Objective: To determine the epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of urinary in northern Benin from 2018 to 2023. Patients and Method: The study was an observational and descriptive one. We exhaustively ...Objective: To determine the epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of urinary in northern Benin from 2018 to 2023. Patients and Method: The study was an observational and descriptive one. We exhaustively and retrospectively collected data from the medical records of the patients that were managed from February 1, 2018 to February 1, 2023 at the Department of Surgery of “Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départmental Borgou-Alibori or CHUD-BA”. Results: Among the 4522 patients managed, 75% or 1.7% had urinary stone disease. Their mean age was 41 years. The sex ratio was 2.75, the males being predominantly affected. Of the 75 cases of urinary stone disease, 30.7% (n = 23) were renal, 46.7% (n = 35) were ureteral, and 22.7% (n = 17) were vesical. The patients came from variable geographical areas, ethnic groups, and professional sectors. Their main complaints were pain (57.3%), hematuria (14.7%), dysuria (12%), and fever (5.3%). 15 (20%) patients, i.e., 7 renal stone and 8 ureteral stone patients, had an obstructive renal failure. The imaging tools available were ultrasonography, tomography and computed tomographic scan. 11 of the bladder stone cases (64.7%) were associated with a bladder outlet obstruction. Overall, 38.7% of the patients had either diabetes mellitus (6.7%), hypertension or high blood pressure (6.7%), benign prostate hyperplasia (8%), urinary schistosomiasis (6.7%), ureteral pelvic junction obstruction (2.7%), and prostate cancer (1.3%). Of the 19 patients whose dietary behavior was investigated 15 (79%), 11 (57.9%) et 11 (57.9%) demonstrated a diet which was respectively rich in milk, fromage and meat. 100% of bladder stones were removed through cystolithotomy. Renal stones were removed by pyelolithtomy (52.2%) and nephrolithotomy (21.7%). Ureteral stones were removed through ureterolithotomy (40%), expelled by means of alpha-blockers (40%) or managed with ureteral pigtail stent (20%). Conclusion: The hospital prevalence of urinary stone disease was 1.7%. The mean age in urinary stone-affected patients was 41 years. The urinary stone predominantly affected male patients: the sex ratio was 2.75. The stones were mainly removed through open surgery.展开更多
Cardioembolic stroke,referred to as cardiogenic stroke,is a clinical syndrome in which emboli from the heart pass through the circulatory system and cause cerebral artery embolism and corresponding brain dysfunction.C...Cardioembolic stroke,referred to as cardiogenic stroke,is a clinical syndrome in which emboli from the heart pass through the circulatory system and cause cerebral artery embolism and corresponding brain dysfunction.Compared to other subtypes of ischemic stroke,cardiogenic stroke presents with more etiologies,greater severity,worse prognosis,and a higher recurrence rate.In this minireview,we provide new insights into the etiological classification,diagnostic methods,and interventions of cardiogenic stroke.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is characterized by primary damage to the brain from the external mechanical force and by subsequent secondary injury due to various molecular and pathophysiological responses that eventual...Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is characterized by primary damage to the brain from the external mechanical force and by subsequent secondary injury due to various molecular and pathophysiological responses that eventually lead to neuronal cell death. Secondary brain injury events may occur minutes, hours, or even days after the trauma, and provide valuable therapeutic targets to prevent further neuronal degeneration. At the present time, there is no effective treatment for TBI due, in part, to the widespread impact of numerous complex secondary biochemical and pathophysiological events occurring at different time points following the initial injury. Micro RNAs control a range of physiological and pathological functions such as development, differentiation, apoptosis and metabolism, and may serve as potential targets for progress assessment and intervention against TBI to mitigate secondary damage to the brain. This has implications regarding improving the diagnostic accuracy of brain impairment and long-term outcomes as well as potential novel treatments. Recent human studies have identified specific micro RNAs in serum/plasma(mi R-425-p,-21,-93,-191 and-499) and cerebro-spinal fluid(CSF)(mi R-328,-362-3 p,-451,-486 a) as possible indicators of the diagnosis, severity, and prognosis of TBI. Experimental animal studies have examined specific micro RNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for moderate and mild TBI(e.g., mi R-21, mi R-23 b). Micro RNA profiling was altered by voluntary exercise. Differences in basal micro RNA expression in the brain of adult and aged animals and alterations in response to TBI(e.g., mi R-21) have also been reported. Further large-scale studies with TBI patients are needed to provide more information on the changes in micro RNA profiles in different age groups(children, adults, and elderly).展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC) is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and ranks second in global cancer mortality statistics. Perioperative chemotherapy plays an important role in the management and treatment of advanced stag...Gastric cancer(GC) is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and ranks second in global cancer mortality statistics. Perioperative chemotherapy plays an important role in the management and treatment of advanced stage disease. However,response to chemotherapy varies widely,with some patients presenting no or only minor response to treatment. Hence,chemotherapy resistance is a major clinical problem that impacts on outcome. Unfortunately,to date there are no reliable biomarkers available that predict response to chemotherapy before the start of the treatment,or that allow modification of chemotherapy resistance. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) could provide an answer to this problem. miRNAs are involved in the initiation and progression of a variety of cancer types,and there is evidence that miRNAs impact on resistance towards chemotherapeutic drugs as well. This current review aims to provide an overview about the potential clinical applicability of miRNAs as biomarkers for chemoresistance in GC.The authors focus in this context on the potential of miRNAs to predict sensitivity towards different chemotherapeutics,and on the potential of miRNAs to modulate sensitivity and resistance towards chemotherapy in GC.展开更多
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and largely unknown. Until recently, research has focused on the study of protein regulators in inflammation to reveal the cellular and molecular network...The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and largely unknown. Until recently, research has focused on the study of protein regulators in inflammation to reveal the cellular and molecular networks in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, in the last few years, new and promising insights have been generated from studies describing an association between an altered expression of a specific class of non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRs or miRNAs) and IBD. The short (approximately 22 nucleotides), endogenous, single-stranded RNAs are evolutionary conserved inanimals and plants, and regulate specific target mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs are involved in several biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, it is estimated that miRNAs may be responsible for regulating the expression of nearly one-third of the genes in the human genome. Thus, miRNA deregulation often results in an impaired cellular function, and a disturbance of downstream gene regulation and signaling cascades, suggesting their implication in disease etiology. Despite the identification of more than 1900 mature human miRNAs, very little is known about their biological functions and functional targets. Recent studies have identified dysregulated miRNAs in tissue samples of IBD patients and have demonstrated similar differences in circulating miRNAs in the serum of IBD patients. Thus, there is great promise that miRNAs will aid in the early diagnosis of IBD, and in the development of personalized therapies. Here, we provide a short review of the current state-of-the-art of miRNAs in IBD pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics.展开更多
Mesenteric ischemia(MI) is an uncommon medical condition with high mortality rates. ΜΙ includes inadequate blood supply, inflammatory injury and eventually necrosis of the bowel wall. The disease can be divided into...Mesenteric ischemia(MI) is an uncommon medical condition with high mortality rates. ΜΙ includes inadequate blood supply, inflammatory injury and eventually necrosis of the bowel wall. The disease can be divided into acute and chronic MI(CMI), with the first being subdivided into four categories. Therefore, acute MI(AMI) can occur as a result of arterial embolism, arterial thrombosis, mesenteric venous thrombosis and nonocclusive causes. Bowel damage is in proportion to the mesenteric blood flow decrease and may vary from minimum lesions, due to reversible ischemia, to transmural injury, with subsequent necrosis and perforation. CMI is associated to diffuse atherosclerotic disease in more than 95% of cases, with all major mesenteric arteries presenting stenosis or occlusion. Because of a lack of specific signs or due to its sometime quiet presentation, this condition is frequently diagnosed only at an advanced stage. Computed tomography(CT) imaging and CT angiography contribute to differential diagnosis and management of AMI. Angiography is also the criterion standard for CMI, with mesenteric duplex ultrasonography and magnetic resonance angiography also being of great importance. Therapeutic approach of MI includes both medical and surgical treatment. Surgical procedures include restoration of the blood flow with arteriotomy, endarterectomy or anterograde bypass, while resection of necrotic bowel is always implemented. The aim of this review was to evaluate the results of surgical treatment for MI and to present the recent literature in order to provide an update on the current concepts of surgical management of the disease. Mesh words selected include MI, diagnostic approach and therapeutic management.展开更多
Ebola virus disease(EVD)is associated with haemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates,with a high rate of fatality(up to 90%).Some outbreaks in human history have proven the lethality of EVD.The recent epidemi...Ebola virus disease(EVD)is associated with haemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates,with a high rate of fatality(up to 90%).Some outbreaks in human history have proven the lethality of EVD.The recent epidemic of 2014 and 2015 in West Africa was the deadliest of all time(11 284 deaths).To understand the transmission dynamics,we have reviewed the epidemiology of EVD to date.The absence of any licensed vaccines or approved drugs against Ebola virus(EBOV)further highlights the severity and crisis level of EVD.Some organizations(public and private)are making considerable efforts to develop novel therapeutic approaches or vaccines to contain the outbreak of EBOV shortly.Here,we summarized the various potential drugs and vaccines(undergoing multiple phases of clinical trials)that have arisen as an alternative against EBOV,and we highlighted the numerous issues and limitations hindering this process.Alternatively,an increasing focus on strengthening the medical and civic health structure could provide speedy benefits in containing the spread of EVD,as well as offer a resilient foundation for the deployment of novel drugs and vaccines to the affected countries,once such drugs and vaccines become available.展开更多
The results of diagnostics of spectral, temporal and energy characteristics of the radiation of gas-discharge plasma in a mixture of mercury diiodide vapor with helium in the spectral range of 350 - 900 nm, and the pl...The results of diagnostics of spectral, temporal and energy characteristics of the radiation of gas-discharge plasma in a mixture of mercury diiodide vapor with helium in the spectral range of 350 - 900 nm, and the plasma parameters in the range of reduced electric field E/N = 1 - 100 Td are presented. The plasma is created in the barrier discharge device with a cylindrical aperture. The electrodes are placed 0.2 m in length at a distance of 0.015 m. The amplitude of the pump pulse, the duration and frequency were 20 - 30 kV, 150 ns and 1 - 20 kHz, respectively. Radiation in the visible region of the spectrum of mercury monoiodide exciplex molecule is revealed. Regu larities in the optical characteristics of the plasma, depending on the partial pressures of the components of the mixture, the electron energy distribution function, mean electron energy, specific losses of discharge power on the process of dissociative excitation of mercury monoiodide (state B2Σ+1/2) molecules as well as the rate constant of dissociative excitation of mercury monoiodide molecules in working mixture depending on the given reduced electric field are established.展开更多
BACKGROUND Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)is one of the diagnostic standards for primary liver cancer(PLC);however,AFP exhibits insufficient sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PLC.AIM To evaluate the effects of high-ri...BACKGROUND Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)is one of the diagnostic standards for primary liver cancer(PLC);however,AFP exhibits insufficient sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PLC.AIM To evaluate the effects of high-risk factors and the diagnostic value of AFP in stratified PLC.METHODS In total,289 PLC cases from 2013 to 2019 were selected for analysis.First,the contributions of high-risk factors in stratifying PLC were compared according to the following criteria:Child–Pugh score,clinical stage of liver cirrhosis,tumor size,and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)stage.Then,the diagnostic value of AFP was evaluated in different stratifications of PLC by receiver operating characteristic curves.For PLC cases in which AFP played little role,the diagnostic values of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9),gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT),and AFP were analyzed.RESULTS The roles of high-risk factors differed in stratified PLC.The incidence of smoking and drinking history was higher in PLC with Child–Pugh scores of C(P<0.0167).The hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection rate in PLC with cirrhosis was more than in PLC without cirrhosis(P<0.0167).Small tumors were more prone to cirrhosis than large tumors(P<0.005).BCLC stage D PLC was more likely to be associated with HBV infection and cirrhosis(P<0.0083).AFP levels were higher in PLC with cirrhosis,diffuse tumors,and BCLC stage D disease.In diagnosing PLC defined as Child–Pugh A,B,and C,massive hepatoma,diffuse hepatoma,BCLC stage B,C,and D,and AFP showed significant diagnostic value[all area under the curve(AUC)>0.700].However,these measures were meaningless(AUC<0.600)in small hepatomas and BCLC A stage PLC,but could be replaced by the combined detection of CEA,CA 19-9,GGT,and AFP(AUC=0.810 and 0.846,respectively).CONCLUSION Stratification of PLC was essential for precise diagnoses and benefited from evaluating AFP levels.展开更多
Introduction: Male breast cancer is rare;representing 1% of breast cancers and less than 1% of all male neoplasia worldwide. We here analyzed the clinical, histological, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of m...Introduction: Male breast cancer is rare;representing 1% of breast cancers and less than 1% of all male neoplasia worldwide. We here analyzed the clinical, histological, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of male breast cancer in Bamako, Mali. Patients and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 14 male patients with breast cancer who visited two university hospitals in Bamako (Hospital Gabriel TOURE and Hospital du Point G) in Mali, from January 2005 to December 2018. Results: Male breast cancer represented 0.63% of all breast cancers and 0.23% of all male cancers. The following was observed: the mean age of 53 years (range: 23 - 82);a family history of cancer in 2;breast pain in 9;the average time to consultation of 8 years (6 - 24);gynecomastia found in 1;the tumor palpable in all 14 (size of 5 cm [3 - 10]);ulceration in 5. The most common histological type was non-specific infiltrating carcinoma with 92.8%. SBR II grade was found in 78.5% of cases. Of 8 patients with immunohistochemistry, hormone receptor positive was in 13 and Her2 positive was in 5. Metastases were found in 4, 2 pulmonary and 2 hepatic. Treatment: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 21.4%;radical surgery in 13 cases;surgery + radiotherapy in 2;surgery + hormonal therapy in 4. After an average follow-up of 36 months, 1 patient developed a lung metastasis and another patient had a lymph node recurrence. Conclusion: Male breast cancer was detected at relatively later stages. Physicians must be aware of this condition.展开更多
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers, primarily due to its late diagnosis, high propensity to metastasis, and the development of resistance to chemo-/radiotherapy. Accum...Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers, primarily due to its late diagnosis, high propensity to metastasis, and the development of resistance to chemo-/radiotherapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are intimately involved in the treatment resistance of pancreatic cancer cells via interacting with critical signaling pathways and may serve as potential diagnostic/prognostic markers or therapeutic targets in PDAC. Data sources: We carried out a systematic review on lnc RNAs-based research in the context of pancreatic cancer and presented an overview of the updated information regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying lnc RNAs-modulated pancreatic cancer progression and drug resistance, together with their potential value in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of PDAC. Literature mining was performed in Pub Med with the following keywords: long non-coding RNA, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer up to January 2022. Publications relevant to the roles of lnc RNAs in diagnosis, prognosis, drug resistance, and therapy of PDAC were collected and systematically reviewed. Results: Lnc RNAs, such as HOTAIR, HOTTIP, and PVT1, play essential roles in regulating pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance, thus may serve as potential diagnostic/prognostic markers or therapeutic targets in PDAC. They participate in tumorigenesis mainly by targeting mi RNAs, interacting with signaling molecules, and involving in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Conclusions: The functional lnc RNAs play essential roles in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance and have potential values in diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and treatment of PDAC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a malignant tumor of the hepatobiliary system with concealed onset,strong invasiveness and poor prognosis.AIM To explore the disease characteristic genes that may be h...BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a malignant tumor of the hepatobiliary system with concealed onset,strong invasiveness and poor prognosis.AIM To explore the disease characteristic genes that may be helpful in the diagnosis of ICC and affect immune cell infiltration.METHODS We downloaded two ICC-related human gene expression profiles from GEO database as the training group(GSE26566 and GSE32958 datasets)for difference analysis,and performed enrichment analysis on differential genes.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),support vector machinerecursive feature elimination(SVM-RFE)and random forest(RF),three machine learning algorithms,were used to screen the characteristic genes.Double verification was carried out on GSE107943 and The Cancer Genome Atlas,two verification groups.Receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of genes for ICC.CIBERSORT and ssGSEA algorithms were used to evaluate the effect of characteristic genes on immune infiltration pattern.Human Protein Atlas(HPA)was used to analyze the protein expression level of the target gene.RESULTS A total of 1091 differential genes were obtained in the training group.Enrichment analysis showed that the above genes were mainly enriched in small molecular catabolism,complement and coagulation cascade,bile secretion and other functions and pathways.Twentyfive characteristic genes were screened by LASSO regression,19 by SVM-RFE algorithm,and 30 by RF algorithm.Three algorithms were used in combination to determine the characteristic gene of ICC:MMP14.The verification group confirmed that the genes had a high diagnostic accuracy(AUC values of the training group and the verification group were 0.960,0.999,and 0.977,respectively).Comprehensive analysis of immune infiltration showed that MMP14 could affect the infiltration of monocytes,activated memory CD4 T cells,resting memory CD4 T cells,and other immune cells,and was closely related to the expression of CD200,cytotoxic T-lymphocyteassociated antigen 4,CD14,CD44,and other immune checkpoints.The results of immunohistochemistry in HPA database showed was indeed overexpressed in ICC.CONCLUSION MMP14 can be used as a disease characteristic gene of ICC,and may regulate the distribution of immune-infiltrating cells in the ICC tumor microenvironment,which provides a new method for the determination of ICC diagnostic markers and screening of therapeutic targets.展开更多
文摘Objective: To determine the epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of urinary in northern Benin from 2018 to 2023. Patients and Method: The study was an observational and descriptive one. We exhaustively and retrospectively collected data from the medical records of the patients that were managed from February 1, 2018 to February 1, 2023 at the Department of Surgery of “Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départmental Borgou-Alibori or CHUD-BA”. Results: Among the 4522 patients managed, 75% or 1.7% had urinary stone disease. Their mean age was 41 years. The sex ratio was 2.75, the males being predominantly affected. Of the 75 cases of urinary stone disease, 30.7% (n = 23) were renal, 46.7% (n = 35) were ureteral, and 22.7% (n = 17) were vesical. The patients came from variable geographical areas, ethnic groups, and professional sectors. Their main complaints were pain (57.3%), hematuria (14.7%), dysuria (12%), and fever (5.3%). 15 (20%) patients, i.e., 7 renal stone and 8 ureteral stone patients, had an obstructive renal failure. The imaging tools available were ultrasonography, tomography and computed tomographic scan. 11 of the bladder stone cases (64.7%) were associated with a bladder outlet obstruction. Overall, 38.7% of the patients had either diabetes mellitus (6.7%), hypertension or high blood pressure (6.7%), benign prostate hyperplasia (8%), urinary schistosomiasis (6.7%), ureteral pelvic junction obstruction (2.7%), and prostate cancer (1.3%). Of the 19 patients whose dietary behavior was investigated 15 (79%), 11 (57.9%) et 11 (57.9%) demonstrated a diet which was respectively rich in milk, fromage and meat. 100% of bladder stones were removed through cystolithotomy. Renal stones were removed by pyelolithtomy (52.2%) and nephrolithotomy (21.7%). Ureteral stones were removed through ureterolithotomy (40%), expelled by means of alpha-blockers (40%) or managed with ureteral pigtail stent (20%). Conclusion: The hospital prevalence of urinary stone disease was 1.7%. The mean age in urinary stone-affected patients was 41 years. The urinary stone predominantly affected male patients: the sex ratio was 2.75. The stones were mainly removed through open surgery.
文摘Cardioembolic stroke,referred to as cardiogenic stroke,is a clinical syndrome in which emboli from the heart pass through the circulatory system and cause cerebral artery embolism and corresponding brain dysfunction.Compared to other subtypes of ischemic stroke,cardiogenic stroke presents with more etiologies,greater severity,worse prognosis,and a higher recurrence rate.In this minireview,we provide new insights into the etiological classification,diagnostic methods,and interventions of cardiogenic stroke.
文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is characterized by primary damage to the brain from the external mechanical force and by subsequent secondary injury due to various molecular and pathophysiological responses that eventually lead to neuronal cell death. Secondary brain injury events may occur minutes, hours, or even days after the trauma, and provide valuable therapeutic targets to prevent further neuronal degeneration. At the present time, there is no effective treatment for TBI due, in part, to the widespread impact of numerous complex secondary biochemical and pathophysiological events occurring at different time points following the initial injury. Micro RNAs control a range of physiological and pathological functions such as development, differentiation, apoptosis and metabolism, and may serve as potential targets for progress assessment and intervention against TBI to mitigate secondary damage to the brain. This has implications regarding improving the diagnostic accuracy of brain impairment and long-term outcomes as well as potential novel treatments. Recent human studies have identified specific micro RNAs in serum/plasma(mi R-425-p,-21,-93,-191 and-499) and cerebro-spinal fluid(CSF)(mi R-328,-362-3 p,-451,-486 a) as possible indicators of the diagnosis, severity, and prognosis of TBI. Experimental animal studies have examined specific micro RNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for moderate and mild TBI(e.g., mi R-21, mi R-23 b). Micro RNA profiling was altered by voluntary exercise. Differences in basal micro RNA expression in the brain of adult and aged animals and alterations in response to TBI(e.g., mi R-21) have also been reported. Further large-scale studies with TBI patients are needed to provide more information on the changes in micro RNA profiles in different age groups(children, adults, and elderly).
文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and ranks second in global cancer mortality statistics. Perioperative chemotherapy plays an important role in the management and treatment of advanced stage disease. However,response to chemotherapy varies widely,with some patients presenting no or only minor response to treatment. Hence,chemotherapy resistance is a major clinical problem that impacts on outcome. Unfortunately,to date there are no reliable biomarkers available that predict response to chemotherapy before the start of the treatment,or that allow modification of chemotherapy resistance. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) could provide an answer to this problem. miRNAs are involved in the initiation and progression of a variety of cancer types,and there is evidence that miRNAs impact on resistance towards chemotherapeutic drugs as well. This current review aims to provide an overview about the potential clinical applicability of miRNAs as biomarkers for chemoresistance in GC.The authors focus in this context on the potential of miRNAs to predict sensitivity towards different chemotherapeutics,and on the potential of miRNAs to modulate sensitivity and resistance towards chemotherapy in GC.
基金Supported by Grants from Fonden til Lgevidenskabens Fremme(the AP Mller Foundation)the Family Erichsen Memorial Foundation+2 种基金the Lundbeck Foundationthe Axel Muusfeldts Foundationthe Foundation of Aase and Ejnar Danielsen
文摘The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and largely unknown. Until recently, research has focused on the study of protein regulators in inflammation to reveal the cellular and molecular networks in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, in the last few years, new and promising insights have been generated from studies describing an association between an altered expression of a specific class of non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRs or miRNAs) and IBD. The short (approximately 22 nucleotides), endogenous, single-stranded RNAs are evolutionary conserved inanimals and plants, and regulate specific target mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs are involved in several biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, it is estimated that miRNAs may be responsible for regulating the expression of nearly one-third of the genes in the human genome. Thus, miRNA deregulation often results in an impaired cellular function, and a disturbance of downstream gene regulation and signaling cascades, suggesting their implication in disease etiology. Despite the identification of more than 1900 mature human miRNAs, very little is known about their biological functions and functional targets. Recent studies have identified dysregulated miRNAs in tissue samples of IBD patients and have demonstrated similar differences in circulating miRNAs in the serum of IBD patients. Thus, there is great promise that miRNAs will aid in the early diagnosis of IBD, and in the development of personalized therapies. Here, we provide a short review of the current state-of-the-art of miRNAs in IBD pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics.
文摘Mesenteric ischemia(MI) is an uncommon medical condition with high mortality rates. ΜΙ includes inadequate blood supply, inflammatory injury and eventually necrosis of the bowel wall. The disease can be divided into acute and chronic MI(CMI), with the first being subdivided into four categories. Therefore, acute MI(AMI) can occur as a result of arterial embolism, arterial thrombosis, mesenteric venous thrombosis and nonocclusive causes. Bowel damage is in proportion to the mesenteric blood flow decrease and may vary from minimum lesions, due to reversible ischemia, to transmural injury, with subsequent necrosis and perforation. CMI is associated to diffuse atherosclerotic disease in more than 95% of cases, with all major mesenteric arteries presenting stenosis or occlusion. Because of a lack of specific signs or due to its sometime quiet presentation, this condition is frequently diagnosed only at an advanced stage. Computed tomography(CT) imaging and CT angiography contribute to differential diagnosis and management of AMI. Angiography is also the criterion standard for CMI, with mesenteric duplex ultrasonography and magnetic resonance angiography also being of great importance. Therapeutic approach of MI includes both medical and surgical treatment. Surgical procedures include restoration of the blood flow with arteriotomy, endarterectomy or anterograde bypass, while resection of necrotic bowel is always implemented. The aim of this review was to evaluate the results of surgical treatment for MI and to present the recent literature in order to provide an update on the current concepts of surgical management of the disease. Mesh words selected include MI, diagnostic approach and therapeutic management.
基金supported by Hallym University Research FundBasic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2017R1A2B4012944)
文摘Ebola virus disease(EVD)is associated with haemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates,with a high rate of fatality(up to 90%).Some outbreaks in human history have proven the lethality of EVD.The recent epidemic of 2014 and 2015 in West Africa was the deadliest of all time(11 284 deaths).To understand the transmission dynamics,we have reviewed the epidemiology of EVD to date.The absence of any licensed vaccines or approved drugs against Ebola virus(EBOV)further highlights the severity and crisis level of EVD.Some organizations(public and private)are making considerable efforts to develop novel therapeutic approaches or vaccines to contain the outbreak of EBOV shortly.Here,we summarized the various potential drugs and vaccines(undergoing multiple phases of clinical trials)that have arisen as an alternative against EBOV,and we highlighted the numerous issues and limitations hindering this process.Alternatively,an increasing focus on strengthening the medical and civic health structure could provide speedy benefits in containing the spread of EVD,as well as offer a resilient foundation for the deployment of novel drugs and vaccines to the affected countries,once such drugs and vaccines become available.
文摘The results of diagnostics of spectral, temporal and energy characteristics of the radiation of gas-discharge plasma in a mixture of mercury diiodide vapor with helium in the spectral range of 350 - 900 nm, and the plasma parameters in the range of reduced electric field E/N = 1 - 100 Td are presented. The plasma is created in the barrier discharge device with a cylindrical aperture. The electrodes are placed 0.2 m in length at a distance of 0.015 m. The amplitude of the pump pulse, the duration and frequency were 20 - 30 kV, 150 ns and 1 - 20 kHz, respectively. Radiation in the visible region of the spectrum of mercury monoiodide exciplex molecule is revealed. Regu larities in the optical characteristics of the plasma, depending on the partial pressures of the components of the mixture, the electron energy distribution function, mean electron energy, specific losses of discharge power on the process of dissociative excitation of mercury monoiodide (state B2Σ+1/2) molecules as well as the rate constant of dissociative excitation of mercury monoiodide molecules in working mixture depending on the given reduced electric field are established.
基金Supported by High-End Talent Funding Project in Hebei Province,No.A202003005Hebei Provincial Health Commission Office,No.G2019074+1 种基金Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education Institutions(ZD2018090)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.H2019209355。
文摘BACKGROUND Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)is one of the diagnostic standards for primary liver cancer(PLC);however,AFP exhibits insufficient sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PLC.AIM To evaluate the effects of high-risk factors and the diagnostic value of AFP in stratified PLC.METHODS In total,289 PLC cases from 2013 to 2019 were selected for analysis.First,the contributions of high-risk factors in stratifying PLC were compared according to the following criteria:Child–Pugh score,clinical stage of liver cirrhosis,tumor size,and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)stage.Then,the diagnostic value of AFP was evaluated in different stratifications of PLC by receiver operating characteristic curves.For PLC cases in which AFP played little role,the diagnostic values of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9),gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT),and AFP were analyzed.RESULTS The roles of high-risk factors differed in stratified PLC.The incidence of smoking and drinking history was higher in PLC with Child–Pugh scores of C(P<0.0167).The hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection rate in PLC with cirrhosis was more than in PLC without cirrhosis(P<0.0167).Small tumors were more prone to cirrhosis than large tumors(P<0.005).BCLC stage D PLC was more likely to be associated with HBV infection and cirrhosis(P<0.0083).AFP levels were higher in PLC with cirrhosis,diffuse tumors,and BCLC stage D disease.In diagnosing PLC defined as Child–Pugh A,B,and C,massive hepatoma,diffuse hepatoma,BCLC stage B,C,and D,and AFP showed significant diagnostic value[all area under the curve(AUC)>0.700].However,these measures were meaningless(AUC<0.600)in small hepatomas and BCLC A stage PLC,but could be replaced by the combined detection of CEA,CA 19-9,GGT,and AFP(AUC=0.810 and 0.846,respectively).CONCLUSION Stratification of PLC was essential for precise diagnoses and benefited from evaluating AFP levels.
文摘Introduction: Male breast cancer is rare;representing 1% of breast cancers and less than 1% of all male neoplasia worldwide. We here analyzed the clinical, histological, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of male breast cancer in Bamako, Mali. Patients and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 14 male patients with breast cancer who visited two university hospitals in Bamako (Hospital Gabriel TOURE and Hospital du Point G) in Mali, from January 2005 to December 2018. Results: Male breast cancer represented 0.63% of all breast cancers and 0.23% of all male cancers. The following was observed: the mean age of 53 years (range: 23 - 82);a family history of cancer in 2;breast pain in 9;the average time to consultation of 8 years (6 - 24);gynecomastia found in 1;the tumor palpable in all 14 (size of 5 cm [3 - 10]);ulceration in 5. The most common histological type was non-specific infiltrating carcinoma with 92.8%. SBR II grade was found in 78.5% of cases. Of 8 patients with immunohistochemistry, hormone receptor positive was in 13 and Her2 positive was in 5. Metastases were found in 4, 2 pulmonary and 2 hepatic. Treatment: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 21.4%;radical surgery in 13 cases;surgery + radiotherapy in 2;surgery + hormonal therapy in 4. After an average follow-up of 36 months, 1 patient developed a lung metastasis and another patient had a lymph node recurrence. Conclusion: Male breast cancer was detected at relatively later stages. Physicians must be aware of this condition.
基金supported by grants from the Scientific Research Fund of National Health Commission of China-Key Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province (WKJ-ZJ-2201)the Key Project of Social Welfare Program of Zhejiang Science and Technology Department,“Lingyan” Program (2022C03099)。
文摘Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers, primarily due to its late diagnosis, high propensity to metastasis, and the development of resistance to chemo-/radiotherapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are intimately involved in the treatment resistance of pancreatic cancer cells via interacting with critical signaling pathways and may serve as potential diagnostic/prognostic markers or therapeutic targets in PDAC. Data sources: We carried out a systematic review on lnc RNAs-based research in the context of pancreatic cancer and presented an overview of the updated information regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying lnc RNAs-modulated pancreatic cancer progression and drug resistance, together with their potential value in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of PDAC. Literature mining was performed in Pub Med with the following keywords: long non-coding RNA, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer up to January 2022. Publications relevant to the roles of lnc RNAs in diagnosis, prognosis, drug resistance, and therapy of PDAC were collected and systematically reviewed. Results: Lnc RNAs, such as HOTAIR, HOTTIP, and PVT1, play essential roles in regulating pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance, thus may serve as potential diagnostic/prognostic markers or therapeutic targets in PDAC. They participate in tumorigenesis mainly by targeting mi RNAs, interacting with signaling molecules, and involving in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Conclusions: The functional lnc RNAs play essential roles in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance and have potential values in diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and treatment of PDAC.
文摘BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a malignant tumor of the hepatobiliary system with concealed onset,strong invasiveness and poor prognosis.AIM To explore the disease characteristic genes that may be helpful in the diagnosis of ICC and affect immune cell infiltration.METHODS We downloaded two ICC-related human gene expression profiles from GEO database as the training group(GSE26566 and GSE32958 datasets)for difference analysis,and performed enrichment analysis on differential genes.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),support vector machinerecursive feature elimination(SVM-RFE)and random forest(RF),three machine learning algorithms,were used to screen the characteristic genes.Double verification was carried out on GSE107943 and The Cancer Genome Atlas,two verification groups.Receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of genes for ICC.CIBERSORT and ssGSEA algorithms were used to evaluate the effect of characteristic genes on immune infiltration pattern.Human Protein Atlas(HPA)was used to analyze the protein expression level of the target gene.RESULTS A total of 1091 differential genes were obtained in the training group.Enrichment analysis showed that the above genes were mainly enriched in small molecular catabolism,complement and coagulation cascade,bile secretion and other functions and pathways.Twentyfive characteristic genes were screened by LASSO regression,19 by SVM-RFE algorithm,and 30 by RF algorithm.Three algorithms were used in combination to determine the characteristic gene of ICC:MMP14.The verification group confirmed that the genes had a high diagnostic accuracy(AUC values of the training group and the verification group were 0.960,0.999,and 0.977,respectively).Comprehensive analysis of immune infiltration showed that MMP14 could affect the infiltration of monocytes,activated memory CD4 T cells,resting memory CD4 T cells,and other immune cells,and was closely related to the expression of CD200,cytotoxic T-lymphocyteassociated antigen 4,CD14,CD44,and other immune checkpoints.The results of immunohistochemistry in HPA database showed was indeed overexpressed in ICC.CONCLUSION MMP14 can be used as a disease characteristic gene of ICC,and may regulate the distribution of immune-infiltrating cells in the ICC tumor microenvironment,which provides a new method for the determination of ICC diagnostic markers and screening of therapeutic targets.
