New energy vehicles represent the inevitable trend of future development.Compared to traditional fuel vehicles,they are more energy-saving and environmentally friendly,effectively reducing air pollution and mitigating...New energy vehicles represent the inevitable trend of future development.Compared to traditional fuel vehicles,they are more energy-saving and environmentally friendly,effectively reducing air pollution and mitigating excessive exploitation of oil resources,a stance strongly supported by governments.However,new energy vehicles possess certain drawbacks in terms of price and usability compared to traditional counterparts.Therefore,external support is imperative for their development.This paper delineates four main sections:the background of new energy vehicle promotion and application,a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign promotion models,specific promotion suggestions,and future development prospects.By leveraging insights from economic analysis,the optimal promotion model for new energy vehicles is elucidated.展开更多
The present article aimed to analyze the application of the economic analysis of Law as a reference for the reasoning of judicial decisions.To that end,an analysis was carried out on the definitions of what is hermene...The present article aimed to analyze the application of the economic analysis of Law as a reference for the reasoning of judicial decisions.To that end,an analysis was carried out on the definitions of what is hermeneutics and economic analysis of law,based on the construction of the matrix rule of conduct for public administration.The method of the approach followed was empirical-dialectical,using bibliographic,legislative and jurisprudential research,having a reference to the Law and Economics.展开更多
Africa is embracing new opportunities featured with industrialization,urbanization and regionalization.Based on co-development of‘Electricity,Mining,Metallurgy,Industry and Trade’and grids interconnection proposed b...Africa is embracing new opportunities featured with industrialization,urbanization and regionalization.Based on co-development of‘Electricity,Mining,Metallurgy,Industry and Trade’and grids interconnection proposed by Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization(GEIDCO),the high-quality hydropower resource of the Congo River can be exploited in large scale under the wide-range interconnected framework of African Energy Interconnection(AEI),forging a new engine for Africa economy.The transmission distance of the Congo River hydropower reaches 6,000 km at its farthest end in North Africa,which brings forth challenges to economics of proposed projects.Under this novel continental energy interconnection scheme in Africa,economics of those projects have not yet been in detail studied.This paper has implemented China’s mature engineering experiences and analytical tools of UHVDC project planning into the AEI structure,through exploring the economic behavior of ultra-long distance UHVDC projects in the scope of conductor selection in the Congo River hydropower transmission for the first time,and has provided concerned parties with a technical and analytical results of their economics comparison.This paper has chosen the D.R.Congo-Guinea±800 kV UHVDC project as a typical example.Its preliminary system planning is introduced and three types of conductor are selected for scheme comparison.Later in this paper,the transmission loss,total investment and equivalent annual cost of the project have been calculated and analyzed.In the final part,sensitivity analysis results of the annual cost to utilization hours,transmission loss,loss tariff and construction cost has been provided.展开更多
The distinct network organization, management, service and operating characteristics of US Southwest Airlines are key elements of its success compared with other airlines. As a network organization type, the spider we...The distinct network organization, management, service and operating characteristics of US Southwest Airlines are key elements of its success compared with other airlines. As a network organization type, the spider web airline network has received more attention. In this paper, we analyzed the relation between the spider web airline network and spider web, and the structure of spider web airline network, built the assignment model of the spider web airline network,and investigated the economics concerned.展开更多
In this paper,on the basis of an overview of the evolution of diesel fuel subsidy policy in China's fishery,we perform an economic analysis of the existing diesel fuel subsidy policy,and believe that it is fishing...In this paper,on the basis of an overview of the evolution of diesel fuel subsidy policy in China's fishery,we perform an economic analysis of the existing diesel fuel subsidy policy,and believe that it is fishing shareholders rather than fishermen who benefit most from the diesel fuel subsidy policy. The diesel fuel subsidy policy is not conducive to fishery resources protection,it will cause no fluctuation in the supply price of aquatic products,and it can not effectively increase the income of all fishermen. It is necessary to focus on subsidy method,subsidy links and subsidy level to improve diesel fuel subsidy efficiency,lower production costs,stabilize fishery production,and increase the income of fishermen.展开更多
The present paper is a contribution to the economic analysis of the exploitation of depleted natural resources and in particular hydrocarbons in the wider Eastern Mediterranean region.The methodological tools used are...The present paper is a contribution to the economic analysis of the exploitation of depleted natural resources and in particular hydrocarbons in the wider Eastern Mediterranean region.The methodological tools used are both the marginal economic analysis,the application of the Hotelling rule and the multi-criteria choice of exploitation of a natural resource with sensitivity analysis of the first and second optimal solution.The choice of natural resource used to be based on a single criterion,cost.Today,the multi-criteria method is followed,according to which many criteria are taken into account at the same time.The return on investment from the exploitation of a mineral resource in the wider Eastern Mediterranean region is obtained through multi-criteria selection and sensitivity analysis of the prevailing solution.展开更多
This paper presents a techno-economic investigation of an integrated rooftop solar PV system for typical home applications in Oman that can reduce the power consumption from the grid and export excess PV generated pow...This paper presents a techno-economic investigation of an integrated rooftop solar PV system for typical home applications in Oman that can reduce the power consumption from the grid and export excess PV generated power back to the gird.Since renewable energy systems design technically depends on the site,this study selects a typical two-story villa(Home),in a site Al-Hamra,Oman.Temperature is one of the critical parameters in this design as it varies widely over the day and from one season to another in Oman.With the effect of temperature variation,the PV system has designed using system models for the required load of the home.The design process has included two main design constraints,such as the available rooftop space and the grid-connection availability for the selected home.This research also evaluates the economic feasibility of the design system considering the energy export tariff as per the Bulk Supply Tariff(BST)scheme in Oman.The design outcome reveals that the designed PV system can supply the load energy requirement in a year.In addition,the rooftop solar PV system can sell surplus energy back to the grid that generates additional revenue for the owner of the system.The economic performance indices such as payback period,internal rate of return,net present value,and profitability index ensure the financial feasibility of the designed rooftop solar PV system for the selected home.展开更多
With a long history, the South Silk Road has been and will continue to be an important corridor of economic, political, cultural and religious exchange between Southwest China and Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middl...With a long history, the South Silk Road has been and will continue to be an important corridor of economic, political, cultural and religious exchange between Southwest China and Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, West Asia and Europe. The transportation corridor established by the South Silk Road has both important strategic significance and value for China's transportation safety, and the potential to bring huge political and economic benefits to our country. However, all kinds of challenges and threats need to be dealt with in order for it to achieve strategic value and play the role of a transportation corridor, thereby ensuring China's strategic security.展开更多
Techno-economic analysis of an indirect use of carbon dioxide within the route of glycerolysis of glycerol with urea is investigated. The results show that the net present value of the biodiesel-glycerol carbonate pro...Techno-economic analysis of an indirect use of carbon dioxide within the route of glycerolysis of glycerol with urea is investigated. The results show that the net present value of the biodiesel-glycerol carbonate production by glycerolysis is higher than the biodiesel-glycerol carbonate production by direct carboxylationat at the end of the 12-year operation with similar capacities. The stochastic model has predicted that using glycerolysis route for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate production might increase the probability of getting positive net present value by about 15%.展开更多
Installing photovoltaic(PV)systems is an essential step for low-carbon development.The economics of PV systems are strongly impacted by the electricity price and the shadowing effect from neighboring buildings.This st...Installing photovoltaic(PV)systems is an essential step for low-carbon development.The economics of PV systems are strongly impacted by the electricity price and the shadowing effect from neighboring buildings.This study evaluates the PV generation potential and economics of 20 cities in China under three shadowing conditions.First,the building geometry models under three shadowing conditions for the 20 cities were constructed using QGIS.Then,60 building models with PV systems and shadows from surrounding buildings were generated by City Buildings,Energy,and Sustainability(CityBES),an open platform,to simulate the PV power generation.Finally,the study presented one economic analysis model to evaluate the profitability by combining the market cost of rooftop PV systems and electricity prices in China.The economic model included four indicators:payback period(static and dynamic),net present value(NPV),and internal rate of return(IRR).The results show that the reduction of PV power generation ranges from 8.29%to 16.01%under medium shadowing,and experiences a maximum decrease of up to 39.71%under high shadowing.Further economic analysis shows that almost all the regions show reliable potential,obtaining an IRR higher than the reference value(5%).Nenjiang has the highest economic profit,with the highest NPV(86,181.15 RMB)and IRR(30.14%)under no shadowing among 20 cities.It also should be mentioned that the alignment between electricity price distribution and the solar power generation curve will directly impact the economic potential of PV systems.展开更多
The widespread application of 4G and the rapid development of 5G technologies dramatically increase the energy consumption of telecommunication base station (TBS). Remarkably, the air conditioning system accounts for ...The widespread application of 4G and the rapid development of 5G technologies dramatically increase the energy consumption of telecommunication base station (TBS). Remarkably, the air conditioning system accounts for a significant part of energy consumption in TBS. In this work, passive radiative sky cooling technology has been studied to explore its application potential for TBS. We built a simulation model in DeST to investigate the effect of various envelope thermophysical properties on TBS energy saving. The main influencing factors of the radiative sky cooling on TBS energy saving have been concluded and guidance has been raised for further application. An optimized envelope design combining radiative sky cooling with appropriate heat transfer coefficients has been proposed. The energy-saving and economic analysis of the optimized envelope design at different areas shows that, except for the low heat density TBS in severe cold areas, the annual energy-saving rate is 6.77%–64.29%, and the annual total energy saving is 21.94 kWh/m2–52.74 kWh/m2. The payback period is 1.55–4.67 years, and the maximum acceptable cost limited to a 5-year payback period is $3.21/m2–$9.67/m2.展开更多
BACKGROUND The diagnostic and economic value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and CA72-4 for gastrointestinal malignant tumors lacked evaluation in a larger scale.AIM To reassess the d...BACKGROUND The diagnostic and economic value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and CA72-4 for gastrointestinal malignant tumors lacked evaluation in a larger scale.AIM To reassess the diagnostic and economic value of the three tumor biomarkers.METHODS A retrospective analysis of all 32857 subjects who underwent CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,gastroscopy and colonoscopy from October 2006 to May 2018 was conducted.Then,we assessed the discrimination and clinical usefulness.Total cost,cost per capita and cost-effectiveness ratios were used to evaluate the economic value of two schemes(gastrointestinal endoscopy for all people without blood tests vs both gastroscopy and colonoscopy when blood tests were positive).RESULTS The analysis of 32857 subjects showed that CEA was a qualified biomarker for colorectal cancer(CRC),while the diagnostic efficiencies of CA72-4 were catastrophic for all gastrointestinal cancers(GICs).Regarding early diagnosis,only CEA could be used for early CRC.The combination of biomarkers didn’t greatly increase the area under the curve.The economic indicators of CEA were superior to those of CA19-9,CA72-4 and any combination.At the threshold of 1.8μg/L to 10.4μg/L,all four indicators of CEA were lower than those in the scheme that conducted gastrointestinal endoscopy only.Subgroup analysis implied that the health checkup of CEA for people above 65 years old was economically valuable.CONCLUSION CEA had qualified diagnostic value for CRC and superior economic value for GICs,especially for elderly health checkup subjects.CA72-4 was not suitable as a diagnostic biomarker.展开更多
The concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems are a promising technology to obtain clean energy. However, these systems are not equally convenient worldwide due to different climatic conditions. The main aim of this pa...The concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems are a promising technology to obtain clean energy. However, these systems are not equally convenient worldwide due to different climatic conditions. The main aim of this paper is to analyze energy and economic performances of a point-focus CPV system for a residential user when its installation site varies. Three locations, Riyadh, Copenhagen, and Palermo, characterized by very different weather conditions are chosen. A model that links the electrical power of a triple-junction (TJ) cell with its temperature and concentrated radiation incident on it is experimentally developed to evaluate the energy performance of the CPV system. A comparison of the three localities for typical winter and summer sunny days indicates that the higher values of the TJ cell temperature are reached in summer, over 70°C at Riyadh, and its electrical power is reduced compared to a winter day. In winter, a TJ cell in Riyadh supplies an electric power of about 20% higher than that in other two cities, while in summer, the maximum power is observed at Copenhagen. On the contrary, the electrical producibility also depends on the sunlight daily hours number during the year. Hence, considering the real distribution of direct normal irradiance (DNI) and the environmental temperature for each locality, a CPV system composed of modules of 90 cells adopted for a residential user is sized. The electric producibility of the CPV system, by varying its module number, is evaluated for different localities together with the optimal number of the modules which is able to maximize the investment profitability.展开更多
Municipal solid waste(MSW)is a carbon–neutral energy source and possesses a moderate heating value;hence,it can be used as an alternative fuel for coal.To use high ash and high sulfur Indian coals efficiently,a techn...Municipal solid waste(MSW)is a carbon–neutral energy source and possesses a moderate heating value;hence,it can be used as an alternative fuel for coal.To use high ash and high sulfur Indian coals efficiently,a techno economic analysis is performed for electricity generation using supercritical and subcritical based steam turbines operating in the oxy-fuel co-combustion mode of MSW with Indian coals.The impact of the capture of direct and indirect greenhouse gasses such as CO_(2),NO_(x)and SO_(x)on the net thermal efficiency of the power plants is assessed.The supercritical based steam turbine achieved a higher net thermal efficiency by 8.8%using MSW based feedstock compared to sub-critical conditions.The co-combustion mode reduced the levelized cost of electricity(LCOE)by 48–73$/MWh.Techno-economic analysis for sulfur removal in coal using ultrasonication technology has not yet been reported in the literature.The incorporation of an ultrasonicator(a pre-combustion sulfur remover)and a duct sorbent injector(a post-combustion SO_(x)absorber)increased the LCOE by 1.39–2.75$/MWh.In high sulfur coals,the SO_(x)emissions decreased from 224.79 mg/m^(3)to 9.2 mg/m^(3).展开更多
In India most part receives 4 - 7 kWh of solar radiation per square meter per day with 200 - 250 sunny days in a year. Tamilnadu state also receives the highest annual radiation in India. In this paper, the grid conne...In India most part receives 4 - 7 kWh of solar radiation per square meter per day with 200 - 250 sunny days in a year. Tamilnadu state also receives the highest annual radiation in India. In this paper, the grid connected photovoltaic plant has a peak power of 80 KWp supplies electricity requirement of GRT IET campus during day time (7 hrs) and reduces load demand and generates useful data for future implementation of such PV plant projects in the Tamilnadu region. Photovoltaic plant was installed in April 2015, monitored during 6 months, and the performance ratio and the various power losses (power electronics, temperature, soiling, internal, network, grid availability and interconnection) were calculated. The PV plant supplied 64,182.86 KWh to the grid from April to September 2015, ranging from 11,510.900 to 10,200.9 kWh. The final yield ranged from 143.886 (h/d) to 127.51 (y/d), reference yield ranged from 201.6 (h/d) to 155.31 (h/d) and performance ratio ranged from 71.3% to 82.1%, for a duration of six months, it had given a performance ratio of 83.82%, system efficiency was 4.16% and the capacity factor of GRT IET Campus for six months was 18.26%. Payback period in years = 9 years 4 months, energy saving per year = 204,400 KWh, cost reduction per year = 1,737,400, Indian rupee = 26,197.30 USD and total CO<sub>2</sub> reductions per year = 102,200 tons CO<sub>2</sub>/year.展开更多
This paper reviews the economic methodology used to justify a proposed 357 hectare (800 acre) Industrial Park that would breach the Urban Development Boundary (UDB) in Miami-Dade County, Florida, a boundary that had b...This paper reviews the economic methodology used to justify a proposed 357 hectare (800 acre) Industrial Park that would breach the Urban Development Boundary (UDB) in Miami-Dade County, Florida, a boundary that had been established to constrain urban sprawl and protect the surrounding wetlands and farmlands. We will examine the socio-economic setting of the region, the ownership of the farmland parcels designated to become industrial sites, and the misuse of the promoters’ narrow economic analysis. Then we shall explain and compute correctly the likely job creation based on the author’s own survey of recently constructed industrial plants similar to those proposed for this site. Rather than an industrial park, we offer instead a newly-designed multi-purpose Recreational–Ecological–Agricultural Park (REAP) & Nature Preserve which would maintain the integrity of the rural landscape, connect the densely-populated neighborhoods to the mangrove shoreline, and open nature’s treasure chest to urban Miami and the wider public.展开更多
The energy efficient product can be operated with longer duration.They offer wonderful solutions compared to other conventional water pumping system as it needs less maintenance,simple in installation,zero fuel cost,l...The energy efficient product can be operated with longer duration.They offer wonderful solutions compared to other conventional water pumping system as it needs less maintenance,simple in installation,zero fuel cost,longer operating life,highly reliable and free from production of greenhouse gases.In this paper we analyzed the different topologies of DC–DC converter in terms of their operating region of MPPT,quality of input and output currents.We discussed the MPPT algorithms to address partial shading effects in SPV array,present state of the technology,factors affecting the performance of the system,efficiency improvements and identified the research gaps.Also,the economic feasibility analysis has been done for the real time scenario using the Homer Pro software.The estimation of total dynamic head and horse power calculation has been done to decide the total load capacity.The economic analysis results such as cumulative cash flow over project lifetime of 25 years are presented.It is observed that the capital investment requirement is$7,425 for installing Fronius PV system that has a nominal capacity of 2.47 kW and annualized savings will be$134.93.In the long-term perspective,the return on investment is−2.18%as per the present tariff plan.展开更多
1. China’s environmental problems 1) Serious water pollution. Water is most indispensable to people’s life. Contaminated water will seriously affect people’s normal life and cause environmental degradation, putting...1. China’s environmental problems 1) Serious water pollution. Water is most indispensable to people’s life. Contaminated water will seriously affect people’s normal life and cause environmental degradation, putting people in the danger of catching various diseases. Therefore, everyone should save water and make full use of it. However, in China, water pollution is getting worse. China has abun-展开更多
1.This study is one of The Applied Economic Institutes Linkages Project(AERIL)which is funded by theCanadian International Development Agency(CIDA)and jiontly managed by The Conference Board of Canada(CBOC)and the Int...1.This study is one of The Applied Economic Institutes Linkages Project(AERIL)which is funded by theCanadian International Development Agency(CIDA)and jiontly managed by The Conference Board of Canada(CBOC)and the International Trade Research Institute in China.It is jointly implemented by the Institute ofEconomic Research of the Chinese State Planning Commission and the North—South Institute of Canada。展开更多
文摘New energy vehicles represent the inevitable trend of future development.Compared to traditional fuel vehicles,they are more energy-saving and environmentally friendly,effectively reducing air pollution and mitigating excessive exploitation of oil resources,a stance strongly supported by governments.However,new energy vehicles possess certain drawbacks in terms of price and usability compared to traditional counterparts.Therefore,external support is imperative for their development.This paper delineates four main sections:the background of new energy vehicle promotion and application,a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign promotion models,specific promotion suggestions,and future development prospects.By leveraging insights from economic analysis,the optimal promotion model for new energy vehicles is elucidated.
文摘The present article aimed to analyze the application of the economic analysis of Law as a reference for the reasoning of judicial decisions.To that end,an analysis was carried out on the definitions of what is hermeneutics and economic analysis of law,based on the construction of the matrix rule of conduct for public administration.The method of the approach followed was empirical-dialectical,using bibliographic,legislative and jurisprudential research,having a reference to the Law and Economics.
基金supported by National Key Reaearch and Development Program of China(2016YFB0900900).
文摘Africa is embracing new opportunities featured with industrialization,urbanization and regionalization.Based on co-development of‘Electricity,Mining,Metallurgy,Industry and Trade’and grids interconnection proposed by Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization(GEIDCO),the high-quality hydropower resource of the Congo River can be exploited in large scale under the wide-range interconnected framework of African Energy Interconnection(AEI),forging a new engine for Africa economy.The transmission distance of the Congo River hydropower reaches 6,000 km at its farthest end in North Africa,which brings forth challenges to economics of proposed projects.Under this novel continental energy interconnection scheme in Africa,economics of those projects have not yet been in detail studied.This paper has implemented China’s mature engineering experiences and analytical tools of UHVDC project planning into the AEI structure,through exploring the economic behavior of ultra-long distance UHVDC projects in the scope of conductor selection in the Congo River hydropower transmission for the first time,and has provided concerned parties with a technical and analytical results of their economics comparison.This paper has chosen the D.R.Congo-Guinea±800 kV UHVDC project as a typical example.Its preliminary system planning is introduced and three types of conductor are selected for scheme comparison.Later in this paper,the transmission loss,total investment and equivalent annual cost of the project have been calculated and analyzed.In the final part,sensitivity analysis results of the annual cost to utilization hours,transmission loss,loss tariff and construction cost has been provided.
基金supported by the Research Program of Civil Aviation Administration of China (No.MHRD0622)
文摘The distinct network organization, management, service and operating characteristics of US Southwest Airlines are key elements of its success compared with other airlines. As a network organization type, the spider web airline network has received more attention. In this paper, we analyzed the relation between the spider web airline network and spider web, and the structure of spider web airline network, built the assignment model of the spider web airline network,and investigated the economics concerned.
基金Supported by Strategic Research Center for China’s Fishery Development(A1-0209-15-1004)
文摘In this paper,on the basis of an overview of the evolution of diesel fuel subsidy policy in China's fishery,we perform an economic analysis of the existing diesel fuel subsidy policy,and believe that it is fishing shareholders rather than fishermen who benefit most from the diesel fuel subsidy policy. The diesel fuel subsidy policy is not conducive to fishery resources protection,it will cause no fluctuation in the supply price of aquatic products,and it can not effectively increase the income of all fishermen. It is necessary to focus on subsidy method,subsidy links and subsidy level to improve diesel fuel subsidy efficiency,lower production costs,stabilize fishery production,and increase the income of fishermen.
文摘The present paper is a contribution to the economic analysis of the exploitation of depleted natural resources and in particular hydrocarbons in the wider Eastern Mediterranean region.The methodological tools used are both the marginal economic analysis,the application of the Hotelling rule and the multi-criteria choice of exploitation of a natural resource with sensitivity analysis of the first and second optimal solution.The choice of natural resource used to be based on a single criterion,cost.Today,the multi-criteria method is followed,according to which many criteria are taken into account at the same time.The return on investment from the exploitation of a mineral resource in the wider Eastern Mediterranean region is obtained through multi-criteria selection and sensitivity analysis of the prevailing solution.
文摘This paper presents a techno-economic investigation of an integrated rooftop solar PV system for typical home applications in Oman that can reduce the power consumption from the grid and export excess PV generated power back to the gird.Since renewable energy systems design technically depends on the site,this study selects a typical two-story villa(Home),in a site Al-Hamra,Oman.Temperature is one of the critical parameters in this design as it varies widely over the day and from one season to another in Oman.With the effect of temperature variation,the PV system has designed using system models for the required load of the home.The design process has included two main design constraints,such as the available rooftop space and the grid-connection availability for the selected home.This research also evaluates the economic feasibility of the design system considering the energy export tariff as per the Bulk Supply Tariff(BST)scheme in Oman.The design outcome reveals that the designed PV system can supply the load energy requirement in a year.In addition,the rooftop solar PV system can sell surplus energy back to the grid that generates additional revenue for the owner of the system.The economic performance indices such as payback period,internal rate of return,net present value,and profitability index ensure the financial feasibility of the designed rooftop solar PV system for the selected home.
基金The National Social Science Fund,West Project(12XGL013)Sichuan Science and Technology Department,Soft Science Project(20136RW0120)+1 种基金Sichuan Development Research Center of Oil and Gas Project(Sichuan Oil and Gas Science SKB15-02)Southwest Petroleum University,Youth Teacher Academic Project(201499010101)
文摘With a long history, the South Silk Road has been and will continue to be an important corridor of economic, political, cultural and religious exchange between Southwest China and Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, West Asia and Europe. The transportation corridor established by the South Silk Road has both important strategic significance and value for China's transportation safety, and the potential to bring huge political and economic benefits to our country. However, all kinds of challenges and threats need to be dealt with in order for it to achieve strategic value and play the role of a transportation corridor, thereby ensuring China's strategic security.
文摘Techno-economic analysis of an indirect use of carbon dioxide within the route of glycerolysis of glycerol with urea is investigated. The results show that the net present value of the biodiesel-glycerol carbonate production by glycerolysis is higher than the biodiesel-glycerol carbonate production by direct carboxylationat at the end of the 12-year operation with similar capacities. The stochastic model has predicted that using glycerolysis route for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate production might increase the probability of getting positive net present value by about 15%.
基金This research was funded by Hunan University,China,through the start-up funds and the Course Development Program of“Artificial Intelligence in Built Environment”.
文摘Installing photovoltaic(PV)systems is an essential step for low-carbon development.The economics of PV systems are strongly impacted by the electricity price and the shadowing effect from neighboring buildings.This study evaluates the PV generation potential and economics of 20 cities in China under three shadowing conditions.First,the building geometry models under three shadowing conditions for the 20 cities were constructed using QGIS.Then,60 building models with PV systems and shadows from surrounding buildings were generated by City Buildings,Energy,and Sustainability(CityBES),an open platform,to simulate the PV power generation.Finally,the study presented one economic analysis model to evaluate the profitability by combining the market cost of rooftop PV systems and electricity prices in China.The economic model included four indicators:payback period(static and dynamic),net present value(NPV),and internal rate of return(IRR).The results show that the reduction of PV power generation ranges from 8.29%to 16.01%under medium shadowing,and experiences a maximum decrease of up to 39.71%under high shadowing.Further economic analysis shows that almost all the regions show reliable potential,obtaining an IRR higher than the reference value(5%).Nenjiang has the highest economic profit,with the highest NPV(86,181.15 RMB)and IRR(30.14%)under no shadowing among 20 cities.It also should be mentioned that the alignment between electricity price distribution and the solar power generation curve will directly impact the economic potential of PV systems.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20200373).
文摘The widespread application of 4G and the rapid development of 5G technologies dramatically increase the energy consumption of telecommunication base station (TBS). Remarkably, the air conditioning system accounts for a significant part of energy consumption in TBS. In this work, passive radiative sky cooling technology has been studied to explore its application potential for TBS. We built a simulation model in DeST to investigate the effect of various envelope thermophysical properties on TBS energy saving. The main influencing factors of the radiative sky cooling on TBS energy saving have been concluded and guidance has been raised for further application. An optimized envelope design combining radiative sky cooling with appropriate heat transfer coefficients has been proposed. The energy-saving and economic analysis of the optimized envelope design at different areas shows that, except for the low heat density TBS in severe cold areas, the annual energy-saving rate is 6.77%–64.29%, and the annual total energy saving is 21.94 kWh/m2–52.74 kWh/m2. The payback period is 1.55–4.67 years, and the maximum acceptable cost limited to a 5-year payback period is $3.21/m2–$9.67/m2.
基金The study was reviewed and approved by the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Institutional Review Board(Approval No.B2018-234).
文摘BACKGROUND The diagnostic and economic value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and CA72-4 for gastrointestinal malignant tumors lacked evaluation in a larger scale.AIM To reassess the diagnostic and economic value of the three tumor biomarkers.METHODS A retrospective analysis of all 32857 subjects who underwent CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,gastroscopy and colonoscopy from October 2006 to May 2018 was conducted.Then,we assessed the discrimination and clinical usefulness.Total cost,cost per capita and cost-effectiveness ratios were used to evaluate the economic value of two schemes(gastrointestinal endoscopy for all people without blood tests vs both gastroscopy and colonoscopy when blood tests were positive).RESULTS The analysis of 32857 subjects showed that CEA was a qualified biomarker for colorectal cancer(CRC),while the diagnostic efficiencies of CA72-4 were catastrophic for all gastrointestinal cancers(GICs).Regarding early diagnosis,only CEA could be used for early CRC.The combination of biomarkers didn’t greatly increase the area under the curve.The economic indicators of CEA were superior to those of CA19-9,CA72-4 and any combination.At the threshold of 1.8μg/L to 10.4μg/L,all four indicators of CEA were lower than those in the scheme that conducted gastrointestinal endoscopy only.Subgroup analysis implied that the health checkup of CEA for people above 65 years old was economically valuable.CONCLUSION CEA had qualified diagnostic value for CRC and superior economic value for GICs,especially for elderly health checkup subjects.CA72-4 was not suitable as a diagnostic biomarker.
文摘The concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems are a promising technology to obtain clean energy. However, these systems are not equally convenient worldwide due to different climatic conditions. The main aim of this paper is to analyze energy and economic performances of a point-focus CPV system for a residential user when its installation site varies. Three locations, Riyadh, Copenhagen, and Palermo, characterized by very different weather conditions are chosen. A model that links the electrical power of a triple-junction (TJ) cell with its temperature and concentrated radiation incident on it is experimentally developed to evaluate the energy performance of the CPV system. A comparison of the three localities for typical winter and summer sunny days indicates that the higher values of the TJ cell temperature are reached in summer, over 70°C at Riyadh, and its electrical power is reduced compared to a winter day. In winter, a TJ cell in Riyadh supplies an electric power of about 20% higher than that in other two cities, while in summer, the maximum power is observed at Copenhagen. On the contrary, the electrical producibility also depends on the sunlight daily hours number during the year. Hence, considering the real distribution of direct normal irradiance (DNI) and the environmental temperature for each locality, a CPV system composed of modules of 90 cells adopted for a residential user is sized. The electric producibility of the CPV system, by varying its module number, is evaluated for different localities together with the optimal number of the modules which is able to maximize the investment profitability.
文摘Municipal solid waste(MSW)is a carbon–neutral energy source and possesses a moderate heating value;hence,it can be used as an alternative fuel for coal.To use high ash and high sulfur Indian coals efficiently,a techno economic analysis is performed for electricity generation using supercritical and subcritical based steam turbines operating in the oxy-fuel co-combustion mode of MSW with Indian coals.The impact of the capture of direct and indirect greenhouse gasses such as CO_(2),NO_(x)and SO_(x)on the net thermal efficiency of the power plants is assessed.The supercritical based steam turbine achieved a higher net thermal efficiency by 8.8%using MSW based feedstock compared to sub-critical conditions.The co-combustion mode reduced the levelized cost of electricity(LCOE)by 48–73$/MWh.Techno-economic analysis for sulfur removal in coal using ultrasonication technology has not yet been reported in the literature.The incorporation of an ultrasonicator(a pre-combustion sulfur remover)and a duct sorbent injector(a post-combustion SO_(x)absorber)increased the LCOE by 1.39–2.75$/MWh.In high sulfur coals,the SO_(x)emissions decreased from 224.79 mg/m^(3)to 9.2 mg/m^(3).
文摘In India most part receives 4 - 7 kWh of solar radiation per square meter per day with 200 - 250 sunny days in a year. Tamilnadu state also receives the highest annual radiation in India. In this paper, the grid connected photovoltaic plant has a peak power of 80 KWp supplies electricity requirement of GRT IET campus during day time (7 hrs) and reduces load demand and generates useful data for future implementation of such PV plant projects in the Tamilnadu region. Photovoltaic plant was installed in April 2015, monitored during 6 months, and the performance ratio and the various power losses (power electronics, temperature, soiling, internal, network, grid availability and interconnection) were calculated. The PV plant supplied 64,182.86 KWh to the grid from April to September 2015, ranging from 11,510.900 to 10,200.9 kWh. The final yield ranged from 143.886 (h/d) to 127.51 (y/d), reference yield ranged from 201.6 (h/d) to 155.31 (h/d) and performance ratio ranged from 71.3% to 82.1%, for a duration of six months, it had given a performance ratio of 83.82%, system efficiency was 4.16% and the capacity factor of GRT IET Campus for six months was 18.26%. Payback period in years = 9 years 4 months, energy saving per year = 204,400 KWh, cost reduction per year = 1,737,400, Indian rupee = 26,197.30 USD and total CO<sub>2</sub> reductions per year = 102,200 tons CO<sub>2</sub>/year.
文摘This paper reviews the economic methodology used to justify a proposed 357 hectare (800 acre) Industrial Park that would breach the Urban Development Boundary (UDB) in Miami-Dade County, Florida, a boundary that had been established to constrain urban sprawl and protect the surrounding wetlands and farmlands. We will examine the socio-economic setting of the region, the ownership of the farmland parcels designated to become industrial sites, and the misuse of the promoters’ narrow economic analysis. Then we shall explain and compute correctly the likely job creation based on the author’s own survey of recently constructed industrial plants similar to those proposed for this site. Rather than an industrial park, we offer instead a newly-designed multi-purpose Recreational–Ecological–Agricultural Park (REAP) & Nature Preserve which would maintain the integrity of the rural landscape, connect the densely-populated neighborhoods to the mangrove shoreline, and open nature’s treasure chest to urban Miami and the wider public.
文摘The energy efficient product can be operated with longer duration.They offer wonderful solutions compared to other conventional water pumping system as it needs less maintenance,simple in installation,zero fuel cost,longer operating life,highly reliable and free from production of greenhouse gases.In this paper we analyzed the different topologies of DC–DC converter in terms of their operating region of MPPT,quality of input and output currents.We discussed the MPPT algorithms to address partial shading effects in SPV array,present state of the technology,factors affecting the performance of the system,efficiency improvements and identified the research gaps.Also,the economic feasibility analysis has been done for the real time scenario using the Homer Pro software.The estimation of total dynamic head and horse power calculation has been done to decide the total load capacity.The economic analysis results such as cumulative cash flow over project lifetime of 25 years are presented.It is observed that the capital investment requirement is$7,425 for installing Fronius PV system that has a nominal capacity of 2.47 kW and annualized savings will be$134.93.In the long-term perspective,the return on investment is−2.18%as per the present tariff plan.
文摘1. China’s environmental problems 1) Serious water pollution. Water is most indispensable to people’s life. Contaminated water will seriously affect people’s normal life and cause environmental degradation, putting people in the danger of catching various diseases. Therefore, everyone should save water and make full use of it. However, in China, water pollution is getting worse. China has abun-
文摘1.This study is one of The Applied Economic Institutes Linkages Project(AERIL)which is funded by theCanadian International Development Agency(CIDA)and jiontly managed by The Conference Board of Canada(CBOC)and the International Trade Research Institute in China.It is jointly implemented by the Institute ofEconomic Research of the Chinese State Planning Commission and the North—South Institute of Canada。
