China has a huge population with relatively poor freshwater resources.With the development of industry and the explosion of its urban population,a great deal of industrial waste water containing various chemicals and ...China has a huge population with relatively poor freshwater resources.With the development of industry and the explosion of its urban population,a great deal of industrial waste water containing various chemicals and untreated urban sewage has been discharged into rivers and lakes and caused severe contamination of many freshwater resources.The deterioration of the aquatic environment has affected the quality of drinking water, fishery and agricultural irrigation.It is estimated that by the 21st century,there will be a shortage of freshwater resources,which arc indispensable to human life, and the future shortage of freshwater展开更多
Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our ...Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our work in 2019 concerning the ecotoxicological effects of such formulations on corals (Seriatopora hystrix), we here provide some new information about the biodegradability and the ecotoxicological effects of these products on marine zoo- and phytoplankton. Therefore, we choose to realize in silico and in vitro studies of the biodegradability of several solar products but also to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these products on one phytoplankton, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and one zooplankton, i.e. Acartia tonsa, of a great importance for sea species survival (notably as sources of food). Materials and methods: Two different approaches were used to study the biodegradability of the tested products: One in silico method and an in vitro one. 2 solar products were involved in the in silico study which consisted in the determination of the degradation factor (DF) of each ingredient of the tested formulas in order to finally obtain their estimated biodegradability percentage. Already available data concerning each ingredient coupled to a computer model developed with one of our partners were used to achieve this study. The in vitro study involved 8 formulas containing UV-filters and was led by following the OECD 301 F guidelines. Ecotoxicological studies of 7 of the formulas containing UV-filters were for their part realized by following the ISO 10253 guidelines for the experiments led with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the ISO 14669 guidelines for the experiments led with Acartia tonsa. In these studies, the effect of each tested product on crustaceans’ mortality and algal growth inhibition was assessed. Results: The in silico study predicted that formulas containing chemical UV-filters display a high biodegradability (superior to the threshold value of 60% given by the OECD 301 F guidelines). In the in vitro part of our work, the 8 tested formulas showed a biodegradability slightly inferior to the one predicted in the in silico experiments. Therefore, in order to evaluate if these calculated biodegradability value could have significant harmful effects on zoo- or phytoplankton, we studied the effect of our products regarding the growth inhibition on Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the mortality on Acartia tonsa. In this last part of the study, all the tested products were classified as “non ecotoxic” following an internal classification based on Part 4 entitled “Environmental Hazards” of Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), 9<sup>th</sup> edition (2021). Conclusions: These results are notably in line with those published by our teams in 2019 on the effects of solar cosmetic products on corals and seem to confirm that formulas containing mineral and chemical UV-filters can be daily used without displaying significant noxious effects on marine fauna and flora. .展开更多
The aim of the series of papers is to discuss the application of Xenopus laevis, as model animal in biology, in ecotoxicology. X. laevis as model animal is wildly used in biological study and has pro- vided a lot of r...The aim of the series of papers is to discuss the application of Xenopus laevis, as model animal in biology, in ecotoxicology. X. laevis as model animal is wildly used in biological study and has pro- vided a lot of relating data because of many advan- tages, such as living in water and being easily main- tained, laying eggs in the whole year, and externally fertilizing and developing. Embryos and larvae of X. laevis like other amphibians are directly exposed in the aquatic environment and sensitive to pollutants. In addition, sex differentiation and sex organ devel- opment of X. laevis are sensitive to sex hormones and endocrine disruptors with sex hormone activities, which enable X. laevis to be used in studies on sex hormone disruption and reproductive toxicity of en- docrine disruptors. Metamorphic development of X. laevis is very sensitive to thyroid hormones and thy- roid disruptors, which enables X. laevis to be used for evaluating thyroid disruptors. Also, X. laevis ecotoxi- cology can be linked with amphibian population de- clines and malformed frog occurrence, being one of the hotspots in ecology. Thus, more and more labo- ratories have introduced X. laevis to ecotoxicological study. The quality of laboratory animals correlates with scientificity and reliability of results from animal experiments. It is especially important for toxicology. Quality control of X. laevis involving several factors such as water and food is discussed in this paper.展开更多
This paper summarizes the major environmental and ecotoxicological processes of heavy metals pollution from Dexing Copper Mine in Jiangxi Province based on various findings in the Cooperative Ecological Research Proje...This paper summarizes the major environmental and ecotoxicological processes of heavy metals pollution from Dexing Copper Mine in Jiangxi Province based on various findings in the Cooperative Ecological Research Project (CERP; Tang, 1994). It shows the knowledge necessary to elucidate metal pollution and its ecological implications. Processes devoted to the ecological implication include generation of acid mine drainage, formation of secondary minerals from precipitation, temporal and spatial distribution of metal pollutants in sediments and relevant toxicity, as well as ecosystem alternation which may relate to chemical pollution.\; From the results, it was stated that the major emphasis should be placed on the environmental processes associated with sediment pollution by heavy metals. It shows that ad/desorption on the inorganic minerals, such as Fe/Al oxyhydroxides, play an important role in the immobilization of heavy metals in this river. There were clear indications that metal pollution has resulted in the toxicological and ecological consequences and there would be the risk of secondary pollution in the way of mobilization of bound metals to the overlying water when environmental conditions are varied.展开更多
文摘China has a huge population with relatively poor freshwater resources.With the development of industry and the explosion of its urban population,a great deal of industrial waste water containing various chemicals and untreated urban sewage has been discharged into rivers and lakes and caused severe contamination of many freshwater resources.The deterioration of the aquatic environment has affected the quality of drinking water, fishery and agricultural irrigation.It is estimated that by the 21st century,there will be a shortage of freshwater resources,which arc indispensable to human life, and the future shortage of freshwater
文摘Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our work in 2019 concerning the ecotoxicological effects of such formulations on corals (Seriatopora hystrix), we here provide some new information about the biodegradability and the ecotoxicological effects of these products on marine zoo- and phytoplankton. Therefore, we choose to realize in silico and in vitro studies of the biodegradability of several solar products but also to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these products on one phytoplankton, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and one zooplankton, i.e. Acartia tonsa, of a great importance for sea species survival (notably as sources of food). Materials and methods: Two different approaches were used to study the biodegradability of the tested products: One in silico method and an in vitro one. 2 solar products were involved in the in silico study which consisted in the determination of the degradation factor (DF) of each ingredient of the tested formulas in order to finally obtain their estimated biodegradability percentage. Already available data concerning each ingredient coupled to a computer model developed with one of our partners were used to achieve this study. The in vitro study involved 8 formulas containing UV-filters and was led by following the OECD 301 F guidelines. Ecotoxicological studies of 7 of the formulas containing UV-filters were for their part realized by following the ISO 10253 guidelines for the experiments led with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the ISO 14669 guidelines for the experiments led with Acartia tonsa. In these studies, the effect of each tested product on crustaceans’ mortality and algal growth inhibition was assessed. Results: The in silico study predicted that formulas containing chemical UV-filters display a high biodegradability (superior to the threshold value of 60% given by the OECD 301 F guidelines). In the in vitro part of our work, the 8 tested formulas showed a biodegradability slightly inferior to the one predicted in the in silico experiments. Therefore, in order to evaluate if these calculated biodegradability value could have significant harmful effects on zoo- or phytoplankton, we studied the effect of our products regarding the growth inhibition on Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the mortality on Acartia tonsa. In this last part of the study, all the tested products were classified as “non ecotoxic” following an internal classification based on Part 4 entitled “Environmental Hazards” of Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), 9<sup>th</sup> edition (2021). Conclusions: These results are notably in line with those published by our teams in 2019 on the effects of solar cosmetic products on corals and seem to confirm that formulas containing mineral and chemical UV-filters can be daily used without displaying significant noxious effects on marine fauna and flora. .
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos.20377044 and 20437020）the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （Grant No.2003AA646010)the National Basic Research Program of China （Grant No.2003CB415005）.
文摘The aim of the series of papers is to discuss the application of Xenopus laevis, as model animal in biology, in ecotoxicology. X. laevis as model animal is wildly used in biological study and has pro- vided a lot of relating data because of many advan- tages, such as living in water and being easily main- tained, laying eggs in the whole year, and externally fertilizing and developing. Embryos and larvae of X. laevis like other amphibians are directly exposed in the aquatic environment and sensitive to pollutants. In addition, sex differentiation and sex organ devel- opment of X. laevis are sensitive to sex hormones and endocrine disruptors with sex hormone activities, which enable X. laevis to be used in studies on sex hormone disruption and reproductive toxicity of en- docrine disruptors. Metamorphic development of X. laevis is very sensitive to thyroid hormones and thy- roid disruptors, which enables X. laevis to be used for evaluating thyroid disruptors. Also, X. laevis ecotoxi- cology can be linked with amphibian population de- clines and malformed frog occurrence, being one of the hotspots in ecology. Thus, more and more labo- ratories have introduced X. laevis to ecotoxicological study. The quality of laboratory animals correlates with scientificity and reliability of results from animal experiments. It is especially important for toxicology. Quality control of X. laevis involving several factors such as water and food is discussed in this paper.
文摘This paper summarizes the major environmental and ecotoxicological processes of heavy metals pollution from Dexing Copper Mine in Jiangxi Province based on various findings in the Cooperative Ecological Research Project (CERP; Tang, 1994). It shows the knowledge necessary to elucidate metal pollution and its ecological implications. Processes devoted to the ecological implication include generation of acid mine drainage, formation of secondary minerals from precipitation, temporal and spatial distribution of metal pollutants in sediments and relevant toxicity, as well as ecosystem alternation which may relate to chemical pollution.\; From the results, it was stated that the major emphasis should be placed on the environmental processes associated with sediment pollution by heavy metals. It shows that ad/desorption on the inorganic minerals, such as Fe/Al oxyhydroxides, play an important role in the immobilization of heavy metals in this river. There were clear indications that metal pollution has resulted in the toxicological and ecological consequences and there would be the risk of secondary pollution in the way of mobilization of bound metals to the overlying water when environmental conditions are varied.
