Only by developing woody edible oilseeds industry can we ensure the safety of the important industrial chain and supply chain of vegetable edible oil in China.There are 13 kinds of woody edible oil plants in Hubei,inc...Only by developing woody edible oilseeds industry can we ensure the safety of the important industrial chain and supply chain of vegetable edible oil in China.There are 13 kinds of woody edible oil plants in Hubei,including Camellia oleifera Abel(oil tea),Juglans regia L.(walnut),Olea europaea L.(olive)and Paeonia suffruticosa(oil peony).This paper studies the main industries of woody edible oilseeds in Hubei Province and their intellectual property resources,and analyzes the main problems in their intellectual property protection,inheritance,innovation and development.Finally,it proposes some strategies,including carrying forward the traditional knowledge related to woody edible oilseeds,innovating the"agricultural chip",creating key counties of national woody edible oil seeds,and developing industrial clusters with national advantages and characteristics.展开更多
Only by improving the production capacity of domestic herbal edible oil can China ensure the safety of the supply chain of the important industrial chain of vegetable edible oil in China and practice the big food conc...Only by improving the production capacity of domestic herbal edible oil can China ensure the safety of the supply chain of the important industrial chain of vegetable edible oil in China and practice the big food concept.In addition to rice,maize,and soybean for using as grain and oil,there are eight kinds of herbaceous edible oil crops in Hubei Province,including rape,peanut,sesame,sunflower,perilla(perilla seed),cotton,linen and tiger nut(Cyperus esculentus).This paper studies the main industries of herbaceous edible oil crops and their intellectual property resources in Hubei Province,and analyzes the main problems of its inheritance,innovation and high-quality development under the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property.Finally,it proposes the countermeasures of carrying forward and inheriting traditional knowledge and traditional culture,maintaining the biodiversity of crops,strengthening the creation of new plant varieties and breeding patents,and opening up the whole chain of intellectual property rights.展开更多
Phytosterols,which are naturally occurring in plants,have excellent nutritional and health values on lowering both the blood cholesterol level and the risk of cardiovascular diseases.Edible oils are the main source of...Phytosterols,which are naturally occurring in plants,have excellent nutritional and health values on lowering both the blood cholesterol level and the risk of cardiovascular diseases.Edible oils are the main source of daily intake of phytosterols,whereas the properties of phytosterols may vary a lot depending on their sources.During the processing of edible oil including refining and frying,phytosterol's content fluctuates,which influences the properties of the final product.Phytosterols and their derivatives undergo physical migration between different phases and chemical conversion during the processing,which reduces the quality and the commercial value of edible oils.Therein,the loss of phytosterols is the major concern in the process of neutralization and deodorization.In addition,oxidation and thermal degradation of phytosterols occur simultaneously during frying,which also reduces the content of phytosterols.Nevertheless,the oil matrix has a promoting or an inhibitory effect on the thermal oxidation of phytosterols.Therefore,various efforts have been devoted to analyzing and improving the remaining contents of phytosterols in edible oil.Regardless of the processing method,temperature plays an important role in the loss of phytosterols.At present,themain analysismethods of phytosterols include gas chromatography and liquid chromatography,inwhich the pretreatment of different types of phytosterols is also a crucial step.This review focused on the following topics comprehensively:(i)the distribution of phytosterols in the oil-containing plants and edible oils during the refining processing;(ii)the pretreatment and analysis methods of various phytosterols(free phytosterols,phytosteryl fatty acid esters,phytosteryl glycosides and acylated phytosteryl glycosides);(iii)the variation of phytosterols in process of esterification and oxidation,storage and so on.The study also proposed that the investigation in the loss and safety of phytosterols during processing of the vegetable oils should be proceeded further in combination with efficient and accurate chromatography methods.展开更多
Edible oil is an important part of the human daily diet,which is popular in the food industry.People are paying increasing attention to the safety of edible oil as flawed oils have caused enormous international losses...Edible oil is an important part of the human daily diet,which is popular in the food industry.People are paying increasing attention to the safety of edible oil as flawed oils have caused enormous international losses and posed a huge threat to consumer health issues.Therefore,it is necessary and important to analyze the quality and safety of oil product.In the present study,we particularly reviewed recent literature on analysis of emerging pollutants in edible oil including mycotoxins,pesticide residues and heavy metals.In addition,a series of emerging analytical technologies(HPLC,LC-MS/MS and GC-MS)for these contaminants were also summarized in this paper.展开更多
Asparagopsis oil products are of interest due to the stabilizing effects of the Asparagopsis-derived antimethanogenic bioactive compound bromoform (CHBr<sub>3</sub>). The objective of this in vitro series ...Asparagopsis oil products are of interest due to the stabilizing effects of the Asparagopsis-derived antimethanogenic bioactive compound bromoform (CHBr<sub>3</sub>). The objective of this in vitro series is to characterize antimethanogenic efficacy of freeze-dried Asparagopsis (FD-Asp) and Asparagopsis oil (Asp-Oil) and compare relative antimethanogenic response over time at multiple levels of CHBr<sub>3</sub> delivery. Relative methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions (mL/g) are based on in vitro apparent feed digested dry matter (IVDDM) after 24, 48, and 72 h of fermentation. CHBr<sub>3</sub> contained in FD-Asp was included at 95, 191, and 286 mg/kg, and CHBr<sub>3</sub> contained in Asp-Oil was included at 78, 117, and 175 mg/kg, to produce the Low, Mid, and High inclusions, respectively. Low FD-Asp had no significant impact on CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, Mid FD-Asp demonstrated 91%, 44%, and 37% reductions, and the High FD-Asp demonstrated complete inhibition of CH<sub>4</sub>, after 24, 48, and 72 h of fermentation, respectively. Comparatively, Low Asp-Oil demonstrated a 46%, 28%, and 18% CH<sub>4</sub> reduction, Mid Asp-Oil resulted in 99%, 92%, and 73% reductions, and the High Asp-Oil demonstrated complete inhibition of CH<sub>4</sub> after 24, 48, and 72 h of fermentation, respectively. IVDDM and total volatile fatty acid (tVFA) production were not changed by the inclusion of FD-Asp and Asp-Oil. The results from this study show that Asparagopsis is not only a compelling CH<sub>4</sub> mitigating feed supplement but is also able to be delivered in edible oil forms which will strengthen its applicability to on-farm use. This study is promising for the utility of Asp-Oil, and in vivo trials are essential to demonstrate the extent of efficacy of Asp-Oil in ruminant animals because FD-Asp has consistently demonstrated greater antimethanogenic efficacy in vivo compared to in vitro.展开更多
The task of an independent laboratory within the trade of edible oils and fats is to determine the quality of shipped goods. Samples of the cargo are taken upon loading and discharge of a vessel and tested for the con...The task of an independent laboratory within the trade of edible oils and fats is to determine the quality of shipped goods. Samples of the cargo are taken upon loading and discharge of a vessel and tested for the contractual quality specifications. The testing is performed according to contractual agreed methods of analyses. The laboratory should be recognised by the trade organisations and be tested every year on its performance. Also there is an increasing demand for analyses on contaminants, e.g. pesticide residues. This is enforced by national and international legislation. Therefore, the laboratory should be equipped with the newest analytical instruments in order to detect the requested low levels of contaminants and should keep up with the latest methods of analyses. A brief introduction of the independent laboratory in the Netherlands, the main analytical indexes agreed in the contract in the oil and fat trade, the important quality parameters, the key pollutants (including pesticide residues, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mineral oil, phthalate, dioxin,monochloropropane, etc.) are summarized in this paper, in order to make readers understand the quality control and technical progress of the goods in the oil and fat trade by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the European Union (EU), provide some references for facilitating technology exchange.展开更多
The origin traceability of edible oil is an effective way to protect the legitimate rights and interests of producers and consumers.This review briefly summarizes research progress on origin traceability technologies ...The origin traceability of edible oil is an effective way to protect the legitimate rights and interests of producers and consumers.This review briefly summarizes research progress on origin traceability technologies for edible oils including stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry,mineral element fingerprint analysis,organic component fingerprint analysis,near-infrared spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance technology and biochemical analysis.Moreover,the development trends in edible oil origin traceability technology were proposed.展开更多
Alkali salts of tungsten based heteropoly acids with different central atom such as P, Si and Co were prepared and evaluated for transesterification of both edible and non-edible oils to their corresponding fatty acid...Alkali salts of tungsten based heteropoly acids with different central atom such as P, Si and Co were prepared and evaluated for transesterification of both edible and non-edible oils to their corresponding fatty acid methyl esters. The catalyst of sodium salt of tungstic acid with Co as central atom(Na5Co W12O40) showed optimum activity towards transesterification compared with other heteropoly tungstates.The catalysts activities were correlated with the observed physico-chemical characteristics derived from FT-infrared(FT-IR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia(NH3-TPD) and carbon dioxide(CO2-TPD). The Na5 Co W12O40catalyst exhibiting high activity even at 65°C is due to the presence of strong acidic as well as basic sites. The disclosed catalyst is tolerable towards water and free fatty acids present in the oils. The influence of catalyst loading, reaction time and reaction temperature is studied to optimize the reaction parameters.展开更多
Clinical and epidemiologic studies showed that among dietary factors the type of fatty acids (FAs) in the diet plays an important role in determining risk of chronic disease. The aim of our study was to determine the ...Clinical and epidemiologic studies showed that among dietary factors the type of fatty acids (FAs) in the diet plays an important role in determining risk of chronic disease. The aim of our study was to determine the levels of Trans FA (TFA) in edible oil samples consumed in Tehran, Iran analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC). The mean of total TFA was 0.45% ranging from (0.11% - 1.61%) for liquid frying oils and 2.92% ranging from (0.46% - 5.40%) for solid oils. The major TFA observed in these two groups was elaidic acid in solid oils. The highest content of total saturated fatty acid (SFA) was detected in solid oils with average of 32.07 and palmitic acid was the major SFA in these four groups. Linoleic and linolenic acid are the most important poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The variance in the percentage of TFA in the edible oils probably resulted from differences in the type of oils, quality, heating, processing technique and storage condition of the edible oils. The results indicated that, edible oils contain considerable proportions of trans fatty acids. Therefore, it is important to assess the content of TFA in edible oils in Iran.展开更多
When rapeseed oil, soybean oil and peanut oil were heated in air at the typical Chinese cookingtemperature 270- 280℃ for 30min , their anisidine values significantly increased. The contents of C18 : 3 inrapeseed and ...When rapeseed oil, soybean oil and peanut oil were heated in air at the typical Chinese cookingtemperature 270- 280℃ for 30min , their anisidine values significantly increased. The contents of C18 : 3 inrapeseed and soybean oils significantly decreased ;展开更多
Till now, most part of the biodiesel is produced from the refined vegetable oils using methanol as feedstock in the presence of an alkali catalyst. However, large amount of waste edible oils and grease are available. ...Till now, most part of the biodiesel is produced from the refined vegetable oils using methanol as feedstock in the presence of an alkali catalyst. However, large amount of waste edible oils and grease are available. The difficulty with alkali-catalyzed esterification of these oils is that they often contain large amount of free fatty acids (FFA), polymers and decomposition products. These free fatty acids can quickly react with the alkali catalyst to produce soaps that inhibit the separation of the ester and glycerine. An esterification and transesterification process is developed to convert the high FFA oil to its monoesters. The first step, the acidcatalyzed esterification with glycerine and these FFA reduces the FFA content of the oil and grease to less than3%, and then an azeotropic distillation solvent is used to remove the water. The major factors affecting the conversion efficiency of the process such as glycerol to free fatty acid molar ratio, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and reaction duration are analyzed. The second step, alkali-catalyzed transesterification process converts the products of the first step to its monoesters and glycerol, and then the glycerol is recycled for utilization in the first step. Technical indicators of the biodiesel product can meet the ASTM 6751 standard.展开更多
Bio-jet fuel produced from non-edible oilseeds can be an alternative to fossil fuels with the benefits of increasing national energy security, reducing environmental impact, and fostering rural economic growth. Effici...Bio-jet fuel produced from non-edible oilseeds can be an alternative to fossil fuels with the benefits of increasing national energy security, reducing environmental impact, and fostering rural economic growth. Efficient oil extraction from oilseeds is critical for economic production of bio-jet fuels. Oil extractions from camelina (sativa) and canola (Brassica napus) seeds were conducted using a cold press method. The effect of the frequency controlling the screw rotation speed on the oil recovery and quality was discussed. Characterization of the produced raw vegetable oils, such as heating value, elemental content and main chemical compositions, was carried out. The results showed that the oil recovery increased when the frequency decreased. The highest oil recoveries for camelina and canola seeds were 88.2% and 84.1% respectively, both at 15 Hz. The cold press frequency and processing temperature (97.2°C - 106.0°C) had a minor influence on the qualities and recovery of both camelina and canola oils. In addition, camelina and canola oils produced at 15 Hz underwent catalytic cracking to examine potential hydrocarbon fuels production. It was observed that some of oil physicochemical properties were improved after catalytic cracking. Although more study is needed for further improvement of oil recovery and qualities, cold press could be an efficient method for oil extraction from non-edible oilseeds. Additionally, the preliminary results of upgrading the oils produced show very promising for future bio-jet fuels production.展开更多
Since peanut oil(PO) is more expensive than other seed oils, some PO is adulterated with other cheap seed oils, such as soybean oil, palm olein, cottonseed oil, corn oil and rapeseed oil. The conventional method for d...Since peanut oil(PO) is more expensive than other seed oils, some PO is adulterated with other cheap seed oils, such as soybean oil, palm olein, cottonseed oil, corn oil and rapeseed oil. The conventional method for deter mining whether PO was adulterated is to detect the freezing point of oils. The proposed method for the determination of adulterants in PO was based on monitoring the change of absorbance when the sample was refrigerated. A special spectrophotometer was developed. A total of 10 kinds of POs from different suppliers were chosen and adulterated with other seed oils at the volume fraction levels ranging from 5% to 30%. A total of 150 samples were analyzed by the proposed method and the results were satisfactory.展开更多
Esters of 2- and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (MCPD) are significative contaminants of processed edible oils used as foods or food ingredients. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new method by GC-MS f...Esters of 2- and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (MCPD) are significative contaminants of processed edible oils used as foods or food ingredients. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new method by GC-MS for the simultaneous quantification of 2 and 3-MCPD esters in infant milk powder and edible vegetable oils. The developed protocol included fat fraction in infant milk powder and edible vegetable oils samples was extracted and treated with sodium methylate-methanol to cleave the ester bonds of the 2- and 3-MCPD esters, moreover, standard samples of deuterium isotope-labeled 2- and 3-MCPD palmitic acid double esters and stearic acid double esters were used as the internal standards. Furthermore, this method was validated when it was applied to food products, concrete manifestation in its good accuracy (the recovery of MCPD esters ranged from 86% to 114%), high sensitivity (the LOD of 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD esters were 0.025 and 0.020 mg/kg, LOQ were 0.075, 0.060 mg/kg, respectively) and satisfactory repeatability (RSD below 6.8%) for all analytes. In the 150 commercial edible vegetable oils and infant formula milk powder samples, we obtained a preliminary profile of MCPD ester contamination.展开更多
The physicochemical properties and composition of coix seed oil produced by Monascus purpureus fermentation and supercritical CO_(2)extraction were determined.Anti-lipid-oxidation and edible safety were evaluated usin...The physicochemical properties and composition of coix seed oil produced by Monascus purpureus fermentation and supercritical CO_(2)extraction were determined.Anti-lipid-oxidation and edible safety were evaluated using a cholesterol-fish oil model,acute oral toxicity assay,and genetic toxicity assay in vitro and in vivo,respectively.The results show that the extraction oil from fermented coix seed(FCS-O)had good physicochemical quality and abundant active components with physiological function.In particular,γ-tocotrienol,γ-oryzanol,coixenolide and oleic acid concentrations reached 72.83μg/g,745.96μg/g,9.65 mg/g and 316.58 mg/100 g DW,respectively.The FCS-O exhibited higher antioxidant capability in inhibiting lipid oxidation and peroxidation.Compared to the blank control,the concentrations of 7-ketocholestreol and peroxide only were 8.42μg/mL and 16.16 mmol/kg at 168 h of oxidation(P<0.01).In addition,the FCS-O has been confirmed to be a very safe edible oil,with no acute toxicity(LD50>10 g/kg bw,considered actually non-toxic)and no induced mutagenicity,cytotoxicity or genotoxicity.These results serve as a good safety reference for future application of the oil from fermented coix seed.The development and utilization of this kind of oil will be beneficial as a food,food ingredient,nutritional supplement,or natural food antioxidant to promote good health function.展开更多
A new ultra-long chain monounsaturated 4-(N-nervonicamidopropyl-N,N-dimethylammonium)butane sulfonate(NDAS)zwitterionic surfactant with ultralow interfacial tensions was developed through the modification of nervonic ...A new ultra-long chain monounsaturated 4-(N-nervonicamidopropyl-N,N-dimethylammonium)butane sulfonate(NDAS)zwitterionic surfactant with ultralow interfacial tensions was developed through the modification of nervonic acid derived from renewable non-edible seed oils by a simple and effective method.Its structure was characterized by ESI-HRMS,1 H NMR,and 13 C NMR.NDAS surfactant exhibited a strong interfacial activity(~10^(-4) mN/m)between the crude oil and the formation brine at a very low surfactant dosage(0.05 g/L)and at high salinity conditions,which is equivalent to 2%(w/w)of dosage of the most traditional surfactants used in the enhanced oil recovery field.Meanwhile,at a very low concentration(0.05 g/L),NDAS demonstrated strong NaCl compatibility up to 100 g/L,Ca^(2+)ions compatibility up to 200 mg/L,and temperature stability up to 90℃.The surface tension,emulsification,and biodegradability parameters were also evaluated.This work consolidates our hypothesis that increasing the hydrophobic chain length of a surfactant certainly contributes to the high interfacial activity and good compatibility of salts and temperatures.Hence,it will facilitate the design of a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based chemicals to develop bio-based surfactants and extend the domain of bio-based surfactants to new applications such as in enhanced oil recovery(EOR).展开更多
As important supplementary to major edible oils, comparative chemical advantages of minor edible oils decidetheir development and usage. In this study, chemical composition of 13 kinds of specific edible vegetable oil...As important supplementary to major edible oils, comparative chemical advantages of minor edible oils decidetheir development and usage. In this study, chemical composition of 13 kinds of specific edible vegetable oilswere investigated. The comparative advantages of chemical compositions of these edible oils were obtained asfollows: (1) camellia, tiger nut and almond oil were rich in oleic acid, the contents of which accounted for79.43%, 69.16% and 66.26%, respectively;(2) safflower oil contained the highest content of linoleic acid(76.69%), followed by grape seed (66.85%) and walnut oil (57.30%);(3) perilla seed, siritch, peony seed andherbaceous peony seed oil were rich in α-linolenic acid (59.61%, 43.74%, 40.83% and 30.84%, respectively);(4)the total phytosterol contents of these oils ranged from 91.46 mg/100 g (camellia oil) to 506.46 mg/100 g (siritchoil);and (5) The best source of tocopherols was sacha inchi oil (122.74 mg/100 g), followed by perilla seed oil(55.89 mg/100 g), peony seed oil (53.73 mg/100 g) and herbaceous peony seed oil (47.17 mg/100 g). Thecomparative advantages of these specific edible oils indicated that they possess the high potential nutritionalvalues and health care functions.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Soft Science Research Project for Hubei Province Science and Technology Innovation Talents and Services(2022EDA060).
文摘Only by developing woody edible oilseeds industry can we ensure the safety of the important industrial chain and supply chain of vegetable edible oil in China.There are 13 kinds of woody edible oil plants in Hubei,including Camellia oleifera Abel(oil tea),Juglans regia L.(walnut),Olea europaea L.(olive)and Paeonia suffruticosa(oil peony).This paper studies the main industries of woody edible oilseeds in Hubei Province and their intellectual property resources,and analyzes the main problems in their intellectual property protection,inheritance,innovation and development.Finally,it proposes some strategies,including carrying forward the traditional knowledge related to woody edible oilseeds,innovating the"agricultural chip",creating key counties of national woody edible oil seeds,and developing industrial clusters with national advantages and characteristics.
基金Supported by Special Soft Science Research Project for Hubei Province Science and Technology Innovation Talents and Services (2022EDA060).
文摘Only by improving the production capacity of domestic herbal edible oil can China ensure the safety of the supply chain of the important industrial chain of vegetable edible oil in China and practice the big food concept.In addition to rice,maize,and soybean for using as grain and oil,there are eight kinds of herbaceous edible oil crops in Hubei Province,including rape,peanut,sesame,sunflower,perilla(perilla seed),cotton,linen and tiger nut(Cyperus esculentus).This paper studies the main industries of herbaceous edible oil crops and their intellectual property resources in Hubei Province,and analyzes the main problems of its inheritance,innovation and high-quality development under the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property.Finally,it proposes the countermeasures of carrying forward and inheriting traditional knowledge and traditional culture,maintaining the biodiversity of crops,strengthening the creation of new plant varieties and breeding patents,and opening up the whole chain of intellectual property rights.
基金supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(No.31972110)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0401102).
文摘Phytosterols,which are naturally occurring in plants,have excellent nutritional and health values on lowering both the blood cholesterol level and the risk of cardiovascular diseases.Edible oils are the main source of daily intake of phytosterols,whereas the properties of phytosterols may vary a lot depending on their sources.During the processing of edible oil including refining and frying,phytosterol's content fluctuates,which influences the properties of the final product.Phytosterols and their derivatives undergo physical migration between different phases and chemical conversion during the processing,which reduces the quality and the commercial value of edible oils.Therein,the loss of phytosterols is the major concern in the process of neutralization and deodorization.In addition,oxidation and thermal degradation of phytosterols occur simultaneously during frying,which also reduces the content of phytosterols.Nevertheless,the oil matrix has a promoting or an inhibitory effect on the thermal oxidation of phytosterols.Therefore,various efforts have been devoted to analyzing and improving the remaining contents of phytosterols in edible oil.Regardless of the processing method,temperature plays an important role in the loss of phytosterols.At present,themain analysismethods of phytosterols include gas chromatography and liquid chromatography,inwhich the pretreatment of different types of phytosterols is also a crucial step.This review focused on the following topics comprehensively:(i)the distribution of phytosterols in the oil-containing plants and edible oils during the refining processing;(ii)the pretreatment and analysis methods of various phytosterols(free phytosterols,phytosteryl fatty acid esters,phytosteryl glycosides and acylated phytosteryl glycosides);(iii)the variation of phytosterols in process of esterification and oxidation,storage and so on.The study also proposed that the investigation in the loss and safety of phytosterols during processing of the vegetable oils should be proceeded further in combination with efficient and accurate chromatography methods.
基金funded by the Applied basic research plan of Hebei province-key basic research projects(17967502D)2020-Innovation Project-An Yi.
文摘Edible oil is an important part of the human daily diet,which is popular in the food industry.People are paying increasing attention to the safety of edible oil as flawed oils have caused enormous international losses and posed a huge threat to consumer health issues.Therefore,it is necessary and important to analyze the quality and safety of oil product.In the present study,we particularly reviewed recent literature on analysis of emerging pollutants in edible oil including mycotoxins,pesticide residues and heavy metals.In addition,a series of emerging analytical technologies(HPLC,LC-MS/MS and GC-MS)for these contaminants were also summarized in this paper.
文摘Asparagopsis oil products are of interest due to the stabilizing effects of the Asparagopsis-derived antimethanogenic bioactive compound bromoform (CHBr<sub>3</sub>). The objective of this in vitro series is to characterize antimethanogenic efficacy of freeze-dried Asparagopsis (FD-Asp) and Asparagopsis oil (Asp-Oil) and compare relative antimethanogenic response over time at multiple levels of CHBr<sub>3</sub> delivery. Relative methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions (mL/g) are based on in vitro apparent feed digested dry matter (IVDDM) after 24, 48, and 72 h of fermentation. CHBr<sub>3</sub> contained in FD-Asp was included at 95, 191, and 286 mg/kg, and CHBr<sub>3</sub> contained in Asp-Oil was included at 78, 117, and 175 mg/kg, to produce the Low, Mid, and High inclusions, respectively. Low FD-Asp had no significant impact on CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, Mid FD-Asp demonstrated 91%, 44%, and 37% reductions, and the High FD-Asp demonstrated complete inhibition of CH<sub>4</sub>, after 24, 48, and 72 h of fermentation, respectively. Comparatively, Low Asp-Oil demonstrated a 46%, 28%, and 18% CH<sub>4</sub> reduction, Mid Asp-Oil resulted in 99%, 92%, and 73% reductions, and the High Asp-Oil demonstrated complete inhibition of CH<sub>4</sub> after 24, 48, and 72 h of fermentation, respectively. IVDDM and total volatile fatty acid (tVFA) production were not changed by the inclusion of FD-Asp and Asp-Oil. The results from this study show that Asparagopsis is not only a compelling CH<sub>4</sub> mitigating feed supplement but is also able to be delivered in edible oil forms which will strengthen its applicability to on-farm use. This study is promising for the utility of Asp-Oil, and in vivo trials are essential to demonstrate the extent of efficacy of Asp-Oil in ruminant animals because FD-Asp has consistently demonstrated greater antimethanogenic efficacy in vivo compared to in vitro.
文摘The task of an independent laboratory within the trade of edible oils and fats is to determine the quality of shipped goods. Samples of the cargo are taken upon loading and discharge of a vessel and tested for the contractual quality specifications. The testing is performed according to contractual agreed methods of analyses. The laboratory should be recognised by the trade organisations and be tested every year on its performance. Also there is an increasing demand for analyses on contaminants, e.g. pesticide residues. This is enforced by national and international legislation. Therefore, the laboratory should be equipped with the newest analytical instruments in order to detect the requested low levels of contaminants and should keep up with the latest methods of analyses. A brief introduction of the independent laboratory in the Netherlands, the main analytical indexes agreed in the contract in the oil and fat trade, the important quality parameters, the key pollutants (including pesticide residues, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mineral oil, phthalate, dioxin,monochloropropane, etc.) are summarized in this paper, in order to make readers understand the quality control and technical progress of the goods in the oil and fat trade by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the European Union (EU), provide some references for facilitating technology exchange.
基金This work was supported by the National Nature Foundation Committee of P.R.China(31871886,31671858)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture research system(CARS-12)+2 种基金the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2019JJ40114)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,China(18A108)the Major Research plan of the Changsha(kq1801016).
文摘The origin traceability of edible oil is an effective way to protect the legitimate rights and interests of producers and consumers.This review briefly summarizes research progress on origin traceability technologies for edible oils including stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry,mineral element fingerprint analysis,organic component fingerprint analysis,near-infrared spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance technology and biochemical analysis.Moreover,the development trends in edible oil origin traceability technology were proposed.
文摘Alkali salts of tungsten based heteropoly acids with different central atom such as P, Si and Co were prepared and evaluated for transesterification of both edible and non-edible oils to their corresponding fatty acid methyl esters. The catalyst of sodium salt of tungstic acid with Co as central atom(Na5Co W12O40) showed optimum activity towards transesterification compared with other heteropoly tungstates.The catalysts activities were correlated with the observed physico-chemical characteristics derived from FT-infrared(FT-IR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia(NH3-TPD) and carbon dioxide(CO2-TPD). The Na5 Co W12O40catalyst exhibiting high activity even at 65°C is due to the presence of strong acidic as well as basic sites. The disclosed catalyst is tolerable towards water and free fatty acids present in the oils. The influence of catalyst loading, reaction time and reaction temperature is studied to optimize the reaction parameters.
文摘Clinical and epidemiologic studies showed that among dietary factors the type of fatty acids (FAs) in the diet plays an important role in determining risk of chronic disease. The aim of our study was to determine the levels of Trans FA (TFA) in edible oil samples consumed in Tehran, Iran analyzed by gas chromatograph (GC). The mean of total TFA was 0.45% ranging from (0.11% - 1.61%) for liquid frying oils and 2.92% ranging from (0.46% - 5.40%) for solid oils. The major TFA observed in these two groups was elaidic acid in solid oils. The highest content of total saturated fatty acid (SFA) was detected in solid oils with average of 32.07 and palmitic acid was the major SFA in these four groups. Linoleic and linolenic acid are the most important poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The variance in the percentage of TFA in the edible oils probably resulted from differences in the type of oils, quality, heating, processing technique and storage condition of the edible oils. The results indicated that, edible oils contain considerable proportions of trans fatty acids. Therefore, it is important to assess the content of TFA in edible oils in Iran.
文摘When rapeseed oil, soybean oil and peanut oil were heated in air at the typical Chinese cookingtemperature 270- 280℃ for 30min , their anisidine values significantly increased. The contents of C18 : 3 inrapeseed and soybean oils significantly decreased ;
文摘Till now, most part of the biodiesel is produced from the refined vegetable oils using methanol as feedstock in the presence of an alkali catalyst. However, large amount of waste edible oils and grease are available. The difficulty with alkali-catalyzed esterification of these oils is that they often contain large amount of free fatty acids (FFA), polymers and decomposition products. These free fatty acids can quickly react with the alkali catalyst to produce soaps that inhibit the separation of the ester and glycerine. An esterification and transesterification process is developed to convert the high FFA oil to its monoesters. The first step, the acidcatalyzed esterification with glycerine and these FFA reduces the FFA content of the oil and grease to less than3%, and then an azeotropic distillation solvent is used to remove the water. The major factors affecting the conversion efficiency of the process such as glycerol to free fatty acid molar ratio, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and reaction duration are analyzed. The second step, alkali-catalyzed transesterification process converts the products of the first step to its monoesters and glycerol, and then the glycerol is recycled for utilization in the first step. Technical indicators of the biodiesel product can meet the ASTM 6751 standard.
文摘Bio-jet fuel produced from non-edible oilseeds can be an alternative to fossil fuels with the benefits of increasing national energy security, reducing environmental impact, and fostering rural economic growth. Efficient oil extraction from oilseeds is critical for economic production of bio-jet fuels. Oil extractions from camelina (sativa) and canola (Brassica napus) seeds were conducted using a cold press method. The effect of the frequency controlling the screw rotation speed on the oil recovery and quality was discussed. Characterization of the produced raw vegetable oils, such as heating value, elemental content and main chemical compositions, was carried out. The results showed that the oil recovery increased when the frequency decreased. The highest oil recoveries for camelina and canola seeds were 88.2% and 84.1% respectively, both at 15 Hz. The cold press frequency and processing temperature (97.2°C - 106.0°C) had a minor influence on the qualities and recovery of both camelina and canola oils. In addition, camelina and canola oils produced at 15 Hz underwent catalytic cracking to examine potential hydrocarbon fuels production. It was observed that some of oil physicochemical properties were improved after catalytic cracking. Although more study is needed for further improvement of oil recovery and qualities, cold press could be an efficient method for oil extraction from non-edible oilseeds. Additionally, the preliminary results of upgrading the oils produced show very promising for future bio-jet fuels production.
基金Supported by the Fund of Changchun Jilin University Little Swan Instrument Co., Ltd., China(No.GDYQ 2009-201SP)
文摘Since peanut oil(PO) is more expensive than other seed oils, some PO is adulterated with other cheap seed oils, such as soybean oil, palm olein, cottonseed oil, corn oil and rapeseed oil. The conventional method for deter mining whether PO was adulterated is to detect the freezing point of oils. The proposed method for the determination of adulterants in PO was based on monitoring the change of absorbance when the sample was refrigerated. A special spectrophotometer was developed. A total of 10 kinds of POs from different suppliers were chosen and adulterated with other seed oils at the volume fraction levels ranging from 5% to 30%. A total of 150 samples were analyzed by the proposed method and the results were satisfactory.
基金This work was supported by Special Fund for Grain -scientific Research in the Public Interest （201513006-02）, Special Fund for Agro -scientific Research in the Public Interest （201203094）, Natural Science Foundation of China （31401601）.
基金This work was supported by the Project of National Science ＆ Technology Pillar Plan （2012BAK08B03 ）；the National Major Project for Agro - product Quality ＆ Safety Risk Assessment （ GJFP2016006）；the National Natural Science Foundation of China （21205118 ）；the earmarked fund for China Agriculture research system （ CARS - 13 ）.
文摘Esters of 2- and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (MCPD) are significative contaminants of processed edible oils used as foods or food ingredients. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new method by GC-MS for the simultaneous quantification of 2 and 3-MCPD esters in infant milk powder and edible vegetable oils. The developed protocol included fat fraction in infant milk powder and edible vegetable oils samples was extracted and treated with sodium methylate-methanol to cleave the ester bonds of the 2- and 3-MCPD esters, moreover, standard samples of deuterium isotope-labeled 2- and 3-MCPD palmitic acid double esters and stearic acid double esters were used as the internal standards. Furthermore, this method was validated when it was applied to food products, concrete manifestation in its good accuracy (the recovery of MCPD esters ranged from 86% to 114%), high sensitivity (the LOD of 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD esters were 0.025 and 0.020 mg/kg, LOQ were 0.075, 0.060 mg/kg, respectively) and satisfactory repeatability (RSD below 6.8%) for all analytes. In the 150 commercial edible vegetable oils and infant formula milk powder samples, we obtained a preliminary profile of MCPD ester contamination.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(32260583)the Agriculture Committee of Guizhou Province[(2017)106&(2018)81]the Talent Introduction Program of Guizhou University[(2021)76].
文摘The physicochemical properties and composition of coix seed oil produced by Monascus purpureus fermentation and supercritical CO_(2)extraction were determined.Anti-lipid-oxidation and edible safety were evaluated using a cholesterol-fish oil model,acute oral toxicity assay,and genetic toxicity assay in vitro and in vivo,respectively.The results show that the extraction oil from fermented coix seed(FCS-O)had good physicochemical quality and abundant active components with physiological function.In particular,γ-tocotrienol,γ-oryzanol,coixenolide and oleic acid concentrations reached 72.83μg/g,745.96μg/g,9.65 mg/g and 316.58 mg/100 g DW,respectively.The FCS-O exhibited higher antioxidant capability in inhibiting lipid oxidation and peroxidation.Compared to the blank control,the concentrations of 7-ketocholestreol and peroxide only were 8.42μg/mL and 16.16 mmol/kg at 168 h of oxidation(P<0.01).In addition,the FCS-O has been confirmed to be a very safe edible oil,with no acute toxicity(LD50>10 g/kg bw,considered actually non-toxic)and no induced mutagenicity,cytotoxicity or genotoxicity.These results serve as a good safety reference for future application of the oil from fermented coix seed.The development and utilization of this kind of oil will be beneficial as a food,food ingredient,nutritional supplement,or natural food antioxidant to promote good health function.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFB0308900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51574125)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. 50321101917017)provided by Research Program of State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
文摘A new ultra-long chain monounsaturated 4-(N-nervonicamidopropyl-N,N-dimethylammonium)butane sulfonate(NDAS)zwitterionic surfactant with ultralow interfacial tensions was developed through the modification of nervonic acid derived from renewable non-edible seed oils by a simple and effective method.Its structure was characterized by ESI-HRMS,1 H NMR,and 13 C NMR.NDAS surfactant exhibited a strong interfacial activity(~10^(-4) mN/m)between the crude oil and the formation brine at a very low surfactant dosage(0.05 g/L)and at high salinity conditions,which is equivalent to 2%(w/w)of dosage of the most traditional surfactants used in the enhanced oil recovery field.Meanwhile,at a very low concentration(0.05 g/L),NDAS demonstrated strong NaCl compatibility up to 100 g/L,Ca^(2+)ions compatibility up to 200 mg/L,and temperature stability up to 90℃.The surface tension,emulsification,and biodegradability parameters were also evaluated.This work consolidates our hypothesis that increasing the hydrophobic chain length of a surfactant certainly contributes to the high interfacial activity and good compatibility of salts and temperatures.Hence,it will facilitate the design of a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based chemicals to develop bio-based surfactants and extend the domain of bio-based surfactants to new applications such as in enhanced oil recovery(EOR).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFD1600101)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture research system(CARS-12 and CARS-13)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI).
文摘As important supplementary to major edible oils, comparative chemical advantages of minor edible oils decidetheir development and usage. In this study, chemical composition of 13 kinds of specific edible vegetable oilswere investigated. The comparative advantages of chemical compositions of these edible oils were obtained asfollows: (1) camellia, tiger nut and almond oil were rich in oleic acid, the contents of which accounted for79.43%, 69.16% and 66.26%, respectively;(2) safflower oil contained the highest content of linoleic acid(76.69%), followed by grape seed (66.85%) and walnut oil (57.30%);(3) perilla seed, siritch, peony seed andherbaceous peony seed oil were rich in α-linolenic acid (59.61%, 43.74%, 40.83% and 30.84%, respectively);(4)the total phytosterol contents of these oils ranged from 91.46 mg/100 g (camellia oil) to 506.46 mg/100 g (siritchoil);and (5) The best source of tocopherols was sacha inchi oil (122.74 mg/100 g), followed by perilla seed oil(55.89 mg/100 g), peony seed oil (53.73 mg/100 g) and herbaceous peony seed oil (47.17 mg/100 g). Thecomparative advantages of these specific edible oils indicated that they possess the high potential nutritionalvalues and health care functions.
