HMGB1,RAGE,and nod-like receptor 3(NLRP3)proteins and the phosphorylation of nuclear factorkappa B(p-NF-κB)were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis.The expression of HMGB1 protein was also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:H&E staining results showed that NAS significantly reduced retinal edema and increased the number of RGCs in RIR rats.With NAS therapy,the HMGB1 and RAGE expression decreased significantly,and the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was antagonized along with the inhibition of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 protein expression.Additionally,NAS exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing IL-1βexpression.The inhibitory of RAGE binding to HMGB1 by RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1 led to a significant decrease of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 expression,so as to the IL-1βexpression and retinal edema,accompanied by an increase of RGCs in RIR rats.CONCLUSION:NAS may exhibit a neuroprotective effect against RIR via the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway,which may be a useful therapeutic target for retinal disease.展开更多
The objective of this study is to quantify the puerarin in rat plasma following oral administration of TZ18 and compare the pharmacokinetics characteristics of puerarin in normal rats with that in depression model rat...The objective of this study is to quantify the puerarin in rat plasma following oral administration of TZ18 and compare the pharmacokinetics characteristics of puerarin in normal rats with that in depression model rats. A high performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify the puerarin due to its good selectivity and linearity (coefficient correlation, r2 = 0.9991) within the tested range (0.028-0.889 μg·mL-1). Intra- and inter-day precision coefficients of variation and accuracy bias were acceptable (Maximum coeffi- cient of variation was 5.74% for intra-day and 3.09% for inter-day) over the entire range. The recoveries were found to be 98.3%, 101.4%, and 103.4% for concentrations of 0.028, 0.222, and 0.444 μg·mL-1, re- spectively. The concentration-time curves for both normal rats and depression model rats were fit to a two- compartment model with the first order absorption. The results show significant differences in the main phar- macokinetic parameters of peak time, peak concentration, and the area under the concentration-time curve between the two kinds of rats.展开更多
Background:Hyperglycemia is a characteristic feature of diabetes that often results in neuropsychological complications such as depression.Diabetic individuals are more vulnerable to experience depression compared to ...Background:Hyperglycemia is a characteristic feature of diabetes that often results in neuropsychological complications such as depression.Diabetic individuals are more vulnerable to experience depression compared to the normal population.Thus,novel treatment approaches are required to reduce depressive symptoms among diabetic individuals.Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)such as Shengmai San(SMS)and Radix puerariae(R)are usually widely used to treat ailments such as neurological com-plications since ancient time.Methods:In this study,SMS was combined with R to prepare an R-SMS formulation and screened for their antidepressant activity in diabetic rats.The antidepressant po-tential of the prepared combination was evaluated behaviorally using open field test,novelty-induced hypophagia,and forced swim test in diabetic rats with biochemical and protein expression(PI3K,BDNF[brain-derived neurotrophic factor],and SYN[pr-esynaptic vesicle protein])analysis.Results:Diabetic rats(streptozotocin,45 mg/kg)showed elevated fasting blood glu-cose(FBG)>12 mM with depressive symptoms throughout the study.Treatment with R-SMS(0.5,1.5,and 4.5 g/kg)significantly reverted depressive symptoms in diabetic rats as evinced by significantly(p<0.05)reduced immobility time with an increased tendency to eat food in a novel environment.Treatment with R-SMS also significantly increased the protein expression of PI3K,BDNF,and SYN protein,which play a crucial role in depression.Conclusion:This study showed that R-SMS formulation antagonized depressive symptoms in diabetic rats;thus,this formulation might be studied further to develop as an antidepressant.展开更多
BACKGROUND In recent years,studies have found that the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is closely related to an increase in polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)activity.PARP-...BACKGROUND In recent years,studies have found that the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is closely related to an increase in polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)activity.PARP-1 activation could be involved in the pathophysiological process of DCM by promoting oxidative stress,the inflammatory response,apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis.AIM To investigate the mechanism of liraglutide in improving myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats,further clarified the protective effect of liraglutide on the heart,and provided a new option for the treatment of DCM.METHODS Forty healthy male SD rats aged 6 wk were randomly divided into two groups,a normal control group(n=10)and a model group(n=30),which were fed an ordinary diet and a high-sugar and high-fat diet,respectively.After successful modeling,the rats in the model group were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 4 wk and randomly divided into a model group and an intervention group(further divided into a high-dose group and a low-dose group).The rats were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 8 wk and then started drug intervention.Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta to detect fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles.Intact heart tissue was dissected,and its weight was used to calculate the heart weight index.Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the myocardium and the expression of PARP-1 in the heart by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The body weight and heart weight index of rats in the model group were significantly increased compared with those in the normal control group,and those in the intervention group were decreased compared with those in the model group,with a more obvious decrease observed in the high-dose group(P<0.05).In the model group,myocardial fibers were disordered,and inflammatory cells and interstitial fibrosis were observed.The cardiomyopathy of rats in the intervention group was improved to different degrees,the myocardial fibers were arranged neatly,and the myocardial cells were clearly striated;the improvement was more obvious in the high-dose group.Compared with the normal control group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue of the model group was increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After liraglutide intervention,compared with the model group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue was decreased,and the reduction was more obvious in the high-dose group(P<0.05)but still higher than that in the normal control group.CONCLUSION Liraglutide may improve myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats by inhibiting the expression of myocardial PARP-1 in a dose-dependent manner.展开更多
Objective To observe the influence of Kaixin Powder on ethology,content of 5-HT in the hippocampus, expression of m RNA, and protein in 5-HT1 A and 5-HT2 A receptors in the hippocampus of depressed rats induced by chr...Objective To observe the influence of Kaixin Powder on ethology,content of 5-HT in the hippocampus, expression of m RNA, and protein in 5-HT1 A and 5-HT2 A receptors in the hippocampus of depressed rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS). Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank,model, Trazodone, and Kaixin Powder groups, six rats in each group. In addition to the blank control group, other groups were established the depression model induced by CUMS combined with isolated feeding. At the same time, Trazodone group and Kaixin Powder group were treated with corresponding drugs for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks of administration, the rats were sacrificed, and a series of indexes were measured such as the contents of 5-HT, m RNA expression levels of 5-HT1 A and 5-HT2 A receptors, protein expression levels of 5-HT1 A and 5-HT2 A receptors, and so on. Results A series of indexes in the model group were decreased significantly such as the body weight growth, the sugar water intake, the score of Open Field Test, the content of5-HT in the hippocampus, expression of m RNA, and protein in 5-HT1 A receptor, while the expression of m RNA and protein in 5-HT2 A receptor were increased significantly.Compared with the model group, the indexes were ameliorated in Trazodone and Kaixin Powder groups. Kaixin Powder is better than Trazodone in decreasing the level of protein in 5-HT2 A receptor. Conclusion The result indicated that the depression performance of depressed rats induced by CUMS can be ameliorated by Kaixin Powder,and the mechanism maybe concerned with increasing the contents of 5-HT, exciting 5-HT1 A receptor, and antagonising 5- HT2 A receptor.展开更多
Background and Purpose: All types of ionizing radiations generate ions which can lead to the formation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excess production of free radicals or decrease in antioxidants...Background and Purpose: All types of ionizing radiations generate ions which can lead to the formation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excess production of free radicals or decrease in antioxidants level leads to oxidative stress. It is a harmful process that induces damage to cell structures, lipids, proteins, RNA and DNA which leads to a number of diseases. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of plant extract (Allium Cepa Extract (ACE)) on the kidney of wistar rats exposed to radiation using and assaying some biochemical enzymes. Material and Method: 60 wistar rats weighing 170 ± 20 g were equally divided into six groups for the study. Group 1 (control): neither received ACE nor irradiation. Group 2 (ACE): received 1000 mg/Kg b.wt of ACE. Group 3 (4 Gy-Irradiated): were exposed to 4 Gy TBI on day 14. Group 4 (6 Gy-Irradiated): were exposed to 6 Gy TBI on day 14. Group 5 (ACE + 4 Gy): were treated with 1000 mg/Kg b.wt of ACE once daily for twenty-eight days but exposed to 4 Gy TBI on day 14. Group 6 (ACE + 6 Gy): were treated with 1000 mg/Kg b.wt of ACE once daily for twenty-eight days but exposed to 6 Gy TBI on day 14. All the groups received distilled water and feed ad libitum during the acclimatization and experimental periods. Four animals in each group were sacrificed 24 h after irradiation and the 4 remaining animals were sacrificed on day 29 for biochemical assay and histopathological evaluation, the statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the data editor SPSS version 28. Results: From the biochemical enzymes, the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in group 2 when compared to group 1 was almost the same, which was not statically significant with (p > 0.05), but groups 3 and 4 show a significant increase in the level of MDA with (p < 0.05) while group 5 and 6 showed no significant increase in MAD with (p > 0.05). The other enzymes like SOD, CAT, GST, and GSH followed suit. Conclusion: From the results it is a clear indication that Allium Cepa Extract can ameliorate the effect of radiation induced disease.展开更多
L-theanine has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on depression.However,whether L-theanine has an excellent preventive effect on depression in children and adolescents and what its mechanism is have not been well...L-theanine has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on depression.However,whether L-theanine has an excellent preventive effect on depression in children and adolescents and what its mechanism is have not been well explained.Given the complexity of the pathogenesis of depression,this study investigated the preventive effect and mechanism of L-theanine on depression in juvenile rats by combining serum and hippocampal metabolomic strategies.Behavioral tests,hippocampal tissue sections,and serum and hippocampal biochemical indexes were studied,and the results confirmed the preventive effect of Ltheanine.Untargeted reversed-phase liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and targeted hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry were developed to analyze the metabolism changes in the serum and hippocampus to screen for potential biomarkers related to L-theanine treatment.The results suggested that 28 abnormal metabolites in the serum and hippocampus that were considered as potential biomarkers returned to nearnormal levels after L-theanine administration.These biomarkers were involved in various metabolic pathways,mainly including amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism.The levels of amino acids and neurotransmitters in the phenylalanine,tryptophan,and glutamic acid pathways were significantly reduced after L-theanine administration compared with chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced rats.In summary,L-theanine had a significant preventive effect on depression and achieved its preventive results on depression by regulating various aspects of the body,such as amino acids,lipids,and inflammation.This research systematically analyzed the mechanism of L-theanine in preventing depression and laid the foundation for applying L-theanine to prevent depression in children and adolescents.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of melatonin on renal inflammation,oxidative stress,apoptosis,as well as DNA and tissue damage in acrylamide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.Methods:Fifty male rats were randomly di...Objective:To investigate the effects of melatonin on renal inflammation,oxidative stress,apoptosis,as well as DNA and tissue damage in acrylamide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.Methods:Fifty male rats were randomly divided into five groups.The control group received distilled water by gastric lavage for 11days and the acrylamide group was administered acrylamide(50 mg/kg,i.g.)for 11 days.The MEL10+ACR and MEL20+ACR groups received intraperitoneal melatonin 10 and 20 mg/kg,respectively,for 11 days,and acrylamide(50 mg/kg,i.g.)was administered 1h after melatonin injection.The MEL20 group was injected with melatonin(20 mg/kg)for 11 days.Kidney function tests were performed and biochemical and inflammatory parameters were determined.In addition,histopathological,immunohistochemical,and immunofluorescence examinations were carried out.Results:Melatonin significantly abated acrylamide-induced rise in serum urea and creatinine levels.Acrylamide caused oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis,as well as DNA and tissue damage in the kidneys.Melatonin treatment alleviated acrylamide-induced renal damage by exhibiting antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antiapoptotic effects.Moreover,melatonin significantly ameliorated acrylamide-caused histopathological changes in kidney tissue.Conclusions:Melatonin attenuates acrylamide-induced renal oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis,and DNA damage in rats.展开更多
Introduction: Moringa oleifera was a medicinal plant generally used by populations in the food and therapeutic fields. It’s used to treat anemia has been observed in the Djougou Zone in northern Benin. To our knowled...Introduction: Moringa oleifera was a medicinal plant generally used by populations in the food and therapeutic fields. It’s used to treat anemia has been observed in the Djougou Zone in northern Benin. To our knowledge, there were no scientific data available that have evaluated its efficacy in the treatment of haemolytic anemia. This was what justifies this research work in which the phytochemical analysis, extraction and evaluation of the anti-anemic effect were carried out. Methods: Five groups of five Wistar rats each were formed. All the rats were rendered anemic by injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride on the first two days D0 and D1 except those in the negative control group. From the second day, the anemic groups were force-fed either with the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves at 200 or 300 mg/kg body weight/day, or with vitafer, the reference drug against anemia. The positive control group (anemia) was not treated. Blood samples were taken from all the rats on different days: D0, D2, D7, D10 and D15 to evaluate the data of the hemogram and the osmotic resistance of the red blood cells. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, leucoanthocyanins, saponosides, triterpenes and mucilages. A good yield was obtained at the extraction. Both the extract and the reference drug vitafer completely corrected anemia within two weeks after stimulating hemoglobin synthesis and early release of immature red blood cells into the bloodstream. Its effect seemed dose-dependent and specific. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaves showed good therapeutic efficacy and can be considered and exploited for transformation into improved traditional medicines (ITM) in the treatment of anemia.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the aldose reductase(AR)inhibition capacity of astragalin(AST)against streptozoticin-induced diabetic cataracts(DCs)in rats.METHODS:Ex vivo investigations were conducted by treating the lens of a go...AIM:To investigate the aldose reductase(AR)inhibition capacity of astragalin(AST)against streptozoticin-induced diabetic cataracts(DCs)in rats.METHODS:Ex vivo investigations were conducted by treating the lens of a goat placed for 72h in artificial aqueous humor(AAH)of pH 7.8 at room temperature with cataract-causing substance(55 mmol/L of galactose)and in vivo studies were performed on rats via induction with streptozotocin.AST was administered at different dose levels and scrutinize for DC activity.RESULTS:In diabetic rats,AST improved the body weight,blood insulin,and glucose as well as the levels of galactitol in a dose-dependent way,other biochemical parameters i.e.inflammatory mediators and cytokines,and also suppress AR activity.The level of the antioxidant parameters such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione(GSH)activity were also altered on a diabetic lens after the administration of the AST.CONCLUSION:AST protects against lens opacification to avoid cataracts and polyols formation,indicating that it could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes.展开更多
Objective: The present study consisted of challenging the extract of kombucha and the fungus Ganoderma reported as hypoglycemic and used as alternative treatments against diabetes on the number and morphology of islet...Objective: The present study consisted of challenging the extract of kombucha and the fungus Ganoderma reported as hypoglycemic and used as alternative treatments against diabetes on the number and morphology of islets of Langerhans. Material and Methods: 64 Wistar rats were used in 4 groups: one control, three experimental, streptozotocin, Kombucha y Ganoderma induced diabetes with streptozotocin. Divided into four post-induction stages at 2, 15, 30 and 45 days of treatment, sacrificing 4 rats at each stage, to perform the morphological analysis of the pancreas. Results: A decrease in the islets of Langerhans in size, volume and the number of cells within them was identified for the streptozotocin group from the second stage until almost disappearing due to diabetes, in the groups of Kombucha y Ganoderma the same was observed but they were recovered with the extract treatments and the average number of islets was similar in these groups, the group of Ganoderma. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this work, a protective and regenerative effect of both extracts is identified.展开更多
BACKGROUND Wild rats have the potential to hold zoonotic infectious agents that can spread to humans and cause disease.AIM To better understand the composition of gut bacterial communities in rats is essential for pre...BACKGROUND Wild rats have the potential to hold zoonotic infectious agents that can spread to humans and cause disease.AIM To better understand the composition of gut bacterial communities in rats is essential for preventing and treating such diseases.As a tropical island located in the south of China,Hainan province has abundant rat species.Here,we examined the gut bacterial composition in wild adult rats from Hainan province.METHODS Fresh fecal samples were collected from 162 wild adult rats,including three species(Rattus norvegicus,Leopoldamys edwardsi,and Rattus losea),from nine regions of Hainan province between 2017-2018.RESULTS We analyzed the composition of gut microbiota using the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.We identified 4903 bacterial operational taxonomic units(30 phyla,175 families,and 498 genera),which vary between samples of different rat species in various habitats at various times of the year.In general,Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla,followed by Bacteroidetes(15.55%),Proteobacteria(6.13%),and Actinobacteria(4.02%).The genus Lactobacillus(20.08%),unidentified_Clostridiales(5.16%),Romboutsia(4.33%),unidentified_Ruminococcaceae(3.83%),Bacteroides(3.66%),Helicobacter(2.40%)and Streptococcus(2.37%)were dominant.CONCLUSION The composition and abundance of the gut microbial communities varied between rat species and locations.This work provides fundamental information to identify microbial communities useful for disease control in Hainan province.展开更多
Background and Aim: Sarcocephalus latifolius is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of Sarcoceph...Background and Aim: Sarcocephalus latifolius is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruits aqueous extract against paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. Material and Methods: Aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruits at doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg were administered orally to rats with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity (1 g/kg). The treatment with the extract and paracetamol lasted 7 days. Silymarin (50 mg/kg) was given as reference control. All tested drugs were administered orally. Results: Our results show that the Sarcocephalus latifolius fruits extract induced a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alkaline phosphatase (PAL) and total bilirubin (TB). Then, the extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg showed a better protection (p < 0.001) of hepatocytes with a percentage of protection of 43.59% ± 2.03%;59.43% ± 4.12%;73.29% ± 5.72% and 62.55% ± 7.48% for ALAT, ASAT, PAL and TB, respectively. The histology of livers exposed to paracetamol shows an inflammation of the hepatocytes. In addition, there was a significant alteration of the liver parenchyma. The 500 mg/kg extract showed a resorption of the inflammation. Histopathological examination showed that the extract regenerated paracetamol-induced liver damage. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruits has hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. But it would be important to evaluate the activity of aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruits on oxidative stress parameters in vivo in rats. .展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in hippocampus of depressed rats.Methods:The depression rat model was established by chronic unpredictable stress(CUMS)comb...Objective:To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in hippocampus of depressed rats.Methods:The depression rat model was established by chronic unpredictable stress(CUMS)combined with solitary rearing.The rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,electroacupuncture group and fluoxetine group,with 10 rats in each group.In the electroacupuncture group,‘Baihui',‘Shenting',‘Hegu'and‘Taichong'were selected.Acupuncture was performed 1 h before modeling every day,and the needles were retained for 20 min,once a day for 21 d.Fluoxetine group:Fluoxetine(10 mg/kg,1 mg/mL)was intragastrically administered 1 h before modeling for 21 d.The changes of body weight,the number of standing and the distance of movement in open field test,the immobility time of forced swimming test were observed.The contents of 5-HT,DA and NE in serum were detected by ELISA.The expression of BDNF,CREB and TrkB in hippocampus was detected by Western blot.The expression of BDNF and CREB mRNA in hippocampus was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:After modeling intervention:Compared with the blank group,the body weight,the number of standing,the distance of movement,the content of serum 5-HT,DA and NE,the expression of BDNF,CREB and TrkB in the hippocampus of the model group were significantly decreased(all P<0.01),and the immobility time was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the body weight,the number of standing,the distance of movement,the content of 5-HT,DA and NE in serum,the expression of BDNF,CREB and TrkB in hippocampus were significantly increased(all P<0.05),and the immobility time was significantly decreased(P<0.05)in the EA group and fluoxetine group.There was no significant difference between the electroacupuncture group and the fluoxetine group(P>0.05).Conclusion:EA can significantly improve the symptoms of depression in rats,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway-related proteins in hippocampus,increase the content of monoamine neurotransmitters 5-HT,NE and DA,resulting in antidepressant effect.展开更多
Problem Statement: Malaria’s global impact necessitates effective treatments, like dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA/PQP), though safety concerns, notably drug-induced cardiotoxicity (DICT), persist. A knowledge ga...Problem Statement: Malaria’s global impact necessitates effective treatments, like dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA/PQP), though safety concerns, notably drug-induced cardiotoxicity (DICT), persist. A knowledge gap exists regarding DHA/PQP’s cardiac effects, warranting a comprehensive investigation. Approach: This study aimed to assess KROSH (DHA/PQP) impact on albino rat heart histology, examining structural changes and potential cardiotoxicity. 40 albino rats were grouped by KROSH dosage and duration, monitored for weight changes, and heart tissues were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. Statistical analysis compared to control and treated groups. Results: KROSH administration led to varying rat weight effects, yet not statistically significant. Histological analysis revealed dose and duration-dependent cardiac tissue alterations, including distortion, adipose deposits, artery hypertrophy, fibrosis, and necrosis. These contrasts with prior research documenting DHA/PQP’s non-toxic effects. Conclusion/Recommendation: This study highlights potential KROSH (DHA/PQP) cardiotoxicity concerns through histological changes, underscoring the need for further research into underlying mechanisms and human health implications. Given DHA/PQP’s wide use, these findings should inform safety evaluations and administration practices.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31901635)。
文摘The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptide NCW derived from Mizuhopecten yessoensis has been demonstrated to have significant in vivo anti-hypertensive effects,however,its anti-hypertensive mechanism is still not fully clarified.This study established a UPLC-Q-TRAP-MS/MS-based widely targeted kidney metabolomics approach to explore the changes of kidney metabolic profiles and to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of peptide NCW in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the kidney metabolic profiles were clearly separated between the SHR-NCW and SHRUntreated groups.A total of 85 metabolites were differentially regulated,and 16 metabolites were identified as potential kidney biomarkers,e.g.,3-hydroxybutyrate,malonic acid,deoxycytidine,and L-aspartic acid.The peptide NCW might regulate kidney metabolic disorder of SHRs to alleviate hypertension by suppressing inflammation and improving nitric oxide production under the regulation of linoleic acid metabolism,folate related pathways,synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies,pyrimidine metabolism,β-alanine metabolism,and retinal metabolism.
文摘Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vitamin A, for children in developing countries is a subject of controversy in the literature. The crucial role of vitamin A in the process of spermatogenesis in adult rodents is well established, but only a few publications are consecrated to the long-term effect of vitamin A intake at a young age on testicular development and differentiation. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of acute supplementation at an early age, in the post-natal period, on spermatogenesis and testicular trophicity at adult age. Material and Methods: Young Wistar Albinos rats of 22 days received an acute high dose of supplementation of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate). The control group, group 1, received only extra virgin olive oil, Group 2 a dose of 7000 IU/kg of retinyl palmitate, group 3, 14,000 IU/kg, and Group 4 a dose of 28,000 IU/kg. At 10 weeks of age, the testes’ testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. For histological assessment, sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, and the Johnsen score was used to evaluate spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Results: The average testicular weights of rats were significantly lower in group 4 (p < 0.05), and so was the testosterone level in the testis compared to the control group (p .01). Most of the seminiferous tubules were concerned by an arrest of spermatogenesis and the Johnsen score was decreased with a mean score of 5.96 ± 1.60 (p .001) in that Group. In Group 3, Johnsen’s score was significantly better than the one obtained with the control. Conclusion: We observed a negative effect in the long term with a high acute dose of supplementation of retinyl palmitate at a young age, on testicular development and differentiation. Despite a return to normal diet after that supplementation, during childhood, impaired spermatogenesis was identified at the adult age with an arrest of spermatogenesis. The reversibility of that lack of differentiation by a return to a normal diet is questionable and would need more investigation.
基金Supported by Regional Science Foundation Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82060827,No.82260891)The Key Discipline of Universities in the“14th Five-Year Plan”Autonomous Region-Traditional Chinese Medicine at Xinjiang Medical University.
文摘●AIM:To investigate the underlying mechanism of dry environment(autumn dryness)affecting the lacrimal glands in rats.●METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats were fed in specific pathogen free environment as the control group(n=10),and the rats fed in dry environment as the dryness group(n=10).After 24d,lacrimal glands were collected from the rats.The tissues morphology was observed by hematoxylineosin(HE)staining.Tandem mass tags(TMT)quantitative proteomics analysis technology was used to screen the differential expressed proteins of lacrimal glands between the two groups,then bioinformatics analysis was performed.Further,the immunohistochemical(IHC)method was used to verify the target proteins.●RESULTS:In dryness group,the lacrimal glands lobule atrophied,the glandular cavities enlarged,the sparse nuclear distribution and scattered inflammatory infiltration between the acinus were observed.The proteomics exhibited that a total of 195 up-regulated and 236 downregulated differential expressed proteins screened from the lacrimal glands of rats.It was indicated that the biological processes(BP)of differential expressed proteins mainly included cell processes and single BP.The cellular compositions of differential expressed proteins mainly located in cells,organelles.The molecular functions of differential expressed proteins mainly included binding,catalytic activity.Moreover,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that the differential expressed proteins mainly involved lysosome,complement and coagulation cascade,and ribosome pathway.The IHC result verified that the up-regulated expression proteins of Protein S100A9(S100A9),Annexin A1(Anxa1),and Clusterin(Clu)in lacrimal glands of rats in dryness group were higher than control group.●CONCLUSION:The up-regulated expression proteins of S100A9,Anxa1,and Clu may be the potential mechanisms of dry eye symptoms caused by dry environment.This study provides clues of dry environments causing eye-related diseases for further studies.
基金Supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi,No.2022SF-036the Institutional Foundation of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,No.2022MS-07the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.xzy022023068.
文摘BACKGROUND Despite much work having been conducted on magnetic compression anastomo-sis(MCA)in the digestive tract,there are no reports on the influence of magnetic force on the anastomosis.AIM To investigate the effect of different magnetic force magnets on the MCA of the digestive tract.METHODS Two groups of magnets of the same sizes but different magnetic forces were designed and produced.A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two groups(powerful magnet group and common magnet group),with 12 rats in each group.Two types of magnets were used to complete the colonic side-to-side anastomosis of the rats.The operation time and magnet discharge time were recorded.The anastomotic specimens were obtained 4 wk after the operation and then the burst pressure and diameter of the anastomosis were measured,and the anastomosis was observed via the naked eye and subjected to histological examination.RESULTS The magnetic forces of the powerful and common magnet groups at zero distance were 8.26 N and 4.10 N,respectively.The colonic side-to-side anastomosis was completed in all 24 rats,and the operation success rate and postoperative survival rate were 100%.No significant difference was noted in the operation time between the two groups.The magnet discharge time of the powerful magnet group was slightly longer than that of the common magnet group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.513).Furthermore,there was no statistical difference in the burst pressure(P=0.266)or diameter of magnetic anastomosis(P=0.095)between the two groups.The gross specimens of the two groups showed good anastomotic healing,and histological observation indicated good mucosal continuity without differences on healing.CONCLUSION In the rat colonic side-to-side MCA model,both the powerful magnet with 8.26 N and the common magnet with 4.10 N showed no significant impact on the anastomosis establishment process or its effect.
基金Supported by grant from Fundamental Research Grant Scheme by Ministry of Higher Education(MoHE)600-IRMI/FRGS 5/3(101/2019).
文摘AIM:To investigate the stability of the seven housekeeping genes:beta-actin(ActB),glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),18s ribosomal unit 5(18s),cyclophilin A(CycA),hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(HPRT),ribosomal protein large P0(36B4)and terminal uridylyl transferase 1(U6)in the diabetic retinal tissue of rat model.METHODS:The expression of these seven genes in rat retinal tissues was determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)in two groups;normal control rats and streptozotocininduced diabetic rats.The stability analysis of gene expression was investigated using geNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper,and comparative delta-Ct(ΔCt)algorithms.RESULTS:The 36B4 gene was stably expressed in the retinal tissues of normal control animals;however,it was less stable in diabetic retinas.The 18s gene was expressed consistently in both normal control and diabetic rats’retinal tissue.That this gene was the best reference for data normalisation in RT-qPCR studies that used the retinal tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Furthermore,there was no ideal gene stably expressed for use in all experimental settings.CONCLUSION:Identifying relevant genes is a need for achieving RT-qPCR validity and reliability and must be appropriately achieved based on a specific experimental setting.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82071888)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021MH351,No.ZR2020MH074)+1 种基金the Introduction and Cultivation Project for Young Innovative Talents in Shandong ProvinceWeifang Science and Technology Development Plan(No.2021GX057).
文摘AIM:To observe the effects of N-acetylserotonin(NAS)administration on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms involving the high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.METHODS:A rat model of RIR was developed by increasing the pressure of the anterior chamber of the eye.Eighty male Sprague Dawley were randomly divided into five groups:sham group(n=8),RIR group(n=28),RIR+NAS group(n=28),RIR+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8)and RIR+NAS+FPS-ZM1 group(n=8).The therapeutic effects of NAS were examined by hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining,and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)counting.The expression of interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),HMGB1,RAGE,and nod-like receptor 3(NLRP3)proteins and the phosphorylation of nuclear factorkappa B(p-NF-κB)were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis.The expression of HMGB1 protein was also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:H&E staining results showed that NAS significantly reduced retinal edema and increased the number of RGCs in RIR rats.With NAS therapy,the HMGB1 and RAGE expression decreased significantly,and the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was antagonized along with the inhibition of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 protein expression.Additionally,NAS exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing IL-1βexpression.The inhibitory of RAGE binding to HMGB1 by RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1 led to a significant decrease of p-NF-κB and NLRP3 expression,so as to the IL-1βexpression and retinal edema,accompanied by an increase of RGCs in RIR rats.CONCLUSION:NAS may exhibit a neuroprotective effect against RIR via the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway,which may be a useful therapeutic target for retinal disease.
文摘The objective of this study is to quantify the puerarin in rat plasma following oral administration of TZ18 and compare the pharmacokinetics characteristics of puerarin in normal rats with that in depression model rats. A high performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify the puerarin due to its good selectivity and linearity (coefficient correlation, r2 = 0.9991) within the tested range (0.028-0.889 μg·mL-1). Intra- and inter-day precision coefficients of variation and accuracy bias were acceptable (Maximum coeffi- cient of variation was 5.74% for intra-day and 3.09% for inter-day) over the entire range. The recoveries were found to be 98.3%, 101.4%, and 103.4% for concentrations of 0.028, 0.222, and 0.444 μg·mL-1, re- spectively. The concentration-time curves for both normal rats and depression model rats were fit to a two- compartment model with the first order absorption. The results show significant differences in the main phar- macokinetic parameters of peak time, peak concentration, and the area under the concentration-time curve between the two kinds of rats.
基金We thank the National High-End Foreign Experts Recruitment Plan(G2022051012L)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFE0131800)+1 种基金Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2019YFH0023)the High-End Talents Recruitment Program(Liu Xinmin group)of Luzhou Municipal People's Government.
文摘Background:Hyperglycemia is a characteristic feature of diabetes that often results in neuropsychological complications such as depression.Diabetic individuals are more vulnerable to experience depression compared to the normal population.Thus,novel treatment approaches are required to reduce depressive symptoms among diabetic individuals.Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)such as Shengmai San(SMS)and Radix puerariae(R)are usually widely used to treat ailments such as neurological com-plications since ancient time.Methods:In this study,SMS was combined with R to prepare an R-SMS formulation and screened for their antidepressant activity in diabetic rats.The antidepressant po-tential of the prepared combination was evaluated behaviorally using open field test,novelty-induced hypophagia,and forced swim test in diabetic rats with biochemical and protein expression(PI3K,BDNF[brain-derived neurotrophic factor],and SYN[pr-esynaptic vesicle protein])analysis.Results:Diabetic rats(streptozotocin,45 mg/kg)showed elevated fasting blood glu-cose(FBG)>12 mM with depressive symptoms throughout the study.Treatment with R-SMS(0.5,1.5,and 4.5 g/kg)significantly reverted depressive symptoms in diabetic rats as evinced by significantly(p<0.05)reduced immobility time with an increased tendency to eat food in a novel environment.Treatment with R-SMS also significantly increased the protein expression of PI3K,BDNF,and SYN protein,which play a crucial role in depression.Conclusion:This study showed that R-SMS formulation antagonized depressive symptoms in diabetic rats;thus,this formulation might be studied further to develop as an antidepressant.
基金Supported by Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.201701D121159Shanxi Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission,No.2014016Health Commission of Shanxi Province,No.2019020.
文摘BACKGROUND In recent years,studies have found that the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is closely related to an increase in polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)activity.PARP-1 activation could be involved in the pathophysiological process of DCM by promoting oxidative stress,the inflammatory response,apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis.AIM To investigate the mechanism of liraglutide in improving myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats,further clarified the protective effect of liraglutide on the heart,and provided a new option for the treatment of DCM.METHODS Forty healthy male SD rats aged 6 wk were randomly divided into two groups,a normal control group(n=10)and a model group(n=30),which were fed an ordinary diet and a high-sugar and high-fat diet,respectively.After successful modeling,the rats in the model group were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 4 wk and randomly divided into a model group and an intervention group(further divided into a high-dose group and a low-dose group).The rats were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 8 wk and then started drug intervention.Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta to detect fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles.Intact heart tissue was dissected,and its weight was used to calculate the heart weight index.Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the myocardium and the expression of PARP-1 in the heart by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The body weight and heart weight index of rats in the model group were significantly increased compared with those in the normal control group,and those in the intervention group were decreased compared with those in the model group,with a more obvious decrease observed in the high-dose group(P<0.05).In the model group,myocardial fibers were disordered,and inflammatory cells and interstitial fibrosis were observed.The cardiomyopathy of rats in the intervention group was improved to different degrees,the myocardial fibers were arranged neatly,and the myocardial cells were clearly striated;the improvement was more obvious in the high-dose group.Compared with the normal control group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue of the model group was increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After liraglutide intervention,compared with the model group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue was decreased,and the reduction was more obvious in the high-dose group(P<0.05)but still higher than that in the normal control group.CONCLUSION Liraglutide may improve myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats by inhibiting the expression of myocardial PARP-1 in a dose-dependent manner.
基金National Natural Science Fund of China(NO.81072744)
文摘Objective To observe the influence of Kaixin Powder on ethology,content of 5-HT in the hippocampus, expression of m RNA, and protein in 5-HT1 A and 5-HT2 A receptors in the hippocampus of depressed rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS). Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank,model, Trazodone, and Kaixin Powder groups, six rats in each group. In addition to the blank control group, other groups were established the depression model induced by CUMS combined with isolated feeding. At the same time, Trazodone group and Kaixin Powder group were treated with corresponding drugs for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks of administration, the rats were sacrificed, and a series of indexes were measured such as the contents of 5-HT, m RNA expression levels of 5-HT1 A and 5-HT2 A receptors, protein expression levels of 5-HT1 A and 5-HT2 A receptors, and so on. Results A series of indexes in the model group were decreased significantly such as the body weight growth, the sugar water intake, the score of Open Field Test, the content of5-HT in the hippocampus, expression of m RNA, and protein in 5-HT1 A receptor, while the expression of m RNA and protein in 5-HT2 A receptor were increased significantly.Compared with the model group, the indexes were ameliorated in Trazodone and Kaixin Powder groups. Kaixin Powder is better than Trazodone in decreasing the level of protein in 5-HT2 A receptor. Conclusion The result indicated that the depression performance of depressed rats induced by CUMS can be ameliorated by Kaixin Powder,and the mechanism maybe concerned with increasing the contents of 5-HT, exciting 5-HT1 A receptor, and antagonising 5- HT2 A receptor.
文摘Background and Purpose: All types of ionizing radiations generate ions which can lead to the formation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excess production of free radicals or decrease in antioxidants level leads to oxidative stress. It is a harmful process that induces damage to cell structures, lipids, proteins, RNA and DNA which leads to a number of diseases. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of plant extract (Allium Cepa Extract (ACE)) on the kidney of wistar rats exposed to radiation using and assaying some biochemical enzymes. Material and Method: 60 wistar rats weighing 170 ± 20 g were equally divided into six groups for the study. Group 1 (control): neither received ACE nor irradiation. Group 2 (ACE): received 1000 mg/Kg b.wt of ACE. Group 3 (4 Gy-Irradiated): were exposed to 4 Gy TBI on day 14. Group 4 (6 Gy-Irradiated): were exposed to 6 Gy TBI on day 14. Group 5 (ACE + 4 Gy): were treated with 1000 mg/Kg b.wt of ACE once daily for twenty-eight days but exposed to 4 Gy TBI on day 14. Group 6 (ACE + 6 Gy): were treated with 1000 mg/Kg b.wt of ACE once daily for twenty-eight days but exposed to 6 Gy TBI on day 14. All the groups received distilled water and feed ad libitum during the acclimatization and experimental periods. Four animals in each group were sacrificed 24 h after irradiation and the 4 remaining animals were sacrificed on day 29 for biochemical assay and histopathological evaluation, the statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the data editor SPSS version 28. Results: From the biochemical enzymes, the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in group 2 when compared to group 1 was almost the same, which was not statically significant with (p > 0.05), but groups 3 and 4 show a significant increase in the level of MDA with (p < 0.05) while group 5 and 6 showed no significant increase in MAD with (p > 0.05). The other enzymes like SOD, CAT, GST, and GSH followed suit. Conclusion: From the results it is a clear indication that Allium Cepa Extract can ameliorate the effect of radiation induced disease.
文摘L-theanine has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on depression.However,whether L-theanine has an excellent preventive effect on depression in children and adolescents and what its mechanism is have not been well explained.Given the complexity of the pathogenesis of depression,this study investigated the preventive effect and mechanism of L-theanine on depression in juvenile rats by combining serum and hippocampal metabolomic strategies.Behavioral tests,hippocampal tissue sections,and serum and hippocampal biochemical indexes were studied,and the results confirmed the preventive effect of Ltheanine.Untargeted reversed-phase liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and targeted hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry were developed to analyze the metabolism changes in the serum and hippocampus to screen for potential biomarkers related to L-theanine treatment.The results suggested that 28 abnormal metabolites in the serum and hippocampus that were considered as potential biomarkers returned to nearnormal levels after L-theanine administration.These biomarkers were involved in various metabolic pathways,mainly including amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism.The levels of amino acids and neurotransmitters in the phenylalanine,tryptophan,and glutamic acid pathways were significantly reduced after L-theanine administration compared with chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced rats.In summary,L-theanine had a significant preventive effect on depression and achieved its preventive results on depression by regulating various aspects of the body,such as amino acids,lipids,and inflammation.This research systematically analyzed the mechanism of L-theanine in preventing depression and laid the foundation for applying L-theanine to prevent depression in children and adolescents.
基金supported by Atatürk University Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship (BAP) with the project code 2021-8836。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of melatonin on renal inflammation,oxidative stress,apoptosis,as well as DNA and tissue damage in acrylamide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.Methods:Fifty male rats were randomly divided into five groups.The control group received distilled water by gastric lavage for 11days and the acrylamide group was administered acrylamide(50 mg/kg,i.g.)for 11 days.The MEL10+ACR and MEL20+ACR groups received intraperitoneal melatonin 10 and 20 mg/kg,respectively,for 11 days,and acrylamide(50 mg/kg,i.g.)was administered 1h after melatonin injection.The MEL20 group was injected with melatonin(20 mg/kg)for 11 days.Kidney function tests were performed and biochemical and inflammatory parameters were determined.In addition,histopathological,immunohistochemical,and immunofluorescence examinations were carried out.Results:Melatonin significantly abated acrylamide-induced rise in serum urea and creatinine levels.Acrylamide caused oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis,as well as DNA and tissue damage in the kidneys.Melatonin treatment alleviated acrylamide-induced renal damage by exhibiting antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antiapoptotic effects.Moreover,melatonin significantly ameliorated acrylamide-caused histopathological changes in kidney tissue.Conclusions:Melatonin attenuates acrylamide-induced renal oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis,and DNA damage in rats.
文摘Introduction: Moringa oleifera was a medicinal plant generally used by populations in the food and therapeutic fields. It’s used to treat anemia has been observed in the Djougou Zone in northern Benin. To our knowledge, there were no scientific data available that have evaluated its efficacy in the treatment of haemolytic anemia. This was what justifies this research work in which the phytochemical analysis, extraction and evaluation of the anti-anemic effect were carried out. Methods: Five groups of five Wistar rats each were formed. All the rats were rendered anemic by injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride on the first two days D0 and D1 except those in the negative control group. From the second day, the anemic groups were force-fed either with the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves at 200 or 300 mg/kg body weight/day, or with vitafer, the reference drug against anemia. The positive control group (anemia) was not treated. Blood samples were taken from all the rats on different days: D0, D2, D7, D10 and D15 to evaluate the data of the hemogram and the osmotic resistance of the red blood cells. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, leucoanthocyanins, saponosides, triterpenes and mucilages. A good yield was obtained at the extraction. Both the extract and the reference drug vitafer completely corrected anemia within two weeks after stimulating hemoglobin synthesis and early release of immature red blood cells into the bloodstream. Its effect seemed dose-dependent and specific. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaves showed good therapeutic efficacy and can be considered and exploited for transformation into improved traditional medicines (ITM) in the treatment of anemia.
文摘AIM:To investigate the aldose reductase(AR)inhibition capacity of astragalin(AST)against streptozoticin-induced diabetic cataracts(DCs)in rats.METHODS:Ex vivo investigations were conducted by treating the lens of a goat placed for 72h in artificial aqueous humor(AAH)of pH 7.8 at room temperature with cataract-causing substance(55 mmol/L of galactose)and in vivo studies were performed on rats via induction with streptozotocin.AST was administered at different dose levels and scrutinize for DC activity.RESULTS:In diabetic rats,AST improved the body weight,blood insulin,and glucose as well as the levels of galactitol in a dose-dependent way,other biochemical parameters i.e.inflammatory mediators and cytokines,and also suppress AR activity.The level of the antioxidant parameters such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione(GSH)activity were also altered on a diabetic lens after the administration of the AST.CONCLUSION:AST protects against lens opacification to avoid cataracts and polyols formation,indicating that it could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes.
文摘Objective: The present study consisted of challenging the extract of kombucha and the fungus Ganoderma reported as hypoglycemic and used as alternative treatments against diabetes on the number and morphology of islets of Langerhans. Material and Methods: 64 Wistar rats were used in 4 groups: one control, three experimental, streptozotocin, Kombucha y Ganoderma induced diabetes with streptozotocin. Divided into four post-induction stages at 2, 15, 30 and 45 days of treatment, sacrificing 4 rats at each stage, to perform the morphological analysis of the pancreas. Results: A decrease in the islets of Langerhans in size, volume and the number of cells within them was identified for the streptozotocin group from the second stage until almost disappearing due to diabetes, in the groups of Kombucha y Ganoderma the same was observed but they were recovered with the extract treatments and the average number of islets was similar in these groups, the group of Ganoderma. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this work, a protective and regenerative effect of both extracts is identified.
基金Supported by Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund,No.ZDYF2022SHFZ114Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.820RC650+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82060377Innovative Research Project for Graduate Students of Hainan Medical University,No.HYYS2020-18,No.HYYS2021A09,and No.HYYS2021A22.
文摘BACKGROUND Wild rats have the potential to hold zoonotic infectious agents that can spread to humans and cause disease.AIM To better understand the composition of gut bacterial communities in rats is essential for preventing and treating such diseases.As a tropical island located in the south of China,Hainan province has abundant rat species.Here,we examined the gut bacterial composition in wild adult rats from Hainan province.METHODS Fresh fecal samples were collected from 162 wild adult rats,including three species(Rattus norvegicus,Leopoldamys edwardsi,and Rattus losea),from nine regions of Hainan province between 2017-2018.RESULTS We analyzed the composition of gut microbiota using the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.We identified 4903 bacterial operational taxonomic units(30 phyla,175 families,and 498 genera),which vary between samples of different rat species in various habitats at various times of the year.In general,Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla,followed by Bacteroidetes(15.55%),Proteobacteria(6.13%),and Actinobacteria(4.02%).The genus Lactobacillus(20.08%),unidentified_Clostridiales(5.16%),Romboutsia(4.33%),unidentified_Ruminococcaceae(3.83%),Bacteroides(3.66%),Helicobacter(2.40%)and Streptococcus(2.37%)were dominant.CONCLUSION The composition and abundance of the gut microbial communities varied between rat species and locations.This work provides fundamental information to identify microbial communities useful for disease control in Hainan province.
文摘Background and Aim: Sarcocephalus latifolius is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruits aqueous extract against paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. Material and Methods: Aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruits at doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg were administered orally to rats with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity (1 g/kg). The treatment with the extract and paracetamol lasted 7 days. Silymarin (50 mg/kg) was given as reference control. All tested drugs were administered orally. Results: Our results show that the Sarcocephalus latifolius fruits extract induced a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alkaline phosphatase (PAL) and total bilirubin (TB). Then, the extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg showed a better protection (p < 0.001) of hepatocytes with a percentage of protection of 43.59% ± 2.03%;59.43% ± 4.12%;73.29% ± 5.72% and 62.55% ± 7.48% for ALAT, ASAT, PAL and TB, respectively. The histology of livers exposed to paracetamol shows an inflammation of the hepatocytes. In addition, there was a significant alteration of the liver parenchyma. The 500 mg/kg extract showed a resorption of the inflammation. Histopathological examination showed that the extract regenerated paracetamol-induced liver damage. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruits has hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. But it would be important to evaluate the activity of aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruits on oxidative stress parameters in vivo in rats. .
基金supported by Scientific Research Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration of Shanxi Province(2019ZYYC036)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in hippocampus of depressed rats.Methods:The depression rat model was established by chronic unpredictable stress(CUMS)combined with solitary rearing.The rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,electroacupuncture group and fluoxetine group,with 10 rats in each group.In the electroacupuncture group,‘Baihui',‘Shenting',‘Hegu'and‘Taichong'were selected.Acupuncture was performed 1 h before modeling every day,and the needles were retained for 20 min,once a day for 21 d.Fluoxetine group:Fluoxetine(10 mg/kg,1 mg/mL)was intragastrically administered 1 h before modeling for 21 d.The changes of body weight,the number of standing and the distance of movement in open field test,the immobility time of forced swimming test were observed.The contents of 5-HT,DA and NE in serum were detected by ELISA.The expression of BDNF,CREB and TrkB in hippocampus was detected by Western blot.The expression of BDNF and CREB mRNA in hippocampus was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:After modeling intervention:Compared with the blank group,the body weight,the number of standing,the distance of movement,the content of serum 5-HT,DA and NE,the expression of BDNF,CREB and TrkB in the hippocampus of the model group were significantly decreased(all P<0.01),and the immobility time was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the body weight,the number of standing,the distance of movement,the content of 5-HT,DA and NE in serum,the expression of BDNF,CREB and TrkB in hippocampus were significantly increased(all P<0.05),and the immobility time was significantly decreased(P<0.05)in the EA group and fluoxetine group.There was no significant difference between the electroacupuncture group and the fluoxetine group(P>0.05).Conclusion:EA can significantly improve the symptoms of depression in rats,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway-related proteins in hippocampus,increase the content of monoamine neurotransmitters 5-HT,NE and DA,resulting in antidepressant effect.
文摘Problem Statement: Malaria’s global impact necessitates effective treatments, like dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA/PQP), though safety concerns, notably drug-induced cardiotoxicity (DICT), persist. A knowledge gap exists regarding DHA/PQP’s cardiac effects, warranting a comprehensive investigation. Approach: This study aimed to assess KROSH (DHA/PQP) impact on albino rat heart histology, examining structural changes and potential cardiotoxicity. 40 albino rats were grouped by KROSH dosage and duration, monitored for weight changes, and heart tissues were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. Statistical analysis compared to control and treated groups. Results: KROSH administration led to varying rat weight effects, yet not statistically significant. Histological analysis revealed dose and duration-dependent cardiac tissue alterations, including distortion, adipose deposits, artery hypertrophy, fibrosis, and necrosis. These contrasts with prior research documenting DHA/PQP’s non-toxic effects. Conclusion/Recommendation: This study highlights potential KROSH (DHA/PQP) cardiotoxicity concerns through histological changes, underscoring the need for further research into underlying mechanisms and human health implications. Given DHA/PQP’s wide use, these findings should inform safety evaluations and administration practices.
