Audio signal separation is an open and challenging issue in the classical“Cocktail Party Problem”.Especially in a reverberation environment,the separation of mixed signals is more difficult separated due to the infl...Audio signal separation is an open and challenging issue in the classical“Cocktail Party Problem”.Especially in a reverberation environment,the separation of mixed signals is more difficult separated due to the influence of reverberation and echo.To solve the problem,we propose a determined reverberant blind source separation algorithm.The main innovation of the algorithm focuses on the estimation of the mixing matrix.A new cost function is built to obtain the accurate demixing matrix,which shows the gap between the prediction and the actual data.Then,the update rule of the demixing matrix is derived using Newton gradient descent method.The identity matrix is employed as the initial demixing matrix for avoiding local optima problem.Through the real-time iterative update of the demixing matrix,frequency-domain sources are obtained.Then,time-domain sources can be obtained using an inverse short-time Fourier transform.Experi-mental results based on a series of source separation of speech and music mixing signals demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves better separation performance than the state-of-the-art methods.In particular,it has much better superiority in the highly reverberant environment.展开更多
Objective This work is based on analysis on large numbers of coal data such as the latest national coal potential evaluation data and previous data published by REN Deyi,TANG Xiuyi and LU Xukun,and the evaluation meth...Objective This work is based on analysis on large numbers of coal data such as the latest national coal potential evaluation data and previous data published by REN Deyi,TANG Xiuyi and LU Xukun,and the evaluation methods of clean potential of coal resources proposed by predecessors.It is found that previous method rank coal is only in accordance with raw coal or washed coal,which fail展开更多
Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions(NDCs)to alleviate global warming in the Paris Agreement.However,the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly...Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions(NDCs)to alleviate global warming in the Paris Agreement.However,the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly considered in the countries’decision-making process.In this study,we evaluate the global temperature slowdown of the NDC scenario(ΔT=0.6°C)and attribute the global temperature slowdown to certain regions of the world with a compact earth system model.Considering reductions in CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,BC,and SO_(2),the R5OECD(the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1990)and R5ASIA(Asian countries)are the top two contributors to global warming mitigation,accounting for 39.3%and 36.8%,respectively.R5LAM(Latin America and the Caribbean)and R5MAF(the Middle East and Africa)followed behind,with contributions of 11.5%and 8.9%,respectively.The remaining 3.5%is attributed to R5REF(the Reforming Economies).Carbon Dioxide emission reduction is the decisive factor of regional contributions,but not the only one.Other greenhouse gases are also important,especially for R5MAF.The contribution of short-lived aerosols is small but significant,notably SO_(2)reduction in R5ASIA.We argue that additional species beyond CO_(2)need to be considered,including short-lived pollutants,when planning a route to mitigate climate change.It needs to be emphasized that there is still a gap to achieve the Paris Agreement 2-degree target with current NDC efforts,let alone the ambitious 1.5-degree target.All countries need to pursue stricter reduction policies for a more sustainable world.展开更多
Evidence for a mantle and/or basaltic component in KT boundary distal ejecta is apparently inconsistent with ejection from Chicxulub Crater since it is located on^35km thick continental crust(De Paolo et al.,1983;Mont...Evidence for a mantle and/or basaltic component in KT boundary distal ejecta is apparently inconsistent with ejection from Chicxulub Crater since it is located on^35km thick continental crust(De Paolo et al.,1983;Montanari et al.,1983;Hildebrand and Boynton,1988,1990).Evidence for mafic/ultramafic target rocks was reinforced by discovery of chromites,some with shock planar deformation features(PDF),in impact layer samples from sites in southern Colorado and eastern Wyoming(Bohor et al.,1990).However,until now it was unclear whether the chromites originated with an impactor or with terrestrial target rocks.To this end,high-precision 54Cr/52Cr isotope ratios were measured on KT boundary chromites along with known terrestrial chromites.We find a terrestrial 54Cr/52Cr ratio in KT boundary chromites from impact layer samples collected at the above sites over the last several years(Fig.1).Ejected terrestrial chromites suggest the impact sampled terrestrial mafic and/or ultramafic target rocks not known to exist in the Chicxulub target area.展开更多
We argue that the modification proposed by Li et al. [Chin. Phys. Lett. 32(2015) 050303] to the experiment of Danan et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111(2013) 240402] does not test the past of the photon as characterized by l...We argue that the modification proposed by Li et al. [Chin. Phys. Lett. 32(2015) 050303] to the experiment of Danan et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111(2013) 240402] does not test the past of the photon as characterized by local weak traces. Instead of answering the questions:(ⅰ) were the photons in A?(ⅱ) were the photons in B? and(ⅲ)were the photons in C? the proposed experiment measures a degenerate operator answering the questions:(ⅰ)were the photons in A? and(ⅱ) were the photons in B and C together? A negative answer to the last question does not tell us if photons were present in B or C. On the other hand, a simple variation of the proposal by Li et al. does provide conceptually better evidence for the past of the pre-and post-selected photon, but this evidence will be in agreement with the results of Danan et al.展开更多
Phonon sidebands in the electrolumiescence(EL) spectra of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well blue light emitting diodes are investigated. S-shaped injection current dependence of the energy spacing(ES) between the zero-p...Phonon sidebands in the electrolumiescence(EL) spectra of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well blue light emitting diodes are investigated. S-shaped injection current dependence of the energy spacing(ES) between the zero-phonon and first-order phonon-assisted luminescence lines is observed in a temperature range of 100–150 K.The S-shape is suppressed with increasing temperature from 100 to 150 K, and vanishes at temperature above200 K. The S-shaped injection dependence of ES at low temperatures could be explained by the three stages of carrier dynamics related to localization states:(i) carrier relaxation from shallow into deep localization states,(ii) band filling of shallow and deep localization states, and(iii) carrier overflow from deep to shallow localization states and to higher energy states. The three stages show strong temperature dependence. It is proposed that the fast change of the carrier lifetime with temperature is responsible for the suppression of S-shaped feature.The proposed mechanisms reveal carrier recombination dynamics in the EL of InGaN/GaN MQWs at various injection current densities and temperatures.展开更多
Comparing and evaluating the Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC) is an important element in global stocktake in the post-Paris climate negotiations, aimed at closing the emissions gap with the Paris Agreement goal...Comparing and evaluating the Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC) is an important element in global stocktake in the post-Paris climate negotiations, aimed at closing the emissions gap with the Paris Agreement goals. To date, however, there has still been no explicit guideline or method. By applying emissions allowance allocated by 16 schemes as benchmarks, this paper tries to compare and evaluate the NDCs of the top six emitters, which jointly account for about 70% of the world's CO_2 emissions. Results show that the four developed countries' NDCs lack ambition with respect to most allocations under 2℃ and all under 1.5℃, indicating they need to substantially ratchet up their NDCs and lead elevating mitigation. Evaluating cumulative emissions is more likely to clarify the ambition and fairness of China's NDC. If considering cumulative emissions, China's NDC is aligned with the median of cumulative allowances under 2℃ and within the 1.5℃ range. The Paris Agreement invited the Parties to communicate the mid-century low emissions strategies. This paper also tries to explore the mid-century mitigation in the perspective of allocations, which might provide decision-makers with some useful information when envisaging the post-NDC mitigation.展开更多
The machine translation of Japanese sentences with determiners,like“shika...nai”,“tyoutto...dakedeha”,“tada...dake”and so on,are more special and regular on sentences structure.The research collects and cl...The machine translation of Japanese sentences with determiners,like“shika...nai”,“tyoutto...dakedeha”,“tada...dake”and so on,are more special and regular on sentences structure.The research collects and classifies the Japanese sentences which contain the determiners.The classification is carried out by according to the characteristics of Japanese sentences and translation habit of Chinese sentences.Through further abstraction and simplification,translation templates are extracted by gathering grammar rules information,studying syntax and analysis the collocation mode of sentences.Those determiners express confirmed meaning,and the corresponding translation Chinese sentences have the same characteristic.By analyzing the sentence characteristics with determiners and formalizing the sentences structure,the translation templates are abstracted.By investigating the structure characteristic of original sentences with translation templates,the similarity algorithm was defined.The threshold value of the similarity calculation was obtained by preliminary experiments,and the experiments of Japanese-Chinese translation are carried out by a small corpus.The experimental results for several kinds of Japanese sentences with determiners show the translation accuracy rate is 68.6%,template coverage rate reach 83.3%.At last,through the analysis for the translation errors,following conclusion is drawn:the results of morphological analysis are erroneous,because the error of word segmentation the part of speech tagging also are erroneous,result in the grammar structure cannot match with templates;the original sentences are long and especially complex sentences;the templates are too complicated;the similarity calculation method needs to discuss further,and so on.展开更多
Water availability is a major constraint on grain production in China, therefore, improving irrigation efficiency is particularly important when agriculture faces extreme weather events. This paper first calculates ir...Water availability is a major constraint on grain production in China, therefore, improving irrigation efficiency is particularly important when agriculture faces extreme weather events. This paper first calculates irrigation efficiency with a translog stochastic frontier production function and then investigates what happens when extreme weather events occur via a Tobit model. The estimated results reveal several important features of irrigation practices: i) irrigation efficiency is lower when extreme weather events occur; ii) large variations in irrigation efficiency occur across irrigation facilities; iii) the farm plots exhibit an extreme distribution across efficiency levels; and iv) water-saving techniques, technology adoption, and the maintenance of farmers' economic resilience are major determinants of irrigation efficiency. Based on these results we propose the following recommendations: i) farmers should balance crop yield and water use; undertake relevant training programs and adopt water-saving techniques; ii) local governments and researchers should help farmers to find the optimal level of irrigation water use based on their own circumstances and provide better water-saving techniques and training programs rather than simply encouraging farmers to invest in irrigation facilities in the most extreme weather years; and iii) the income level of farm households should be increased so as to improve their resilience to natural disasters.展开更多
A new remote sensing method is described to determine the vertical distribution and total content of atmospheric ozone. The method combines surface infrared, satellite infrared and ultraviolet channels. The width of t...A new remote sensing method is described to determine the vertical distribution and total content of atmospheric ozone. The method combines surface infrared, satellite infrared and ultraviolet channels. The width of the infrared channels is 0.01 cm-1, less than Lorentz half-width at the earth’s surface, rather than the present width, because these channels can obtain information about variations in the ozone profile below the profile main-peak. The numerical experiments show that the method has a satisfactory precision in determining total ozone content, just about I percent error, and vertical distribution from the earth to 65 km space. In addition, some semi-analysis functions lor calculating backscattered ultraviolet and a relaxation equation are described in this paper.展开更多
The Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)broadcast radio signals are continuously at two or more frequencies in the L-band,and the multipath signals from sea surface recorded by off-the-shelf geodetic receivers ha...The Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)broadcast radio signals are continuously at two or more frequencies in the L-band,and the multipath signals from sea surface recorded by off-the-shelf geodetic receivers have been demonstrated they can be used to estimate sea level,using a technology called GNSS multipath reflectometry(GNSS-MR).Before proceeding to estimate reflection parameters,the azimuth range and elevation angle range are needed to be defined,as only with suitable azimuths and elevation angles the sensing zones can be guaranteed on water.So,this study presents an angle dependence analysis method to jointly select the azimuth range and elevation angle range based on wavelet analysis which can describe the nonstationary power of different sinusoidal oscillations changed with elevation angle.The key of this method is to use one grid model to screen the spectrum power of multipath oscillation on different elevation angles and azimuths in this work.Then the elevation angles and the azimuths can be determined by searching grids with greater power.The GPS and GLONASS data of two MultiGNSS Experiment(MGEX)stations named BRST and MAYG was analyzed and used to retrieve.Firstly,the angle dependence analysis was carried out to determine the elevation range and azimuth range.Secondly,the sea levels were retrieved from individual signals.Finally,the retrievals of individual signals are combined to form a 10-min sea level retrieval series.The RMSEs of the combined retrievals are both less than 15 cm.The results show the effectiveness of the selection of angle range based on the angle dependence analysis method.展开更多
基金This research was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52105268Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant 2022A1515011409+2 种基金Key Platforms and Major Scientific Research Projects of Universities in Guangdong under Grants 2019KTSCX161 and 2019KTSCX165Key Projects of Natural Science Research Projects of Shaoguan University under Grants SZ2020KJ02 and SZ2021KJ04the Science and Technology Program of Shaoguan City of China under Grants 2019sn056,200811094530423,200811094530805,and 200811094530811.
文摘Audio signal separation is an open and challenging issue in the classical“Cocktail Party Problem”.Especially in a reverberation environment,the separation of mixed signals is more difficult separated due to the influence of reverberation and echo.To solve the problem,we propose a determined reverberant blind source separation algorithm.The main innovation of the algorithm focuses on the estimation of the mixing matrix.A new cost function is built to obtain the accurate demixing matrix,which shows the gap between the prediction and the actual data.Then,the update rule of the demixing matrix is derived using Newton gradient descent method.The identity matrix is employed as the initial demixing matrix for avoiding local optima problem.Through the real-time iterative update of the demixing matrix,frequency-domain sources are obtained.Then,time-domain sources can be obtained using an inverse short-time Fourier transform.Experi-mental results based on a series of source separation of speech and music mixing signals demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves better separation performance than the state-of-the-art methods.In particular,it has much better superiority in the highly reverberant environment.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No.41572146/D0208)
文摘Objective This work is based on analysis on large numbers of coal data such as the latest national coal potential evaluation data and previous data published by REN Deyi,TANG Xiuyi and LU Xukun,and the evaluation methods of clean potential of coal resources proposed by predecessors.It is found that previous method rank coal is only in accordance with raw coal or washed coal,which fail
基金funded by the undergraduate student research training program of the Ministry of Education, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 41771495, 41830641, and 41988101)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program Grant 2019QZKK0208+1 种基金funded by the European Research Council Synergy project “Imbalance-P ” (Grant No. ERC-2013-Sy G-610028)the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation project “CONSTRAIN” (Grant No. 820829)
文摘Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions(NDCs)to alleviate global warming in the Paris Agreement.However,the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly considered in the countries’decision-making process.In this study,we evaluate the global temperature slowdown of the NDC scenario(ΔT=0.6°C)and attribute the global temperature slowdown to certain regions of the world with a compact earth system model.Considering reductions in CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,BC,and SO_(2),the R5OECD(the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1990)and R5ASIA(Asian countries)are the top two contributors to global warming mitigation,accounting for 39.3%and 36.8%,respectively.R5LAM(Latin America and the Caribbean)and R5MAF(the Middle East and Africa)followed behind,with contributions of 11.5%and 8.9%,respectively.The remaining 3.5%is attributed to R5REF(the Reforming Economies).Carbon Dioxide emission reduction is the decisive factor of regional contributions,but not the only one.Other greenhouse gases are also important,especially for R5MAF.The contribution of short-lived aerosols is small but significant,notably SO_(2)reduction in R5ASIA.We argue that additional species beyond CO_(2)need to be considered,including short-lived pollutants,when planning a route to mitigate climate change.It needs to be emphasized that there is still a gap to achieve the Paris Agreement 2-degree target with current NDC efforts,let alone the ambitious 1.5-degree target.All countries need to pursue stricter reduction policies for a more sustainable world.
文摘Evidence for a mantle and/or basaltic component in KT boundary distal ejecta is apparently inconsistent with ejection from Chicxulub Crater since it is located on^35km thick continental crust(De Paolo et al.,1983;Montanari et al.,1983;Hildebrand and Boynton,1988,1990).Evidence for mafic/ultramafic target rocks was reinforced by discovery of chromites,some with shock planar deformation features(PDF),in impact layer samples from sites in southern Colorado and eastern Wyoming(Bohor et al.,1990).However,until now it was unclear whether the chromites originated with an impactor or with terrestrial target rocks.To this end,high-precision 54Cr/52Cr isotope ratios were measured on KT boundary chromites along with known terrestrial chromites.We find a terrestrial 54Cr/52Cr ratio in KT boundary chromites from impact layer samples collected at the above sites over the last several years(Fig.1).Ejected terrestrial chromites suggest the impact sampled terrestrial mafic and/or ultramafic target rocks not known to exist in the Chicxulub target area.
基金Supported by the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development under Grant No I-1275-303.14
文摘We argue that the modification proposed by Li et al. [Chin. Phys. Lett. 32(2015) 050303] to the experiment of Danan et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111(2013) 240402] does not test the past of the photon as characterized by local weak traces. Instead of answering the questions:(ⅰ) were the photons in A?(ⅱ) were the photons in B? and(ⅲ)were the photons in C? the proposed experiment measures a degenerate operator answering the questions:(ⅰ)were the photons in A? and(ⅱ) were the photons in B and C together? A negative answer to the last question does not tell us if photons were present in B or C. On the other hand, a simple variation of the proposal by Li et al. does provide conceptually better evidence for the past of the pre-and post-selected photon, but this evidence will be in agreement with the results of Danan et al.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China under Grant No 11604137the Jiangxi Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project under Grant No 2015KY32the State Key Program of Research and Development of China under Grant Nos 2016YFB040060 and 2016YFB0400601
文摘Phonon sidebands in the electrolumiescence(EL) spectra of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well blue light emitting diodes are investigated. S-shaped injection current dependence of the energy spacing(ES) between the zero-phonon and first-order phonon-assisted luminescence lines is observed in a temperature range of 100–150 K.The S-shape is suppressed with increasing temperature from 100 to 150 K, and vanishes at temperature above200 K. The S-shaped injection dependence of ES at low temperatures could be explained by the three stages of carrier dynamics related to localization states:(i) carrier relaxation from shallow into deep localization states,(ii) band filling of shallow and deep localization states, and(iii) carrier overflow from deep to shallow localization states and to higher energy states. The three stages show strong temperature dependence. It is proposed that the fast change of the carrier lifetime with temperature is responsible for the suppression of S-shaped feature.The proposed mechanisms reveal carrier recombination dynamics in the EL of InGaN/GaN MQWs at various injection current densities and temperatures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Assessment,enhancement and impact of the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions in the context of the Paris Agreement"[Grant number:71703167]the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology "Carbon emissions reduction potentials and economic costs of major countries"[Grant number:2017YFA0605302]the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing "China's energy system transformation toward the 2℃goal:a perspective of carbon budgets"[Grant number:2462016YJRC023]
文摘Comparing and evaluating the Nationally Determined Contribution(NDC) is an important element in global stocktake in the post-Paris climate negotiations, aimed at closing the emissions gap with the Paris Agreement goals. To date, however, there has still been no explicit guideline or method. By applying emissions allowance allocated by 16 schemes as benchmarks, this paper tries to compare and evaluate the NDCs of the top six emitters, which jointly account for about 70% of the world's CO_2 emissions. Results show that the four developed countries' NDCs lack ambition with respect to most allocations under 2℃ and all under 1.5℃, indicating they need to substantially ratchet up their NDCs and lead elevating mitigation. Evaluating cumulative emissions is more likely to clarify the ambition and fairness of China's NDC. If considering cumulative emissions, China's NDC is aligned with the median of cumulative allowances under 2℃ and within the 1.5℃ range. The Paris Agreement invited the Parties to communicate the mid-century low emissions strategies. This paper also tries to explore the mid-century mitigation in the perspective of allocations, which might provide decision-makers with some useful information when envisaging the post-NDC mitigation.
文摘The machine translation of Japanese sentences with determiners,like“shika...nai”,“tyoutto...dakedeha”,“tada...dake”and so on,are more special and regular on sentences structure.The research collects and classifies the Japanese sentences which contain the determiners.The classification is carried out by according to the characteristics of Japanese sentences and translation habit of Chinese sentences.Through further abstraction and simplification,translation templates are extracted by gathering grammar rules information,studying syntax and analysis the collocation mode of sentences.Those determiners express confirmed meaning,and the corresponding translation Chinese sentences have the same characteristic.By analyzing the sentence characteristics with determiners and formalizing the sentences structure,the translation templates are abstracted.By investigating the structure characteristic of original sentences with translation templates,the similarity algorithm was defined.The threshold value of the similarity calculation was obtained by preliminary experiments,and the experiments of Japanese-Chinese translation are carried out by a small corpus.The experimental results for several kinds of Japanese sentences with determiners show the translation accuracy rate is 68.6%,template coverage rate reach 83.3%.At last,through the analysis for the translation errors,following conclusion is drawn:the results of morphological analysis are erroneous,because the error of word segmentation the part of speech tagging also are erroneous,result in the grammar structure cannot match with templates;the original sentences are long and especially complex sentences;the templates are too complicated;the similarity calculation method needs to discuss further,and so on.
基金supported by the State Social Science Funds of China (14BGL093)the Specialized Research Fund for the Jointed Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20124105110006)the International Development Research Center (107093-001)
文摘Water availability is a major constraint on grain production in China, therefore, improving irrigation efficiency is particularly important when agriculture faces extreme weather events. This paper first calculates irrigation efficiency with a translog stochastic frontier production function and then investigates what happens when extreme weather events occur via a Tobit model. The estimated results reveal several important features of irrigation practices: i) irrigation efficiency is lower when extreme weather events occur; ii) large variations in irrigation efficiency occur across irrigation facilities; iii) the farm plots exhibit an extreme distribution across efficiency levels; and iv) water-saving techniques, technology adoption, and the maintenance of farmers' economic resilience are major determinants of irrigation efficiency. Based on these results we propose the following recommendations: i) farmers should balance crop yield and water use; undertake relevant training programs and adopt water-saving techniques; ii) local governments and researchers should help farmers to find the optimal level of irrigation water use based on their own circumstances and provide better water-saving techniques and training programs rather than simply encouraging farmers to invest in irrigation facilities in the most extreme weather years; and iii) the income level of farm households should be increased so as to improve their resilience to natural disasters.
文摘A new remote sensing method is described to determine the vertical distribution and total content of atmospheric ozone. The method combines surface infrared, satellite infrared and ultraviolet channels. The width of the infrared channels is 0.01 cm-1, less than Lorentz half-width at the earth’s surface, rather than the present width, because these channels can obtain information about variations in the ozone profile below the profile main-peak. The numerical experiments show that the method has a satisfactory precision in determining total ozone content, just about I percent error, and vertical distribution from the earth to 65 km space. In addition, some semi-analysis functions lor calculating backscattered ultraviolet and a relaxation equation are described in this paper.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42004018,41830110)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190496)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.B200202015)。
文摘The Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)broadcast radio signals are continuously at two or more frequencies in the L-band,and the multipath signals from sea surface recorded by off-the-shelf geodetic receivers have been demonstrated they can be used to estimate sea level,using a technology called GNSS multipath reflectometry(GNSS-MR).Before proceeding to estimate reflection parameters,the azimuth range and elevation angle range are needed to be defined,as only with suitable azimuths and elevation angles the sensing zones can be guaranteed on water.So,this study presents an angle dependence analysis method to jointly select the azimuth range and elevation angle range based on wavelet analysis which can describe the nonstationary power of different sinusoidal oscillations changed with elevation angle.The key of this method is to use one grid model to screen the spectrum power of multipath oscillation on different elevation angles and azimuths in this work.Then the elevation angles and the azimuths can be determined by searching grids with greater power.The GPS and GLONASS data of two MultiGNSS Experiment(MGEX)stations named BRST and MAYG was analyzed and used to retrieve.Firstly,the angle dependence analysis was carried out to determine the elevation range and azimuth range.Secondly,the sea levels were retrieved from individual signals.Finally,the retrievals of individual signals are combined to form a 10-min sea level retrieval series.The RMSEs of the combined retrievals are both less than 15 cm.The results show the effectiveness of the selection of angle range based on the angle dependence analysis method.
