Infrared optoelectronic sensing is the core of many critical applications such as night vision,health and medication,military,space exploration,etc.Further including mechanical flexibility as a new dimension enables n...Infrared optoelectronic sensing is the core of many critical applications such as night vision,health and medication,military,space exploration,etc.Further including mechanical flexibility as a new dimension enables novel features of adaptability and conformability,promising for developing next-generation optoelectronic sensory applications toward reduced size,weight,price,power consumption,and enhanced performance(SWaP^(3)).However,in this emerging research frontier,challenges persist in simultaneously achieving high infrared response and good mechanical deformability in devices and integrated systems.Therefore,we perform a comprehensive review of the design strategies and insights of flexible infrared optoelectronic sensors,including the fundamentals of infrared photodetectors,selection of materials and device architectures,fabrication techniques and design strategies,and the discussion of architectural and functional integration towards applications in wearable optoelectronics and advanced image sensing.Finally,this article offers insights into future directions to practically realize the ultra-high performance and smart sensors enabled by infrared-sensitive materials,covering challenges in materials development and device micro-/nanofabrication.Benchmarks for scaling these techniques across fabrication,performance,and integration are presented,alongside perspectives on potential applications in medication and health,biomimetic vision,and neuromorphic sensory systems,etc.展开更多
Direct electrolysis of seawater to produce green hydrogen is a more environmentally friendly process than freshwater electrolysis.The renewable energy sector exhibits tremendous interest in practical seawater electrol...Direct electrolysis of seawater to produce green hydrogen is a more environmentally friendly process than freshwater electrolysis.The renewable energy sector exhibits tremendous interest in practical seawater electrolysis techniques due to its substantial capacity to mitigate the need for freshwater consumption.With the low catalytic efficiency of the current seawater splitting process and the poor reliability of its operation,the process suffers from severe corrosion caused by chloride ions,as well as anodic competition between oxygen evolution and chlorine oxidation reactions.This review provides an overview of the latest electrocatalyst developments for promoting selectivity and stability in seawater electrolysis.Using the characterization and simulation results,as well as active machine learning,advanced electrocatalytic materials can be designed and developed,a research direction that will become increasingly important in the future.A variety of strategies are discussed in detail for designing advanced electrocatalysts in seawater electrolysis,including the surface protective layer,structural regulation by heteroatom doping and vacancies,porous structure,core-shell construction,and 3D hetero-structure construction to hinder chlorine evolution reactions.Finally,future perspectives and challenges for green hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis are also described.展开更多
Magnesium-based biomaterials(MBMs)are one of the most promising materials for tissue engineering due to their unique mechanical properties and excellent functional properties.This review describes the development,adva...Magnesium-based biomaterials(MBMs)are one of the most promising materials for tissue engineering due to their unique mechanical properties and excellent functional properties.This review describes the development,advantages,and challenges of MBMs for biomedical applications,especially for tissue repair and regeneration.The history of the use of MBMs from the beginning of the 20th century is traced,and the transformative advances in contemporary applications of MBMs in areas such as orthopedics and cardiovascular surgery are emphasized.The review also provides insight into the signaling pathways affected by MBMs,such as the PI3K/Akt and RANKL/RANK/OPG pathways,which are critical for osteogenesis and angiogenesis.The review advocates that future research should focus on optimizing alloy compositions,surface modification and exploring innovative technologies such as 3D printing to improve the efficacy of MBMs in complex tissue repair.The potential of MBMs to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is significant,urging further exploration and interdisciplinary collaboration to maximize their therapeutic effects.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)significantly contribute to high mortality globally and negatively affect patients’qualifications of life.The gastrointestinal tract has unique anatomical characteristics and physiolog...Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)significantly contribute to high mortality globally and negatively affect patients’qualifications of life.The gastrointestinal tract has unique anatomical characteristics and physiological environment limitations.Moreover,certain natural or synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with poor targeting,low drug accumulation at the lesion site,and other side effects,hindering them from exerting their therapeutic effects.Colon-targeted drug delivery systems represent attractive alternatives as novel carriers for IBD treatment.This review mainly discusses the treatment status of IBD,obstacles to drug delivery,design strategies of colon-targeted delivery systems,and perspectives on the existing complementary therapies.Moreover,based on recent reports,we summarized the therapeutic mechanism of colon-targeted drug delivery.Finally,we addressed the challenges and future directions to facilitate the exploitation of advanced nanomedicine for IBD therapy.展开更多
This paper presents a comprehensive survey for the situation of light environment in large commercial building through architecture design information,subjective and objective fieldwork and online survey for three typ...This paper presents a comprehensive survey for the situation of light environment in large commercial building through architecture design information,subjective and objective fieldwork and online survey for three typical commercial building forms( centralized form, covered mall shopping center, lifestyle center).Descriptive method is used for statistical analysis which includes the evaluation of light environmental quality,subjective assessment among daylight and artificial illumination,effect of physical characteristics on subjective assessment of light environment. Based on the results of statistical analysis,the improving strategies for light environment are proposed in terms of making use of daylight,artificial lighting design and improvement of the overall light environmental quality. The design strategies which based on the consumer needs is very important can provide help for further impact prediction on the quality of light environment.展开更多
From 1999, with the rapid expansion of enrollment scale, colleges have experienced fast development and construction of new campuses. However, the urgency of the demand for campus space at that time led to the shortco...From 1999, with the rapid expansion of enrollment scale, colleges have experienced fast development and construction of new campuses. However, the urgency of the demand for campus space at that time led to the shortcomings of paying more attention to speed than connotation during the construction of the new campus. Even now the evaluation of new campuses which have been used for nearly twenty years and whether the space of new campuses has played its due role will affect the display of the heritage and temperament of colleges. This paper uses the typical spatial cognitive concept—spatial image to analyse the elements of spatial images on campuses, summarizes the perceptions of teachers and students towards the space of four new campuses in Chengdu through questionnaire survey and analysis, puts forward the principles of campus space design and the strategies of classification design, and intends to take spatial images as the research cut-in point to provide new ideas and suggestions for the design and improvement of campus space from the perspective of users.展开更多
Transformation and innovation of assistance model promote the transition of urban social assistance building to multi-functional building. This paper, on the basis of analyzing complexity and peculiarity of urban soci...Transformation and innovation of assistance model promote the transition of urban social assistance building to multi-functional building. This paper, on the basis of analyzing complexity and peculiarity of urban social assistance building, as well as researches and practices of sustainable improvement of domestic architecture, proposed environmental, social and economic objectives of the sustainable improvement of urban social assistance building, and elaborated design strategies from the perspectives of site selection and its impact on environment, application, evaluation and utilization of ecological technologies, reform of old buildings, flexible internal layout of building and combination of routine use and disaster use design, so as to improve social benefits and social assessment of assistance buildings sustainably, and to balance humanistic concerns and social resource input.展开更多
Based on the characteristics of regional culture,the application strategies of regional cultural elements in the design of cultural and creative products were analyzed.The aim is to effectively combine cultural and cr...Based on the characteristics of regional culture,the application strategies of regional cultural elements in the design of cultural and creative products were analyzed.The aim is to effectively combine cultural and creative design with regional cultural elements to provide contemporary life with regional cultural and creative products,better serve modern needs,and enhance public awareness in the form of aesthetics.Firstly,the research status of regional culture and cultural and creative product design was summarized,and then the relationship between regional culture and product design was discussed from the aspects of appearance,material and craftsmanship.Afterwards,the value of regional cultural and creative product design was proposed,and the general strategies of regional cultural and creative products were further sorted out to make people feel the pleasure brought by the deep and strong regional culture.展开更多
Road traffic conditions can have an important impact on the economic development of various regions.Under the background of rapid social and economic development,more and more expressway construction projects are init...Road traffic conditions can have an important impact on the economic development of various regions.Under the background of rapid social and economic development,more and more expressway construction projects are initiated in various regions,including both new expressways and expansion of old expressways,and interchange design plays an important role.Scientific and reasonable interchange design can not only realize energy saving and low carbon footprint,but also be people-oriented and promote regional economic development.Therefore,this paper mainly analyzes the highway route and its interchange design strategy for reference.展开更多
Rechargeable lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,featuring high energy density,low cost,and environmental friendliness,have been dubbed as one of the most promising candidates to replace current commercial rechargeable Li-i...Rechargeable lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,featuring high energy density,low cost,and environmental friendliness,have been dubbed as one of the most promising candidates to replace current commercial rechargeable Li-ion batteries.However,their practical deployment has long been plagued by the infamous“shuttle effect”of soluble Li polysulfides(LiPSs)and the rampant growth of Li dendrites.Therefore,it is important to specifically elucidate the solvation structure in the Li-S system and systematically summarize the feasibility strategies that can simultaneously suppress the shuttle effect and the growth of Li dendrites for practical applications.This review attempts to achieve this goal.In this review,we first introduce the importance of developing Li-S batteries and highlight the key challenges.Then,we revisit the working principles of Li-S batteries and underscore the fundamental understanding of LiPSs.Next,we summarize some representative characterization techniques and theoretical calculations applied to characterize the solvation structure of LiPSs.Afterward,we overview feasible designing strategies that can simultaneously suppress the shuttle effect of soluble LiPSs and the growth of Li dendrites.Finally,we conclude and propose personal insights and perspectives on the future development of Li-S batteries.We envisage that this timely review can provide some inspiration to build better Li-S batteries for promoting practical applications.展开更多
A greater number of compact and reliable electrostatic capacitors are in demand due to the Internet of Things boom and rapidly growing complex and integrated electronic systems,continuously promoting the development o...A greater number of compact and reliable electrostatic capacitors are in demand due to the Internet of Things boom and rapidly growing complex and integrated electronic systems,continuously promoting the development of high-energy-density ceramic-based capacitors.Although significant successes have been achieved in obtaining high energy densities in lead-based ferroelectric ceramics,the utilization of lead-containing ceramies has been restricted due to environmental and health hazards of lead.Lead-free ferroelectric ceramics have garnered tremendous attention and are expected to replace lead-based ceramics in the near future.However,the energy density of lead-free ceramics is still lagging behind that of lead-containing cou.nterparts,severely limiting their applications.Significant efforts have been made to enhance the energy storage performance of lead-free ceramics using multi-scale design strategies,and exciting progress has been achieved in the past decade.This review briefly discusses the energy storage mechanism and fundamental characteristics of a dielectric capacitor,summarizes and compares the state-of-the-art design strategies for high-energy-density lead-free ceramics,and highlights several critical issues and requirements for industrial production.The prospects and challenges of lead-free ceramics for energy storage applications are also discussed.展开更多
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses(IFV),According to the World Health Organization(WHO),seasonal IFV epidemics result in approximately 3-5 million cases of severe illness,leading t...Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses(IFV),According to the World Health Organization(WHO),seasonal IFV epidemics result in approximately 3-5 million cases of severe illness,leading to about half a million deaths worldwide,along with severe economic losses and social burdens.Unfortunately,frequent mutations in IFV lead to a certain lag in vaccine development as well as resistance to existing antiviral drugs.Therefore,it is of great importance to develop anti-IFV drugs with high efficiency against wild-type and resistant strains,needed in the fight against current and future outbreaks caused by different IFV strains.In this review,we summarize general strategies used for the discovery and development of antiviral agents targeting multiple IFV strains(including those resistant to available drugs).Structure-based drug design,mechanism-based drug design,multivalent interaction-based drug design and drug repurposing are amongst the most relevant strategies that provide a framework for the development of antiviral drugs targeting IFV.展开更多
Nerve regeneration holds significant potential in the treatment of various skeletal and neurological disorders to restore lost sensory and motor functions.The potential of nerve regeneration in ameliorating neurologic...Nerve regeneration holds significant potential in the treatment of various skeletal and neurological disorders to restore lost sensory and motor functions.The potential of nerve regeneration in ameliorating neurological diseases and injuries is critical to human health.Three-dimensional(3D)printing offers versatility and precision in the fabrication of neural scaffolds.Complex neural structures such as neural tubes and scaffolds can be fabricated via 3Dprinting.This reviewcomprehensively analyzes the current state of 3D-printed neural scaffolds and explores strategies to enhance their design.It highlights therapeutic strategies and structural design involving neural materials and stem cells.First,nerve regeneration materials and their fabrication techniques are outlined.The applications of conductive materials in neural scaffolds are reviewed,and their potential to facilitate neural signal transmission and regeneration is highlighted.Second,the progress in 3D-printed neural scaffolds applied to the peripheral and central nerves is comprehensively evaluated,and their potential to restore neural function and promote the recovery of different nervous systems is emphasized.In addition,various applications of 3D-printed neural scaffolds in peripheral and neurological diseases,as well as the design strategies of multifunctional biomimetic scaffolds,are discussed.展开更多
Tall buildings are being designed and built across a wide range of cities.A poorly designed tall building can tremendously increase the building’s appetite for energy.Therefore,this paper aims to determine the design...Tall buildings are being designed and built across a wide range of cities.A poorly designed tall building can tremendously increase the building’s appetite for energy.Therefore,this paper aims to determine the design strategies that help a high-rise office building to be more energy efficient.For this purpose,a comparative study on twelve case buildings in three climate groups(temperate,sub-tropical&tropical)was performed.The exterior envelope,building form and orientation,service core placement,plan layout,and special design elements like atria and sky gardens were the subject of investigation.effectiveness of different design strategies for reducing the cooling,heating,ventilation and electric lighting energy usage.Finally,lessons from these buildings’were defined for the three climates.Furthermore,a compari-son of building energy performance data with international benchmarks confirmed that in temperate and sub-tropical climates sustainable design strategies for high-rise buildings were performing well,as a result leading to lower energy consump-tion.However,for the tropics the design of high-rise buildings needs additional consideration.展开更多
Industrial development can enrich people＇s lives, but it also causes environmental pollution, which is an area of significant concern among governments, consumers, and companies. Governments formulate some environmen...Industrial development can enrich people＇s lives, but it also causes environmental pollution, which is an area of significant concern among governments, consumers, and companies. Governments formulate some environmental policies, which motivate industry by providing greater incentives for green product development. Consumers are classified into two groups - ordinary and green market segments - according to their environmental awareness and attitudes. In this regard, companies need to reconsider their primary product design strategies. By investigating the interactions among customers＇ preferences, firms＇ product strategies, and government subsidy policies, this paper presents a theoretical model for new product design strategies. After detailed theoretical analysis of such strategies, we found that to motivate firms to choose environmentally friendly product design strategies, governments should inaugurate effective subsidy policies. After simultaneously considering environmental issues and firms＇ benefits, we designed a subsidy policy. With such a policy, firms can change their primary product design strategies and develop both green and ordinary products, thereby increasing the firms＇ profits and improving the total environmental quality.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)materials are intensively attractive for fabricating high sensitive photodetectors in terms of atomically thin flexible and ultrafast charge transport feature.Due to their atomically thin body,desig...Two-dimensional(2D)materials are intensively attractive for fabricating high sensitive photodetectors in terms of atomically thin flexible and ultrafast charge transport feature.Due to their atomically thin body,designing high performance detector requires new physical mechanisms and device structures.In this review,we classify design strategies and device structures into four categories depending on their physical mechanisms(photovoltaic effect,photoconductive effect,photothermoelectric effect or photobolometric effect,and surface plasma-wave-assisted effect),and summarize the device performances.Finally,future prospects and development direction for 2D material photodetectors are described.Those design strategies descriptions about photoelectronic detector provide a reference for high responsivity and fast response speed photodetector at broadband sensing in the future.展开更多
Today, parallel programming is dominated by message passing libraries, such as message passing interface （MPI）. This article intends to simplify parallel programming by generating parallel programs from parallelized...Today, parallel programming is dominated by message passing libraries, such as message passing interface （MPI）. This article intends to simplify parallel programming by generating parallel programs from parallelized algorithm design strategies. It uses skeletons to abstract parallelized algorithm design strategies, as well as parallel architectures. Starting from problem specification, an abstract parallel abstract programming language＋ （Apla＋） program is generated from parallelized algorithm design strategies and problem-specific function definitions. By combining with parallel architectures, implicity of parallelism inside the parallelized algorithm design strategies is exploited. With implementation and transformation, C＋＋ and parallel virtual machine （CPPVM） parallel program is finally generated. Parallelized branch and bound （B＆B） algorithm design strategy and paraUelized divide and conquer （D ＆ C） algorithm design strategy are studied in this article as examples. And it also illustrates the approach with a case study.展开更多
MOFs are among the most popular precursors and templates for deriving various porous materials,where the derivatives can inherit a large surface area,abundant active sites for targeted functionalities and a high degre...MOFs are among the most popular precursors and templates for deriving various porous materials,where the derivatives can inherit a large surface area,abundant active sites for targeted functionalities and a high degree of porosity inherited from their parent MOFs.Those unique structural features make them promising candidates in multiple applications.More interestingly,the structure and properties of these MOF derivatives can be modulated by the choice of the parent MOFs and the design in the conversion process.In this overview,the transformation pathways from MOFs into their porous derivatives,the principles underlying these transformations,and the behavior of the MOF components in the transition process are discussed.Recently,there has been tremendous progress in preserving and enhancing the surface area,the amount of active sites and the level of porosity of the MOF-derived materials for targeted applications,from the perspectives of both customizing the parent MOFs and tailoring the transformation process.To develop the rationally designed MOF-derived materials and thus to elucidate the precursor-process-product correlations,some typical examples of the MOF derivatives applied in electrochemical energy storage and conversion,water treatment,gas sensing,and biomedicine are discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the key design strategies.展开更多
Although several research works in the literature have focused on studying the capabilities of additive manufacturing(AM) systems, few works have addressed the development of Design for Additive Manufacturing(DfAM) kn...Although several research works in the literature have focused on studying the capabilities of additive manufacturing(AM) systems, few works have addressed the development of Design for Additive Manufacturing(DfAM) knowledge,tools, rules, and methodologies, which has limited the penetration and impact of AM in industry. In this paper a comprehensive review of design and manufacturing strategies for Fused Deposition Modelling(FDM) is presented.Consequently, several DfAM strategies are proposed and analysed based on existing research works and the operation principles, materials, capabilities and limitations of the FDM process. These strategies have been divided into four main groups: geometry, quality, materials and sustainability. The implementation and practicality of the proposed DfAM is illustrated by three case studies. The new proposed DfAM strategies are intended to assist designers and manufacturers when making decisions to satisfy functional needs, while ensuring manufacturability in FDM systems.Moreover, many of these strategies can be applied or extended to other AM processes besides FDM.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are supposed to be one of the most potential next-generation batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the shuttle effect of firm multi-step two-elect...Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are supposed to be one of the most potential next-generation batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the shuttle effect of firm multi-step two-electron reaction between sulfur and lithium in liquid electrolyte makes the capacity much smaller than the theoretical value.Many methods were proposed for inhibiting the shuttle effect of polysulfide,improving corresponding redox kinetics and enhancing the integral performance of Li–S batteries.Here,we will comprehensively and systematically summarize the strategies for inhibiting the shuttle effect from all components of Li–S batteries.First,the electrochemical principles/mechanism and origin of the shuttle effect are described in detail.Moreover,the efficient strategies,including boosting the sulfur conversion rate of sulfur,confining sulfur or lithium polysulfides(LPS)within cathode host,confining LPS in the shield layer,and preventing LPS from contacting the anode,will be discussed to suppress the shuttle effect.Then,recent advances in inhibition of shuttle effect in cathode,electrolyte,separator,and anode with the aforementioned strategies have been summarized to direct the further design of efficient materials for Li–S batteries.Finally,we present prospects for inhibition of the LPS shuttle and potential development directions in Li–S batteries.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62204015)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L223006).
文摘Infrared optoelectronic sensing is the core of many critical applications such as night vision,health and medication,military,space exploration,etc.Further including mechanical flexibility as a new dimension enables novel features of adaptability and conformability,promising for developing next-generation optoelectronic sensory applications toward reduced size,weight,price,power consumption,and enhanced performance(SWaP^(3)).However,in this emerging research frontier,challenges persist in simultaneously achieving high infrared response and good mechanical deformability in devices and integrated systems.Therefore,we perform a comprehensive review of the design strategies and insights of flexible infrared optoelectronic sensors,including the fundamentals of infrared photodetectors,selection of materials and device architectures,fabrication techniques and design strategies,and the discussion of architectural and functional integration towards applications in wearable optoelectronics and advanced image sensing.Finally,this article offers insights into future directions to practically realize the ultra-high performance and smart sensors enabled by infrared-sensitive materials,covering challenges in materials development and device micro-/nanofabrication.Benchmarks for scaling these techniques across fabrication,performance,and integration are presented,alongside perspectives on potential applications in medication and health,biomimetic vision,and neuromorphic sensory systems,etc.
基金part of a research project, PIF 726175Alfaisal University and its Office of Research & Innovation for their continuous support throughout this study。
文摘Direct electrolysis of seawater to produce green hydrogen is a more environmentally friendly process than freshwater electrolysis.The renewable energy sector exhibits tremendous interest in practical seawater electrolysis techniques due to its substantial capacity to mitigate the need for freshwater consumption.With the low catalytic efficiency of the current seawater splitting process and the poor reliability of its operation,the process suffers from severe corrosion caused by chloride ions,as well as anodic competition between oxygen evolution and chlorine oxidation reactions.This review provides an overview of the latest electrocatalyst developments for promoting selectivity and stability in seawater electrolysis.Using the characterization and simulation results,as well as active machine learning,advanced electrocatalytic materials can be designed and developed,a research direction that will become increasingly important in the future.A variety of strategies are discussed in detail for designing advanced electrocatalysts in seawater electrolysis,including the surface protective layer,structural regulation by heteroatom doping and vacancies,porous structure,core-shell construction,and 3D hetero-structure construction to hinder chlorine evolution reactions.Finally,future perspectives and challenges for green hydrogen production from seawater electrolysis are also described.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82202672)the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province(No.2022e07020017)+5 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(2022M723049)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20230350)Research Funds of Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM(No.2023IHM02007)the Foundation of National Center for Translational Medicine(Shanghai)SHU Branch(No.SUITM-202301)Anhui Provincial Research Preparation Plan(2022AH040074),Natural science fund for colleges and universities in Anhui Proxince(2023AH053289)Research Fund of Anhui Institute of translational medicine(2022zhyx-C32).
文摘Magnesium-based biomaterials(MBMs)are one of the most promising materials for tissue engineering due to their unique mechanical properties and excellent functional properties.This review describes the development,advantages,and challenges of MBMs for biomedical applications,especially for tissue repair and regeneration.The history of the use of MBMs from the beginning of the 20th century is traced,and the transformative advances in contemporary applications of MBMs in areas such as orthopedics and cardiovascular surgery are emphasized.The review also provides insight into the signaling pathways affected by MBMs,such as the PI3K/Akt and RANKL/RANK/OPG pathways,which are critical for osteogenesis and angiogenesis.The review advocates that future research should focus on optimizing alloy compositions,surface modification and exploring innovative technologies such as 3D printing to improve the efficacy of MBMs in complex tissue repair.The potential of MBMs to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is significant,urging further exploration and interdisciplinary collaboration to maximize their therapeutic effects.
基金supported by CACMS Innovation Fund(CI2021B016,CI2021A04801)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82192913,82174073)+2 种基金Qihuang Scholar ProgramCACMS Foundation(ZZ13-035-10)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M733913).
文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)significantly contribute to high mortality globally and negatively affect patients’qualifications of life.The gastrointestinal tract has unique anatomical characteristics and physiological environment limitations.Moreover,certain natural or synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with poor targeting,low drug accumulation at the lesion site,and other side effects,hindering them from exerting their therapeutic effects.Colon-targeted drug delivery systems represent attractive alternatives as novel carriers for IBD treatment.This review mainly discusses the treatment status of IBD,obstacles to drug delivery,design strategies of colon-targeted delivery systems,and perspectives on the existing complementary therapies.Moreover,based on recent reports,we summarized the therapeutic mechanism of colon-targeted drug delivery.Finally,we addressed the challenges and future directions to facilitate the exploitation of advanced nanomedicine for IBD therapy.
基金Sponsored by the National Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China (Grant No.2012BAJ06B04-02)
文摘This paper presents a comprehensive survey for the situation of light environment in large commercial building through architecture design information,subjective and objective fieldwork and online survey for three typical commercial building forms( centralized form, covered mall shopping center, lifestyle center).Descriptive method is used for statistical analysis which includes the evaluation of light environmental quality,subjective assessment among daylight and artificial illumination,effect of physical characteristics on subjective assessment of light environment. Based on the results of statistical analysis,the improving strategies for light environment are proposed in terms of making use of daylight,artificial lighting design and improvement of the overall light environmental quality. The design strategies which based on the consumer needs is very important can provide help for further impact prediction on the quality of light environment.
基金Sponsored by Technology Research Program of Sichuan Province of China(2016JY0111)
文摘From 1999, with the rapid expansion of enrollment scale, colleges have experienced fast development and construction of new campuses. However, the urgency of the demand for campus space at that time led to the shortcomings of paying more attention to speed than connotation during the construction of the new campus. Even now the evaluation of new campuses which have been used for nearly twenty years and whether the space of new campuses has played its due role will affect the display of the heritage and temperament of colleges. This paper uses the typical spatial cognitive concept—spatial image to analyse the elements of spatial images on campuses, summarizes the perceptions of teachers and students towards the space of four new campuses in Chengdu through questionnaire survey and analysis, puts forward the principles of campus space design and the strategies of classification design, and intends to take spatial images as the research cut-in point to provide new ideas and suggestions for the design and improvement of campus space from the perspective of users.
文摘Transformation and innovation of assistance model promote the transition of urban social assistance building to multi-functional building. This paper, on the basis of analyzing complexity and peculiarity of urban social assistance building, as well as researches and practices of sustainable improvement of domestic architecture, proposed environmental, social and economic objectives of the sustainable improvement of urban social assistance building, and elaborated design strategies from the perspectives of site selection and its impact on environment, application, evaluation and utilization of ecological technologies, reform of old buildings, flexible internal layout of building and combination of routine use and disaster use design, so as to improve social benefits and social assessment of assistance buildings sustainably, and to balance humanistic concerns and social resource input.
基金the Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation for Young Scholars of the Ministry of Education of China in 2018 (18YJC ZH197)。
文摘Based on the characteristics of regional culture,the application strategies of regional cultural elements in the design of cultural and creative products were analyzed.The aim is to effectively combine cultural and creative design with regional cultural elements to provide contemporary life with regional cultural and creative products,better serve modern needs,and enhance public awareness in the form of aesthetics.Firstly,the research status of regional culture and cultural and creative product design was summarized,and then the relationship between regional culture and product design was discussed from the aspects of appearance,material and craftsmanship.Afterwards,the value of regional cultural and creative product design was proposed,and the general strategies of regional cultural and creative products were further sorted out to make people feel the pleasure brought by the deep and strong regional culture.
文摘Road traffic conditions can have an important impact on the economic development of various regions.Under the background of rapid social and economic development,more and more expressway construction projects are initiated in various regions,including both new expressways and expansion of old expressways,and interchange design plays an important role.Scientific and reasonable interchange design can not only realize energy saving and low carbon footprint,but also be people-oriented and promote regional economic development.Therefore,this paper mainly analyzes the highway route and its interchange design strategy for reference.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972064 and 52222315)
文摘Rechargeable lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,featuring high energy density,low cost,and environmental friendliness,have been dubbed as one of the most promising candidates to replace current commercial rechargeable Li-ion batteries.However,their practical deployment has long been plagued by the infamous“shuttle effect”of soluble Li polysulfides(LiPSs)and the rampant growth of Li dendrites.Therefore,it is important to specifically elucidate the solvation structure in the Li-S system and systematically summarize the feasibility strategies that can simultaneously suppress the shuttle effect and the growth of Li dendrites for practical applications.This review attempts to achieve this goal.In this review,we first introduce the importance of developing Li-S batteries and highlight the key challenges.Then,we revisit the working principles of Li-S batteries and underscore the fundamental understanding of LiPSs.Next,we summarize some representative characterization techniques and theoretical calculations applied to characterize the solvation structure of LiPSs.Afterward,we overview feasible designing strategies that can simultaneously suppress the shuttle effect of soluble LiPSs and the growth of Li dendrites.Finally,we conclude and propose personal insights and perspectives on the future development of Li-S batteries.We envisage that this timely review can provide some inspiration to build better Li-S batteries for promoting practical applications.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.61631166004)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.KQTD20180411143514543 and JCYJ20180504165831308)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Program(Grant No.2021B1212040001)。
文摘A greater number of compact and reliable electrostatic capacitors are in demand due to the Internet of Things boom and rapidly growing complex and integrated electronic systems,continuously promoting the development of high-energy-density ceramic-based capacitors.Although significant successes have been achieved in obtaining high energy densities in lead-based ferroelectric ceramics,the utilization of lead-containing ceramies has been restricted due to environmental and health hazards of lead.Lead-free ferroelectric ceramics have garnered tremendous attention and are expected to replace lead-based ceramics in the near future.However,the energy density of lead-free ceramics is still lagging behind that of lead-containing cou.nterparts,severely limiting their applications.Significant efforts have been made to enhance the energy storage performance of lead-free ceramics using multi-scale design strategies,and exciting progress has been achieved in the past decade.This review briefly discusses the energy storage mechanism and fundamental characteristics of a dielectric capacitor,summarizes and compares the state-of-the-art design strategies for high-energy-density lead-free ceramics,and highlights several critical issues and requirements for industrial production.The prospects and challenges of lead-free ceramics for energy storage applications are also discussed.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.82173677)the Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars of Shandong Province(ZR2020JQ31,China)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711938)supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain through grant PID2019-104176RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 awarded to Luis Menendez-Arias-A.
文摘Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses(IFV),According to the World Health Organization(WHO),seasonal IFV epidemics result in approximately 3-5 million cases of severe illness,leading to about half a million deaths worldwide,along with severe economic losses and social burdens.Unfortunately,frequent mutations in IFV lead to a certain lag in vaccine development as well as resistance to existing antiviral drugs.Therefore,it is of great importance to develop anti-IFV drugs with high efficiency against wild-type and resistant strains,needed in the fight against current and future outbreaks caused by different IFV strains.In this review,we summarize general strategies used for the discovery and development of antiviral agents targeting multiple IFV strains(including those resistant to available drugs).Structure-based drug design,mechanism-based drug design,multivalent interaction-based drug design and drug repurposing are amongst the most relevant strategies that provide a framework for the development of antiviral drugs targeting IFV.
基金support was received from the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2023C02040)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(No.222300420152)+3 种基金the Medical Science and Technology Research Program of Henan Province,China(No.LHGJ20220677)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32372757)the Innovative Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Nos.Y2022QC24 and CAASASTIP-2021-TRI)the Postdoctoral Research and Development Fund of West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.2023HXBH052).
文摘Nerve regeneration holds significant potential in the treatment of various skeletal and neurological disorders to restore lost sensory and motor functions.The potential of nerve regeneration in ameliorating neurological diseases and injuries is critical to human health.Three-dimensional(3D)printing offers versatility and precision in the fabrication of neural scaffolds.Complex neural structures such as neural tubes and scaffolds can be fabricated via 3Dprinting.This reviewcomprehensively analyzes the current state of 3D-printed neural scaffolds and explores strategies to enhance their design.It highlights therapeutic strategies and structural design involving neural materials and stem cells.First,nerve regeneration materials and their fabrication techniques are outlined.The applications of conductive materials in neural scaffolds are reviewed,and their potential to facilitate neural signal transmission and regeneration is highlighted.Second,the progress in 3D-printed neural scaffolds applied to the peripheral and central nerves is comprehensively evaluated,and their potential to restore neural function and promote the recovery of different nervous systems is emphasized.In addition,various applications of 3D-printed neural scaffolds in peripheral and neurological diseases,as well as the design strategies of multifunctional biomimetic scaffolds,are discussed.
文摘Tall buildings are being designed and built across a wide range of cities.A poorly designed tall building can tremendously increase the building’s appetite for energy.Therefore,this paper aims to determine the design strategies that help a high-rise office building to be more energy efficient.For this purpose,a comparative study on twelve case buildings in three climate groups(temperate,sub-tropical&tropical)was performed.The exterior envelope,building form and orientation,service core placement,plan layout,and special design elements like atria and sky gardens were the subject of investigation.effectiveness of different design strategies for reducing the cooling,heating,ventilation and electric lighting energy usage.Finally,lessons from these buildings’were defined for the three climates.Furthermore,a compari-son of building energy performance data with international benchmarks confirmed that in temperate and sub-tropical climates sustainable design strategies for high-rise buildings were performing well,as a result leading to lower energy consump-tion.However,for the tropics the design of high-rise buildings needs additional consideration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.70725001, 70821001 and 7120103the Provincial Research Institutions of Anhui under Grant No.2012WLGH03
文摘Industrial development can enrich people＇s lives, but it also causes environmental pollution, which is an area of significant concern among governments, consumers, and companies. Governments formulate some environmental policies, which motivate industry by providing greater incentives for green product development. Consumers are classified into two groups - ordinary and green market segments - according to their environmental awareness and attitudes. In this regard, companies need to reconsider their primary product design strategies. By investigating the interactions among customers＇ preferences, firms＇ product strategies, and government subsidy policies, this paper presents a theoretical model for new product design strategies. After detailed theoretical analysis of such strategies, we found that to motivate firms to choose environmentally friendly product design strategies, governments should inaugurate effective subsidy policies. After simultaneously considering environmental issues and firms＇ benefits, we designed a subsidy policy. With such a policy, firms can change their primary product design strategies and develop both green and ordinary products, thereby increasing the firms＇ profits and improving the total environmental quality.
基金The authors acknowledge financial support from National Science Funds for Creative Research Groups of China(No.61421002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61501092,61734003,61521001,61861166001),Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials,Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid-State Lighting and Energy-Saving Electronics.
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)materials are intensively attractive for fabricating high sensitive photodetectors in terms of atomically thin flexible and ultrafast charge transport feature.Due to their atomically thin body,designing high performance detector requires new physical mechanisms and device structures.In this review,we classify design strategies and device structures into four categories depending on their physical mechanisms(photovoltaic effect,photoconductive effect,photothermoelectric effect or photobolometric effect,and surface plasma-wave-assisted effect),and summarize the device performances.Finally,future prospects and development direction for 2D material photodetectors are described.Those design strategies descriptions about photoelectronic detector provide a reference for high responsivity and fast response speed photodetector at broadband sensing in the future.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (60773054)National Basic Research Program of China (2003CCA02800)
文摘Today, parallel programming is dominated by message passing libraries, such as message passing interface （MPI）. This article intends to simplify parallel programming by generating parallel programs from parallelized algorithm design strategies. It uses skeletons to abstract parallelized algorithm design strategies, as well as parallel architectures. Starting from problem specification, an abstract parallel abstract programming language＋ （Apla＋） program is generated from parallelized algorithm design strategies and problem-specific function definitions. By combining with parallel architectures, implicity of parallelism inside the parallelized algorithm design strategies is exploited. With implementation and transformation, C＋＋ and parallel virtual machine （CPPVM） parallel program is finally generated. Parallelized branch and bound （B＆B） algorithm design strategy and paraUelized divide and conquer （D ＆ C） algorithm design strategy are studied in this article as examples. And it also illustrates the approach with a case study.
基金the National Research Foundation(NRF)Singapore for funding under NRF-CRP17-2017-01(R-284-000-165-281)for the research conducted at the National University of Singapore.
文摘MOFs are among the most popular precursors and templates for deriving various porous materials,where the derivatives can inherit a large surface area,abundant active sites for targeted functionalities and a high degree of porosity inherited from their parent MOFs.Those unique structural features make them promising candidates in multiple applications.More interestingly,the structure and properties of these MOF derivatives can be modulated by the choice of the parent MOFs and the design in the conversion process.In this overview,the transformation pathways from MOFs into their porous derivatives,the principles underlying these transformations,and the behavior of the MOF components in the transition process are discussed.Recently,there has been tremendous progress in preserving and enhancing the surface area,the amount of active sites and the level of porosity of the MOF-derived materials for targeted applications,from the perspectives of both customizing the parent MOFs and tailoring the transformation process.To develop the rationally designed MOF-derived materials and thus to elucidate the precursor-process-product correlations,some typical examples of the MOF derivatives applied in electrochemical energy storage and conversion,water treatment,gas sensing,and biomedicine are discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the key design strategies.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Council(CONACYT)of Mexico(Grant No.CB-2010-01-154430)PROMEP Program of the Public Education Secretariat(SEP)of MexicoFund for Research Support(FAI)of UASLP
文摘Although several research works in the literature have focused on studying the capabilities of additive manufacturing(AM) systems, few works have addressed the development of Design for Additive Manufacturing(DfAM) knowledge,tools, rules, and methodologies, which has limited the penetration and impact of AM in industry. In this paper a comprehensive review of design and manufacturing strategies for Fused Deposition Modelling(FDM) is presented.Consequently, several DfAM strategies are proposed and analysed based on existing research works and the operation principles, materials, capabilities and limitations of the FDM process. These strategies have been divided into four main groups: geometry, quality, materials and sustainability. The implementation and practicality of the proposed DfAM is illustrated by three case studies. The new proposed DfAM strategies are intended to assist designers and manufacturers when making decisions to satisfy functional needs, while ensuring manufacturability in FDM systems.Moreover, many of these strategies can be applied or extended to other AM processes besides FDM.
基金support from the “Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials”“Innovation Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai”support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22209103)
文摘Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are supposed to be one of the most potential next-generation batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and low cost.Nevertheless,the shuttle effect of firm multi-step two-electron reaction between sulfur and lithium in liquid electrolyte makes the capacity much smaller than the theoretical value.Many methods were proposed for inhibiting the shuttle effect of polysulfide,improving corresponding redox kinetics and enhancing the integral performance of Li–S batteries.Here,we will comprehensively and systematically summarize the strategies for inhibiting the shuttle effect from all components of Li–S batteries.First,the electrochemical principles/mechanism and origin of the shuttle effect are described in detail.Moreover,the efficient strategies,including boosting the sulfur conversion rate of sulfur,confining sulfur or lithium polysulfides(LPS)within cathode host,confining LPS in the shield layer,and preventing LPS from contacting the anode,will be discussed to suppress the shuttle effect.Then,recent advances in inhibition of shuttle effect in cathode,electrolyte,separator,and anode with the aforementioned strategies have been summarized to direct the further design of efficient materials for Li–S batteries.Finally,we present prospects for inhibition of the LPS shuttle and potential development directions in Li–S batteries.
