A new crosslinked polymer,called P65,with appropriate photo-electrochemical,opto-electronic,and thermal properties,has been designed and synthesized as an efficient,dopant-free,hole-transport material(HTM)for n-i-p ty...A new crosslinked polymer,called P65,with appropriate photo-electrochemical,opto-electronic,and thermal properties,has been designed and synthesized as an efficient,dopant-free,hole-transport material(HTM)for n-i-p type planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs).P65 is obtained from a low-cost and easily synthesized spiro[fluorene-9,90-xanthene]-30,60-diol(SFX-OH)-based monomer X65 through a freeradical polymerization reaction.The combination of a three-dimensional(3 D)SFX core unit,holetransport methoxydiphenylamine group,and crosslinked polyvinyl network provides P65 with good solubility and excellent film-forming properties.By employing P65 as a dopant-free hole-transport layer in conventional n-i-p type PSCs,a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of up to 17.7%is achieved.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time a 3 D,crosslinked,polymeric dopant-free HTM has been reported for use in conventional n-i-p type PSCs.This study provides a new strategy for the future development of a 3 D crosslinked polymeric dopant-free HTM with a simple synthetic route and low-cost for commercial,large-scale applications in future PSCs.展开更多
In order to improve the efficiency and stability of inverted three-dimensional(3D) or quasi-2D perovskite solar cells(PSCs) for future commercialization, exploring high efficient dopant-free polymer holetransporting m...In order to improve the efficiency and stability of inverted three-dimensional(3D) or quasi-2D perovskite solar cells(PSCs) for future commercialization, exploring high efficient dopant-free polymer holetransporting materials(HTMs) is still desired and meaningful. One simple and efficient way to achieve high performance dopant-free HTMs is to synthesize novel non-conjugated side-chain polymers via rational molecular design. In this work, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine(FMeNPh) groups are introduced into the poly(N-vinylcarbazole)(PVK) side chains to afford two nonconjugated polymers PVCz-DFMeNPh and PVCz-FMeNPh as dopant-free HTMs in inverted quasi-2D PSCs. Benefited from the flexible properties of polyethylene backbone and excellent optoelectronic natures of FMeNPh side-chain groups, PVCz-DFMeNPh with more FMeNPh units exhibited excellent thermal stability, well-matched energy levels and improved charge mobility as compared to PTAA and PVCzFMeNPh. Moreover, the morphologies investigation of quasi-2D perovskite on PVCz-DFMeNPh shows more compact and homogeneous perovskite films than those on PTAA and PVCz-FMeNPh. As a result,the dopant-free PVCz-DFMeNPh based inverted quasi-2D PSCs deliver power conversion efficiency(PCE) up to 18.44% as well as negligible hysteresis and favorable long-term stability, which represents as excellent performance reported to date for inverted quasi-2D PSCs. The results demonstrate the great potentials of constructing non-conjugated side-chain polymer HTMs based on phenylfluorenamine-func tionalized PVK for the development of high efficient and stable inverted 3D or quasi-2D PSCs.展开更多
Hole-transporting material(HTM)plays a paramount role in enhancing the photovltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Currently,the vast majority of these HTMs employed in PSCs are organic small molecules and...Hole-transporting material(HTM)plays a paramount role in enhancing the photovltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Currently,the vast majority of these HTMs employed in PSCs are organic small molecules and polymers,yet the use of organic metal complexes in PSCs applications remains less explored.To date,most of reported HTMs require additional chemical additives(e.g.Li-TFSI,t-TBP)towards high performance,however,the introduction of additives decrease the PSCs device stability.Herein,an organic metal complex(Ni-TPA)is first developed as a dopant-free HTM applied in PSCs for its facile synthesis and efficient hole extract/transfer ability.Consequently,the dopant-free Ni-TPAbased device achieves a champion efficiency of 17.89%,which is superior to that of pristine Spiro-OMeTAD(14.25%).Furthermore,we introduce a double HTM layer with a graded energy bandgap containing a Ni-TPA layer and a CuSCN layer into PSCs,the non-encapsulated PSCs based on the Ni-TPA/CuSCN layers affords impressive efficiency up to 20.39%and maintains 96%of the initial PCE after 1000 h at a relative humidity around 40%.The results have demonstrated that metal organic complexes represent a great promise for designing new dopant-free HTMs towards highly stable PSCs.展开更多
Four organic smallmolecule hole transport materials(D41, D42,D43 and D44) of tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles were prepared. They can be used without doping in the manufacture of the inverted planar perovskite solar ce...Four organic smallmolecule hole transport materials(D41, D42,D43 and D44) of tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles were prepared. They can be used without doping in the manufacture of the inverted planar perovskite solar cells. Tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles are accessible for one-pot synthesis.D42, D43 and D44 possess acceptor-π-donor-π-acceptor structure, on which the aryl bearing substitutes of cyan, fluorine and trifluoromethyl, respectively. Instead, the aryl moiety of D41 is in presence of methyl with a donor-π-donor-π-donor structure. The different substitutes significantly affected their molecular surface charge distribution and thin-film morphology, attributing to the electron-rich properties of fused pyrrole ring. The size of perovskite crystalline growth particles is affected by different molecular structures,and the electron-withdrawing cyan group of D42 is most conducive to the formation of large perovskite grains. The D42 fabricated devices with power conversion efficiency of17.3% and retained 55% of the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency after 22 days in dark condition. The pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole is efficient electron-donating moiety for hole transporting materials to form good substrate in producing perovskite thin film.展开更多
It has been widely recognized that hole transporting materials(HTMs)play a key role in the rapid progress of perovskite solar cells(PVSCs).However,common organic HTMs such as spiro-OMe TAD not only suffer from high sy...It has been widely recognized that hole transporting materials(HTMs)play a key role in the rapid progress of perovskite solar cells(PVSCs).However,common organic HTMs such as spiro-OMe TAD not only suffer from high synthetic costs,but also usually require the additional chemical doping process to improve their hole transport ability,which unfortunately induces the terrible stability issue.Therefore,it is urgent to develop low-cost dopant-free HTMs for efficient and stable PVSCs.In this work,we have successfully developed a new class of efficient dopant-free fluoranthene-based HTMs(TPF1–5)with quite low lab synthetic costs by combining donor-acceptor and branched structure designs.The detailed structure-property study revealed that tuning the twisted arms at different substitution sites would regulate the intermolecular interactions and film-forming ability,thereby significantly affecting the performance of the HTMs.By applying these HTMs in conventional PVSCs,the dopant-free TPF1-based devices not only achieved the best efficiency of 21.76%,which is comparable to that of the doped spiro-OMeTAD control devices,but also showed much better operational stability,which maintained over 87%of the initial efficiency under maximum power point tracking after 1038 h.展开更多
As the third generation new battery,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of metal halide perovskite solar cells(PsCs)has increased from 3.8%in 2009 to 25.8%currently certified,which fully shows that they have great res...As the third generation new battery,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of metal halide perovskite solar cells(PsCs)has increased from 3.8%in 2009 to 25.8%currently certified,which fully shows that they have great research value and development prospect.As one of the main components of high-efficiency PSCs,hole transport materials(HTMs)play an important role in extracting and transporting holes and inhibiting charge recombination.However,commonly used HTMs require doping,and the hygroscopicity and corrosiveness of the dopants will destroy the stability of PsCs and hinder their commercialization.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop dopant-free HTMs.展开更多
Developing dopant-free hole-transporting materials(HTMs)for high-performance perovskite solar cells(PVSCs)has been a very active research topic in recent years since HTMs play a critical role in optimizing interfacial...Developing dopant-free hole-transporting materials(HTMs)for high-performance perovskite solar cells(PVSCs)has been a very active research topic in recent years since HTMs play a critical role in optimizing interfacial charge carrier kinetics and in turn determining device performance.Here,a novel dendritic engineering strategy is first utilized to design HTMs with a D-A type molecular framework,and diphenylamine and/or carbazole is selected as the building block for constructing dendrons.All HTMs show good thermal stability and excellent film morphology,and the key optoelectronic properties could be fine-tuned by varying the dendron structure.Among them,MPA-Cz-BTI and MCz-Cz-BTI exhibit an improved interfacial contact with the perovskite active layer,and non-radiative recombination loss and charge transport loss can be effectively suppressed.Consequently,high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of 20.8%and 21.35%are achieved for MPA-Cz-BTI and MCz-Cz-BTI based devices,respectively,accompanied by excellent long-term storage stability.More encouragingly,ultrahigh fill factors of 85.2%and 83.5%are recorded for both devices,which are among the highest values reported to date.This work demonstrates the great potential of dendritic materials as a new type of dopant-free HTMs for high-performance PVSCs with excellent FF.展开更多
Although many dopant-free hole transport materials(HTMs)for perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been investigated in the literature,novel and useful molecular designs for high-performance HTMs are still needed.In this wo...Although many dopant-free hole transport materials(HTMs)for perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been investigated in the literature,novel and useful molecular designs for high-performance HTMs are still needed.In this work,a hydrogen-bonding association system(NH⋯CO)between amide and carbonyl is introduced into the pure HTM layer.展开更多
Continuous success has been achieved for solution-processed inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells（PVSCs） in the past several years, in which organic charge transporting materials play an important role. At...Continuous success has been achieved for solution-processed inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells（PVSCs） in the past several years, in which organic charge transporting materials play an important role. At present, most of the commonly used hole-transporting materials（HTMs） such as spiro-OMeTAD derivatives for PVSCs require additional chemical doping process to ensure sufficient conductivity and shift the Fermi level towards the HOMO level for efficient hole transport and collection. However, this doping process not only increases the complexity and cost of device fabrication, but also decreases the device stability. Thus development of efficient dopant-free HTMs for PVSCs is highly desirable and remains as a major challenge in this field. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in the molecular design of dopant-free HTMs for PVSCs.展开更多
钙钛矿太阳能电池(perovskite solar cells,PVSCs)因长期稳定性差和制造成本高难以实现工业化生产。其制备中最常用的空穴传输材料(hole-transporting materials,HTMs)为2,2′,7,7′-四[N,N-二(4-甲氧基苯基)氨基]-9,9′-螺二芴,需一定...钙钛矿太阳能电池(perovskite solar cells,PVSCs)因长期稳定性差和制造成本高难以实现工业化生产。其制备中最常用的空穴传输材料(hole-transporting materials,HTMs)为2,2′,7,7′-四[N,N-二(4-甲氧基苯基)氨基]-9,9′-螺二芴,需一定量吸湿添加剂以实现高效的空穴提取,导致对水敏感的钙钛矿层受到破坏。无掺杂HTMs避免了吸湿添加剂的使用,且成本低、合成步骤简单。综述了应用于n-i-p型PVSCs的YT5、M7-TFSI、P3HT、PBDB-Cz等高效率无掺杂有机小分子以及聚合物HTMs,提出了理想HTMs在器件性能、分子结构、合成条件、经济成本等方面的设计原则,并展望了无掺杂HTMs在PVSCs商业化过程中的应用前景。展开更多
以BaCO_3,Na_2CO_3,TiO_2,Bi_2O_3,Y_2O_3,Nb_2O_5,La_2O_3为原材料,在氩气气氛中采取固相反应法合成新型高温无铅(95-x)mol%BaTiO_3-xmol%Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_3-5mol%CaTiO_3((95-x)BT-x BNT-5CT,x=8,15)PTCR(Positive Temperature Co...以BaCO_3,Na_2CO_3,TiO_2,Bi_2O_3,Y_2O_3,Nb_2O_5,La_2O_3为原材料,在氩气气氛中采取固相反应法合成新型高温无铅(95-x)mol%BaTiO_3-xmol%Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_3-5mol%CaTiO_3((95-x)BT-x BNT-5CT,x=8,15)PTCR(Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistance)陶瓷。研究不同施主(La,Y,Nb)掺杂对高温无铅(95-x)BT-x BNT-5CT材料的PTCR电学性能的影响。实验结果表明不同施主掺杂的BT-BNT-CT样品都有明显的正温度系数电阻效应,即PTC效应,其中Y和Nb掺杂的样品的整体性能最好。同时还研究了BNT含量分别为8%和15%对材料电学性能和居里温度的影响,实验结果得出,BNT的含量越高,材料的居里温度越高,但材料的半导化越困难。展开更多
基金the support of the Swedish Energy Agency and Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research(SSF)for their financial supportthe China Scholarship Council(CSC)for its financial support。
文摘A new crosslinked polymer,called P65,with appropriate photo-electrochemical,opto-electronic,and thermal properties,has been designed and synthesized as an efficient,dopant-free,hole-transport material(HTM)for n-i-p type planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs).P65 is obtained from a low-cost and easily synthesized spiro[fluorene-9,90-xanthene]-30,60-diol(SFX-OH)-based monomer X65 through a freeradical polymerization reaction.The combination of a three-dimensional(3 D)SFX core unit,holetransport methoxydiphenylamine group,and crosslinked polyvinyl network provides P65 with good solubility and excellent film-forming properties.By employing P65 as a dopant-free hole-transport layer in conventional n-i-p type PSCs,a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of up to 17.7%is achieved.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time a 3 D,crosslinked,polymeric dopant-free HTM has been reported for use in conventional n-i-p type PSCs.This study provides a new strategy for the future development of a 3 D crosslinked polymeric dopant-free HTM with a simple synthetic route and low-cost for commercial,large-scale applications in future PSCs.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB0406704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61974066, 61725502, 61634001)+3 种基金the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91733302)the fund for Talented of Nanjing Tech University (201983)the Major Program of Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (18KJA510002)the Synergetic Innovation Center for Organic Electronics and Information Displays。
文摘In order to improve the efficiency and stability of inverted three-dimensional(3D) or quasi-2D perovskite solar cells(PSCs) for future commercialization, exploring high efficient dopant-free polymer holetransporting materials(HTMs) is still desired and meaningful. One simple and efficient way to achieve high performance dopant-free HTMs is to synthesize novel non-conjugated side-chain polymers via rational molecular design. In this work, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine(FMeNPh) groups are introduced into the poly(N-vinylcarbazole)(PVK) side chains to afford two nonconjugated polymers PVCz-DFMeNPh and PVCz-FMeNPh as dopant-free HTMs in inverted quasi-2D PSCs. Benefited from the flexible properties of polyethylene backbone and excellent optoelectronic natures of FMeNPh side-chain groups, PVCz-DFMeNPh with more FMeNPh units exhibited excellent thermal stability, well-matched energy levels and improved charge mobility as compared to PTAA and PVCzFMeNPh. Moreover, the morphologies investigation of quasi-2D perovskite on PVCz-DFMeNPh shows more compact and homogeneous perovskite films than those on PTAA and PVCz-FMeNPh. As a result,the dopant-free PVCz-DFMeNPh based inverted quasi-2D PSCs deliver power conversion efficiency(PCE) up to 18.44% as well as negligible hysteresis and favorable long-term stability, which represents as excellent performance reported to date for inverted quasi-2D PSCs. The results demonstrate the great potentials of constructing non-conjugated side-chain polymer HTMs based on phenylfluorenamine-func tionalized PVK for the development of high efficient and stable inverted 3D or quasi-2D PSCs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22065038)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan(KC10110419)+4 种基金the High-Level Talents Introduction in Yunnan Province(C619300A010)the Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of Yunnan(K264202006820)the Program for Excellent Young Talents of Yunnan University and Major Science(C176220200)the International Joint Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials of Yunnan Province(202003AE140001)the Technology Project of Precious Metal Materials Genetic Engineering in Yunnan Province(No.2019Z E001-1202002AB080001)for financial support。
文摘Hole-transporting material(HTM)plays a paramount role in enhancing the photovltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Currently,the vast majority of these HTMs employed in PSCs are organic small molecules and polymers,yet the use of organic metal complexes in PSCs applications remains less explored.To date,most of reported HTMs require additional chemical additives(e.g.Li-TFSI,t-TBP)towards high performance,however,the introduction of additives decrease the PSCs device stability.Herein,an organic metal complex(Ni-TPA)is first developed as a dopant-free HTM applied in PSCs for its facile synthesis and efficient hole extract/transfer ability.Consequently,the dopant-free Ni-TPAbased device achieves a champion efficiency of 17.89%,which is superior to that of pristine Spiro-OMeTAD(14.25%).Furthermore,we introduce a double HTM layer with a graded energy bandgap containing a Ni-TPA layer and a CuSCN layer into PSCs,the non-encapsulated PSCs based on the Ni-TPA/CuSCN layers affords impressive efficiency up to 20.39%and maintains 96%of the initial PCE after 1000 h at a relative humidity around 40%.The results have demonstrated that metal organic complexes represent a great promise for designing new dopant-free HTMs towards highly stable PSCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(No.21671148)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(18JCZDJC97000).
文摘Four organic smallmolecule hole transport materials(D41, D42,D43 and D44) of tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles were prepared. They can be used without doping in the manufacture of the inverted planar perovskite solar cells. Tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles are accessible for one-pot synthesis.D42, D43 and D44 possess acceptor-π-donor-π-acceptor structure, on which the aryl bearing substitutes of cyan, fluorine and trifluoromethyl, respectively. Instead, the aryl moiety of D41 is in presence of methyl with a donor-π-donor-π-donor structure. The different substitutes significantly affected their molecular surface charge distribution and thin-film morphology, attributing to the electron-rich properties of fused pyrrole ring. The size of perovskite crystalline growth particles is affected by different molecular structures,and the electron-withdrawing cyan group of D42 is most conducive to the formation of large perovskite grains. The D42 fabricated devices with power conversion efficiency of17.3% and retained 55% of the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency after 22 days in dark condition. The pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole is efficient electron-donating moiety for hole transporting materials to form good substrate in producing perovskite thin film.
基金supported by National Key Research&Development Program of China(No.2023YFE0210900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21975085)+1 种基金Excellent Youth Foundation of Hubei Scientific Committee(No.2021CFA065)open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure(No.2023MCF02)。
文摘It has been widely recognized that hole transporting materials(HTMs)play a key role in the rapid progress of perovskite solar cells(PVSCs).However,common organic HTMs such as spiro-OMe TAD not only suffer from high synthetic costs,but also usually require the additional chemical doping process to improve their hole transport ability,which unfortunately induces the terrible stability issue.Therefore,it is urgent to develop low-cost dopant-free HTMs for efficient and stable PVSCs.In this work,we have successfully developed a new class of efficient dopant-free fluoranthene-based HTMs(TPF1–5)with quite low lab synthetic costs by combining donor-acceptor and branched structure designs.The detailed structure-property study revealed that tuning the twisted arms at different substitution sites would regulate the intermolecular interactions and film-forming ability,thereby significantly affecting the performance of the HTMs.By applying these HTMs in conventional PVSCs,the dopant-free TPF1-based devices not only achieved the best efficiency of 21.76%,which is comparable to that of the doped spiro-OMeTAD control devices,but also showed much better operational stability,which maintained over 87%of the initial efficiency under maximum power point tracking after 1038 h.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51763013 and U20A20128)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20224ACB213002)+1 种基金the Foundation of Jiangxi Educational Committee(No.GJJ200301)Jiangxi Provincial High-level and High-skilled Leading Talents Project.
文摘As the third generation new battery,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of metal halide perovskite solar cells(PsCs)has increased from 3.8%in 2009 to 25.8%currently certified,which fully shows that they have great research value and development prospect.As one of the main components of high-efficiency PSCs,hole transport materials(HTMs)play an important role in extracting and transporting holes and inhibiting charge recombination.However,commonly used HTMs require doping,and the hygroscopicity and corrosiveness of the dopants will destroy the stability of PsCs and hinder their commercialization.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop dopant-free HTMs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21805128,21774055,61775091)Shenzhen Key Laboratory Project(ZDSYS201602261933302)+2 种基金Shenzhen Innovation Committee(JCYJ20180504165851864)Shenzhen Innovation Committee(JCYJ20170818141216288)the Seed Funding for Strategic Interdisciplinary Research Scheme of the University of Hong Kong。
文摘Developing dopant-free hole-transporting materials(HTMs)for high-performance perovskite solar cells(PVSCs)has been a very active research topic in recent years since HTMs play a critical role in optimizing interfacial charge carrier kinetics and in turn determining device performance.Here,a novel dendritic engineering strategy is first utilized to design HTMs with a D-A type molecular framework,and diphenylamine and/or carbazole is selected as the building block for constructing dendrons.All HTMs show good thermal stability and excellent film morphology,and the key optoelectronic properties could be fine-tuned by varying the dendron structure.Among them,MPA-Cz-BTI and MCz-Cz-BTI exhibit an improved interfacial contact with the perovskite active layer,and non-radiative recombination loss and charge transport loss can be effectively suppressed.Consequently,high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of 20.8%and 21.35%are achieved for MPA-Cz-BTI and MCz-Cz-BTI based devices,respectively,accompanied by excellent long-term storage stability.More encouragingly,ultrahigh fill factors of 85.2%and 83.5%are recorded for both devices,which are among the highest values reported to date.This work demonstrates the great potential of dendritic materials as a new type of dopant-free HTMs for high-performance PVSCs with excellent FF.
基金from the Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.21805151)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(grant no.ZR2018MB024)and the Young Taishan Scholars(grant nos.201909120 and 201909121).M.L.acknowledges the Finnish Cultural Foundation(no.00210670)for funding.P.V.thanks the Jane and Aatos Erkko foundation(project ASPIRE)for financial support.This work is part of the Academy of Finland Flagship Programme,Photonics Research and Innovation(PREIN),Decision No.320165.
文摘Although many dopant-free hole transport materials(HTMs)for perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been investigated in the literature,novel and useful molecular designs for high-performance HTMs are still needed.In this work,a hydrogen-bonding association system(NH⋯CO)between amide and carbonyl is introduced into the pure HTM layer.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 21704030, 21602115)the financial support from the National 1000 Young Talents Program hosted by Chinathe independent innovation research funding from HUST
文摘Continuous success has been achieved for solution-processed inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells（PVSCs） in the past several years, in which organic charge transporting materials play an important role. At present, most of the commonly used hole-transporting materials（HTMs） such as spiro-OMeTAD derivatives for PVSCs require additional chemical doping process to ensure sufficient conductivity and shift the Fermi level towards the HOMO level for efficient hole transport and collection. However, this doping process not only increases the complexity and cost of device fabrication, but also decreases the device stability. Thus development of efficient dopant-free HTMs for PVSCs is highly desirable and remains as a major challenge in this field. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in the molecular design of dopant-free HTMs for PVSCs.
文摘钙钛矿太阳能电池(perovskite solar cells,PVSCs)因长期稳定性差和制造成本高难以实现工业化生产。其制备中最常用的空穴传输材料(hole-transporting materials,HTMs)为2,2′,7,7′-四[N,N-二(4-甲氧基苯基)氨基]-9,9′-螺二芴,需一定量吸湿添加剂以实现高效的空穴提取,导致对水敏感的钙钛矿层受到破坏。无掺杂HTMs避免了吸湿添加剂的使用,且成本低、合成步骤简单。综述了应用于n-i-p型PVSCs的YT5、M7-TFSI、P3HT、PBDB-Cz等高效率无掺杂有机小分子以及聚合物HTMs,提出了理想HTMs在器件性能、分子结构、合成条件、经济成本等方面的设计原则,并展望了无掺杂HTMs在PVSCs商业化过程中的应用前景。
文摘以BaCO_3,Na_2CO_3,TiO_2,Bi_2O_3,Y_2O_3,Nb_2O_5,La_2O_3为原材料,在氩气气氛中采取固相反应法合成新型高温无铅(95-x)mol%BaTiO_3-xmol%Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_3-5mol%CaTiO_3((95-x)BT-x BNT-5CT,x=8,15)PTCR(Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistance)陶瓷。研究不同施主(La,Y,Nb)掺杂对高温无铅(95-x)BT-x BNT-5CT材料的PTCR电学性能的影响。实验结果表明不同施主掺杂的BT-BNT-CT样品都有明显的正温度系数电阻效应,即PTC效应,其中Y和Nb掺杂的样品的整体性能最好。同时还研究了BNT含量分别为8%和15%对材料电学性能和居里温度的影响,实验结果得出,BNT的含量越高,材料的居里温度越高,但材料的半导化越困难。
