Considering the interaction between a sleeper,ballast layer,and substructure,a three-dimensional coupled discrete-finite element method for a ballasted railway track is proposed in this study.Ballast granules with irr...Considering the interaction between a sleeper,ballast layer,and substructure,a three-dimensional coupled discrete-finite element method for a ballasted railway track is proposed in this study.Ballast granules with irregular shapes are constructed using a clump model using the discrete element method.Meanwhile,concrete sleepers,embankments,and foundations are modelled using 20-node hexahedron solid elements using the finite element method.To improve computational efficiency,a GPU-based(Graphics Processing Unit)parallel framework is applied in the discrete element simulation.Additionally,an algorithm containing contact search and transfer parameters at the contact interface of discrete particles and finite elements is developed in the GPU parallel environment accordingly.A benchmark case is selected to verify the accuracy of the coupling algorithm.The dynamic response of the ballasted rail track is analysed under different train speeds and loads.Meanwhile,the dynamic stress on the substructure surface obtained by the established DEM-FEM model is compared with the in situ experimental results.Finally,stress and displacement contours in the cross-section of the model are constructed to further visualise the response of the ballasted railway.This proposed coupling model can provide important insights into high-performance coupling algorithms and the dynamic characteristics of full scale ballasted rail tracks.展开更多
The past decade has witnessed the substantial growth in research interests and progress on the subject of coupled hydro-mechanical processes in rocks and soils,driven mainly by the surge of research in unconventional ...The past decade has witnessed the substantial growth in research interests and progress on the subject of coupled hydro-mechanical processes in rocks and soils,driven mainly by the surge of research in unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs and associated hazards.Many coupling techniques have been developed to include the effects of fluid flow in the discrete element method(DEM),and the techniques have been applied to a variety of geomechanical problems.Although these coupling methods have been successfully applied in various engineering fields,no single fluid/DEM coupling method is universal due to the complexity of engineering problems and the limitations of the numerical methods.For researchers and engineers,the key to solve a specific problem is to select the most appropriate fluid/DEM coupling method among these modeling technologies.The purpose of this paper is to give a comprehensive review of fluid flow/DEM coupling methods and relevant research.Given their importance,the availability or unavailability of best practice guidelines is outlined.The theoretical background and current status of DEM are introduced first,and the principles,applications,and advantages and disadvantages of different fluid flow/DEM coupling methods are discussed.Finally,a summary with speculation on future development trends is given.展开更多
The effect of floating objects has so far been little considered for hazard risk assessment and structure design, despite being an important factor causing structural damage in flood-prone and coastal areas. In this w...The effect of floating objects has so far been little considered for hazard risk assessment and structure design, despite being an important factor causing structural damage in flood-prone and coastal areas. In this work, a novel two-way method is proposed to fully couple a shock-capturing hydrodynamic model with a discrete element model （DEM） for simulation of complex debris-enriched flow hydrodynamics. After being validated against an idealized analytical test, the new coupled model is used to reproduce flume experiments of floating debris driven by dam-break waves. The numerical results agree satisfactorily with the experimental measurements, demonstrating the model＇s capability and efficiency in simulating complex fluid-debris interactions induced by violent shallow flows.展开更多
为研究采煤机螺旋滚筒在多种赋存条件下的振动特性,以MG2×55/250–BWD型薄煤层采煤机为工程对象,优化煤岩接触模型,建立与实际赋存条件相似的多种不同截割工况下煤壁离散元模型。结合DEM–MFBD(Discrete Element Method-Multi Flex...为研究采煤机螺旋滚筒在多种赋存条件下的振动特性,以MG2×55/250–BWD型薄煤层采煤机为工程对象,优化煤岩接触模型,建立与实际赋存条件相似的多种不同截割工况下煤壁离散元模型。结合DEM–MFBD(Discrete Element Method-Multi Flexible Body Dynamics)双向耦合数值模拟方法搭建采煤机截割部刚柔耦合虚拟样机模型与煤壁离散元模型的双向耦合试验平台,通过仿真试验得到不同煤岩工况下螺旋滚筒的截割过程,并分别对其振动特性的变化规律展开分析。研究结果表明:螺旋滚筒在截割过程中,三向均出现不同程度的振动,其中截割阻力方向振动加速度最大,牵引阻力方向振动加速度次之,侧向力方向振动加速度最小。随着模型中夹矸硬度以及层数比例的增加,截割过程中螺旋滚筒的振动强度不断加剧,最大振动加速度有效值的差值达到4403.149 mm/s^(2)。利用短时傅里叶变换将一维振动信号转化为二维时频谱图像,得到不同煤岩工况下振动信息变化特征在时频域中完成较好保留,其时频谱图像的特征样本效果优于各工况的时域一维信号曲线,主频能量位置、范围大小、特征团形状等信息具有明显区别,即使遇到夹矸层数不同,夹矸坚固性系数也存在差异的复杂工况,其时频谱图像中能量特征的分布形式也具有显著差别。通过振动模态分析发现,随着煤壁中含有夹矸硬度的增加,各部位的变形量均发生变化,其中截齿部位变化最为强烈。基于相似理论搭建采煤机振动信号测试试验平台,对不同煤岩工况条件下螺旋滚筒截割过程进行了测试研究,通过追踪螺旋滚筒的振动状态,发现其振动变化规律与双向耦合数值模拟一致。试验测试得到DEM–MFBD数值模拟方法获取的螺旋滚筒振动加速度有效值与依据相似比反推的试验数据之间的误差小于DEM离散元数值模拟方法与实验数据之间的误差,验证了DEM–MFBD数值模拟方法的准确性。研究结果对于提升螺旋滚筒工作可靠性具有重要意义,同时也为采煤机智能化开采的煤岩截割状态识别系统搭建过程中数据信息的获取提供了一种新的方法。展开更多
Micro-disturbance grouting is a recovery technique to reduce the excessive deformation of operational shield tunnels in urban areas.The grout mass behaves as a fluid in the ground before hardening to form a grout–soi...Micro-disturbance grouting is a recovery technique to reduce the excessive deformation of operational shield tunnels in urban areas.The grout mass behaves as a fluid in the ground before hardening to form a grout–soil mixture,which highlights the necessity of using fluid–solid coupling method in the simulation of grouting process.Within a discrete element modeling environment,this paper proposes a novel fluid-solid coupling method based on the pore density flow calculation.To demonstrate the effectiveness of this method,it is applied to numerical simulation of micro-disturbance grouting process for treatment of large transverse deformation of a shield tunnel in Shanghai Metro,China.The simulation results reveal the mechanism of recovering tunnel convergence by micro-disturbance grouting in terms of compaction and fracture of soil,energy analysis during grouting,and mechanical response of soil-tunnel interaction system.Furthermore,the influence of the three main grouting parameters(i.e.,grouting pressure,grouting distance,and grouting height)on tunnel deformation recovery efficiency is evaluated through parametric analysis.In order to efficiently recover large transverse deformation of shield tunnel in Shanghai Metro,it is suggested that the grouting pressure should be about 0.55 MPa,the grouting height should be in the range of 6.2–7.0 m,and the grouting distance should be in the range of 3.0–3.6 m.The results provide a valuable reference for grouting treatment projects of over-deformed shield tunnel in soft soil areas.展开更多
Laying the under-sleeper pad(USP)is one of the effective measures commonly used to delay ballast degradation and reduce maintenance workload.To explore the impact of application of the USP on the dynamic and static me...Laying the under-sleeper pad(USP)is one of the effective measures commonly used to delay ballast degradation and reduce maintenance workload.To explore the impact of application of the USP on the dynamic and static mechanical behavior of the ballast track in the heavy-haul railway system,numerical simulation models of the ballast bed with USP and without USP are presented in this paper by using the discrete element method(DEM)-multi-flexible body dynamic(MFBD)coupling analysis method.The ballast bed support stiffness test and dynamic displacement tests were carried out on the actual operation of a heavy-haul railway line to verify the validity of the models.The results show that using the USP results in a 43.01%reduction in the ballast bed support stiffness and achieves a more uniform distribution of track loads on the sleepers.It effectively reduces the load borne by the sleeper directly under the wheel load,with a 7.89%reduction in the pressure on the sleeper.Furthermore,the laying of the USP changes the lateral resistance sharing ratio of the ballast bed,significantly reducing the stress level of the ballast bed under train loads,with an average stress reduction of 42.19 kPa.It also reduces the plastic displacement of ballast particles and lowers the peak value of rotational angular velocity by about 50%to 70%,which is conducive to slowing down ballast bed settlement deformation and reducing maintenance costs.In summary,laying the USP has a potential value in enhancing the stability and extending the lifespan of the ballast bed in heavy-haul railway systems.展开更多
An outburst of coal and gas is a major hazard in underground coal mining. It is generally accepted that an outburst occurs when certain conditions of stress, coal gassiness and physical-mechanical properties of coal a...An outburst of coal and gas is a major hazard in underground coal mining. It is generally accepted that an outburst occurs when certain conditions of stress, coal gassiness and physical-mechanical properties of coal are met. Outbursting is recognized as a two-step process, i.e., initiation and development. In this paper, we present a fully-coupled solid and fluid code to model the entire process of an outburst. The deformation, failure and fracture of solid （coal） are modeled with the discrete element method, and the flow of fluid （gas and water） such as free flow and Darcy flow are modeled with the lattice Boltzmann method. These two methods are coupled in a two-way process, i.e., the solid part provides a moving boundary condition and transfers momentum to the fluid, while the fluid exerts a dragging force upon the solid. Gas desorption from coal occurs at the solid-fluid boundary, and gas diffusion is implemented in the solid code where particles are assumed to be porous. A simple 2D example to simulate the process of an outburst with the model is also presented in this paper to demonstrate the capability of the coupled model.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11872136,11802146,11772085)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.DUT19GJ206,DUT19ZD207).
文摘Considering the interaction between a sleeper,ballast layer,and substructure,a three-dimensional coupled discrete-finite element method for a ballasted railway track is proposed in this study.Ballast granules with irregular shapes are constructed using a clump model using the discrete element method.Meanwhile,concrete sleepers,embankments,and foundations are modelled using 20-node hexahedron solid elements using the finite element method.To improve computational efficiency,a GPU-based(Graphics Processing Unit)parallel framework is applied in the discrete element simulation.Additionally,an algorithm containing contact search and transfer parameters at the contact interface of discrete particles and finite elements is developed in the GPU parallel environment accordingly.A benchmark case is selected to verify the accuracy of the coupling algorithm.The dynamic response of the ballasted rail track is analysed under different train speeds and loads.Meanwhile,the dynamic stress on the substructure surface obtained by the established DEM-FEM model is compared with the in situ experimental results.Finally,stress and displacement contours in the cross-section of the model are constructed to further visualise the response of the ballasted railway.This proposed coupling model can provide important insights into high-performance coupling algorithms and the dynamic characteristics of full scale ballasted rail tracks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41772286 and 42077247)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China
文摘The past decade has witnessed the substantial growth in research interests and progress on the subject of coupled hydro-mechanical processes in rocks and soils,driven mainly by the surge of research in unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs and associated hazards.Many coupling techniques have been developed to include the effects of fluid flow in the discrete element method(DEM),and the techniques have been applied to a variety of geomechanical problems.Although these coupling methods have been successfully applied in various engineering fields,no single fluid/DEM coupling method is universal due to the complexity of engineering problems and the limitations of the numerical methods.For researchers and engineers,the key to solve a specific problem is to select the most appropriate fluid/DEM coupling method among these modeling technologies.The purpose of this paper is to give a comprehensive review of fluid flow/DEM coupling methods and relevant research.Given their importance,the availability or unavailability of best practice guidelines is outlined.The theoretical background and current status of DEM are introduced first,and the principles,applications,and advantages and disadvantages of different fluid flow/DEM coupling methods are discussed.Finally,a summary with speculation on future development trends is given.
基金Project supported by the China Scholarships Council(No.201606710054)the UK NERC SINATRA and TENDERLY projects(Grant No.NE/K008781/1)the State Major Project of Water Pollution Control and Management(2017ZX07603-001)
文摘The effect of floating objects has so far been little considered for hazard risk assessment and structure design, despite being an important factor causing structural damage in flood-prone and coastal areas. In this work, a novel two-way method is proposed to fully couple a shock-capturing hydrodynamic model with a discrete element model （DEM） for simulation of complex debris-enriched flow hydrodynamics. After being validated against an idealized analytical test, the new coupled model is used to reproduce flume experiments of floating debris driven by dam-break waves. The numerical results agree satisfactorily with the experimental measurements, demonstrating the model＇s capability and efficiency in simulating complex fluid-debris interactions induced by violent shallow flows.
文摘为研究采煤机螺旋滚筒在多种赋存条件下的振动特性,以MG2×55/250–BWD型薄煤层采煤机为工程对象,优化煤岩接触模型,建立与实际赋存条件相似的多种不同截割工况下煤壁离散元模型。结合DEM–MFBD(Discrete Element Method-Multi Flexible Body Dynamics)双向耦合数值模拟方法搭建采煤机截割部刚柔耦合虚拟样机模型与煤壁离散元模型的双向耦合试验平台,通过仿真试验得到不同煤岩工况下螺旋滚筒的截割过程,并分别对其振动特性的变化规律展开分析。研究结果表明:螺旋滚筒在截割过程中,三向均出现不同程度的振动,其中截割阻力方向振动加速度最大,牵引阻力方向振动加速度次之,侧向力方向振动加速度最小。随着模型中夹矸硬度以及层数比例的增加,截割过程中螺旋滚筒的振动强度不断加剧,最大振动加速度有效值的差值达到4403.149 mm/s^(2)。利用短时傅里叶变换将一维振动信号转化为二维时频谱图像,得到不同煤岩工况下振动信息变化特征在时频域中完成较好保留,其时频谱图像的特征样本效果优于各工况的时域一维信号曲线,主频能量位置、范围大小、特征团形状等信息具有明显区别,即使遇到夹矸层数不同,夹矸坚固性系数也存在差异的复杂工况,其时频谱图像中能量特征的分布形式也具有显著差别。通过振动模态分析发现,随着煤壁中含有夹矸硬度的增加,各部位的变形量均发生变化,其中截齿部位变化最为强烈。基于相似理论搭建采煤机振动信号测试试验平台,对不同煤岩工况条件下螺旋滚筒截割过程进行了测试研究,通过追踪螺旋滚筒的振动状态,发现其振动变化规律与双向耦合数值模拟一致。试验测试得到DEM–MFBD数值模拟方法获取的螺旋滚筒振动加速度有效值与依据相似比反推的试验数据之间的误差小于DEM离散元数值模拟方法与实验数据之间的误差,验证了DEM–MFBD数值模拟方法的准确性。研究结果对于提升螺旋滚筒工作可靠性具有重要意义,同时也为采煤机智能化开采的煤岩截割状态识别系统搭建过程中数据信息的获取提供了一种新的方法。
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan,China(Grant No.242300421646)the Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education,Tongji University,China(Grant No.KLE-TJGE-B2205).
文摘Micro-disturbance grouting is a recovery technique to reduce the excessive deformation of operational shield tunnels in urban areas.The grout mass behaves as a fluid in the ground before hardening to form a grout–soil mixture,which highlights the necessity of using fluid–solid coupling method in the simulation of grouting process.Within a discrete element modeling environment,this paper proposes a novel fluid-solid coupling method based on the pore density flow calculation.To demonstrate the effectiveness of this method,it is applied to numerical simulation of micro-disturbance grouting process for treatment of large transverse deformation of a shield tunnel in Shanghai Metro,China.The simulation results reveal the mechanism of recovering tunnel convergence by micro-disturbance grouting in terms of compaction and fracture of soil,energy analysis during grouting,and mechanical response of soil-tunnel interaction system.Furthermore,the influence of the three main grouting parameters(i.e.,grouting pressure,grouting distance,and grouting height)on tunnel deformation recovery efficiency is evaluated through parametric analysis.In order to efficiently recover large transverse deformation of shield tunnel in Shanghai Metro,it is suggested that the grouting pressure should be about 0.55 MPa,the grouting height should be in the range of 6.2–7.0 m,and the grouting distance should be in the range of 3.0–3.6 m.The results provide a valuable reference for grouting treatment projects of over-deformed shield tunnel in soft soil areas.
基金the project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52372425)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Science and technology leading talent team project)(Grant No.2022JBXT010).
文摘Laying the under-sleeper pad(USP)is one of the effective measures commonly used to delay ballast degradation and reduce maintenance workload.To explore the impact of application of the USP on the dynamic and static mechanical behavior of the ballast track in the heavy-haul railway system,numerical simulation models of the ballast bed with USP and without USP are presented in this paper by using the discrete element method(DEM)-multi-flexible body dynamic(MFBD)coupling analysis method.The ballast bed support stiffness test and dynamic displacement tests were carried out on the actual operation of a heavy-haul railway line to verify the validity of the models.The results show that using the USP results in a 43.01%reduction in the ballast bed support stiffness and achieves a more uniform distribution of track loads on the sleepers.It effectively reduces the load borne by the sleeper directly under the wheel load,with a 7.89%reduction in the pressure on the sleeper.Furthermore,the laying of the USP changes the lateral resistance sharing ratio of the ballast bed,significantly reducing the stress level of the ballast bed under train loads,with an average stress reduction of 42.19 kPa.It also reduces the plastic displacement of ballast particles and lowers the peak value of rotational angular velocity by about 50%to 70%,which is conducive to slowing down ballast bed settlement deformation and reducing maintenance costs.In summary,laying the USP has a potential value in enhancing the stability and extending the lifespan of the ballast bed in heavy-haul railway systems.
文摘An outburst of coal and gas is a major hazard in underground coal mining. It is generally accepted that an outburst occurs when certain conditions of stress, coal gassiness and physical-mechanical properties of coal are met. Outbursting is recognized as a two-step process, i.e., initiation and development. In this paper, we present a fully-coupled solid and fluid code to model the entire process of an outburst. The deformation, failure and fracture of solid （coal） are modeled with the discrete element method, and the flow of fluid （gas and water） such as free flow and Darcy flow are modeled with the lattice Boltzmann method. These two methods are coupled in a two-way process, i.e., the solid part provides a moving boundary condition and transfers momentum to the fluid, while the fluid exerts a dragging force upon the solid. Gas desorption from coal occurs at the solid-fluid boundary, and gas diffusion is implemented in the solid code where particles are assumed to be porous. A simple 2D example to simulate the process of an outburst with the model is also presented in this paper to demonstrate the capability of the coupled model.
