The objectives of the present work are focused on exploration of the reasons for temperature difference in different envelopes,the sensitivity of envelopes of solar greenhouse to thermal disfigurements and optimal sel...The objectives of the present work are focused on exploration of the reasons for temperature difference in different envelopes,the sensitivity of envelopes of solar greenhouse to thermal disfigurements and optimal selection of the thermal insulation quilt.Theoretical analysis and derivation are conducted according to the experimental results of surface temperature,convective heat transfer,and heat flux density in different envelopes which with thermal disfigurements of solar greenhouse using heat transfer theory.The results revealed that the difference of intrinsic thermal conductivity and thickness of the envelopes leads to difference in the thermal flux and thus in the surface temperature of different envelopes.Compared with the front roof and back roof,the wall is more sensitive to thermal disfigurements.According to the influence of thermal disfigurements on solar greenhouse temperature,the allowable thermal disfigurements area fraction of front roof and back roof are given.Based on the analysis of heat transfer theory and test results,the work given the expression of the thickness and thermal conductivity of thermal insulation quilt under different outdoor minimum temperatures for optimal selection of thermal insulation quilt based on comprehensive considering factors of the solar greenhouse structure,crop demand,outdoor minimum temperature,and insulation quilt properties.The results of this work give technical criterion for whether the envelopes with thermal disfigurements needs to be repaired or replaced,and it also provides theoretical and technical support for design the solar greenhouse as well as methodological guidance for the optimal selection of the thermal insulation quilt.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been passed down for more than 2,000 years.TCM beauty products driven by the principles of identification and treatment with various dosage forms and exhibit mild and safe efficacy...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been passed down for more than 2,000 years.TCM beauty products driven by the principles of identification and treatment with various dosage forms and exhibit mild and safe efficacy are bound to become a main component of the beauty industry in the future.Xu once commented that“Qian Jin Fang”is different from the traditional prescription system,which emphasizes the use of medicines.In this paper,we mainly selected the prescriptions for the treatment of disfigurement diseases such as acne,scarring,black dryness,face hyperpigmentation,black mole,and rosacea from the article titled,“Upper Seven Orifices Disease-Facial Medicine IX”in the Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang[1].By studying and analyzing the original composition of the formula,understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease,and exploring the characteristics of the formula concerning the efficacy of TCM,their properties,flavors,and meridians,we summarized the characteristics of the Qian Jin Fang.It is based on the external treatment of disfigurement diseases,with a wide variety of drugs,flexibility,and accuracy.This method draws upon analogies while utilizing excipients and harmonizers to focus on the combined healing approach of treatment and nourishment.展开更多
Background: Nowadays, the use of dermal fillers for correcting signs of aging, such as wrinkles, depressions, and folds, has become increasingly popular. However, the abuse of these products can lead to disfigurements...Background: Nowadays, the use of dermal fillers for correcting signs of aging, such as wrinkles, depressions, and folds, has become increasingly popular. However, the abuse of these products can lead to disfigurements and unpredictable consequences among users. Objective: To evaluate the clinical abnormalities related to dermal fillers abuse in Iraqi people, and identify the various factors contributing to them. Methods: A total of 35 patients with different facial abnormalities due to the abuse of dermal fillers, attending our clinic in Diwaniyah, Iraq, from September 2016 to December 2017, were enrolled. A questionnaire-based analysis was used to collect clinical and sociodemographic data from patients to determine the etiological profile behind this problem. Several disfigurements and facial defects were diagnosed on clinical base. We have treated most of the situations that require intervention and treatment. Results: A total of 35 patients aged between 25 and 54 years with a sex ratio of 0.093 were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 42 years, and the age group between 35 and 45 years was forming 85.7% of the cases. The clinical abnormalities recorded in this study include: buffy face 8 (22.8%), facial asymmetry 3 (8.5%), Mdoka fish lips like 6 (17%), periorbital redness 1 (2.8%), filler fatigue 6 (17%), bags under eyes 4 (11.4%), sizeable bulbous nose 4 (11.4%), topographical changes 2 (5.7%), and stone-like cheeks 1 (2.8%). The leading causes for the abuse of fillers were as follows: 12 (34.28%) candidates were not compatible with the procedure, 9 (25.7%) were non-compliance with the indications of the Food and Drug Organization (FDA), 9 (25.7%) fillers were injected in the wrong place, 18 (51.4%) injections were of a larger quantity than required, and 5 (14.2%) had frequent and long-term injection. Conclusion: The use of dermal fillers for a wrong purpose can result in disfigurements rather than beautification. The commonest disfigurements are the puffy face, enlarged lips, and bags under eyes. The clinical uses of dermal fillers in Iraq need to be monitored by the health authorities, with the assurance that these products should be sold only by a doctor’s prescription to reduce their abuse.展开更多
On the basis of the principles of simple random sampling, the statistical model of rate of disfigurement (RD) is put forward and described in detail. According to the definition of simple random sampling for the attri...On the basis of the principles of simple random sampling, the statistical model of rate of disfigurement (RD) is put forward and described in detail. According to the definition of simple random sampling for the attribute data in GIS, the mean and variance of the RD are deduced as the characteristic value of the statistical model in order to explain the feasibility of the accuracy measurement of the attribute data in GIS by using the RD. Moreover, on the basis of the mean and variance of the RD, the quality assessment method for attribute data of vector maps during the data collecting is discussed. The RD spread graph is also drawn to see whether the quality of the attribute data is under control. The RD model can synthetically judge the quality of attribute data, which is different from other measurement coefficients that only discuss accuracy of classification.展开更多
This article contributes to the limited literature on the social consequences of cancer generated facial disfigurement by reporting the result of an exploratory analysis of interaction between facially disfigured canc...This article contributes to the limited literature on the social consequences of cancer generated facial disfigurement by reporting the result of an exploratory analysis of interaction between facially disfigured cancer patients and strangers and acquaintances (secondary groups). Secondary groups are those in which membership occurs due to performance of formal and/or non-intimate roles. Interaction is studied as it takes place in different social settings. Indivi- duals who are affected by cancer of the head and neck region can now expect to survive for many years after the cancer is detected and later surgically removed. Because of surgery, these survivors live the rest of their lives with facial disfigurement and are stigmatized and socially excluded. It follows that a new and socially relevant situation has emerged: as medicine develops and allows more patients to survive, it forces them to spend significant portions of their lives dealing with the stigma associated with facial disfigurement. Research on social issues pertaining to facially disfigured cancer patients remains sparse. Limited knowledge has been produced on the “social context” within which interaction between the disfigured and relevant social groups takes place. To date most research has focused on the individual and his/her ability to adapt to the condition of facially disfigured. To address this scientific gap and document the manner through which the interaction process is socially created and evolves, interviews with fourteen facially disfigured cancer patients were carried out. These interviews were designed to reconstruct the interaction experiences of these individuals in different social contexts. Data were analyzed through the qualitative approach of grounded theory. Results indicate that patients can be divided into two groups: Occasionally Comfortable Patients and Always Comfortable Patients. Occasionally comfortable patients are individuals who experience different levels of comfort in interaction. In some situations they do not feel stigmatized, but other interactions constitute the contexts within which this discomfort emerges. Discomfort in interaction was employed as an indicator of stigmatization. Interacting groups were divided into small and large. Intrusion (unsolicited attention to patients) in interaction in large and small groups always generates uncomfortable situations. Sympathy (unsolicited comments and/or actions in support of patients) is associated with comfort in interaction in small groups and produces varying patterns in the case of large groups. Benign neglect (a situation in which interacting individuals do not pay particular attention to patients) produces comfort in interaction within large groups and varying outcomes in the case of small groups. Always comfortable patients are those who do not experience discomfort in interaction regard- less of the size and characteristics of the interacting group. The article concludes by stressing that facially disfigured cancer patients should be prepared to face different interaction patterns. Simultaneously, efforts should be made to educate patients and the general public about these interaction patterns.展开更多
The pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicle flap (PMMF) is still being used by many surgeons and plays an important role in head and neck reconstruction. The purpose of this series was to review our 10 years’ experienc...The pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicle flap (PMMF) is still being used by many surgeons and plays an important role in head and neck reconstruction. The purpose of this series was to review our 10 years’ experience with the PMMF in head and neck reconstruction. One hundred and two patients who underwent the PMMF technique were reviewed on the clinical records. Postoperative complications were classified into flap loss, hemorrhage, infection, fistula formation, wound dehiscence and donor site complication. Eighty two patients (80.4%) demonstrated no complication. Six patients among 102 patients (5.9%) demonstrated total or partial skin necroses. Three female patients were completely dissatisfied with the cosmetic appearance after the PMMF. One of them required a reconstructive surgery with the latissimusdorsi flap. Without surgical expertise in plastic surgical field, an ear-nose-throat or an oral surgeon can performed the PMMF technique provided the operator is well aware of serious and frequent complications of this “workhorse” procedure.展开更多
The human face consists of three dimensions： （1） the visible, static sur-face, （2） the mobile dimension, which communicates thoughts, emotions, and states of mind, and （3） the invisible dimension, the face aspa...The human face consists of three dimensions： （1） the visible, static sur-face, （2） the mobile dimension, which communicates thoughts, emotions, and states of mind, and （3） the invisible dimension, the face aspars-pro-toto for the whole person who owns the face. In this latter sense, the human face is at the center of Emmanuel Levinas＇ theory of ethics： We encounter each other face-to-face, he argues, and it is the other＇s face that calls for my ethical response to the holiness of his/her wholeness and essence. The primary ethical imperative is： ＂Thou shalt not kill.＂ When we encounter a facially disfigured person, we usually fail to respond ethically because we concentrate on the disfigurement. The second dimension, as a result of the disfigurement, is often impaired and thus incapable of communicating in such a way that we can ＂read＂ the face. With our gaze fixed on the disfigured part of the face, we lose sight of the person as a whole. Metaphorically speaking, we could even say that we ＂kill＂ the person. Levinas conceives of the other＇s face not in its plastic manifestation. But the encounter with the other does at first take place as embodiment. According to Merleau-Ponty, this encounter is by definition interactive and dialogical. In Willa Cather＇s short story ＂The Profile,＂ young beautiful Virginia marries a portrait painter after he has finished her portrait in profile. The left side of her face is severely disfigured because of a burn. Her husband is waiting impatiently for her to talk about ＂it＂ and the suffering it must cause her in order to ＂heal＂ her with his love, but she behaves as if it did not exist and even likes to dress extravagantly. In the following analysis of the short story, it will be illustrated how the husband fails to respond to his wife＇s face＇s invitation to interact with it and get in touch with the wholeness of her person that it stands for. Instead, he reduces her to the disfigurement. When he finally names the scar, he metaphorically ＂kills＂ her, as well as their marriage.展开更多
Using the identification quantity to identify the long ear disfigurement was brought up, and by calculation, it can be found that identification quantity should be set as the quantity of long ear disfigurement of the ...Using the identification quantity to identify the long ear disfigurement was brought up, and by calculation, it can be found that identification quantity should be set as the quantity of long ear disfigurement of the position which is about 0. 2 times of plate width to the plate border. Conception of plate head tiny cell was brought up, and the long ear disfigurement was uncoupled into the product of elongation percentage and length of tiny cell. On the basis of prediction of long ear disfigurement, process control model of MAS rolling was built up, and application indicates that it can fit the on-line production and eliminate the long ear disfigurement commendably.展开更多
Purpose This study aimed at exploring the perceptions and experiences of female burn survivors with facial disfigurement in Pakistan.Methods Two different quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted,of which t...Purpose This study aimed at exploring the perceptions and experiences of female burn survivors with facial disfigurement in Pakistan.Methods Two different quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted,of which the data were collected from 100 burn patients.A pilot interview protocol was developed.An indepth interview of five female burn survivors with facial disfigurement was taken in Lahore,Pakistan.The transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis and four major themes were identified,respectively physical appearance,posttraumatic growth,relationships and coping strategies.Results Thematic analysis reflected differences in attributional style,perceptions and individual experiences of female burn survivors with facial disfigurement.The study showed the importance of physical appearance for different burn survivors and how their life had changed after suffering from a burn injury.Conclusion It could be easy to have a positive outlook towards life and accept visible differences post injury for the burn survivors,who are grateful for life,get a strong family support and have available resources.On the contrary,with low self-esteem,lack of a family support and available resources,patients would be dissatisfied with their life.展开更多
Solar greenhouse is a typical greenhouse without any additional heating system,which has developed rapidly in Northern China.However,due to the construction quality,management methods,especially the long-term use and ...Solar greenhouse is a typical greenhouse without any additional heating system,which has developed rapidly in Northern China.However,due to the construction quality,management methods,especially the long-term use and other factors,there are usually different degrees of thermodynamic disfigurements in the envelop enclosure of solar greenhouse.The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of thermodynamic disfigurement on the temperature distribution and convective heat transfer of solar greenhouse.In this study,the east and west compartments of a typical solar greenhouse which is located in Yangling,China(108°4′E,34°16′N)were tested.The air temperature of each compartment was collected using temperature recorders,and the thermal infrared images of different compartment envelopes were obtained by a thermal infrared imager on a typical cloudy day.Convective heat transfer coefficients and heat flux densities of different compartment envelopes in the solar greenhouse were calculated.The results showed that the temperature difference can be displayed in the thermal infrared images of compartment envelopes,the surface temperature of the front roof was the lowest,followed by the back roof,the wall surface temperature was the highest.The minimum average surface temperature of the front roof in the eastern compartment was only 3.8℃,which was 6.8℃ and 9.2℃ lower than the average surface temperature of the back roof and back wall,respectively.The surface average temperature of thermodynamic disfigurements located at the bottom of the south side in the front roof of the eastern compartment,whose area accounted for 16.5%of the total front roof in the eastern compartment,was only 5.4℃.Compared with non-thermodynamic disfigurement,the average convective heat transfer coefficient and heat flux density of thermodynamic disfigurements in the front roof of the eastern compartment were increased by 20.3%and 110.3%,respectively.The average air temperature in the eastern compartment was 3.5℃ lower than the average air temperature in the western compartment of the solar greenhouse.Construction of brick wall at the bottom of the south side of the front roof in the solar greenhouse helped to increase the inner surface temperature of the front roof,with an average temperature rise of 6.2℃,and reduce the area of thermodynamic disfigurement,which only accounted for 2.6%of the total front roof in the western compartment.The average surface temperature of thermodynamic disfigurements mainly caused by the entry and exit door in the wall of the eastern compartment was only 9.8℃,which was lower 3.2℃ than the average temperature of non-thermodynamic disfigurement of the wall.Thermodynamic disfigurement helped to increase heat loss.The weighted average proportion of thermodynamic disfigurement in the western compartment was 2.1%,while that of thermodynamic disfigurement in the eastern compartment was 10.7%.The thermal insulation performance of the western compartment envelope in the solar greenhouse was better than that of the eastern compartment envelope.展开更多
基金supported by Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2019TSLNY01-03)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901420)Young Scientist Promotion Project of Jiangsu Science and Technology Association(2020-2-46).
文摘The objectives of the present work are focused on exploration of the reasons for temperature difference in different envelopes,the sensitivity of envelopes of solar greenhouse to thermal disfigurements and optimal selection of the thermal insulation quilt.Theoretical analysis and derivation are conducted according to the experimental results of surface temperature,convective heat transfer,and heat flux density in different envelopes which with thermal disfigurements of solar greenhouse using heat transfer theory.The results revealed that the difference of intrinsic thermal conductivity and thickness of the envelopes leads to difference in the thermal flux and thus in the surface temperature of different envelopes.Compared with the front roof and back roof,the wall is more sensitive to thermal disfigurements.According to the influence of thermal disfigurements on solar greenhouse temperature,the allowable thermal disfigurements area fraction of front roof and back roof are given.Based on the analysis of heat transfer theory and test results,the work given the expression of the thickness and thermal conductivity of thermal insulation quilt under different outdoor minimum temperatures for optimal selection of thermal insulation quilt based on comprehensive considering factors of the solar greenhouse structure,crop demand,outdoor minimum temperature,and insulation quilt properties.The results of this work give technical criterion for whether the envelopes with thermal disfigurements needs to be repaired or replaced,and it also provides theoretical and technical support for design the solar greenhouse as well as methodological guidance for the optimal selection of the thermal insulation quilt.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been passed down for more than 2,000 years.TCM beauty products driven by the principles of identification and treatment with various dosage forms and exhibit mild and safe efficacy are bound to become a main component of the beauty industry in the future.Xu once commented that“Qian Jin Fang”is different from the traditional prescription system,which emphasizes the use of medicines.In this paper,we mainly selected the prescriptions for the treatment of disfigurement diseases such as acne,scarring,black dryness,face hyperpigmentation,black mole,and rosacea from the article titled,“Upper Seven Orifices Disease-Facial Medicine IX”in the Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang[1].By studying and analyzing the original composition of the formula,understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease,and exploring the characteristics of the formula concerning the efficacy of TCM,their properties,flavors,and meridians,we summarized the characteristics of the Qian Jin Fang.It is based on the external treatment of disfigurement diseases,with a wide variety of drugs,flexibility,and accuracy.This method draws upon analogies while utilizing excipients and harmonizers to focus on the combined healing approach of treatment and nourishment.
文摘Background: Nowadays, the use of dermal fillers for correcting signs of aging, such as wrinkles, depressions, and folds, has become increasingly popular. However, the abuse of these products can lead to disfigurements and unpredictable consequences among users. Objective: To evaluate the clinical abnormalities related to dermal fillers abuse in Iraqi people, and identify the various factors contributing to them. Methods: A total of 35 patients with different facial abnormalities due to the abuse of dermal fillers, attending our clinic in Diwaniyah, Iraq, from September 2016 to December 2017, were enrolled. A questionnaire-based analysis was used to collect clinical and sociodemographic data from patients to determine the etiological profile behind this problem. Several disfigurements and facial defects were diagnosed on clinical base. We have treated most of the situations that require intervention and treatment. Results: A total of 35 patients aged between 25 and 54 years with a sex ratio of 0.093 were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 42 years, and the age group between 35 and 45 years was forming 85.7% of the cases. The clinical abnormalities recorded in this study include: buffy face 8 (22.8%), facial asymmetry 3 (8.5%), Mdoka fish lips like 6 (17%), periorbital redness 1 (2.8%), filler fatigue 6 (17%), bags under eyes 4 (11.4%), sizeable bulbous nose 4 (11.4%), topographical changes 2 (5.7%), and stone-like cheeks 1 (2.8%). The leading causes for the abuse of fillers were as follows: 12 (34.28%) candidates were not compatible with the procedure, 9 (25.7%) were non-compliance with the indications of the Food and Drug Organization (FDA), 9 (25.7%) fillers were injected in the wrong place, 18 (51.4%) injections were of a larger quantity than required, and 5 (14.2%) had frequent and long-term injection. Conclusion: The use of dermal fillers for a wrong purpose can result in disfigurements rather than beautification. The commonest disfigurements are the puffy face, enlarged lips, and bags under eyes. The clinical uses of dermal fillers in Iraq need to be monitored by the health authorities, with the assurance that these products should be sold only by a doctor’s prescription to reduce their abuse.
基金ProjectsupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .40 1 71 0 78) ,FundfromHongKongPolytechnicUniversity (No.1 .34 .970 9)andtheResearchGrantsCouncilofHongKongSAR (No .3 ZB40 ) .
文摘On the basis of the principles of simple random sampling, the statistical model of rate of disfigurement (RD) is put forward and described in detail. According to the definition of simple random sampling for the attribute data in GIS, the mean and variance of the RD are deduced as the characteristic value of the statistical model in order to explain the feasibility of the accuracy measurement of the attribute data in GIS by using the RD. Moreover, on the basis of the mean and variance of the RD, the quality assessment method for attribute data of vector maps during the data collecting is discussed. The RD spread graph is also drawn to see whether the quality of the attribute data is under control. The RD model can synthetically judge the quality of attribute data, which is different from other measurement coefficients that only discuss accuracy of classification.
文摘This article contributes to the limited literature on the social consequences of cancer generated facial disfigurement by reporting the result of an exploratory analysis of interaction between facially disfigured cancer patients and strangers and acquaintances (secondary groups). Secondary groups are those in which membership occurs due to performance of formal and/or non-intimate roles. Interaction is studied as it takes place in different social settings. Indivi- duals who are affected by cancer of the head and neck region can now expect to survive for many years after the cancer is detected and later surgically removed. Because of surgery, these survivors live the rest of their lives with facial disfigurement and are stigmatized and socially excluded. It follows that a new and socially relevant situation has emerged: as medicine develops and allows more patients to survive, it forces them to spend significant portions of their lives dealing with the stigma associated with facial disfigurement. Research on social issues pertaining to facially disfigured cancer patients remains sparse. Limited knowledge has been produced on the “social context” within which interaction between the disfigured and relevant social groups takes place. To date most research has focused on the individual and his/her ability to adapt to the condition of facially disfigured. To address this scientific gap and document the manner through which the interaction process is socially created and evolves, interviews with fourteen facially disfigured cancer patients were carried out. These interviews were designed to reconstruct the interaction experiences of these individuals in different social contexts. Data were analyzed through the qualitative approach of grounded theory. Results indicate that patients can be divided into two groups: Occasionally Comfortable Patients and Always Comfortable Patients. Occasionally comfortable patients are individuals who experience different levels of comfort in interaction. In some situations they do not feel stigmatized, but other interactions constitute the contexts within which this discomfort emerges. Discomfort in interaction was employed as an indicator of stigmatization. Interacting groups were divided into small and large. Intrusion (unsolicited attention to patients) in interaction in large and small groups always generates uncomfortable situations. Sympathy (unsolicited comments and/or actions in support of patients) is associated with comfort in interaction in small groups and produces varying patterns in the case of large groups. Benign neglect (a situation in which interacting individuals do not pay particular attention to patients) produces comfort in interaction within large groups and varying outcomes in the case of small groups. Always comfortable patients are those who do not experience discomfort in interaction regard- less of the size and characteristics of the interacting group. The article concludes by stressing that facially disfigured cancer patients should be prepared to face different interaction patterns. Simultaneously, efforts should be made to educate patients and the general public about these interaction patterns.
文摘The pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicle flap (PMMF) is still being used by many surgeons and plays an important role in head and neck reconstruction. The purpose of this series was to review our 10 years’ experience with the PMMF in head and neck reconstruction. One hundred and two patients who underwent the PMMF technique were reviewed on the clinical records. Postoperative complications were classified into flap loss, hemorrhage, infection, fistula formation, wound dehiscence and donor site complication. Eighty two patients (80.4%) demonstrated no complication. Six patients among 102 patients (5.9%) demonstrated total or partial skin necroses. Three female patients were completely dissatisfied with the cosmetic appearance after the PMMF. One of them required a reconstructive surgery with the latissimusdorsi flap. Without surgical expertise in plastic surgical field, an ear-nose-throat or an oral surgeon can performed the PMMF technique provided the operator is well aware of serious and frequent complications of this “workhorse” procedure.
文摘The human face consists of three dimensions： （1） the visible, static sur-face, （2） the mobile dimension, which communicates thoughts, emotions, and states of mind, and （3） the invisible dimension, the face aspars-pro-toto for the whole person who owns the face. In this latter sense, the human face is at the center of Emmanuel Levinas＇ theory of ethics： We encounter each other face-to-face, he argues, and it is the other＇s face that calls for my ethical response to the holiness of his/her wholeness and essence. The primary ethical imperative is： ＂Thou shalt not kill.＂ When we encounter a facially disfigured person, we usually fail to respond ethically because we concentrate on the disfigurement. The second dimension, as a result of the disfigurement, is often impaired and thus incapable of communicating in such a way that we can ＂read＂ the face. With our gaze fixed on the disfigured part of the face, we lose sight of the person as a whole. Metaphorically speaking, we could even say that we ＂kill＂ the person. Levinas conceives of the other＇s face not in its plastic manifestation. But the encounter with the other does at first take place as embodiment. According to Merleau-Ponty, this encounter is by definition interactive and dialogical. In Willa Cather＇s short story ＂The Profile,＂ young beautiful Virginia marries a portrait painter after he has finished her portrait in profile. The left side of her face is severely disfigured because of a burn. Her husband is waiting impatiently for her to talk about ＂it＂ and the suffering it must cause her in order to ＂heal＂ her with his love, but she behaves as if it did not exist and even likes to dress extravagantly. In the following analysis of the short story, it will be illustrated how the husband fails to respond to his wife＇s face＇s invitation to interact with it and get in touch with the wholeness of her person that it stands for. Instead, he reduces her to the disfigurement. When he finally names the scar, he metaphorically ＂kills＂ her, as well as their marriage.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50604006)
文摘Using the identification quantity to identify the long ear disfigurement was brought up, and by calculation, it can be found that identification quantity should be set as the quantity of long ear disfigurement of the position which is about 0. 2 times of plate width to the plate border. Conception of plate head tiny cell was brought up, and the long ear disfigurement was uncoupled into the product of elongation percentage and length of tiny cell. On the basis of prediction of long ear disfigurement, process control model of MAS rolling was built up, and application indicates that it can fit the on-line production and eliminate the long ear disfigurement commendably.
文摘Purpose This study aimed at exploring the perceptions and experiences of female burn survivors with facial disfigurement in Pakistan.Methods Two different quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted,of which the data were collected from 100 burn patients.A pilot interview protocol was developed.An indepth interview of five female burn survivors with facial disfigurement was taken in Lahore,Pakistan.The transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis and four major themes were identified,respectively physical appearance,posttraumatic growth,relationships and coping strategies.Results Thematic analysis reflected differences in attributional style,perceptions and individual experiences of female burn survivors with facial disfigurement.The study showed the importance of physical appearance for different burn survivors and how their life had changed after suffering from a burn injury.Conclusion It could be easy to have a positive outlook towards life and accept visible differences post injury for the burn survivors,who are grateful for life,get a strong family support and have available resources.On the contrary,with low self-esteem,lack of a family support and available resources,patients would be dissatisfied with their life.
基金This research was financially supported by Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2019TSLNY01-03)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901420)Shaanxi Science and Technology Plan Program(2019FP-023).
文摘Solar greenhouse is a typical greenhouse without any additional heating system,which has developed rapidly in Northern China.However,due to the construction quality,management methods,especially the long-term use and other factors,there are usually different degrees of thermodynamic disfigurements in the envelop enclosure of solar greenhouse.The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of thermodynamic disfigurement on the temperature distribution and convective heat transfer of solar greenhouse.In this study,the east and west compartments of a typical solar greenhouse which is located in Yangling,China(108°4′E,34°16′N)were tested.The air temperature of each compartment was collected using temperature recorders,and the thermal infrared images of different compartment envelopes were obtained by a thermal infrared imager on a typical cloudy day.Convective heat transfer coefficients and heat flux densities of different compartment envelopes in the solar greenhouse were calculated.The results showed that the temperature difference can be displayed in the thermal infrared images of compartment envelopes,the surface temperature of the front roof was the lowest,followed by the back roof,the wall surface temperature was the highest.The minimum average surface temperature of the front roof in the eastern compartment was only 3.8℃,which was 6.8℃ and 9.2℃ lower than the average surface temperature of the back roof and back wall,respectively.The surface average temperature of thermodynamic disfigurements located at the bottom of the south side in the front roof of the eastern compartment,whose area accounted for 16.5%of the total front roof in the eastern compartment,was only 5.4℃.Compared with non-thermodynamic disfigurement,the average convective heat transfer coefficient and heat flux density of thermodynamic disfigurements in the front roof of the eastern compartment were increased by 20.3%and 110.3%,respectively.The average air temperature in the eastern compartment was 3.5℃ lower than the average air temperature in the western compartment of the solar greenhouse.Construction of brick wall at the bottom of the south side of the front roof in the solar greenhouse helped to increase the inner surface temperature of the front roof,with an average temperature rise of 6.2℃,and reduce the area of thermodynamic disfigurement,which only accounted for 2.6%of the total front roof in the western compartment.The average surface temperature of thermodynamic disfigurements mainly caused by the entry and exit door in the wall of the eastern compartment was only 9.8℃,which was lower 3.2℃ than the average temperature of non-thermodynamic disfigurement of the wall.Thermodynamic disfigurement helped to increase heat loss.The weighted average proportion of thermodynamic disfigurement in the western compartment was 2.1%,while that of thermodynamic disfigurement in the eastern compartment was 10.7%.The thermal insulation performance of the western compartment envelope in the solar greenhouse was better than that of the eastern compartment envelope.
