Currently available commercial nerve guidance conduits have been applied in the repair of peripheral nerve defects.However,a conduit exhibiting good biocompatibility remains to be developed.In this work,a series of ch...Currently available commercial nerve guidance conduits have been applied in the repair of peripheral nerve defects.However,a conduit exhibiting good biocompatibility remains to be developed.In this work,a series of chitosan/graphene oxide(GO)films with concentrations of GO varying from 0-1 wt%(collectively referred to as CHGF-n)were prepared by an electrodeposition technique.The effects of CHGF-n on proliferation and adhesion abilities of Schwann cells were evaluated.The results showed that Schwann cells exhibited elongated spindle shapes and upregulated expression of nerve regeneration-related factors such as Krox20(a key myelination factor),Zeb2(essential for Schwann cell differentiation,myelination,and nerve repair),and transforming growth factorβ(a cytokine with regenerative functions).In addition,a nerve guidance conduit with a GO content of 0.25%(CHGFC-0.25)was implanted to repair a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats.The results indicated improvements in sciatic functional index,electrophysiology,and sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle histology compared with the CHGFC-0 group,and similar outcomes to the autograft group.In conclusion,we provide a candidate method for the repair of peripheral nerve defects using free-standing chitosan/GO nerve conduits produced by electrodeposition.展开更多
Lithium metal anode is almost the ultimate choice for high-energy density rechargeable batteries, but its uneven electrochemical dissolution-deposition characteristics lead to poor cycle stability and lithium dendrite...Lithium metal anode is almost the ultimate choice for high-energy density rechargeable batteries, but its uneven electrochemical dissolution-deposition characteristics lead to poor cycle stability and lithium dendrites safety problems. The fundamental solution to the problems is to interfere electrodeposition process of lithium metal so that it can be carried out reversibly and stably. In this work, an inverse-opal structured TiO2membrane with a thickness of only ~1 μm is designed to regulate the electrodeposition behavior of lithium metal, in which the ordered channels homogenize mass transfer process, the anatase TiO_(2)walls of the ion channels reduce desolvation barrier of solvated lithium-ions, and the spherical cavities with a diameter of ~300 nm confine migration of the adsorbed lithium atoms during electrocrystallization to diminish overpotential of lithium. These systematic effects cover and essentially change the whole process of electrodeposition of lithium metal and eliminate the possibility of lithium dendrite formation. The as-obtained lithium metal electrode delivers a Coulombic efficiency of 99.86% in the 100th cycle, and maintains a low deposition overpotential of 0.01 V for 800 h.展开更多
Tin-based materials are very attractive anodes because of their high theoretical capacity,but their rapid capacity fading from volume expansions limits their practical applications during alloying and dealloying proce...Tin-based materials are very attractive anodes because of their high theoretical capacity,but their rapid capacity fading from volume expansions limits their practical applications during alloying and dealloying processes.Herein,the improved binder-free tin-copper intermetallic/carbon nanotubes(Cu6Sn5/CNTs)alloy thin-film electrodes are directly fabricated through efficient in situ electrodeposition from the leaching solution of treated waste-printed circuit boards(WPCBs).The characterization results show that the easily agglomerated Cu6Sn5 alloy nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed across the three-dimensional network when the CNTs concentration in the electrodeposition solution is maintained at 0.2 g·L−1.Moreover,the optimal Cu6Sn5/CNTs-0.2 alloy thin-film electrode can not only provide a decent discharge specific capacity of 458.35 mAh·g^(−1)after 50 cycles at 100 mA·g^(−1)within capacity retention of 82.58%but also deliver a relatively high reversible specific capacity of 518.24,445.52,418.18,345.33,and 278.05 mAh·g^(−1)at step-increased current density of 0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0,and 2.0 A·g^(−1),respectively.Therefore,the preparation process of the Cu6Sn5/CNTs-0.2 alloy thin-film electrode with improved electrochemical performance may provide a cost-effective strategy for the resource utilization of WPCBs to fabricate anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Three types of electrodeposition,DC electrodeposition,low-frequency pulsed electrodeposition and high-frequency pulsed electrodeposition,were used to deposit cuprous oxide on the concrete surface to improve the antiba...Three types of electrodeposition,DC electrodeposition,low-frequency pulsed electrodeposition and high-frequency pulsed electrodeposition,were used to deposit cuprous oxide on the concrete surface to improve the antibacterial properties of concrete.The effects of pulse deposition frequency on the antibacterial property of concrete were studied using sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)as model bacteria.The bacterial concentration and the antibacterial rate were measured to evaluate the antibacterial performance of concrete.The effects of different deposition methods on the elemental content of copper and the amount of copper ions exuded were studied.XRD and SEM were used to analyze the microstructure of the deposited layers.The experimental results show that the concrete treated by electrodeposition exhibited good antibacterial properties against SRB and E.coli.The antibacterial effect of cuprous oxide deposited on concrete by pulse method was better than that by direct current(DC)method.The antibacterial rate of concrete was positively correlated with the exudation rate of copper ion.As the pulse frequency increased,the deposits content on the surface was increased with an accompanying improvement in the antibacterial property.Besides,the pulsed current had an indiscernible effect on the composition of the sediments,which were all mainly composed of Cu_(2)O,but the morphology of the Cu_(2)O differed greatly.Cubic octahedral cuprous oxide had better antibacterial properties with the highest copper ion leaching rate compared with cubic and spherical cuprous oxide.展开更多
Electrochemical behaviors of Zn-Fe alloy and Zn-Fe-TiO2 composite electrodeposition in alkaline zincatesolutions were studied respectively by the methods of linear potential sweep and cyclic voltammetry. From the re-s...Electrochemical behaviors of Zn-Fe alloy and Zn-Fe-TiO2 composite electrodeposition in alkaline zincatesolutions were studied respectively by the methods of linear potential sweep and cyclic voltammetry. From the re-sults it can be concluded that Zn shows under potential deposition, Zn-Fe alloy codeposition is anomalous codeposi-tion and Zn-Fe alloy cathode polarization is increased with the introduction of additive. From the view point of elec-trochemistry, the reasons that the content of Fe in the Zn-Fe coating changes with the composition of the electrolyteand the process conditions altering and the relationship between the content of Fe and the appearance of the coatingare interpreted. The cathode polarization of Zn-Fe alloy codeposition is enhanced obviously with addition of additive.In the course of composite electrodeposition, TiO2 has less promotion to electrodeposition of zinc ions than to iron i-ons, while the electrodeposition of iron ions improves the content of TiO2 in composite coating, which is inagreement with the results of process experiments.展开更多
Sn Co alloy nanowires were successfully electrodeposited from Sn Cl2-Co Cl2-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(EMIC) ionic liquid without a template. The nanowires were obtained from the molar ratio of 5:40:60 for S...Sn Co alloy nanowires were successfully electrodeposited from Sn Cl2-Co Cl2-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(EMIC) ionic liquid without a template. The nanowires were obtained from the molar ratio of 5:40:60 for Sn Cl2(25)Co Cl2(25)EMIC at-0.55 V and showed a minimum diameter of about 50 nm and lengths of over 20 μm. The as-fabricated SnCo nanowires were about 70 nm in diameter and featured a Sn/Co weight ratio of 3.85:1, when used as an anode for a Li-ion battery, they presented respective specific capacities of 687 and 678 m Ah·g^(-1) after the first charge and discharge cycle and maintained capacities of about 654 m Ah·g^(-1) after 60 cycles and 539 m Ah·g^(-1) after 80 cycles at a current density of 300 m A·g^(-1). Both the nanowire structure and presence of elemental Co helped buffer large volume changes in the Sn anode during charging and discharging to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycling performance of the Sn anode.展开更多
Ni-W alloys and their composite deposits are electroplated on the metals when an appropriate complex agent is selected on the base of the theories of electrochemistry and complex chemistry, and the principle of induce...Ni-W alloys and their composite deposits are electroplated on the metals when an appropriate complex agent is selected on the base of the theories of electrochemistry and complex chemistry, and the principle of induced codeposition. Effects of the bath composition, pH value, temperature and current density on the electrode position of Ni-W alloys and their composite deposits have been investigated, and the effect of heat treatment temperature on the hardness, structure and cohesive force of the amorphous Ni-W alloys and their composite deposits are also discussed. Results showed that the alloys containing more than 44 wt pct W content and the composite deposits containing 7.8 wt pct SiC content could be obtained by making use of the appropriate bath composition and plating conditions. Alloys and their composite deposits with over 44 wt pct W content show amorphous structure. The hardness of amorphous Ni-W alloys and their composite deposits increases obviously when heated, and can reach to 1350 HV and 1520 HV respectively for 46 wt pct W content. The cohesion on Cu, carbon steel and stainless steel is very good.展开更多
Ni nanocomposite films formed by Ni nanowires embedded in Ni matrix(Ni nanowire/Ni composite films)were fabricated by electrodeposition combined with supersonic stirring in a conventional Watts'bath containing Ni ...Ni nanocomposite films formed by Ni nanowires embedded in Ni matrix(Ni nanowire/Ni composite films)were fabricated by electrodeposition combined with supersonic stirring in a conventional Watts'bath containing Ni nanowires with diameter about 30 nm.The deposition temperature-dependent microstructure,crystal orientation,lattice constant and corrosion behavior of the Ni nanowire/Ni composite films were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction and potentiodynamic polarization tests,respectively.And the possible mechanism was discussed.It is found that to some extent,the deposition temperature has an impact on the microstructure,crystal orientation,lattice constant and corrosion property of the Ni nanowire/Ni composite films.The Ni nanowire/Ni composite films prepared at 50℃exhibit a novel inter-twisted-nanowire microstructure and have the best corrosion resistance.展开更多
Developing lower-cost and higher-effective catalyst to support hydrogen(H_(2))production by electrochemical water-splitting has been recognized as a preferred strategy to drive the clean energy utilization.As a credib...Developing lower-cost and higher-effective catalyst to support hydrogen(H_(2))production by electrochemical water-splitting has been recognized as a preferred strategy to drive the clean energy utilization.As a credible technology for the synthesis of functional materials,electrodeposition has attracted widespread attention,especially suitable for non-noble transition metal-based catalysts(TMCs).Recently,lots of researchers have been devoted to this hot research direction with plentiful achievements,however,a comprehensive review towards this area is still missing.Hence,we summarize the past research progress,presents the technical characteristics of electrodeposition from the viewpoint of fundamental theory and influence factors for the electrochemical deposition behavior,and introduce its application in various of TMCs with versatile nanostructures and compositions.Except a deeper and more comprehensive cognition of electrodeposition,we further discuss the catalyst’s optimized hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance as well as overall water splitting that combined with the synthetic process.Finally,we conclude the technical advantages towards electrodeposition,propose challenge and future research directions in this promising field.This timely review aims to promote a deeper understanding of effective catalysts obtained via electrodeposition strategy,and provide new guidance for the design and synthesis of future catalysts for hydrogen production.展开更多
In recent years,silicon(Si)and germanium(Ge)materials have been considered as promising highperformance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacities.It is of great importance to d...In recent years,silicon(Si)and germanium(Ge)materials have been considered as promising highperformance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacities.It is of great importance to design and synthesize micro/nanostructured Si and Ge materials.In this work,we demonstrated that Si,Ge and SiGe micro/nanowires can be continuously synthesized from their oxides precursors through molten salt electrodeposition.The electrochemical synthesis processes have been investigated systematically,and the deposited Si,Ge and SiGe micro/nanowires have been characterized and compared.The results show that the micro/nanostructured Si and Ge materials with tunable morphology can be facilely and continuously produced via molten salt electrodeposition.The electrodeposition process generally includes calcium oxide-assisted dissolution and electrodeposition processes,and the morphologies of the deposited Si and Ge products can be controlled by varying conditions.Si micro/nanowires,Si films,Ge micro/nanowires,and Ge particles can be continuously synthesized in a controlled manner.展开更多
Multi-layered functionally graded(FG)structure Ni-W/Er2O3 nanocomposite films were prepared by continuously changing the deposition parameters,in which the Er2O3 and W contents varied with thickness.The microstructure...Multi-layered functionally graded(FG)structure Ni-W/Er2O3 nanocomposite films were prepared by continuously changing the deposition parameters,in which the Er2O3 and W contents varied with thickness.The microstructure and chemical composition of the electrodeposited Ni-W/Er2O3 films were determined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The anti-corrosion and wear properties of the electrodeposition films were investigated by electrochemical measurement and ball-on-disk friction test.The microhardness distribution of the cross section of nanocomposites was measured by nanoindentation.The results showed that with decreasing agitation rate or increasing average current density,the contents of Er2O3 nanoparticles and tungsten were distributed in a gradient along the thickness,and the contents on the surface were larger.By comparison,FG Ni-W/Er2O3 films had better anti-corrosion and wear properties than the uniform Ni-W/Er2O3 films.Atomic force microscopy(AFM)and profilometry measurements indicated that Er2O3 nanoparticles had an effect on the surface roughness.展开更多
In past decades,Ni-based catalytic materials and electrodes have been intensively explored as low-cost hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts for water splitting.With increasing de...In past decades,Ni-based catalytic materials and electrodes have been intensively explored as low-cost hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts for water splitting.With increasing demands for Ni worldwide,simplifying the fabrication process,increasing Ni recycling,and reducing waste are tangible sustainability goals.Here,binder-free,heteroatom-free,and recyclable Ni-based bifunctional catalytic electrodes were fabricated via a one-step quick electrodeposition method.Typically,active Ni nanodot(NiND)clusters are electrodeposited on Ni foam(NF)in Ni(NO3)2 acetonitrile solution.After drying in air,NiO/NiND composites are obtained,leading to a binder-free and heteroatom-free NiO/NiNDs@NF catalytic electrode.The electrode shows high efficiency and long-term stability for catalyzing hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions at low overpotentials(10ηHER= 119 mV and 50ηOER=360 mV)and can promote water catalysis at 1.70 V@ 10mA cm-2.More importantly,the recovery of raw materials(NF and Ni(NO3)2)is quite easy because of the solubility of NiO/NiNDs composites in acid solution for recycling the electrodes.Additionally,a large-sized(S^70 cm2)NiO/NiNDs@NF catalytic electrode with high durability has also been constructed.This method provides a simple and fast technology to construct high-performance,low-cost,and environmentally friendly Ni-based bifunctional electrocatalytic electrodes for water splitting.展开更多
Samples of lanthanum-doped nickel hydroxide were prepared by electrodeposition method. The structure and electrochemical properties of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction and a home-made open three-electrode...Samples of lanthanum-doped nickel hydroxide were prepared by electrodeposition method. The structure and electrochemical properties of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction and a home-made open three-electrode cell system,respectively. The results show that the deposition process of Ni(OH)2 and La(OH)3 is mainly controlled by electrochemical polarization,which makes it easy to form uniform fine crystals. In addition,La(OH)3 is not a separate phase and lanthanum ions are doped into Ni(OH)2 crystal lattices. When V(0.5 mol/L Ni(NO3)2)/V(0.25 mol/L La(NO3)3) was 9:1,the lanthanum-doped nickel hydroxide reached the highest discharge capability of 840 F/g with a good cyclic reversibility. The capability still retains 670 F/g when the discharge current reaches 1000 mA/g.展开更多
Electrodeposition of Gd Co alloy film from dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) electrolyte solutions has been investigated using cyclic voltammogram and potentiostatic technique. Potentiostatic depositions between -1.20 V and -2...Electrodeposition of Gd Co alloy film from dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) electrolyte solutions has been investigated using cyclic voltammogram and potentiostatic technique. Potentiostatic depositions between -1.20 V and -2.70 V were applied to uncomplexed and complexed solution. The deposits obtained at potentials within -2.30～-2.70 V from complexed solutions are silver gray smooth films.展开更多
The system components and the theory of jet electrodeposition orientated by rapid prototyping (RP) were introduced. The nanocrystalline copper parts with simple shape were fabricated by this rapid prototyping technolo...The system components and the theory of jet electrodeposition orientated by rapid prototyping (RP) were introduced. The nanocrystalline copper parts with simple shape were fabricated by this rapid prototyping technology. The microstructure evolution of the nanocrystalline copper layer was examined by means of the scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the jet electrodeposition can greatly enhance the limited current density, fine crystalline particles and improve deposition quality. The copper deposited layers have nanocrystalline microstructure with average size of 55.6nm. The grain size decreases to 41.4nm on crystal plane (311).展开更多
The aim of this research is to pulse co-deposit nano-CeO2 particles into Ni-W-B alloy coatings in order to improve the surface properties. The influence of pulse frequency and duty circle on deposition rate, microhard...The aim of this research is to pulse co-deposit nano-CeO2 particles into Ni-W-B alloy coatings in order to improve the surface properties. The influence of pulse frequency and duty circle on deposition rate, microhardness and microstructures, and the influence of heat treatment temperature on phase structures, microhardness and abrasivity of Ni-W-B-CeO2 composite coatings were investigated. The results indicated that the pulse co-deposition of nickel, tungsten, boron and nano-CeO2 particle from the bath which nano-CeO2 particle was suspended by high speed mechanical stirring led to the Ni-W-B-CeO2 composite coatings, possessing better microhardness and abrasion resistance when heat-treated at 400 ℃ for 1 h. The microhardness as-deposited with 636 Hz and the deposition rate with 0.0281 mm·h-1 was the highest at pulse frequency with 1000 Hz and pulse duty circle with 10%. Microstructures analysis displays that decreasing pulse duty cycle leads to refinement in grain structures and the improvement of microstructures. X-ray diffraction shows that the composite coating as-deposited was mainly in the amorphous state and partially crystallized, but when heat treated at 400 ℃, the crystallization trend was strengthened further.展开更多
The effect of adding RE to plating bath on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Ni-Co alloy coatings prepared by pulse reversal current electrodeposition was studied by means of SEM/EDS, electrochemical analysis...The effect of adding RE to plating bath on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Ni-Co alloy coatings prepared by pulse reversal current electrodeposition was studied by means of SEM/EDS, electrochemical analysis and corrosion mass loss etc. The results show that adding proper RE to plating solution can promote the microstructure of coatings compacter, the surface smoother and the crystal finer, and improve the corrosion resistance. The coatings exhibite the highest corrosion resistance when the concentration of RE reaches 0.25 g·L -1. The reason of increasing corrosion resistance by adding RE was also investigated.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81871493 (to YC)the Medical Science Advancement Program (Clinical Medicine) of Wuhan University, No. TFLC2018003 (to YC)
文摘Currently available commercial nerve guidance conduits have been applied in the repair of peripheral nerve defects.However,a conduit exhibiting good biocompatibility remains to be developed.In this work,a series of chitosan/graphene oxide(GO)films with concentrations of GO varying from 0-1 wt%(collectively referred to as CHGF-n)were prepared by an electrodeposition technique.The effects of CHGF-n on proliferation and adhesion abilities of Schwann cells were evaluated.The results showed that Schwann cells exhibited elongated spindle shapes and upregulated expression of nerve regeneration-related factors such as Krox20(a key myelination factor),Zeb2(essential for Schwann cell differentiation,myelination,and nerve repair),and transforming growth factorβ(a cytokine with regenerative functions).In addition,a nerve guidance conduit with a GO content of 0.25%(CHGFC-0.25)was implanted to repair a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats.The results indicated improvements in sciatic functional index,electrophysiology,and sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle histology compared with the CHGFC-0 group,and similar outcomes to the autograft group.In conclusion,we provide a candidate method for the repair of peripheral nerve defects using free-standing chitosan/GO nerve conduits produced by electrodeposition.
基金Financial supports from the National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFB0100200)National Natural Science Foundation of China (21935006)。
文摘Lithium metal anode is almost the ultimate choice for high-energy density rechargeable batteries, but its uneven electrochemical dissolution-deposition characteristics lead to poor cycle stability and lithium dendrites safety problems. The fundamental solution to the problems is to interfere electrodeposition process of lithium metal so that it can be carried out reversibly and stably. In this work, an inverse-opal structured TiO2membrane with a thickness of only ~1 μm is designed to regulate the electrodeposition behavior of lithium metal, in which the ordered channels homogenize mass transfer process, the anatase TiO_(2)walls of the ion channels reduce desolvation barrier of solvated lithium-ions, and the spherical cavities with a diameter of ~300 nm confine migration of the adsorbed lithium atoms during electrocrystallization to diminish overpotential of lithium. These systematic effects cover and essentially change the whole process of electrodeposition of lithium metal and eliminate the possibility of lithium dendrite formation. The as-obtained lithium metal electrode delivers a Coulombic efficiency of 99.86% in the 100th cycle, and maintains a low deposition overpotential of 0.01 V for 800 h.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52274292 and 51874046)the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Hubei Province,China(No.2020CFA090)the Young Topnotch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Province,China.
文摘Tin-based materials are very attractive anodes because of their high theoretical capacity,but their rapid capacity fading from volume expansions limits their practical applications during alloying and dealloying processes.Herein,the improved binder-free tin-copper intermetallic/carbon nanotubes(Cu6Sn5/CNTs)alloy thin-film electrodes are directly fabricated through efficient in situ electrodeposition from the leaching solution of treated waste-printed circuit boards(WPCBs).The characterization results show that the easily agglomerated Cu6Sn5 alloy nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed across the three-dimensional network when the CNTs concentration in the electrodeposition solution is maintained at 0.2 g·L−1.Moreover,the optimal Cu6Sn5/CNTs-0.2 alloy thin-film electrode can not only provide a decent discharge specific capacity of 458.35 mAh·g^(−1)after 50 cycles at 100 mA·g^(−1)within capacity retention of 82.58%but also deliver a relatively high reversible specific capacity of 518.24,445.52,418.18,345.33,and 278.05 mAh·g^(−1)at step-increased current density of 0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0,and 2.0 A·g^(−1),respectively.Therefore,the preparation process of the Cu6Sn5/CNTs-0.2 alloy thin-film electrode with improved electrochemical performance may provide a cost-effective strategy for the resource utilization of WPCBs to fabricate anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52079048 and 52178203)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20221503)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical EngineeringInstitute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Z020012)。
文摘Three types of electrodeposition,DC electrodeposition,low-frequency pulsed electrodeposition and high-frequency pulsed electrodeposition,were used to deposit cuprous oxide on the concrete surface to improve the antibacterial properties of concrete.The effects of pulse deposition frequency on the antibacterial property of concrete were studied using sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)as model bacteria.The bacterial concentration and the antibacterial rate were measured to evaluate the antibacterial performance of concrete.The effects of different deposition methods on the elemental content of copper and the amount of copper ions exuded were studied.XRD and SEM were used to analyze the microstructure of the deposited layers.The experimental results show that the concrete treated by electrodeposition exhibited good antibacterial properties against SRB and E.coli.The antibacterial effect of cuprous oxide deposited on concrete by pulse method was better than that by direct current(DC)method.The antibacterial rate of concrete was positively correlated with the exudation rate of copper ion.As the pulse frequency increased,the deposits content on the surface was increased with an accompanying improvement in the antibacterial property.Besides,the pulsed current had an indiscernible effect on the composition of the sediments,which were all mainly composed of Cu_(2)O,but the morphology of the Cu_(2)O differed greatly.Cubic octahedral cuprous oxide had better antibacterial properties with the highest copper ion leaching rate compared with cubic and spherical cuprous oxide.
文摘Electrochemical behaviors of Zn-Fe alloy and Zn-Fe-TiO2 composite electrodeposition in alkaline zincatesolutions were studied respectively by the methods of linear potential sweep and cyclic voltammetry. From the re-sults it can be concluded that Zn shows under potential deposition, Zn-Fe alloy codeposition is anomalous codeposi-tion and Zn-Fe alloy cathode polarization is increased with the introduction of additive. From the view point of elec-trochemistry, the reasons that the content of Fe in the Zn-Fe coating changes with the composition of the electrolyteand the process conditions altering and the relationship between the content of Fe and the appearance of the coatingare interpreted. The cathode polarization of Zn-Fe alloy codeposition is enhanced obviously with addition of additive.In the course of composite electrodeposition, TiO2 has less promotion to electrodeposition of zinc ions than to iron i-ons, while the electrodeposition of iron ions improves the content of TiO2 in composite coating, which is inagreement with the results of process experiments.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51474107)the Opening Project Fund of Key Laboratory of Common Associated Non-ferrous Metal Resources Pressure Hydrometallurgy Technology(No.yy2016008)
文摘Sn Co alloy nanowires were successfully electrodeposited from Sn Cl2-Co Cl2-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(EMIC) ionic liquid without a template. The nanowires were obtained from the molar ratio of 5:40:60 for Sn Cl2(25)Co Cl2(25)EMIC at-0.55 V and showed a minimum diameter of about 50 nm and lengths of over 20 μm. The as-fabricated SnCo nanowires were about 70 nm in diameter and featured a Sn/Co weight ratio of 3.85:1, when used as an anode for a Li-ion battery, they presented respective specific capacities of 687 and 678 m Ah·g^(-1) after the first charge and discharge cycle and maintained capacities of about 654 m Ah·g^(-1) after 60 cycles and 539 m Ah·g^(-1) after 80 cycles at a current density of 300 m A·g^(-1). Both the nanowire structure and presence of elemental Co helped buffer large volume changes in the Sn anode during charging and discharging to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycling performance of the Sn anode.
文摘Ni-W alloys and their composite deposits are electroplated on the metals when an appropriate complex agent is selected on the base of the theories of electrochemistry and complex chemistry, and the principle of induced codeposition. Effects of the bath composition, pH value, temperature and current density on the electrode position of Ni-W alloys and their composite deposits have been investigated, and the effect of heat treatment temperature on the hardness, structure and cohesive force of the amorphous Ni-W alloys and their composite deposits are also discussed. Results showed that the alloys containing more than 44 wt pct W content and the composite deposits containing 7.8 wt pct SiC content could be obtained by making use of the appropriate bath composition and plating conditions. Alloys and their composite deposits with over 44 wt pct W content show amorphous structure. The hardness of amorphous Ni-W alloys and their composite deposits increases obviously when heated, and can reach to 1350 HV and 1520 HV respectively for 46 wt pct W content. The cohesion on Cu, carbon steel and stainless steel is very good.
基金Project(2008GK2001)supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(10772157)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(06C839)supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,China
文摘Ni nanocomposite films formed by Ni nanowires embedded in Ni matrix(Ni nanowire/Ni composite films)were fabricated by electrodeposition combined with supersonic stirring in a conventional Watts'bath containing Ni nanowires with diameter about 30 nm.The deposition temperature-dependent microstructure,crystal orientation,lattice constant and corrosion behavior of the Ni nanowire/Ni composite films were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction and potentiodynamic polarization tests,respectively.And the possible mechanism was discussed.It is found that to some extent,the deposition temperature has an impact on the microstructure,crystal orientation,lattice constant and corrosion property of the Ni nanowire/Ni composite films.The Ni nanowire/Ni composite films prepared at 50℃exhibit a novel inter-twisted-nanowire microstructure and have the best corrosion resistance.
基金supported by the National Scientific Foundation of China(Grant No.21878061)。
文摘Developing lower-cost and higher-effective catalyst to support hydrogen(H_(2))production by electrochemical water-splitting has been recognized as a preferred strategy to drive the clean energy utilization.As a credible technology for the synthesis of functional materials,electrodeposition has attracted widespread attention,especially suitable for non-noble transition metal-based catalysts(TMCs).Recently,lots of researchers have been devoted to this hot research direction with plentiful achievements,however,a comprehensive review towards this area is still missing.Hence,we summarize the past research progress,presents the technical characteristics of electrodeposition from the viewpoint of fundamental theory and influence factors for the electrochemical deposition behavior,and introduce its application in various of TMCs with versatile nanostructures and compositions.Except a deeper and more comprehensive cognition of electrodeposition,we further discuss the catalyst’s optimized hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance as well as overall water splitting that combined with the synthetic process.Finally,we conclude the technical advantages towards electrodeposition,propose challenge and future research directions in this promising field.This timely review aims to promote a deeper understanding of effective catalysts obtained via electrodeposition strategy,and provide new guidance for the design and synthesis of future catalysts for hydrogen production.
基金the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(19QA1403600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974181+2 种基金51574164)the Iron and Steel Joint Research Found of National Natural Science Foundation and China Baowu Steel Group Corporation Limited(U1860203)the authors also thank the CAS Interdisciplinary In novation Team for financial support.
文摘In recent years,silicon(Si)and germanium(Ge)materials have been considered as promising highperformance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacities.It is of great importance to design and synthesize micro/nanostructured Si and Ge materials.In this work,we demonstrated that Si,Ge and SiGe micro/nanowires can be continuously synthesized from their oxides precursors through molten salt electrodeposition.The electrochemical synthesis processes have been investigated systematically,and the deposited Si,Ge and SiGe micro/nanowires have been characterized and compared.The results show that the micro/nanostructured Si and Ge materials with tunable morphology can be facilely and continuously produced via molten salt electrodeposition.The electrodeposition process generally includes calcium oxide-assisted dissolution and electrodeposition processes,and the morphologies of the deposited Si and Ge products can be controlled by varying conditions.Si micro/nanowires,Si films,Ge micro/nanowires,and Ge particles can be continuously synthesized in a controlled manner.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51625504,51675421,51427805,51435002,91748209,51705406,and91748209)the Joint fund of the Ministry of Education of China(Nos.6141A0231 and 6141A0202)partially sponsored by National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2016YFF0100700 and 2017YFF0204803)。
文摘Multi-layered functionally graded(FG)structure Ni-W/Er2O3 nanocomposite films were prepared by continuously changing the deposition parameters,in which the Er2O3 and W contents varied with thickness.The microstructure and chemical composition of the electrodeposited Ni-W/Er2O3 films were determined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The anti-corrosion and wear properties of the electrodeposition films were investigated by electrochemical measurement and ball-on-disk friction test.The microhardness distribution of the cross section of nanocomposites was measured by nanoindentation.The results showed that with decreasing agitation rate or increasing average current density,the contents of Er2O3 nanoparticles and tungsten were distributed in a gradient along the thickness,and the contents on the surface were larger.By comparison,FG Ni-W/Er2O3 films had better anti-corrosion and wear properties than the uniform Ni-W/Er2O3 films.Atomic force microscopy(AFM)and profilometry measurements indicated that Er2O3 nanoparticles had an effect on the surface roughness.
基金the China and Germany Postdoctoral Exchange Program for this research in Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energiethe Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2017M610324)NSFC (21704040)
文摘In past decades,Ni-based catalytic materials and electrodes have been intensively explored as low-cost hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts for water splitting.With increasing demands for Ni worldwide,simplifying the fabrication process,increasing Ni recycling,and reducing waste are tangible sustainability goals.Here,binder-free,heteroatom-free,and recyclable Ni-based bifunctional catalytic electrodes were fabricated via a one-step quick electrodeposition method.Typically,active Ni nanodot(NiND)clusters are electrodeposited on Ni foam(NF)in Ni(NO3)2 acetonitrile solution.After drying in air,NiO/NiND composites are obtained,leading to a binder-free and heteroatom-free NiO/NiNDs@NF catalytic electrode.The electrode shows high efficiency and long-term stability for catalyzing hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions at low overpotentials(10ηHER= 119 mV and 50ηOER=360 mV)and can promote water catalysis at 1.70 V@ 10mA cm-2.More importantly,the recovery of raw materials(NF and Ni(NO3)2)is quite easy because of the solubility of NiO/NiNDs composites in acid solution for recycling the electrodes.Additionally,a large-sized(S^70 cm2)NiO/NiNDs@NF catalytic electrode with high durability has also been constructed.This method provides a simple and fast technology to construct high-performance,low-cost,and environmentally friendly Ni-based bifunctional electrocatalytic electrodes for water splitting.
文摘Samples of lanthanum-doped nickel hydroxide were prepared by electrodeposition method. The structure and electrochemical properties of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction and a home-made open three-electrode cell system,respectively. The results show that the deposition process of Ni(OH)2 and La(OH)3 is mainly controlled by electrochemical polarization,which makes it easy to form uniform fine crystals. In addition,La(OH)3 is not a separate phase and lanthanum ions are doped into Ni(OH)2 crystal lattices. When V(0.5 mol/L Ni(NO3)2)/V(0.25 mol/L La(NO3)3) was 9:1,the lanthanum-doped nickel hydroxide reached the highest discharge capability of 840 F/g with a good cyclic reversibility. The capability still retains 670 F/g when the discharge current reaches 1000 mA/g.
文摘Electrodeposition of Gd Co alloy film from dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) electrolyte solutions has been investigated using cyclic voltammogram and potentiostatic technique. Potentiostatic depositions between -1.20 V and -2.70 V were applied to uncomplexed and complexed solution. The deposits obtained at potentials within -2.30～-2.70 V from complexed solutions are silver gray smooth films.
文摘The system components and the theory of jet electrodeposition orientated by rapid prototyping (RP) were introduced. The nanocrystalline copper parts with simple shape were fabricated by this rapid prototyping technology. The microstructure evolution of the nanocrystalline copper layer was examined by means of the scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the jet electrodeposition can greatly enhance the limited current density, fine crystalline particles and improve deposition quality. The copper deposited layers have nanocrystalline microstructure with average size of 55.6nm. The grain size decreases to 41.4nm on crystal plane (311).
基金Projects supported by Applied Basic Research Plans Programof Yunnan Province (2007E 187M)Scientific Research Fund(2006-02)Analysis and Measurement Research Fund (2007-22) of Kunming University of Science and Technology
文摘The aim of this research is to pulse co-deposit nano-CeO2 particles into Ni-W-B alloy coatings in order to improve the surface properties. The influence of pulse frequency and duty circle on deposition rate, microhardness and microstructures, and the influence of heat treatment temperature on phase structures, microhardness and abrasivity of Ni-W-B-CeO2 composite coatings were investigated. The results indicated that the pulse co-deposition of nickel, tungsten, boron and nano-CeO2 particle from the bath which nano-CeO2 particle was suspended by high speed mechanical stirring led to the Ni-W-B-CeO2 composite coatings, possessing better microhardness and abrasion resistance when heat-treated at 400 ℃ for 1 h. The microhardness as-deposited with 636 Hz and the deposition rate with 0.0281 mm·h-1 was the highest at pulse frequency with 1000 Hz and pulse duty circle with 10%. Microstructures analysis displays that decreasing pulse duty cycle leads to refinement in grain structures and the improvement of microstructures. X-ray diffraction shows that the composite coating as-deposited was mainly in the amorphous state and partially crystallized, but when heat treated at 400 ℃, the crystallization trend was strengthened further.
文摘The effect of adding RE to plating bath on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Ni-Co alloy coatings prepared by pulse reversal current electrodeposition was studied by means of SEM/EDS, electrochemical analysis and corrosion mass loss etc. The results show that adding proper RE to plating solution can promote the microstructure of coatings compacter, the surface smoother and the crystal finer, and improve the corrosion resistance. The coatings exhibite the highest corrosion resistance when the concentration of RE reaches 0.25 g·L -1. The reason of increasing corrosion resistance by adding RE was also investigated.
