In this work,semirigid linkers of the alkyl-thiophene-alkyl structure are developed to construct double-cable polymers.Three alkyl units,propyl(C3H6),hexyl(C6H12),and dodecyl(C12H24),are applied as semirigid linkers,y...In this work,semirigid linkers of the alkyl-thiophene-alkyl structure are developed to construct double-cable polymers.Three alkyl units,propyl(C3H6),hexyl(C6H12),and dodecyl(C12H24),are applied as semirigid linkers,yielding three double-cable polymers:PBC6-T,PBC12-T,and PBC24-T,respectively.PBC12-T which uses C6H12-thiophene-C6H12 linkers is found to exhibit the best device efficiency of 5.56%,while PBC6-T and PBC24-T with shorter or longer linkers yield device efficiencies of only 2.65%and 1.09%in single-component organic solar cells(SCOSCs).Further studies reveal that PBC12-T exhibits higher crystallinity and improved charge transport,resulting in better efficiencies.Our work provides an approach to construct double-cable conjugated polymers with long alkyl linkers,and it shows the importance of the linker length for the photovoltaic performance of SCOSCs.展开更多
The photovoltaic properties of double-cable conjugated polymers are significantly influenced by the length of the alkyl linkers that connect donor backbones and acceptor side units. In this study, a series of 2-(3-oxo...The photovoltaic properties of double-cable conjugated polymers are significantly influenced by the length of the alkyl linkers that connect donor backbones and acceptor side units. In this study, a series of 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile(IC)-based double-cable polymers with alkyl linkers ranging from C_8H_(16)to C_(16)H_(32)(Px, x = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) were synthesized for single-component organic solar cells(SCOSCs). Among these, the linker length x = 12(P12) is found to optimize the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) in SCOSCs. Specifically, PCEs increase from P8 to P12 and then decline from P12to P16. Detailed investigations of optical absorption, charge transport, and morphology provide insights into the underlying factors contributing to these PCE variations. The findings indicate that the exceptional photovoltaic properties observed in P12 can be attributed to three key factors: A delicate balance between enhanced charge separation facilitated by the increased spacer length and reduced crystallinity resulting from longer spacers, higher charge mobilities, and well-balanced hole/electron transport characteristics. This study highlights the critical role of linker length in determining the photovoltaic properties of double-cable conjugated polymer-based SCOSCs and offers valuable guidance for the design of novel double-cable conjugated polymers.展开更多
The recently emerged double-cable conjugated polymers have come into focus due to their significantly improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs). In this work, the e...The recently emerged double-cable conjugated polymers have come into focus due to their significantly improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs). In this work, the effect of chlorination in double-cable conjugated polymers with linear benzodithiophene backbone and pendant perylene bisimide on the photovoltaic performance in SCOSCs has been studied. After introducing chlorine atoms into conjugated side chains, the highest occupied molecular orbital level of the conjugated polymers is down-shifted, thus resulting in a higher open-circuit voltage. As a result, the chlorinated double-cable conjugated polymer exhibits improved photovoltaic performance from 3.46% to 3.57%.展开更多
Single-component organic solar cells(SCOSCs)with high stability and simplified fabrication process are supposed to accelerate the commercialization of organic photovoltaics.However,the types of photo-active materials ...Single-component organic solar cells(SCOSCs)with high stability and simplified fabrication process are supposed to accelerate the commercialization of organic photovoltaics.However,the types of photo-active materials and photovoltaic performance of SCOSCs are still far lagging behind the bulk-heterojunction type organic solar cells(BHJ OSCs).It is still an arduous task to introduce new photo-active materials into SCOSCs,aiming to improve the efficiencies of SCOSCs.One feasible way is to construct double-cable polymers with new structures and tune conformation,morphology and mobility for the improvement in power conversion efficiencies(PCEs).Hence,in this work,we constructed a new double-cable polymer PBTT-BPTI by introducing fused core 5,7-dibromo-2,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-c’]dithiophene-4,8-dione(TTDO)into the main backbone and benzo[ghi]-perylene triimide(BPTI)unit into the side chain.Both of the two units show strong electron-withdrawing property,which are expected to broaden absorption spectra and enhance intermolecular interaction.The double-cable polymer exhibited a broad absorption in the range of 300-700 nm with an optical band gap(E_(g))of 1.79 eV.The PCE of PBTT-BPTI-based SCOSCs was 2.15%,which may be limited by the unconstructed efficient electron transporting channels.展开更多
In this work,the“functionalization-polymerization”(FP)method has been used to construct fullerene-contained double-cable conjugated polymers with“donor-acceptor”backbones.It was realized via synthesizing a fullere...In this work,the“functionalization-polymerization”(FP)method has been used to construct fullerene-contained double-cable conjugated polymers with“donor-acceptor”backbones.It was realized via synthesizing a fullerene-contained monomer and performing Stille polymerization.With this method,a series of double-cable conjugated polymers with different fullerene contents were developed and applied into single-component organic solar cells.The power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)based on these polymers increased from 0.71%to 1.71%with the enhanced fullerene contents.The relatively low PCEs might be originated from the poor microstructure in these polymers.These new conjugated polymers with molecular heterojunction would show potential application in organic electronic devices.展开更多
This paper proposes a highly sensitive,compact,and low-cost optical fiber salinity sensor based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.The sensor is constructed using a single mode fiber(SMF)-no-core fiber-double-C fiber(...This paper proposes a highly sensitive,compact,and low-cost optical fiber salinity sensor based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.The sensor is constructed using a single mode fiber(SMF)-no-core fiber-double-C fiber(DCF)-NCF-SMF structure,with the DCF prepared by etching the dual side-hole fiber with HF acid.The DCF’s large-size exposed microfluidic channels solve the previous microstructured optical fiber’s challenging liquid filling and replacement problems.Theoretical simulations and experiments demonstrate that the sensor is suitable for high-sensitivity salinity measurement.The sensor exhibits a high salinity sensitivity of-2.26 nm/‰ in the salinity range of 10‰-50‰,as demonstrated by the experimental results.Additionally,the sensor exhibits some fascinating characteristics,including high repeatability,hysteresis,reversibility,and stability.展开更多
A double-cable conjugated polymer DCPIC-BO is designed via introducing a long-branched alkyl chains 2-buthyloctyl into the acceptor side unit.Compared with the double-cable polymer(DCPIC-EH)with the 2-ethylhexyl alkyl...A double-cable conjugated polymer DCPIC-BO is designed via introducing a long-branched alkyl chains 2-buthyloctyl into the acceptor side unit.Compared with the double-cable polymer(DCPIC-EH)with the 2-ethylhexyl alkyl chains,the solubility of the DCPIC-BO in non-halogen solvents is substantially improved.Therefore,a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 9.77%can be obtained by the devices processed from o-xylene at 40℃,while the DCPIC-EH cannot be processed due to its poor solubility under this condition.Moreover,PCEs of 10.10%for small-area(0.04 cm^(2))devices and nearly 9%for devices with an area of 1 cm^(2) are achieved using a non-halogenated solid additive in o-xylene,realizing the"absolutely halogen-free"OSC fabrication.展开更多
Three "double-cable" conjugated polymers with thienopyrroledione-based backbone and perylene bisimide as side units were designed as electron acceptor for polymer-polymer solar cells. The polymers show broad...Three "double-cable" conjugated polymers with thienopyrroledione-based backbone and perylene bisimide as side units were designed as electron acceptor for polymer-polymer solar cells. The polymers show broad absorption spectra and low-lying frontier energy levels due to both aromatic backbone and side units. The new double-cable polymers can be used as electron acceptor to combine with several electron donors, in which power conversion efficiencies above 3% could be achieved.展开更多
基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.JQ21006)the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2018YFA0208504)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.92163128,52073016,21905018)of Chinathe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.buctrc201828,XK1802-2)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites(No.oic-202201006)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials(No.sklssm202209).
文摘In this work,semirigid linkers of the alkyl-thiophene-alkyl structure are developed to construct double-cable polymers.Three alkyl units,propyl(C3H6),hexyl(C6H12),and dodecyl(C12H24),are applied as semirigid linkers,yielding three double-cable polymers:PBC6-T,PBC12-T,and PBC24-T,respectively.PBC12-T which uses C6H12-thiophene-C6H12 linkers is found to exhibit the best device efficiency of 5.56%,while PBC6-T and PBC24-T with shorter or longer linkers yield device efficiencies of only 2.65%and 1.09%in single-component organic solar cells(SCOSCs).Further studies reveal that PBC12-T exhibits higher crystallinity and improved charge transport,resulting in better efficiencies.Our work provides an approach to construct double-cable conjugated polymers with long alkyl linkers,and it shows the importance of the linker length for the photovoltaic performance of SCOSCs.
基金jointly supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Nos.2212045 and JQ21006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21905158, 52073016 and 92163128)+2 种基金further supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.buctrc202111, buctrc201828, and XK1802-2)the Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (No.oic-202201006)Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology (Nos.20202ACBL213004, 20212BCJ23035, jxsq2019102004)。
文摘The photovoltaic properties of double-cable conjugated polymers are significantly influenced by the length of the alkyl linkers that connect donor backbones and acceptor side units. In this study, a series of 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile(IC)-based double-cable polymers with alkyl linkers ranging from C_8H_(16)to C_(16)H_(32)(Px, x = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) were synthesized for single-component organic solar cells(SCOSCs). Among these, the linker length x = 12(P12) is found to optimize the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) in SCOSCs. Specifically, PCEs increase from P8 to P12 and then decline from P12to P16. Detailed investigations of optical absorption, charge transport, and morphology provide insights into the underlying factors contributing to these PCE variations. The findings indicate that the exceptional photovoltaic properties observed in P12 can be attributed to three key factors: A delicate balance between enhanced charge separation facilitated by the increased spacer length and reduced crystallinity resulting from longer spacers, higher charge mobilities, and well-balanced hole/electron transport characteristics. This study highlights the critical role of linker length in determining the photovoltaic properties of double-cable conjugated polymer-based SCOSCs and offers valuable guidance for the design of novel double-cable conjugated polymers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51973169,51703172 and 52073016)the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(No.2020WNLOKF015)the science foundation of Wuhan Institute of Technology(No.K202025).
文摘The recently emerged double-cable conjugated polymers have come into focus due to their significantly improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs). In this work, the effect of chlorination in double-cable conjugated polymers with linear benzodithiophene backbone and pendant perylene bisimide on the photovoltaic performance in SCOSCs has been studied. After introducing chlorine atoms into conjugated side chains, the highest occupied molecular orbital level of the conjugated polymers is down-shifted, thus resulting in a higher open-circuit voltage. As a result, the chlorinated double-cable conjugated polymer exhibits improved photovoltaic performance from 3.46% to 3.57%.
基金jointly supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2018YFA0208504,2017YFA0204702)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51773207,21574138,21905018)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2020201032)further supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.XK1802-2)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials(No.sklssm202043)。
文摘Single-component organic solar cells(SCOSCs)with high stability and simplified fabrication process are supposed to accelerate the commercialization of organic photovoltaics.However,the types of photo-active materials and photovoltaic performance of SCOSCs are still far lagging behind the bulk-heterojunction type organic solar cells(BHJ OSCs).It is still an arduous task to introduce new photo-active materials into SCOSCs,aiming to improve the efficiencies of SCOSCs.One feasible way is to construct double-cable polymers with new structures and tune conformation,morphology and mobility for the improvement in power conversion efficiencies(PCEs).Hence,in this work,we constructed a new double-cable polymer PBTT-BPTI by introducing fused core 5,7-dibromo-2,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-c’]dithiophene-4,8-dione(TTDO)into the main backbone and benzo[ghi]-perylene triimide(BPTI)unit into the side chain.Both of the two units show strong electron-withdrawing property,which are expected to broaden absorption spectra and enhance intermolecular interaction.The double-cable polymer exhibited a broad absorption in the range of 300-700 nm with an optical band gap(E_(g))of 1.79 eV.The PCE of PBTT-BPTI-based SCOSCs was 2.15%,which may be limited by the unconstructed efficient electron transporting channels.
基金This study was financially supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China.(No.JQ21006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92163128,52073016,51773207,21905018 and 21905158)of China+2 种基金This work was further financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.buctrc201828 and XK1802-2)the opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites,Beijing University of Chemical Technology(No.oic-202201006)Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.20192ACB20009).
文摘In this work,the“functionalization-polymerization”(FP)method has been used to construct fullerene-contained double-cable conjugated polymers with“donor-acceptor”backbones.It was realized via synthesizing a fullerene-contained monomer and performing Stille polymerization.With this method,a series of double-cable conjugated polymers with different fullerene contents were developed and applied into single-component organic solar cells.The power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)based on these polymers increased from 0.71%to 1.71%with the enhanced fullerene contents.The relatively low PCEs might be originated from the poor microstructure in these polymers.These new conjugated polymers with molecular heterojunction would show potential application in organic electronic devices.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.61933004 and 62075036)the National Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2020-YQ-04)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grants No.N2002019 and N2104019)the State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries(Grant No.2013ZCX09)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.F2020501040).
文摘This paper proposes a highly sensitive,compact,and low-cost optical fiber salinity sensor based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.The sensor is constructed using a single mode fiber(SMF)-no-core fiber-double-C fiber(DCF)-NCF-SMF structure,with the DCF prepared by etching the dual side-hole fiber with HF acid.The DCF’s large-size exposed microfluidic channels solve the previous microstructured optical fiber’s challenging liquid filling and replacement problems.Theoretical simulations and experiments demonstrate that the sensor is suitable for high-sensitivity salinity measurement.The sensor exhibits a high salinity sensitivity of-2.26 nm/‰ in the salinity range of 10‰-50‰,as demonstrated by the experimental results.Additionally,the sensor exhibits some fascinating characteristics,including high repeatability,hysteresis,reversibility,and stability.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.JQ21006 and 2212045)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.52073016 and 92163128)+1 种基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.buctrc202111,buctrc201828 and XK1802-2)the Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(No.oic-202201006).
文摘A double-cable conjugated polymer DCPIC-BO is designed via introducing a long-branched alkyl chains 2-buthyloctyl into the acceptor side unit.Compared with the double-cable polymer(DCPIC-EH)with the 2-ethylhexyl alkyl chains,the solubility of the DCPIC-BO in non-halogen solvents is substantially improved.Therefore,a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 9.77%can be obtained by the devices processed from o-xylene at 40℃,while the DCPIC-EH cannot be processed due to its poor solubility under this condition.Moreover,PCEs of 10.10%for small-area(0.04 cm^(2))devices and nearly 9%for devices with an area of 1 cm^(2) are achieved using a non-halogenated solid additive in o-xylene,realizing the"absolutely halogen-free"OSC fabrication.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0204702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773207,21574138,51603209,91633301)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB12030200)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Recruitment Program of Global Youth Experts of Chinathe Director,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,of the US Department of Energy(DE-AC02-05CH11231)
文摘Three "double-cable" conjugated polymers with thienopyrroledione-based backbone and perylene bisimide as side units were designed as electron acceptor for polymer-polymer solar cells. The polymers show broad absorption spectra and low-lying frontier energy levels due to both aromatic backbone and side units. The new double-cable polymers can be used as electron acceptor to combine with several electron donors, in which power conversion efficiencies above 3% could be achieved.
