The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal st...The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal state.The battery should“sense its internal physical/chemical conditions”,which puts strict requirements on embedded sensing parts.This paper summarizes the application of advanced optical fiber sensors in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage technologies that may be mass deployed,focuses on the insights of advanced optical fiber sensors into the processes of one-dimensional nano-micro-level battery material structural phase transition,electrolyte degradation,electrode-electrolyte interface dynamics to three-dimensional macro-safety evolution.The paper contributes to understanding how to use optical fiber sensors to achieve“real”and“embedded”monitoring.Through the inherent advantages of the advanced optical fiber sensor,it helps clarify the battery internal state and reaction mechanism,aiding in the establishment of more detailed models.These advancements can promote the development of smart batteries,with significant importance lying in essentially promoting the improvement of system consistency.Furthermore,with the help of smart batteries in the future,the importance of consistency can be weakened or even eliminated.The application of advanced optical fiber sensors helps comprehensively improve the battery quality,reliability,and life.展开更多
Label-sensor is an essential component of the label printer which is becoming a most significant tool for the development of Internet of Things(IoT).However,some drawbacks of the traditional infrared label-sensor make...Label-sensor is an essential component of the label printer which is becoming a most significant tool for the development of Internet of Things(IoT).However,some drawbacks of the traditional infrared label-sensor make the printer fail to realize the high-speed recognition of labels as well as stable printing.Herein,we propose a selfpowered and highly sensitive tribo-label-sensor(TLS)for accurate label identification,positioning and counting by embedding triboelectric nanogenerator into the indispensable roller structure of a label printer.The sensing mechanism,device parameters and deep comparison with infrared sensor are systematically studied both in theory and experiment.As the results,TLS delivers 6 times higher signal magnitude than traditional one.Moreover,TLS is immune to label jitter and temperature variation during fast printing and can also be used for transparent label directly and shows long-term robustness.This work may provide an alternative toolkit with outstanding advantages to improve current label printer and further promote the development of IoT.展开更多
The strain-temperature cross-sensitivity problem easily occurs in the engineering strain monitoring of the self-sensing embedded with fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensors.In this work,a theoretical investigation of the str...The strain-temperature cross-sensitivity problem easily occurs in the engineering strain monitoring of the self-sensing embedded with fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensors.In this work,a theoretical investigation of the strain-temperature cross-sensitivity has been performed using the temperature reference grating method.To experimentally observe and theoretically verify the problem,the substrate materials,the preloading technique,and the FBG initial central wavelength were taken as main parameters.And a series of sensitivity coefficients calibration tests and temperature compensation tests have been designed and carried out.It was found that when the FBG sensors were embedded on different substrates,their coefficients of the temperature sensitivity were significantly changed.Besides,the larger the coefficients of thermal expansion(CTE)of substrates were,the higher the temperature sensitivity coefficients would be.On the other hand,the effect of the preloading technique and FBG initial wavelength was negligible on both the strain monitoring and temperature compensation.In the case of similar substrates,we did not observe any difference between temperature sensitivity coefficients of the temperature compensation FBG with one free end or two free ends.The curves of the force along with temperature were almost overlapped with minor differences(less than 1%)gained by FBG sensors and pressure sensors,which verified the accuracy of the temperature compensation method.We suggest that this work can provide efficient solutions to the strain-temperature cross-sensitivity for engineering strain monitoring with the self-sensing element embedded with FBG sensors.展开更多
A novel embedded sensor network records changes in key climatic-environmental variables over a range of altitude in the BaekduDaegan Mountain （BDM） of Gangwon Province in Korea, a protected mountain region with uniq...A novel embedded sensor network records changes in key climatic-environmental variables over a range of altitude in the BaekduDaegan Mountain （BDM） of Gangwon Province in Korea, a protected mountain region with unique biodiversity undergoing climate change research. The investigated area is subdivided into three horizontal north-south study areas. Three variables, temperature （T, °C）, relative humidity （RH, %）, and light intensity （LI, lumens m-2, or lux, lx）, have been continuously measured at hourly intervals from June, 2olo to September, 2011 using HOBO H8 devices at lO fixed study sites. These hourly observations are aggregated to monthly, seasonal and annual mean values, and results are summarized to inaugurate a long-term climate change investigation. A region wide T difference in accordance with altitude, or lapse rate, over the interval is calculated as o.4°C l00 m-1. T lapse rates change seasonally, with winter lapse rates being greater than those of summer. RH is elevated in summer compared to other seasons. LI within forestland is lower during summer and higher during other seasons. The obtained results could closely relate to the vegetation type and structure and the terrain state since data loggers were located in forestland.展开更多
Water-lubrication bearings are critical components in ship operation.However,studies on their maintenance and failure detection are highly limited.The use of sensors to continually monitor the working operation of bea...Water-lubrication bearings are critical components in ship operation.However,studies on their maintenance and failure detection are highly limited.The use of sensors to continually monitor the working operation of bearings is a potential approach to solve this problem,which is collectively called intelligent bearings.In this literature review,the recent progress of electrical resistance strain gauges,Fiber Bragg grating,triboelectric nanogenerators,piezoelectric nanogenerators,and thermoelectric sensors for in-situ monitoring is summarized.Future research and design concepts on intelligent water-lubrication bearings are also comprehensively discussed.The findings show that the accident risks,lubrication condition,and remaining life of water-lubricated bearings can be evaluated with the surface temperature,coefficient of friction,and wear volume monitoring.The research work on intelligent water-lubricated bearings is committed to promoting the development of green,electrified,and intelligent technologies for ship propulsion systems,which have important theoretical significance and application value.展开更多
In view of the principle for occurrence of cross-sensitivity, a series of calibration experiments are carried out to solve the cross-sensitivity problem of embedded fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs) using the reference grati...In view of the principle for occurrence of cross-sensitivity, a series of calibration experiments are carried out to solve the cross-sensitivity problem of embedded fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs) using the reference grating method. Moreover, an ultrasonic-vibration-assisted grinding(UVAG) model is established, and finite element analysis(FEA) is carried out under the monitoring environment of embedded temperature measurement system. In addition, the related temperature acquisition tests are set in accordance with requirements of the reference grating method. Finally, comparative analyses of the simulation and experimental results are performed, and it may be concluded that the reference grating method may be utilized to effectively solve the cross-sensitivity of embedded FBGs.展开更多
New energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors are widely used in various fields because of their irreplaceable excellent characteristics.Because there are relatively few monitoring parameters and li...New energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors are widely used in various fields because of their irreplaceable excellent characteristics.Because there are relatively few monitoring parameters and limited under-standing of their operation,they present problems in accurately predicting their state and controlling operation,such as state of charge,state of health,and early failure indicators.Poor monitoring can seriously affect the performance of energy storage devices.Therefore,to maximize the efficiency of new energy storage devices without damaging the equipment,it is important to make full use of sensing systems to accurately monitor important parameters such as voltage,current,temperature,and strain.These are highly related to their states.Hence,this paper reviews the sensing methods and divides them into two categories:embedded and non-embedded sensors.A variety of measurement methods used to measure the above parameters of various new energy storage devices such as batteries and super-capacitors are systematically summarized.The methods with different innovative points are listed,their advantages and disadvantages are summarized,and the application of optical fiber sensors is emphasized.Finally,the challenges and prospects for these studies are described.The intent is to encourage researchers in relevant fields to study the early warning of safety accidents from the root causes.展开更多
The safety of lithium-ion batteries is an essential concern where instant and accurate temperature sensing is critical.It is generally desired to put sensors inside batteries for instant sensing.However,the transmissi...The safety of lithium-ion batteries is an essential concern where instant and accurate temperature sensing is critical.It is generally desired to put sensors inside batteries for instant sensing.However,the transmission of internal measurement outside batteries without interfering their normal state is a non-trivial task due to the harsh electrochemical environment,the particular packaging structures and the intrinsic electromagnetic shielding problems of batteries.In this work,a novel in-situ temperature sensing framework is proposed by incorporating temperature sensors with a novel signal transmission solution.The signal transmission solution uses a self-designed integrated-circuit which modulates the internal measurements outside battery via its positive pole without package breaking.Extensive experimental results validate the noninterference properties of the proposed framework.Our proposed in-situ temperature measurement by the self-designed signal modulation solution has a promising potential for in-situ battery health monitoring and thus promoting the development of smart batteries.展开更多
The present paper presents an innovative approach for the numerical modeling of piezo-electric transducers for the health-monitoring of layered structures.The numerical approach has been developed in the frameworks of...The present paper presents an innovative approach for the numerical modeling of piezo-electric transducers for the health-monitoring of layered structures.The numerical approach has been developed in the frameworks of the Carrera Unified Formulation.This computa-tional tool allows refined numerical models to be derived in a unified and efficient fashion.The use of higher-order models and the cap-ability to connect different kinematic models using the node-depen-dent kinematic approach has led to an efficient modeling technique for global-local analysis.This approach can refine the model only in those regions where it is required,e.g.,the areas where piezo-electric transducers are placed.The model has been used to study embedded and surface-mounted sensors.The accuracy of the pre-sent model has been verified by comparing the current results with numerical and experimental data from the literature.Different mod-eling solutions have been developed,mixing one-,two-and threedimensional finite elements.The results show that the use of the present modeling technique allows the computational cost to be reduced with respect to the classical approaches preserving the ccuracy of the results in the critical areas.展开更多
Smartphone,as a smart device with multiple built-in sensors,can be used for collecting information(e.g.,vibration and location).In this paper,we propose an approach for using the smartphone as a sensing platform to ob...Smartphone,as a smart device with multiple built-in sensors,can be used for collecting information(e.g.,vibration and location).In this paper,we propose an approach for using the smartphone as a sensing platform to obtain real-time data on vehicle acceleration,velocity,and location through the development of the corresponding application software and thereby achieve the green concept based monitoring of the track condition during subway rail transit.Field tests are conducted to verify the accuracy of smartphones in terms of the obtained data’s standard deviation(SD),Sperling index(SI),and International Organization for Standardization(ISO)-2631 weighted acceleration index(WAI).A vehicle-positioning method,together with the coordinate alignment algorithm for a Global Positioning System(GPS)free tunnel environment,is proposed.Using the time-domain integration method,the relationship between the longitudinal acceleration of a vehicle and the subway location is established,and the distance between adjacent stations of the subway is calculated and compared with the actual values.The effectiveness of the method is verified,and it is confirmed that this approach can be used in the GPS-free subway tunnel environment.It is also found that using the proposed vehicle-positioning method,the integral error of displacement of a single subway section can be controlled to within 5%.This study can make full use of smartphones and offer a smart and eco-friendly approach for human life in the field of intelligent transportation systems.展开更多
In addition to being environmentally friendly,remanufactured products are popular with consumers because they offer the latest technology at a lower price,in comparison to brand new products.However,some consumers hes...In addition to being environmentally friendly,remanufactured products are popular with consumers because they offer the latest technology at a lower price,in comparison to brand new products.However,some consumers hesitate to buy remanufactured products because they are skeptical about their quality.Thus,they are unsure of the extent to which the product will render services when compared to a new product.A promotional marketing strategy employed by remanufacturers is to offer warranties for these products.To that end,this study scrutinizes the impact of offering non-renewing warranties on remanufactured products.Specifically,in this paper,a methodology is suggested,which simultaneously minimizes the cost incurred by the remanufacturers and maximizes consumer confidence toward buying remanufactured products.This study uses a discrete-event simulation to optimize the implementation of a two-dimensional non-renewing warranty policy for remanufactured products.The implementation is illustrated using a specific product recovery system called the Advanced Remanufacturing-To-Order system.The experiments in the study were designed using Taguchi’s Orthogonal Arrays to represent the entire domain of the recovery system to observe system behavior under various experimental conditions.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52307245[Y.D.Li],No.U21A20170[X.He],22279070[L.Wang],and 52206263[Y.Song])the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721820[Y.D.Li])the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2019YFA0705703[L.Wang])。
文摘The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal state.The battery should“sense its internal physical/chemical conditions”,which puts strict requirements on embedded sensing parts.This paper summarizes the application of advanced optical fiber sensors in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage technologies that may be mass deployed,focuses on the insights of advanced optical fiber sensors into the processes of one-dimensional nano-micro-level battery material structural phase transition,electrolyte degradation,electrode-electrolyte interface dynamics to three-dimensional macro-safety evolution.The paper contributes to understanding how to use optical fiber sensors to achieve“real”and“embedded”monitoring.Through the inherent advantages of the advanced optical fiber sensor,it helps clarify the battery internal state and reaction mechanism,aiding in the establishment of more detailed models.These advancements can promote the development of smart batteries,with significant importance lying in essentially promoting the improvement of system consistency.Furthermore,with the help of smart batteries in the future,the importance of consistency can be weakened or even eliminated.The application of advanced optical fiber sensors helps comprehensively improve the battery quality,reliability,and life.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFA1201602)the NSFC(62004017)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021CDJQY-019)J.C.also want to acknowledge the supporting from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.cstc2021jcyjmsxmX0746)the Scientific Research Project of Chongqing Education Committee(Grant No.KJQN202100522).
文摘Label-sensor is an essential component of the label printer which is becoming a most significant tool for the development of Internet of Things(IoT).However,some drawbacks of the traditional infrared label-sensor make the printer fail to realize the high-speed recognition of labels as well as stable printing.Herein,we propose a selfpowered and highly sensitive tribo-label-sensor(TLS)for accurate label identification,positioning and counting by embedding triboelectric nanogenerator into the indispensable roller structure of a label printer.The sensing mechanism,device parameters and deep comparison with infrared sensor are systematically studied both in theory and experiment.As the results,TLS delivers 6 times higher signal magnitude than traditional one.Moreover,TLS is immune to label jitter and temperature variation during fast printing and can also be used for transparent label directly and shows long-term robustness.This work may provide an alternative toolkit with outstanding advantages to improve current label printer and further promote the development of IoT.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52068014)Key Research&Development Projects in the Guangxi Autonomous Region(Grant No.GUIKE AA20302006)Major Construction Program of the Science and Technological Innovation Base in the Guangxi Autonomous Region(Grant No.2018-242-G02).
文摘The strain-temperature cross-sensitivity problem easily occurs in the engineering strain monitoring of the self-sensing embedded with fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensors.In this work,a theoretical investigation of the strain-temperature cross-sensitivity has been performed using the temperature reference grating method.To experimentally observe and theoretically verify the problem,the substrate materials,the preloading technique,and the FBG initial central wavelength were taken as main parameters.And a series of sensitivity coefficients calibration tests and temperature compensation tests have been designed and carried out.It was found that when the FBG sensors were embedded on different substrates,their coefficients of the temperature sensitivity were significantly changed.Besides,the larger the coefficients of thermal expansion(CTE)of substrates were,the higher the temperature sensitivity coefficients would be.On the other hand,the effect of the preloading technique and FBG initial wavelength was negligible on both the strain monitoring and temperature compensation.In the case of similar substrates,we did not observe any difference between temperature sensitivity coefficients of the temperature compensation FBG with one free end or two free ends.The curves of the force along with temperature were almost overlapped with minor differences(less than 1%)gained by FBG sensors and pressure sensors,which verified the accuracy of the temperature compensation method.We suggest that this work can provide efficient solutions to the strain-temperature cross-sensitivity for engineering strain monitoring with the self-sensing element embedded with FBG sensors.
文摘A novel embedded sensor network records changes in key climatic-environmental variables over a range of altitude in the BaekduDaegan Mountain （BDM） of Gangwon Province in Korea, a protected mountain region with unique biodiversity undergoing climate change research. The investigated area is subdivided into three horizontal north-south study areas. Three variables, temperature （T, °C）, relative humidity （RH, %）, and light intensity （LI, lumens m-2, or lux, lx）, have been continuously measured at hourly intervals from June, 2olo to September, 2011 using HOBO H8 devices at lO fixed study sites. These hourly observations are aggregated to monthly, seasonal and annual mean values, and results are summarized to inaugurate a long-term climate change investigation. A region wide T difference in accordance with altitude, or lapse rate, over the interval is calculated as o.4°C l00 m-1. T lapse rates change seasonally, with winter lapse rates being greater than those of summer. RH is elevated in summer compared to other seasons. LI within forestland is lower during summer and higher during other seasons. The obtained results could closely relate to the vegetation type and structure and the terrain state since data loggers were located in forestland.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52171319).
文摘Water-lubrication bearings are critical components in ship operation.However,studies on their maintenance and failure detection are highly limited.The use of sensors to continually monitor the working operation of bearings is a potential approach to solve this problem,which is collectively called intelligent bearings.In this literature review,the recent progress of electrical resistance strain gauges,Fiber Bragg grating,triboelectric nanogenerators,piezoelectric nanogenerators,and thermoelectric sensors for in-situ monitoring is summarized.Future research and design concepts on intelligent water-lubrication bearings are also comprehensively discussed.The findings show that the accident risks,lubrication condition,and remaining life of water-lubricated bearings can be evaluated with the surface temperature,coefficient of friction,and wear volume monitoring.The research work on intelligent water-lubricated bearings is committed to promoting the development of green,electrified,and intelligent technologies for ship propulsion systems,which have important theoretical significance and application value.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province in China(No.2015BAA022)
文摘In view of the principle for occurrence of cross-sensitivity, a series of calibration experiments are carried out to solve the cross-sensitivity problem of embedded fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs) using the reference grating method. Moreover, an ultrasonic-vibration-assisted grinding(UVAG) model is established, and finite element analysis(FEA) is carried out under the monitoring environment of embedded temperature measurement system. In addition, the related temperature acquisition tests are set in accordance with requirements of the reference grating method. Finally, comparative analyses of the simulation and experimental results are performed, and it may be concluded that the reference grating method may be utilized to effectively solve the cross-sensitivity of embedded FBGs.
基金funded by the Youth Fund of Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation grant number ZR2020QE212Key Projects of Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation grant number ZR2020KF020+2 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology grant number GC 202111Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation grant number LY22E070007National Natural Science Foundation of China grant number 52007170.
文摘New energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors are widely used in various fields because of their irreplaceable excellent characteristics.Because there are relatively few monitoring parameters and limited under-standing of their operation,they present problems in accurately predicting their state and controlling operation,such as state of charge,state of health,and early failure indicators.Poor monitoring can seriously affect the performance of energy storage devices.Therefore,to maximize the efficiency of new energy storage devices without damaging the equipment,it is important to make full use of sensing systems to accurately monitor important parameters such as voltage,current,temperature,and strain.These are highly related to their states.Hence,this paper reviews the sensing methods and divides them into two categories:embedded and non-embedded sensors.A variety of measurement methods used to measure the above parameters of various new energy storage devices such as batteries and super-capacitors are systematically summarized.The methods with different innovative points are listed,their advantages and disadvantages are summarized,and the application of optical fiber sensors is emphasized.Finally,the challenges and prospects for these studies are described.The intent is to encourage researchers in relevant fields to study the early warning of safety accidents from the root causes.
基金This work was supported by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant Z191100002719007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 11672341).
文摘The safety of lithium-ion batteries is an essential concern where instant and accurate temperature sensing is critical.It is generally desired to put sensors inside batteries for instant sensing.However,the transmission of internal measurement outside batteries without interfering their normal state is a non-trivial task due to the harsh electrochemical environment,the particular packaging structures and the intrinsic electromagnetic shielding problems of batteries.In this work,a novel in-situ temperature sensing framework is proposed by incorporating temperature sensors with a novel signal transmission solution.The signal transmission solution uses a self-designed integrated-circuit which modulates the internal measurements outside battery via its positive pole without package breaking.Extensive experimental results validate the noninterference properties of the proposed framework.Our proposed in-situ temperature measurement by the self-designed signal modulation solution has a promising potential for in-situ battery health monitoring and thus promoting the development of smart batteries.
文摘The present paper presents an innovative approach for the numerical modeling of piezo-electric transducers for the health-monitoring of layered structures.The numerical approach has been developed in the frameworks of the Carrera Unified Formulation.This computa-tional tool allows refined numerical models to be derived in a unified and efficient fashion.The use of higher-order models and the cap-ability to connect different kinematic models using the node-depen-dent kinematic approach has led to an efficient modeling technique for global-local analysis.This approach can refine the model only in those regions where it is required,e.g.,the areas where piezo-electric transducers are placed.The model has been used to study embedded and surface-mounted sensors.The accuracy of the pre-sent model has been verified by comparing the current results with numerical and experimental data from the literature.Different mod-eling solutions have been developed,mixing one-,two-and threedimensional finite elements.The results show that the use of the present modeling technique allows the computational cost to be reduced with respect to the classical approaches preserving the ccuracy of the results in the critical areas.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51425804 and U1734207)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0802203-4)。
文摘Smartphone,as a smart device with multiple built-in sensors,can be used for collecting information(e.g.,vibration and location).In this paper,we propose an approach for using the smartphone as a sensing platform to obtain real-time data on vehicle acceleration,velocity,and location through the development of the corresponding application software and thereby achieve the green concept based monitoring of the track condition during subway rail transit.Field tests are conducted to verify the accuracy of smartphones in terms of the obtained data’s standard deviation(SD),Sperling index(SI),and International Organization for Standardization(ISO)-2631 weighted acceleration index(WAI).A vehicle-positioning method,together with the coordinate alignment algorithm for a Global Positioning System(GPS)free tunnel environment,is proposed.Using the time-domain integration method,the relationship between the longitudinal acceleration of a vehicle and the subway location is established,and the distance between adjacent stations of the subway is calculated and compared with the actual values.The effectiveness of the method is verified,and it is confirmed that this approach can be used in the GPS-free subway tunnel environment.It is also found that using the proposed vehicle-positioning method,the integral error of displacement of a single subway section can be controlled to within 5%.This study can make full use of smartphones and offer a smart and eco-friendly approach for human life in the field of intelligent transportation systems.
文摘In addition to being environmentally friendly,remanufactured products are popular with consumers because they offer the latest technology at a lower price,in comparison to brand new products.However,some consumers hesitate to buy remanufactured products because they are skeptical about their quality.Thus,they are unsure of the extent to which the product will render services when compared to a new product.A promotional marketing strategy employed by remanufacturers is to offer warranties for these products.To that end,this study scrutinizes the impact of offering non-renewing warranties on remanufactured products.Specifically,in this paper,a methodology is suggested,which simultaneously minimizes the cost incurred by the remanufacturers and maximizes consumer confidence toward buying remanufactured products.This study uses a discrete-event simulation to optimize the implementation of a two-dimensional non-renewing warranty policy for remanufactured products.The implementation is illustrated using a specific product recovery system called the Advanced Remanufacturing-To-Order system.The experiments in the study were designed using Taguchi’s Orthogonal Arrays to represent the entire domain of the recovery system to observe system behavior under various experimental conditions.
