Prolonged exposure to coal dust leads to various lung disorders, including incurable coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), and endangers miners’ health in underground mines. This article summarizes the latest research...Prolonged exposure to coal dust leads to various lung disorders, including incurable coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), and endangers miners’ health in underground mines. This article summarizes the latest research progress in dust control technology, including chemical dust suppressants, foam dust removal, ultrasonic atomization, magnetized water dust suppression, double curtains of wind and fog, biological nano-film, and emerging microbial dust suppressants in the field of dust. The actual application compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different dust removal technologies. The current three directions of mine dust prevention and control are pointed out: the prevention and control of respirable dust, hydrophobic dust, and secondary dust, and the prospects for future development trends. Given the treatment of respirable dust, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the dust generation mechanism under different working conditions and to explore the migration and settlement laws of respirable dust by constructing a numerical model of dust dynamics;for the treatment of hydrophobic dust, further research on the microphysical and chemical properties of coal dust is needed. The relationship between wettability and continuously optimizing the wetting agent;for the prevention and control of secondary dust in coal mines, emerging microbial dust suppression technologies need to be developed to explore the micro-action between microorganisms and coal dust molecules to achieve green prevention and control of dust.展开更多
The flame propagation processes of MgH_(2)dust clouds with four different particle sizes were recorded by a high-speed camera.The dynamic flame temperature distributions of MgH_(2)dust clouds were reconstructed by the...The flame propagation processes of MgH_(2)dust clouds with four different particle sizes were recorded by a high-speed camera.The dynamic flame temperature distributions of MgH_(2)dust clouds were reconstructed by the two-color pyrometer technique,and the chemical composition of solid combustion residues were analyzed.The experimental results showed that the average flame propagation velocities of 23μm,40μm,60μm and 103μm MgH_(2)dust clouds in the stable propagation stage were 3.7 m/s,2.8 m/s,2.1 m/s and 0.9 m/s,respectively.The dust clouds with smaller particle sizes had faster flame propagation velocity and stronger oscillation intensity,and their flame temperature distributions were more even and the temperature gradients were smaller.The flame structures of MgH_(2)dust clouds were significantly affected by the particle sinking velocity,and the combustion processes were accompanied by micro-explosion of particles.The falling velocities of 23μm and 40μm MgH_(2)particles were 2.24 cm/s and 6.71 cm/s,respectively.While the falling velocities of 60μm and 103μm MgH_(2)particles were as high as 15.07 cm/s and 44.42 cm/s,respectively,leading to a more rapid downward development and irregular shape of the flame.Furthermore,the dehydrogenation reaction had a significant effect on the combustion performance of MgH_(2)dust.The combustion of H_(2)enhanced the ignition and combustion characteristics of MgH_(2)dust,resulting in a much higher explosion power than the pure Mg dust.The micro-structure characteristics and combustion residues composition analysis of MgH_(2)dust indicated that the combustion control mechanism of MgH_(2)dust flame was mainly the heterogeneous reaction,which was affected by the dehydrogenation reaction.展开更多
Dust removal from pyrolytic vapors at high temperatures is an obstacle to the industrialization of the coal pyrolysis process.In this work,a granular bed with expanded perlites as filtration media was designed and int...Dust removal from pyrolytic vapors at high temperatures is an obstacle to the industrialization of the coal pyrolysis process.In this work,a granular bed with expanded perlites as filtration media was designed and integrated into a 10 t·d^(–1)coal pyrolysis facility.The testing results showed that around 97.56%dust collection efficiency was achieved.As a result,dust content in tar was significantly lowered.The pressure drop of the granular bed maintained in the range of 356 Pa to 489 Pa.The dust size in the effluent after filtration exhibited a bimodal distribution,which was attributed to the heterogeneity of the dust components.The effects of filtration bed on pyrolytic product yields were also discussed.A modified filtration model based on the macroscopic phenomenological theory was proposed to describe the performance of the granular bed.The computation results were well agreed with the experimental data.展开更多
The differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex and relies on clinical assessment,biomarker levels in cerebrospinal fluid,neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment.The efforts of the scientifi...The differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex and relies on clinical assessment,biomarker levels in cerebrospinal fluid,neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment.The efforts of the scientific community are focused on two aspects:a)the discovery of minimally invasive biomarkers;b)the discovery of early biomarkers that can predict the progression to clinical disease in the presymptomatic stage of a disease.Considering the impact of the number of patients affected by chronic neurodegenerative diseases on public health expenditures,early diagnosis seems to be a primary need of our society.展开更多
Cervical cancer(CC) epidemiology CC, the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide, is a major global health challenge, particularly in low-resource regions. Approximately 88.1% of the 604,000 CC ...Cervical cancer(CC) epidemiology CC, the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide, is a major global health challenge, particularly in low-resource regions. Approximately 88.1% of the 604,000 CC new cases occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020, and more than 90% of the 342,000 CC deaths occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020~1.展开更多
Objective: To explore the practice and application of infection prevention and control strategies in risk departments during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to formulate the infection prevention and control measures to pro...Objective: To explore the practice and application of infection prevention and control strategies in risk departments during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to formulate the infection prevention and control measures to provide advice and guidance in risk departments. Methods: According to the latest plan of diagnosis and treatment, prevention and control issued by the National Health Commission, expert advice and consensus, combined with the actual situation in our hospital, a series of infection prevention and control measures of COVID-19 in risk department was formulated. Results: During the epidemic period, the prevention and control measures of nine risk departments including emergency operation, anesthesiology, endoscopy center, blood purification center, otolaryngology, stomatology, medical imaging department, medical cosmetology department and pulmonary function room were established from six aspects, including pre-examination and screening, medical technology control, personnel management, personal protection, environmental disinfection, medical waste disposal, etc. Conclusion: During the epidemic period, the infection prevention and control strategy of risk departments is one of the key links to control the spread of the epidemic, and risk departments must pay attention to and strictly implement various infection prevention and control measures.展开更多
This paper introduces the method of coal dust treatment in crushing station and the present situation of dust removal system in typical open-pit coal mine crushing station in China,and expounds the research idea of de...This paper introduces the method of coal dust treatment in crushing station and the present situation of dust removal system in typical open-pit coal mine crushing station in China,and expounds the research idea of determining comprehensive dust removal(suppression)system in crushing station inspired by the working principle of"range hood".Based on the design example and link optimization of the crush-ing station of open-pit coal mine I of Thar coalfield,this paper finally draws some conclusions on the key technologies of dust removal(suppression)system of open-pit coal mine crushing station.This study has certain reference value for the technical innovation of dust removal(suppression)system in crushing station,the realization of green mining in"crushing link",and the reduction and avoidance of ecological environment pollution in mining area.展开更多
Given the increasing number of countries reporting degraded air quality,effective air quality monitoring has become a critical issue in today’s world.However,the current air quality observatory systems are often proh...Given the increasing number of countries reporting degraded air quality,effective air quality monitoring has become a critical issue in today’s world.However,the current air quality observatory systems are often prohibitively expensive,resulting in a lack of observatories in many regions within a country.Consequently,a significant problem arises where not every region receives the same level of air quality information.This disparity occurs because some locations have to rely on information from observatories located far away from their regions,even if they may be the closest available options.To address this challenge,a novel approach that leverages machine learning and deep learning techniques to forecast fine dust concentrations was proposed.Specifically,continuous location features in the form of latitude and longitude values were incorporated into our models.By utilizing a comprehensive dataset comprising weather conditions,air quality measurements,and location properties,various machine learning models,including Random Forest Regression,XGBoost Regression,AdaBoost Regression,and a deep learning model known as Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)were trained.Our experimental results demonstrated that the LSTM model outperforms the other models,achieving the best score with a root mean squared error of 23.48 in predicting fine dust(PM10)concentrations on an hourly basis.Furthermore,the fact that incorporating location properties,such as longitude and latitude values,enhances the overall quality of the regression models was discovered.Additionally,the implications and contributions of our research were discussed.By implementing our approach,the cost associated with relying solely on existing observatories can be substantially reduced.This reduction in costs can pave the way for economically efficient fine dust observation systems,ensuring more widespread and accurate air quality monitoring across different regions.展开更多
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with breast cancer being the most common (2.26 million new cases and 685,000 deaths). In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer ranked the first among females in 2014, accounting for...Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with breast cancer being the most common (2.26 million new cases and 685,000 deaths). In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer ranked the first among females in 2014, accounting for 15.9% of all cancers reported among Saudi nationals and 28.7% of all cancers reported among females of all ages. Early detection of breast cancer could decrease the risks, have a better prognosis, and have better outcomes/more successful treatments. Prevalence of breast cancer reached more than 25% of all diagnosed cancer in the kingdom among women. Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge and performance of women attending primary care centers about breast self-examination and mammogram screening for prevention and early detection of breast cancer in Abha city primary healthcare centers, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Research Method: cross sectional design was conducted by using questionnaire, which was distributed to primary care center nurses. The collected data was statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25. Results: The study found that participants had poor awareness and knowledge about breast self-examination, risk factors for breast cancer, and trends and practices in early diagnosis of breast cancer. Conclusion and Recommendations: It recommends increasing awareness campaigns and providing educational programs to improve knowledge and practices.展开更多
Background:Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is one of the most severe complications of patients with cirrhosis.Although primary prevention drugs,including non-selectiveβ-blockers,have effectively reduced the incide...Background:Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is one of the most severe complications of patients with cirrhosis.Although primary prevention drugs,including non-selectiveβ-blockers,have effectively reduced the incidence of bleeding,their efficacy is limited due to side effects and related contraindications.With recent advances in precision medicine,precise drug treatment provides better treatment efficacy.Data sources:Literature search was conducted in PubMed,MEDLINE and Web of Science for relevant articles published up to May 2022.Information on clinical trials was obtained from https://clinicaltrials.gov/and http://www.chictr.org.cn/.Results:The in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis and advances of portal hypertension has enabled the discovery of multiple molecular targets for promising drugs.According to the site of action,these drugs could be classified into four classes:intrahepatic,extrahepatic,both intrahepatic and extrahepatic targets and others.All these classes of drugs offer advantages over traditional treatments in prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.Conclusions:This review classified and summarized the promising drugs,which prevent gastroesophageal variceal bleeding by targeting specific markers of pathogenesis of portal hypertension,demonstrating the significance of using the precision medicine strategy to discover and develop promising drugs for the primary prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.展开更多
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),PANHs,and peptoids dust spectral calculations from the interstellar medium(ISM)are important for dust observations and theory.Our goal is to calculate the radiation spectrum of s...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),PANHs,and peptoids dust spectral calculations from the interstellar medium(ISM)are important for dust observations and theory.Our goal is to calculate the radiation spectrum of spherical PAHs dust clusters in a vacuum containing ionized and applied in the presence of an electric field.We propose a new simple computational model to calculate the size of three-dimensional spherical dust clusters formed by different initial dust structures.By the Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package code,the density functional theory with the generalized approximation was used to calculate the electron density gradient and obtain the radiation spectrum of dust.When the radius of spherical dust clusters is~[0.009-0.042]μm,the dust radiation spectrum agrees well with the Z=0.02 mMMP stellar spectra,and the PAHs radiation spectrum of NGC 4676 at wavelengths of(0-5]μm and(5-10]μm,respectively.In the ionized state,the N-PAH,C_(10)H_(9)N,2(C_(4)H_(4))^(1+),and peptoids 4(CHON),(C_(8)H_(10)N_(2)O_(5))^(1+)dust clusters at 3.3μm,while the 2(C_(22)H_(21)N_(3)O_(2))^(1+),4(CHON)dust clusters at 5.2μm have obvious peaks.There is a characteristic of part of PAHs and peptoids clusters radiation at the nearinfrared wavelength of 2μm.However,especially after applying an electric field to the dust,the emission spectrum of the dust increases significantly in the radiation wavelength range[3-10]μm.Consequently,the dust clusters of PAHs,PANHs,and peptoids of the radius size~[0.009-0.042]μm are likely to exist in the ISM.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital i...Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital initiated an emergency plan involving multi-departmental defense and control. It adopted a series of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, including strengthening pre-examination and triage, optimizing the consultation process, improving the hospital’s architectural composition, implementing graded risk management, enhancing personal protection, and implementing staff training and supervision. Descriptive research was used to evaluate the short-term effects of these in-hospital prevention and control strategies. The analysis compared changes in related evaluation indicators between January 24, 2020 and February 12, 2020 (Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve 2020 to lunar January 19) and the corresponding lunar period of the previous year. Results: Compared to the same period last year, the outpatient fever rate increased by 1.85-fold (P P Conclusion: The nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies implemented during this specific period improved the detection and control abilities for the COVID-19 source of infection and enhanced the compliance with measures. This likely contributed significantly to avoiding the occurrence of nosocomial infection.展开更多
This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protec...This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protection function,including wave energy dissipation,storm surge damping,tsunami mitigation,adjustment to sea level rise and wind speed reduction,which are sys-tematically summarized in this study.Moreover,the study analyzes the extensive physical models,based on indoor flume experi-ments and numerical models,that consider the interaction between mangroves and hydrodynamics,to help our understanding of mangrove-hydrodynamic interactions.Additionally,quantitative approaches for valuing coastal protection services provided by man-groves,including index-based and process-resolving approaches,are introduced in detail.Finally,we point out the limitations of previous studies,indicating that efforts are still required for obtaining more long-term field observations during extreme weather events,to create more real mangrove models for physical experiments,and to develop numerical models that consider the flexible properties of mangroves to better predict wave propagation in mangroves having complex morphology and structures.展开更多
Diabetes is a devastating public health problem.Prediabetes is an intermediate stage in the disease processes leading to diabetes,including types 1 and 2 diabetes.In the article“Prediabetes in children and adolescent...Diabetes is a devastating public health problem.Prediabetes is an intermediate stage in the disease processes leading to diabetes,including types 1 and 2 diabetes.In the article“Prediabetes in children and adolescents:An updated review,”the authors presented current evidence.We simplify and systematically clearly present the evidence and rationale for a conceptual framework we term the‘3ASs’:(1)Awareness Sensible;(2)Algorithm Simple;and(3)Appealing Strategies.Policy makers and the public need to be alerted.The prevalence of prediabetes should send alarm bells ringing for parents,individuals,clinicians,and policy makers.Prediabetes is defined by the following criteria:impaired fasting glucose(100-125 mg/dL);impaired glucose tolerance(2 h postprandial glucose 140-199 mg/dL);or hemoglobin A1c values of 5.7%–6.4%.Any of the above positive test alerts for intervention.Clinical guidelines do not recommend prioritizing one test over the others for evaluation.Decisions should be made on the strengths and shortfalls of each test.Patient preferences and test accessibility should be taken into consideration.An algorithm based on age,physiological stage,health status,and risk factors is provided.Primordial prevention targeting populations aims to eliminate risk factors through public education and encouraging practices through environmental modifications.Access to healthy foods is provided.Primary prevention is for individuals with a prediabetes diagnosis and involves a structured program to reduce body weight and increase physical activity along with a healthy diet.An overall methodical move to a healthy lifestyle for lifelong health is urgently needed.Early energetic prediabetes action is necessary.展开更多
Prostate cancer poses a significant health challenge globally,demanding proactive prevention strategies.This editorial explores the emerging role of vitamin D in prostate cancer prevention.While traditionally associat...Prostate cancer poses a significant health challenge globally,demanding proactive prevention strategies.This editorial explores the emerging role of vitamin D in prostate cancer prevention.While traditionally associated with bone health,vitamin D is increasingly recognized for its broader impact on immune function,cellular signaling,and cancer prevention.Epidemiological studies suggest an intriguing link between vitamin D deficiency and elevated prostate cancer risk,particularly in regions with limited sunlight exposure.Mechanistically,vitamin D regulates cellular processes,inhibiting unchecked cancer cell growth and bols-tering immune surveillance.Personalized prevention strategies,considering individual factors,are deemed essential for harnessing the full potential of vitamin D.To unlock this potential,the future calls for robust research,public awareness campaigns,dietary improvements,and vigilant medical guidance.Collaborative efforts are poised to pave the way toward a future where vitamin D stands as a sentinel in prostate cancer prevention,ushering in hope and improved health for men worldwide.展开更多
This editorial describes the contemporary concepts of prevention and management of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis(LC)patients according to the current guidelines.Gastroesophageal variceal bleedi...This editorial describes the contemporary concepts of prevention and management of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis(LC)patients according to the current guidelines.Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is the most dangerous complication of portal hypertension in LC patients.Risk stratification and determination of an individual approach to the choice of therapeutic measures aimed at their prevention and management has emerged as one of the top concerns in modern hepatology.According to the current guidelines,in the absence of clinically significant portal hypertension,etiological and nonetiological therapies of LC is advisable for the primary preventing gastroesophageal variceal bleeding,whereas its presence serves as an indication for the administration of non-selectiveβ-blockers,among which carvedilol is the drug of choice.Non-selectiveβ-blockers,as well as endoscopic variceal ligation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt can be used to prevent recurrence of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding.Pharmacotherapy with vasoactive drugs(terlipressin,somatostatin,octreotide),endoscopic variceal ligation,endovascular techniques and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt are recommended for the treatment of acute gastroesophageal variceal bleeding.Objective and accurate risk stratification of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding will allow developing individual strategies for their prevention and management,avoiding the first and further decompensation in LC,which will improve the prognosis and survival of patients suffering from it.展开更多
Coal mining-induced surface subsidence poses significant ecological and infrastructural challenges, necessitating a comprehensive study to ensure safe mining practices, particularly in underwater conditions. This proj...Coal mining-induced surface subsidence poses significant ecological and infrastructural challenges, necessitating a comprehensive study to ensure safe mining practices, particularly in underwater conditions. This project aims to address the extensive impact of coal mining on the environment, infrastructure, and overall safety, focusing on the Shigong River area above the working face. The study employs qualitative and quantitative analyses, along with on-site engineering measurements, to gather data on crucial parameters such as coal seam characteristics, roof rock lithology, thickness, water resistance, and structural damage degree. The research encompasses a multidisciplinary approach, involving mining, geology, hydrogeology, geophysical exploration, rock mechanics, mine surveying, and computational mathematics. The importance of effective safety measures and prevention techniques is emphasized, laying the foundation for research focused on the Xingyun coal mine. The brief concludes by highlighting the potential economic and social benefits of this project and its contribution to valuable experience for future subsea coal mining.展开更多
Based on different types of diseases,pests and weeds in the whole growth period of rhubarb(sowing period-harvesting period),the corresponding green prevention and control technology is proposed,aiming to further reduc...Based on different types of diseases,pests and weeds in the whole growth period of rhubarb(sowing period-harvesting period),the corresponding green prevention and control technology is proposed,aiming to further reduce the application amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the production of medicinal sources of Lixian rhubarb during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.The results will provide a theoretical basis for increasing the promotion and application of agricultural prevention and control(including disease-resistant varieties,ecological regulation),physical prevention and control,biological prevention and control measures,thus ensuring effective protection of the ecological environment,green,healthy and sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture in Longnan,and source quality of authentic medicinal materials.展开更多
Dear Editor,Tuberculosis(TB)is an airborne chronic infectious disease,posing long-lasting challenges and causing extensive health crises and deaths to humanity throughout history,despite existing prevention and treatm...Dear Editor,Tuberculosis(TB)is an airborne chronic infectious disease,posing long-lasting challenges and causing extensive health crises and deaths to humanity throughout history,despite existing prevention and treatment methods.The latest TB statistics report released by the World Health Organization in 2023 pointed out that,in 2022,the world recorded approximately 10.6 million new confirmed cases of TB.Among them,China accounted for about 748,000,around 7.1%of the total[1].展开更多
Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide.Rapid changes in adolescents’physical and mental states,as well as in their lives,significantly and undeniably increase the risk of sui...Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide.Rapid changes in adolescents’physical and mental states,as well as in their lives,significantly and undeniably increase the risk of suicide.Psychological,social,family,individual,and environmental factors are important risk factors for suicidal behavior among teenagers and may contribute to suicide risk through various direct,indirect,or combined pathways.Social-emotional learning is considered a powerful intervention measure for addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.When deliberately cultivated,fostered,and enhanced,selfawareness,self-management,social awareness,interpersonal skills,and responsible decision-making,as the five core competencies of social-emotional learning,can be used to effectively target various risk factors for adolescent suicide and provide necessary mental and interpersonal support.Among numerous suicide intervention methods,school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence have shown great potential in preventing and addressing suicide risk factors in adolescents.The characteristics of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence,including their appropriateness,necessity,cost-effectiveness,comprehensiveness,and effectiveness,make these interventions an important means of addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.To further determine the potential of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence and better address the issue of adolescent suicide,additional financial support should be provided,the combination of socialemotional learning and other suicide prevention programs within schools should be fully leveraged,and cooperation between schools and families,society,and other environments should be maximized.These efforts should be considered future research directions.展开更多
文摘Prolonged exposure to coal dust leads to various lung disorders, including incurable coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), and endangers miners’ health in underground mines. This article summarizes the latest research progress in dust control technology, including chemical dust suppressants, foam dust removal, ultrasonic atomization, magnetized water dust suppression, double curtains of wind and fog, biological nano-film, and emerging microbial dust suppressants in the field of dust. The actual application compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different dust removal technologies. The current three directions of mine dust prevention and control are pointed out: the prevention and control of respirable dust, hydrophobic dust, and secondary dust, and the prospects for future development trends. Given the treatment of respirable dust, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the dust generation mechanism under different working conditions and to explore the migration and settlement laws of respirable dust by constructing a numerical model of dust dynamics;for the treatment of hydrophobic dust, further research on the microphysical and chemical properties of coal dust is needed. The relationship between wettability and continuously optimizing the wetting agent;for the prevention and control of secondary dust in coal mines, emerging microbial dust suppression technologies need to be developed to explore the micro-action between microorganisms and coal dust molecules to achieve green prevention and control of dust.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12272001,11972046)the Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(Grant No.2108085Y02)the Major Project of Anhui University Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.KJ2020ZD30)。
文摘The flame propagation processes of MgH_(2)dust clouds with four different particle sizes were recorded by a high-speed camera.The dynamic flame temperature distributions of MgH_(2)dust clouds were reconstructed by the two-color pyrometer technique,and the chemical composition of solid combustion residues were analyzed.The experimental results showed that the average flame propagation velocities of 23μm,40μm,60μm and 103μm MgH_(2)dust clouds in the stable propagation stage were 3.7 m/s,2.8 m/s,2.1 m/s and 0.9 m/s,respectively.The dust clouds with smaller particle sizes had faster flame propagation velocity and stronger oscillation intensity,and their flame temperature distributions were more even and the temperature gradients were smaller.The flame structures of MgH_(2)dust clouds were significantly affected by the particle sinking velocity,and the combustion processes were accompanied by micro-explosion of particles.The falling velocities of 23μm and 40μm MgH_(2)particles were 2.24 cm/s and 6.71 cm/s,respectively.While the falling velocities of 60μm and 103μm MgH_(2)particles were as high as 15.07 cm/s and 44.42 cm/s,respectively,leading to a more rapid downward development and irregular shape of the flame.Furthermore,the dehydrogenation reaction had a significant effect on the combustion performance of MgH_(2)dust.The combustion of H_(2)enhanced the ignition and combustion characteristics of MgH_(2)dust,resulting in a much higher explosion power than the pure Mg dust.The micro-structure characteristics and combustion residues composition analysis of MgH_(2)dust indicated that the combustion control mechanism of MgH_(2)dust flame was mainly the heterogeneous reaction,which was affected by the dehydrogenation reaction.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0605003).
文摘Dust removal from pyrolytic vapors at high temperatures is an obstacle to the industrialization of the coal pyrolysis process.In this work,a granular bed with expanded perlites as filtration media was designed and integrated into a 10 t·d^(–1)coal pyrolysis facility.The testing results showed that around 97.56%dust collection efficiency was achieved.As a result,dust content in tar was significantly lowered.The pressure drop of the granular bed maintained in the range of 356 Pa to 489 Pa.The dust size in the effluent after filtration exhibited a bimodal distribution,which was attributed to the heterogeneity of the dust components.The effects of filtration bed on pyrolytic product yields were also discussed.A modified filtration model based on the macroscopic phenomenological theory was proposed to describe the performance of the granular bed.The computation results were well agreed with the experimental data.
基金supported by grants from the Italian Ministry of Health(Ricerca Corrente to FRB,DG,GMT)。
文摘The differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex and relies on clinical assessment,biomarker levels in cerebrospinal fluid,neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment.The efforts of the scientific community are focused on two aspects:a)the discovery of minimally invasive biomarkers;b)the discovery of early biomarkers that can predict the progression to clinical disease in the presymptomatic stage of a disease.Considering the impact of the number of patients affected by chronic neurodegenerative diseases on public health expenditures,early diagnosis seems to be a primary need of our society.
基金supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [Research on Expending Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination, Grant Number: INV – 006373and Implementation Research around the Pilots of Cervical Cancer Elimination, Grant Number: INV-031449]。
文摘Cervical cancer(CC) epidemiology CC, the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide, is a major global health challenge, particularly in low-resource regions. Approximately 88.1% of the 604,000 CC new cases occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020, and more than 90% of the 342,000 CC deaths occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020~1.
文摘Objective: To explore the practice and application of infection prevention and control strategies in risk departments during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to formulate the infection prevention and control measures to provide advice and guidance in risk departments. Methods: According to the latest plan of diagnosis and treatment, prevention and control issued by the National Health Commission, expert advice and consensus, combined with the actual situation in our hospital, a series of infection prevention and control measures of COVID-19 in risk department was formulated. Results: During the epidemic period, the prevention and control measures of nine risk departments including emergency operation, anesthesiology, endoscopy center, blood purification center, otolaryngology, stomatology, medical imaging department, medical cosmetology department and pulmonary function room were established from six aspects, including pre-examination and screening, medical technology control, personnel management, personal protection, environmental disinfection, medical waste disposal, etc. Conclusion: During the epidemic period, the infection prevention and control strategy of risk departments is one of the key links to control the spread of the epidemic, and risk departments must pay attention to and strictly implement various infection prevention and control measures.
文摘This paper introduces the method of coal dust treatment in crushing station and the present situation of dust removal system in typical open-pit coal mine crushing station in China,and expounds the research idea of determining comprehensive dust removal(suppression)system in crushing station inspired by the working principle of"range hood".Based on the design example and link optimization of the crush-ing station of open-pit coal mine I of Thar coalfield,this paper finally draws some conclusions on the key technologies of dust removal(suppression)system of open-pit coal mine crushing station.This study has certain reference value for the technical innovation of dust removal(suppression)system in crushing station,the realization of green mining in"crushing link",and the reduction and avoidance of ecological environment pollution in mining area.
基金This research was supported by the MSIT(Ministry of Science and ICT),Korea,under the ICAN(ICT Challenge and Advanced Network of HRD)Program(IITP-2020-0-01816)supervised by the IITP(Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation)This research was also supported by National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIT)(No.2021R1A4A3022102).
文摘Given the increasing number of countries reporting degraded air quality,effective air quality monitoring has become a critical issue in today’s world.However,the current air quality observatory systems are often prohibitively expensive,resulting in a lack of observatories in many regions within a country.Consequently,a significant problem arises where not every region receives the same level of air quality information.This disparity occurs because some locations have to rely on information from observatories located far away from their regions,even if they may be the closest available options.To address this challenge,a novel approach that leverages machine learning and deep learning techniques to forecast fine dust concentrations was proposed.Specifically,continuous location features in the form of latitude and longitude values were incorporated into our models.By utilizing a comprehensive dataset comprising weather conditions,air quality measurements,and location properties,various machine learning models,including Random Forest Regression,XGBoost Regression,AdaBoost Regression,and a deep learning model known as Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)were trained.Our experimental results demonstrated that the LSTM model outperforms the other models,achieving the best score with a root mean squared error of 23.48 in predicting fine dust(PM10)concentrations on an hourly basis.Furthermore,the fact that incorporating location properties,such as longitude and latitude values,enhances the overall quality of the regression models was discovered.Additionally,the implications and contributions of our research were discussed.By implementing our approach,the cost associated with relying solely on existing observatories can be substantially reduced.This reduction in costs can pave the way for economically efficient fine dust observation systems,ensuring more widespread and accurate air quality monitoring across different regions.
文摘Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with breast cancer being the most common (2.26 million new cases and 685,000 deaths). In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer ranked the first among females in 2014, accounting for 15.9% of all cancers reported among Saudi nationals and 28.7% of all cancers reported among females of all ages. Early detection of breast cancer could decrease the risks, have a better prognosis, and have better outcomes/more successful treatments. Prevalence of breast cancer reached more than 25% of all diagnosed cancer in the kingdom among women. Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge and performance of women attending primary care centers about breast self-examination and mammogram screening for prevention and early detection of breast cancer in Abha city primary healthcare centers, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Research Method: cross sectional design was conducted by using questionnaire, which was distributed to primary care center nurses. The collected data was statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25. Results: The study found that participants had poor awareness and knowledge about breast self-examination, risk factors for breast cancer, and trends and practices in early diagnosis of breast cancer. Conclusion and Recommendations: It recommends increasing awareness campaigns and providing educational programs to improve knowledge and practices.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81902484)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670864)+2 种基金Youth Support Project of Jilin Association for Science and Technology(202028)Jilin Provincial Health Special Project(2020SCZT039)Jilin Health and Healthy Youth Science and Technology Training Plan(2020Q017).
文摘Background:Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is one of the most severe complications of patients with cirrhosis.Although primary prevention drugs,including non-selectiveβ-blockers,have effectively reduced the incidence of bleeding,their efficacy is limited due to side effects and related contraindications.With recent advances in precision medicine,precise drug treatment provides better treatment efficacy.Data sources:Literature search was conducted in PubMed,MEDLINE and Web of Science for relevant articles published up to May 2022.Information on clinical trials was obtained from https://clinicaltrials.gov/and http://www.chictr.org.cn/.Results:The in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis and advances of portal hypertension has enabled the discovery of multiple molecular targets for promising drugs.According to the site of action,these drugs could be classified into four classes:intrahepatic,extrahepatic,both intrahepatic and extrahepatic targets and others.All these classes of drugs offer advantages over traditional treatments in prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.Conclusions:This review classified and summarized the promising drugs,which prevent gastroesophageal variceal bleeding by targeting specific markers of pathogenesis of portal hypertension,demonstrating the significance of using the precision medicine strategy to discover and develop promising drugs for the primary prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.
基金the Independent Innovation Project for Postgraduates of Central South University(No.160171008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(project No.U2031204)the project of Xinjiang(No.2021D01C075)。
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),PANHs,and peptoids dust spectral calculations from the interstellar medium(ISM)are important for dust observations and theory.Our goal is to calculate the radiation spectrum of spherical PAHs dust clusters in a vacuum containing ionized and applied in the presence of an electric field.We propose a new simple computational model to calculate the size of three-dimensional spherical dust clusters formed by different initial dust structures.By the Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package code,the density functional theory with the generalized approximation was used to calculate the electron density gradient and obtain the radiation spectrum of dust.When the radius of spherical dust clusters is~[0.009-0.042]μm,the dust radiation spectrum agrees well with the Z=0.02 mMMP stellar spectra,and the PAHs radiation spectrum of NGC 4676 at wavelengths of(0-5]μm and(5-10]μm,respectively.In the ionized state,the N-PAH,C_(10)H_(9)N,2(C_(4)H_(4))^(1+),and peptoids 4(CHON),(C_(8)H_(10)N_(2)O_(5))^(1+)dust clusters at 3.3μm,while the 2(C_(22)H_(21)N_(3)O_(2))^(1+),4(CHON)dust clusters at 5.2μm have obvious peaks.There is a characteristic of part of PAHs and peptoids clusters radiation at the nearinfrared wavelength of 2μm.However,especially after applying an electric field to the dust,the emission spectrum of the dust increases significantly in the radiation wavelength range[3-10]μm.Consequently,the dust clusters of PAHs,PANHs,and peptoids of the radius size~[0.009-0.042]μm are likely to exist in the ISM.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital initiated an emergency plan involving multi-departmental defense and control. It adopted a series of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, including strengthening pre-examination and triage, optimizing the consultation process, improving the hospital’s architectural composition, implementing graded risk management, enhancing personal protection, and implementing staff training and supervision. Descriptive research was used to evaluate the short-term effects of these in-hospital prevention and control strategies. The analysis compared changes in related evaluation indicators between January 24, 2020 and February 12, 2020 (Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve 2020 to lunar January 19) and the corresponding lunar period of the previous year. Results: Compared to the same period last year, the outpatient fever rate increased by 1.85-fold (P P Conclusion: The nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies implemented during this specific period improved the detection and control abilities for the COVID-19 source of infection and enhanced the compliance with measures. This likely contributed significantly to avoiding the occurrence of nosocomial infection.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3007900)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42106204)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Basic Research Program(Natural Science Foundation)(No.BK20220082)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271271)the Major Science&Technology Projects of the Ministry of Water Resources(No.SKS-2022025).
文摘This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protection function,including wave energy dissipation,storm surge damping,tsunami mitigation,adjustment to sea level rise and wind speed reduction,which are sys-tematically summarized in this study.Moreover,the study analyzes the extensive physical models,based on indoor flume experi-ments and numerical models,that consider the interaction between mangroves and hydrodynamics,to help our understanding of mangrove-hydrodynamic interactions.Additionally,quantitative approaches for valuing coastal protection services provided by man-groves,including index-based and process-resolving approaches,are introduced in detail.Finally,we point out the limitations of previous studies,indicating that efforts are still required for obtaining more long-term field observations during extreme weather events,to create more real mangrove models for physical experiments,and to develop numerical models that consider the flexible properties of mangroves to better predict wave propagation in mangroves having complex morphology and structures.
文摘Diabetes is a devastating public health problem.Prediabetes is an intermediate stage in the disease processes leading to diabetes,including types 1 and 2 diabetes.In the article“Prediabetes in children and adolescents:An updated review,”the authors presented current evidence.We simplify and systematically clearly present the evidence and rationale for a conceptual framework we term the‘3ASs’:(1)Awareness Sensible;(2)Algorithm Simple;and(3)Appealing Strategies.Policy makers and the public need to be alerted.The prevalence of prediabetes should send alarm bells ringing for parents,individuals,clinicians,and policy makers.Prediabetes is defined by the following criteria:impaired fasting glucose(100-125 mg/dL);impaired glucose tolerance(2 h postprandial glucose 140-199 mg/dL);or hemoglobin A1c values of 5.7%–6.4%.Any of the above positive test alerts for intervention.Clinical guidelines do not recommend prioritizing one test over the others for evaluation.Decisions should be made on the strengths and shortfalls of each test.Patient preferences and test accessibility should be taken into consideration.An algorithm based on age,physiological stage,health status,and risk factors is provided.Primordial prevention targeting populations aims to eliminate risk factors through public education and encouraging practices through environmental modifications.Access to healthy foods is provided.Primary prevention is for individuals with a prediabetes diagnosis and involves a structured program to reduce body weight and increase physical activity along with a healthy diet.An overall methodical move to a healthy lifestyle for lifelong health is urgently needed.Early energetic prediabetes action is necessary.
文摘Prostate cancer poses a significant health challenge globally,demanding proactive prevention strategies.This editorial explores the emerging role of vitamin D in prostate cancer prevention.While traditionally associated with bone health,vitamin D is increasingly recognized for its broader impact on immune function,cellular signaling,and cancer prevention.Epidemiological studies suggest an intriguing link between vitamin D deficiency and elevated prostate cancer risk,particularly in regions with limited sunlight exposure.Mechanistically,vitamin D regulates cellular processes,inhibiting unchecked cancer cell growth and bols-tering immune surveillance.Personalized prevention strategies,considering individual factors,are deemed essential for harnessing the full potential of vitamin D.To unlock this potential,the future calls for robust research,public awareness campaigns,dietary improvements,and vigilant medical guidance.Collaborative efforts are poised to pave the way toward a future where vitamin D stands as a sentinel in prostate cancer prevention,ushering in hope and improved health for men worldwide.
文摘This editorial describes the contemporary concepts of prevention and management of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis(LC)patients according to the current guidelines.Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is the most dangerous complication of portal hypertension in LC patients.Risk stratification and determination of an individual approach to the choice of therapeutic measures aimed at their prevention and management has emerged as one of the top concerns in modern hepatology.According to the current guidelines,in the absence of clinically significant portal hypertension,etiological and nonetiological therapies of LC is advisable for the primary preventing gastroesophageal variceal bleeding,whereas its presence serves as an indication for the administration of non-selectiveβ-blockers,among which carvedilol is the drug of choice.Non-selectiveβ-blockers,as well as endoscopic variceal ligation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt can be used to prevent recurrence of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding.Pharmacotherapy with vasoactive drugs(terlipressin,somatostatin,octreotide),endoscopic variceal ligation,endovascular techniques and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt are recommended for the treatment of acute gastroesophageal variceal bleeding.Objective and accurate risk stratification of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding will allow developing individual strategies for their prevention and management,avoiding the first and further decompensation in LC,which will improve the prognosis and survival of patients suffering from it.
文摘Coal mining-induced surface subsidence poses significant ecological and infrastructural challenges, necessitating a comprehensive study to ensure safe mining practices, particularly in underwater conditions. This project aims to address the extensive impact of coal mining on the environment, infrastructure, and overall safety, focusing on the Shigong River area above the working face. The study employs qualitative and quantitative analyses, along with on-site engineering measurements, to gather data on crucial parameters such as coal seam characteristics, roof rock lithology, thickness, water resistance, and structural damage degree. The research encompasses a multidisciplinary approach, involving mining, geology, hydrogeology, geophysical exploration, rock mechanics, mine surveying, and computational mathematics. The importance of effective safety measures and prevention techniques is emphasized, laying the foundation for research focused on the Xingyun coal mine. The brief concludes by highlighting the potential economic and social benefits of this project and its contribution to valuable experience for future subsea coal mining.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Plan Promoting Regional Collaboration Project of Longnan City(2022-S.BF-01)Key Talent Project of Gansu Province(2021RCXM042,2020RCXM041).
文摘Based on different types of diseases,pests and weeds in the whole growth period of rhubarb(sowing period-harvesting period),the corresponding green prevention and control technology is proposed,aiming to further reduce the application amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the production of medicinal sources of Lixian rhubarb during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.The results will provide a theoretical basis for increasing the promotion and application of agricultural prevention and control(including disease-resistant varieties,ecological regulation),physical prevention and control,biological prevention and control measures,thus ensuring effective protection of the ecological environment,green,healthy and sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture in Longnan,and source quality of authentic medicinal materials.
文摘Dear Editor,Tuberculosis(TB)is an airborne chronic infectious disease,posing long-lasting challenges and causing extensive health crises and deaths to humanity throughout history,despite existing prevention and treatment methods.The latest TB statistics report released by the World Health Organization in 2023 pointed out that,in 2022,the world recorded approximately 10.6 million new confirmed cases of TB.Among them,China accounted for about 748,000,around 7.1%of the total[1].
文摘Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide.Rapid changes in adolescents’physical and mental states,as well as in their lives,significantly and undeniably increase the risk of suicide.Psychological,social,family,individual,and environmental factors are important risk factors for suicidal behavior among teenagers and may contribute to suicide risk through various direct,indirect,or combined pathways.Social-emotional learning is considered a powerful intervention measure for addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.When deliberately cultivated,fostered,and enhanced,selfawareness,self-management,social awareness,interpersonal skills,and responsible decision-making,as the five core competencies of social-emotional learning,can be used to effectively target various risk factors for adolescent suicide and provide necessary mental and interpersonal support.Among numerous suicide intervention methods,school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence have shown great potential in preventing and addressing suicide risk factors in adolescents.The characteristics of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence,including their appropriateness,necessity,cost-effectiveness,comprehensiveness,and effectiveness,make these interventions an important means of addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.To further determine the potential of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence and better address the issue of adolescent suicide,additional financial support should be provided,the combination of socialemotional learning and other suicide prevention programs within schools should be fully leveraged,and cooperation between schools and families,society,and other environments should be maximized.These efforts should be considered future research directions.
