Background Oxidative stress,caused by an imbalance in the production and elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),has been recognized for its detrimental effects on mammalian embryonic development.Lut...Background Oxidative stress,caused by an imbalance in the production and elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),has been recognized for its detrimental effects on mammalian embryonic development.Luteolin(Lut)has been documented for its protective effects against oxidative stress in various studies.However,its specific role in embryonic development remains unexplored.This study aims to investigate the influence of Lut on porcine embryonic development and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Results After undergoing parthenogenetic activation(PA)or in vitro fertilization,embryos supplemented with 0.5μmol/L Lut displayed a significant enhancement in cleavage and blastocyst formation rates,with an increase in total cell numbers and a decrease in the apoptosis rate compared to the control.Measurements on D2 and D6 revealed that embryos with Lut supplementation had lower ROS levels and higher glutathione levels compared to the control.Moreover,Lut supplementation significantly augmented mitochondrial content and membrane potential.Intriguingly,activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was observed in embryos supplemented with Lut,leading to the upregulation of antioxidant-related gene transcription levels.To further validate the relationship between the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and effects of Lut in porcine embryonic development,we cultured PA embryos in a medium supplemented with brusatol,with or without the inclusion of Lut.The positive effects of Lut on developmental competence were negated by brusatol treatment.Conclusions Our findings indicate that Lut-mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway contributes to the enhanced production of porcine embryos with high developmental competence,and offers insight into the mechanisms regulating early embryonic development.展开更多
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS)damages embryonic development and leads to growth arrest.Objective The purpose of this study is to elucidate whether ...Background Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS)damages embryonic development and leads to growth arrest.Objective The purpose of this study is to elucidate whether maternal zinc(Zn)exert protective effect on oxidative stress targeting mitochondrial function using an avian model.Result In ovo injected tert-butyl hydroperoxide(BHP)increases(P<0.05)hepatic mitochondrial ROS,malondialdehyde(MDA)and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG),and decreases(P<0.05)mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)copy number and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content,contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction.In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that Zn addition enhances(P<0.05)ATP synthesis and metallothionein 4(MT4)content and expression as well as alleviates(P<0.05)the BHP-induced mitochondrial ROS generation,oxidative damage and dysfunction,exerting a protective effect on mitochondrial function by enhancing antioxidant capacity and upregulating the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and PGC-1α.Conclusions The present study provides a new way to protect offspring against oxidative damage by maternal Zn supplementation through the process of targeting mitochondria involving the activation of Nrf2/PGC-1αsignaling.展开更多
This paper describes a new species of the snout moth Berastagia tainanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Taiwan. From 2009 to 2016, a biology study was conducted on population dynamics and embryonic developmen...This paper describes a new species of the snout moth Berastagia tainanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Taiwan. From 2009 to 2016, a biology study was conducted on population dynamics and embryonic development. Spring season is the peak of the eclosion of overwintering larvae or pupae. The average longevity of adult was 14.8 ± 6.2 days (N = 174), the average number of eggs laid was 259 ± 3 eggs/moth (N = 2), the hatching rate of eggs was 95.4% (N = 262), and the average hatching time of eggs was 99.6 ± 18.6 hours (N = 68). The average body length of males was 5.64 mm ± 0.91 mm (N = 30), and the average body length of females was 6.28 mm ± 0.84 mm (N = 30). This finding indicates that female snout moths are larger than males (Global R = 0.058, P = 0.012). The snout moth eclosion rate was 16.9 moths/100 pods in the first year (2010/2011, N = 2,224 pods) and 10.9 moths/100 pods in the second year (2014/2015, N = 6,382 pods). The pod borer rate was 31.8% (N = 707) and the seed borer rate was 41.2% (N = 3,628) in the first year, whereas the pod borer rate was 76.2% (N = 6,382) in the second year.展开更多
Cell division and differentiation after egg fertilization are critical steps in the development of embryos from single cells to multicellular individuals and are regulated by DNA methylation via its effects on gene ex...Cell division and differentiation after egg fertilization are critical steps in the development of embryos from single cells to multicellular individuals and are regulated by DNA methylation via its effects on gene expression.However,the mechanisms by which DNA methylation regulates these processes in insects remain unclear.Here,we studied the impacts of DNA methylation on early embryonic development in Bombyx mori.Genome methylation and transcriptome analysis of early embryos showed that DNA methylation events mainly occurred in the 5'region of protein metabolism-related genes.The transcription factor gene zinc finger protein 615(ZnF615)was methylated by DNA methyltransferase 1(Dnmt1)to be up-regulated and bind to protein metabolism-related genes.Dnmt1 RNA interference(RNAi)revealed that DNA methylation mainly regulated the expression of nonmethylated nutrient metabolism-related genes through ZnF615.The same sites in the ZnF615 gene were methylated in ovaries and embryos.Knockout of ZnF615 using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing decreased the hatching rate and egg number to levels similar to that of Dnmt1 knockout.Analysis of the ZnF615 methylation rate revealed that the DNA methylation pattern in the parent ovary was maintained and doubled in the offspring embryo.Thus,Dnmt1-mediated intragenic DNA methylation of the transcription factor ZnF615 enhances its expression to ensure ovarian and embryonic development.展开更多
Photoperiod is a key environmental indicator for re gulating embryonic development,individual growth and physiological processes in aquatic animals.In this study,differences in embryonic development and performance of...Photoperiod is a key environmental indicator for re gulating embryonic development,individual growth and physiological processes in aquatic animals.In this study,differences in embryonic development and performance of newly hatched cuttlefish juvenile exposed to five different cycles of light:dark(L:D):constant light,18 L:6D,12 L:12D,6 L:18D cycles,and constant darkness were evaluated.Prolonged exposure to light induced an accelerated rate of embryonic development,particularly after the red-bead stage.Principal component analysis(PCA)revealed that red-bead stage,heartbeat,endoskeleton formation,pigment appear,and six increments of cuttlebone were the main factors contributing to the embryonic development.Meaning that the duration time of these five stages were significantly different when exposed to photoperiod regimes,which may determine the duration of the incubation period of the embryos.Long term light has also affected the incubation parameters with an increased rate in hatching and shortened the incubation and hatching periods in the 12-24-h day length range.However,constant light and darkness environment appeared to have a greater effect on the stress of embryonic development,mainly reflected in the yolk shed ratio and the inking rate in the egg capsule.Moreover,the increase in the day length has contributed to improve the growth and survival of juveniles in the 12-18-h day length range;however,juveniles exposed to constant light and darkness experienced worse re sults in terms of growth,tissue glycogen content,dige stive enzymes of the digestive glands,and metabolic enzymes of the muscles.These finding suggest that prolonged light exposure accelerates the process of embryonic development,maximum feeding time is not necessarily a condition of optimal growth,and inappropriate light cycles can disturb the body’s endogenous controls.Therefore,the optimal photoperiod for the embryos development and juvenile growth of Sepia pharaonis were 12 h and 12-18 h of day length,respectively.These results are useful for increasing the production of this species during embryo incubation and juveniles rearing in aquaculture practice.展开更多
RanBP1 is a binding protein of Ran that plays a pivotal role in nucleocytoplasmic transport.In this study,the localization and possible functions of RanBP1 were examined,during the early embryonic development of mice....RanBP1 is a binding protein of Ran that plays a pivotal role in nucleocytoplasmic transport.In this study,the localization and possible functions of RanBP1 were examined,during the early embryonic development of mice.Immunofluorescence results showed that RanBP1 was mainly localized in cytoplasm at mitosis interphase,and its concentration was lower in nucleus and the lowest in nucleolus.With the formation of the spindle in the early embryonic cells,RanBP1 condensed area took the shape of spindle microtubule,the concentration of RanBP1 was low in the site of chromosome.During the formation of nucleus,RanBP1 concentrated in nucleus and there were few dots of RanBP1 around the nucleolus.These dots were lost after the nucleus full growth.The results showed that RanBP1 had important roles in nucleocytoplasmic transport,spindle formation and nuclear assembly in the early embryonic development of mice.展开更多
Objective The putative coronatean Punctatus flourished at the beginning of the Cambrian explosion,and is significant in the exploration of the origin and evolution of early life.Liu Yunhuan established a new species:P...Objective The putative coronatean Punctatus flourished at the beginning of the Cambrian explosion,and is significant in the exploration of the origin and evolution of early life.Liu Yunhuan established a new species:Punctatus triangulicostalis Liu,2006.Two questions remain:how was the special body plan of P.triangulicostalis formed?How does P.triangulicostalis transform from embryo展开更多
Background: Acquisition of pluripotency by transcriptional regulatory factors is an initial developmental event that is required for regulation of cell fate and lineage specification during early embryonic development...Background: Acquisition of pluripotency by transcriptional regulatory factors is an initial developmental event that is required for regulation of cell fate and lineage specification during early embryonic development. The evolutionarily conserved core transcriptional factors regulating the pluripotency network in fishes, amphibians, and mammals have been elucidated. There are also species-specific maternally inherited transcriptional factors and their intricate transcriptional networks important in the acquisition of pluripotency. In avian species, however, the core transcriptional network that governs the acquisition of pluripotency during early embryonic development is not well understood.Results: We found that chicken NANOG(c NANOG) was expressed in the stages between the pre-ovulatory follicle and oocyte and was continuously detected in Eyal-Giladi and Kochav stage I(EGK.I) to X. However, c POUV was not expressed during fol iculogenesis, but began to be detectable between EGK.V and VI. Unexpectedly, c SOX2 could not be detected during fol iculogenesis and intrauterine embryonic development. Instead of c SOX2, c SOX3 was maternally inherited and continuously expressed during chicken intrauterine development. In addition, we found that the pluripotency-related genes such as c ENS-1, c KIT, c LIN28 A, c MYC, c PRDM14, and c SALL4 began to be dramatical y upregulated between EGK.VI and VII.Conclusion: These results suggest that chickens have a unique pluripotent circuitry since maternally inherited c NANOG and c SOX3 may play an important role in the initial acquisition of pluripotency. Moreover, the acquisition of pluripotency in chicken embryos occurs at around EGK.VI to VI I.展开更多
This study examined the effects of salinity on embryonic development, survival, and growth of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. The embryos, larvae, and juveniles of C. hongkongensis were held in artific...This study examined the effects of salinity on embryonic development, survival, and growth of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. The embryos, larvae, and juveniles of C. hongkongensis were held in artificial seawater at three different salinities(low, 15; medium, 23; and high, 30) to determine the optimum hatchery and nursery conditions for mass production of the seeds. Results showed that the percentage production of straight-hinged larvae from fertilized eggs was significantly lower at the high salinity than at the low- and medium-salinities(P < 0.05). The survival rates of larvae and juveniles differed significantly among the three salinity trials, with the highest survival rate observed at the low salinity(P < 0.05). The shell height of larvae was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities from days 9 to 15(P < 0.05), whereas that of juveniles was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities on day 70(P < 0.05). These results indicate that the larvae and juveniles of C. hongkongensis are tolerant to a wide range of salinities(15 to 30), but show better growth and survival at relatively low salinities. Thus, it is recommended to use relatively low salinities in hatchery and nursery systems for improved yields of C. hongkongensis.展开更多
The early effects of chromosomal manipulation of eggs and sperm on the yields of triploid and gynogenetic diploid larvae of Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Triploidy was achieved by cold shocking fertilized ...The early effects of chromosomal manipulation of eggs and sperm on the yields of triploid and gynogenetic diploid larvae of Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Triploidy was achieved by cold shocking fertilized eggs at 0-2℃ for 45 minutes duration 5 minutes after fertilization, and the induced triploidy rates were 31.2%-50% and the relative hatching rates were 53.3%-99%. Gynogenetic diploids were obtained when eggs were inseminated with irradiated sperm and cold shocked at 0-2℃ for 45 minutes duration 5 minutes after fertilization. The induced gynogenetic diploid rates and the relative hatching rates were 94%-96% and 48.5%-68.5% respectively. The embryonic development of the triploid experimental group and of the gynogenetic diploid experimental group was delayed at first compared with the control group. But from the gastrula stage, it was not delayed anymore. There were no significant differences in the growth of the triploid experimental group larvae and the control group larvae, and in the growth of the gynogenetic diploid experimental group larvae and the control group larvae according to Student’s t test (α=0.05). The relationship between the early growth of the triploid experimental group larvae and that of gynogenetic diploid experimental group larvae was also studied.展开更多
For production enhancement and procedure upgrade, the developmental phases of labora-tory-reared eggs of catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were investigated. Twenty mature females and 10 males were collected from Dadong...For production enhancement and procedure upgrade, the developmental phases of labora-tory-reared eggs of catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were investigated. Twenty mature females and 10 males were collected from Dadongmen wholesale fisheries market in Wuhan City on May 8, 2003. Zy-gotes were stripped from mature fish after hormone-induced ovulation, fertilized, and incubated through whole embryonic development. The fertilized eggs were stocked in density of 100 eggs/L in white square tanks of 10 L. Incubation water was dechlorinated tap water with continuous aeration. The tanks were lit directly with 60 W fluorescent bulbs with a 12 light:12 dark photoperiod. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were 29.0±0.5℃, 6.7±0.4 mg/L and 7.4±0.2, respectively. The results showed that the eggs of P. fulvidraco were yellow, sticky and contained much yolk. The mean diameter of fertilized eggs was 2.03 mm. At the water temperature of 29.0±0.5℃, the ontogenesis spent about 33 h after fertilization. From fertilization to hatching, the embryonic development can be divided into 30–40 phases, which var-ies in the emphasis and direction of development. The detailed embryonic movement was also described.展开更多
Background: The homeobox containing transcription factor Nanog plays crucial roles in embryonic development/proliferation and/or maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs) via interacting with transcription factor...Background: The homeobox containing transcription factor Nanog plays crucial roles in embryonic development/proliferation and/or maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs) via interacting with transcription factors such as Oct4 and Sox2 in mammals. However, knowledge of its exact mechanistic pathways remains unexploited. Very little is known about teleost Nanog. Information on the Nanog gene of farmed rohu carp(Labeo rohita) is lacking. We cloned and characterized the Nanog gene of rohu carp to understand the expression pattern in early developmental stages and also deduced the genomic organization including promoter elements.Results: Rohu Nanog(LrNanog) cDNA comprised an open reading frame of 1,161 nucleotides bearing a structural homeodomain; whereas, the genomic structure contained four exons and three introns suggesting that it is homologous to mammalian counterparts. Phylogenetical y, it was closely related to freshwater counterparts. Protein sequence(386 AA of42.65 kDa) comparison revealed its low similarity with other vertebrate counterparts except that of the conserved homeodomain. Tissue distribution analysis revealed the existence of LrNanog transcripts only in adult gonads. The heightened abundances in the ovary and proliferating spermatogonia suggested its participations in maternal inheritance and male germ cell development. The potentiating abundances from fertilized egg onwards peaking at blastula stage vis-à-vis decreasing levels from gastrula stage onwards demonstrated its role in embryonic stem cell development. We also provided evidence of its presence in SSCs by western blotting analysis. Further, the promoter region was characterized, predicting a basal core promoter and other consensus elements.Conclusion: The molecular characterization of LrNanog and its documented expression profiling at transcript and protein levels are indicative of its functional linkage with embryonic/spermatogonial stem cell maintenance. This is the first report of LrNanog genomic organization including its promoter sequence information with predicted regulatory elements of a large-bodied carp species. This will be useful for elucidating its mechanism expression in future. Nanog could be used as a potential biomarker for proliferating carp SSCs.展开更多
Lepidoptera,with 0.16 million species,is the second largest order of insecta.This order includes silk worms,butterflies,and many agricultural pests.The cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner)is one of the pests i...Lepidoptera,with 0.16 million species,is the second largest order of insecta.This order includes silk worms,butterflies,and many agricultural pests.The cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner)is one of the pests in Lepidoptera that seriously harms cotton plant and other crops in China and other countries.This pest develops resistance to chemical insecticides rapidly.Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)transgenic cotton plants are developed to control H.armigera population in the field.However,duri ng the past years,the rapid evoluti on of Bt toxi n resista nee is observed in H.armigera in tran sge nic cott on fields.New approaches for the development of new envir on mentally friendly insecticides to control H.armigera have become necessary,and the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and physiological processes of this species need to be further understood.Considerable progress in the study of H.armigera development and physiology has been achieved in the last decade.This mini-review summarizes the main fin dings on the molecular mechanisms of horm onal regulation of the development of H.armigera to present new target genes for developing new approaches to control the pest.展开更多
Access to embryonic developmental stages is essential basic work for understanding how organisms develop. In this study, seven egg clutches(range 209–564 eggs) of ornamented pygmy frog Microhyla fissipes(Amphibia, An...Access to embryonic developmental stages is essential basic work for understanding how organisms develop. In this study, seven egg clutches(range 209–564 eggs) of ornamented pygmy frog Microhyla fissipes(Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) were obtained from seven breeding pairs in laboratory. One egg clutch of them was observed for the embryonic development, and the staging table of normal development was constructed based on morphological and physiological characteristics. Forty-five developmental stages were defined for M. fissipes, and two major developmental periods were designated: 1) early embryonic development period(stages 1–28), from fertilization to operculum completion stage, lasted for 82.6 hours at water temperature(WT) 23–25℃; 2) larval development period(stages 29–45), from operculum completion to tail complete absorption stage, took 38 days at WT 22–26.5℃, showing that the embryos of this species develop rapidly. In addition, the tadpoles were transparent, which is similar to those in field. These characteristics suggest that M. fissipes would be a good model to study developmental biology, adaptive mechanisms from aquatic to terrestrial phases, environmental toxicology, and human disease.展开更多
Zeaxanthin is a common carotenoid,which is a powerful antioxidant that protects against damage caused by reactive oxygen species.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of zeaxanthin supplementatio...Zeaxanthin is a common carotenoid,which is a powerful antioxidant that protects against damage caused by reactive oxygen species.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of zeaxanthin supplementation on in vitro maturation of porcine embryo development.We investigated nuclear maturation,intracellular glutathione(GSH),and reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels during in vitro maturation,and subsequent embryonic development following parthenogenetic activation and in vitro fertilization(IVF).The oocytes were maturated and used at the metaphase II stage.After 42 hours of in vitro maturation,the zeaxanthin-treated group(0.5 umol/L) showed significant increases in nuclear maturation(89.6%) than the control group(83.4%)(P < 0.05).The intracellular GSH levels increased significantly(P<0.05) as zeaxanthin concentrations increased;ROS generation levels decreased with increased zeaxanthin concentrations,but there were no significant differences.There were no significant differences in subsequent embryonic development,cleavage rate,blastocyst stage rate,and total blastocyst cell numbers following parthenogenetic activation and IVF when in vitro maturation media was supplemented with zeaxanthin.These results suggest that treatment with zeaxanthin during in vitro maturation improved the nuclear maturation of porcine oocytes by increasing the intracellular GSH level,thereby slightly decreasing the intracellular ROS level.展开更多
With the technology of morphology, histology and nutrition, the characteristics of organ development and the source and demand of nutritional at different stages in post-embryonic (water temperature 3-14°C) of Hu...With the technology of morphology, histology and nutrition, the characteristics of organ development and the source and demand of nutritional at different stages in post-embryonic (water temperature 3-14°C) of Hucho taimen were discussed. The results showed that the membrane of H. taimen fertilized ovum was ruptured in 30 d, the prototype of U-type stomach was formed, the mouth could open and close freely, and nutrition was supplied from its yolk sac. The membrane ruptured after 8 d, teeth formed, and anus communicated with outsiders. The oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus, U-type stomach, intestine, and anus initially formed in the digestive tube, which nutrition was supplied from the huge yolk sac. The membrane ruptured after 16 d, pancreas and pyloric caeca appeared, larvae could intake and digest exogenous food, fish mixed nutrition, which was from yolk sac and outsiders, mainly depended on endogenous. The membrane ruptured after 24 d, the fish began floating and intaking actively, the fish mixed nutrition which mainly depended on exogenous. The membrane ruptured after 30 d, the yolk sac was completely absorbed, the function and structure of each digestive organs developed consummately, fish was from mixed nutrition into the stage of exogenous nutrition, the nutritional need of juveniles was below 10% fat, level of the optimal protein was 50%.展开更多
The effects of temperature and pH on embryonic development and survival rate of newly hatched larvae of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus were discussed by single factor experiment method.Under a salinity of 31‰,fertilized e...The effects of temperature and pH on embryonic development and survival rate of newly hatched larvae of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus were discussed by single factor experiment method.Under a salinity of 31‰,fertilized eggs were incubated at different temperatures( 17,20,23,26,29( control),32,35 ℃) and different pH values( 5.5,6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0,8.4( control),8.5,9.0,9.5 and 10.0),the development rate of fertilized eggs,hatching rate,deformity rate,survival rate of newly hatched larvae,and optimum temperature and pH ranges for embryonic development were recorded and analyzed.The results showed that the incubation period y required by fertilized eggs was in remarkably negative correlation with temperature x,y = 4 017.3x^(-1.527 7),R^2= 0.971 3.At 29 ℃,the hatching rate was the highest,up to 92.00%; this temperature was corresponding to the lowest deformity rate of newly hatched larvae( 1.09%); corresponding effective accumulative temperature was also the lowest( 437.410 ℃·h),and significantly different from other experimental groups( P < 0.05); but on the contrary,corresponding survival rates at 24 and 48 h reached,respectively,88.03% and 82.97% which were significantly different from other experimental groups( P <0.05).At the pH of 8.4 in the CK group and the pH of 8.5 of one experimental group,the embryonic development rates were the highest; corresponding hatching rates of fertilized eggs were the highest,respectively,of 88.33% and 83.33% which were significantly different from other groups( P < 0.05); and corresponding survival rates at 24 and 48 h were the highest,and reached 90.84% and 85.03%,respectively.In the pH range of 8.0- 8.5,the deformity rate of newly hatched larvae was 0.It was indicating that for embryonic development of E.fuscoguttatus,the suitable water temperature value was in the range of 17- 29 ℃,the optimum value was in the range of 23- 29℃; and the suitable pH value was in the range of 6.5- 9.5,and the optimum value was in the range of 8.0- 8.5.展开更多
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo zinc(Zn) injection on the embryonic development, tissue Zn contents, antioxidation and related gene expressions of fertilized eggs of Arbor Acres broi...Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo zinc(Zn) injection on the embryonic development, tissue Zn contents, antioxidation and related gene expressions of fertilized eggs of Arbor Acres broiler breeders. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine an optimal embryonic age for early in ovo injection. A total of 720 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 30 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The eggs were injected with 0.1 m L sterilized water at 3, 6 and 9 embryonic days of incubation(E3, E6 and E9) or non-injection(the control), respectively. The results from experiment 1 showed that E3 and E6 injections increased(P<0.05) the embryonic mortalities, and decreased(P<0.05) hatchabilities compared to the non-injected control, but no differences(P>0.05) between E9 injection and the non-injected control were observed in either embryonic mortality or hatchability. The findings suggest that the E9 is the optimal embryonic age for early in ovo injection. In experiment 2, a total of 672 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly allocated to 7 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 16 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The eggs were injected with 0(the negative control), 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 μg Zn/egg as reagent grade Zn SO4·7 H2 O in a 0.1-m L solution, or non-injection(the positive control), respectively at E9–10. The results from the experiment 2 demonstrated that no differences(P>0.05) among 50 and 100 μg Zn/egg groups and the negative control were observed in the embryonic mortality and hatchability, however, the injection of 200 μg Zn/egg increased(P<0.05) the embryonic mortality, and injections of 150 and 200 μg Zn/egg decreased(P<0.05) hatchabilities compared with the controls. The embryonic tibia Zn contents at E20 were increased(P<0.05) by injections of 150, 200 and 250 μg Zn/egg. Zinc injection did not affect(P>0.05) malonaldehyde(MDA) contents, copper-and Zncontaining superoxide dismutase(Cu Zn SOD) activities and m RNA expression levels in the liver and heart of chick embryos at E15 and E20. Compared with the negative control, injections of 50, 150 and 200 μg Zn/egg up-regulated(P<0.05) the metallothionein(MT) mR NA expression levels in the embryonic liver at E20. These results indicated that in ovo Zn injections increased Zn contents in the embryonic tibia and MT m RNA expression levels in the embryonic liver at E20, however, injections of 150–200 μg Zn/egg were harmful to the embryonic development.展开更多
[Objective] The purpose was to provide a reference for crossbreeding of grass carp. [Method]We conducted hybridization between Ctenopharyngodon idellus( ♀) and Elopichthys bambusa(♂) by artificial methods. The proce...[Objective] The purpose was to provide a reference for crossbreeding of grass carp. [Method]We conducted hybridization between Ctenopharyngodon idellus( ♀) and Elopichthys bambusa(♂) by artificial methods. The process of embryo and postembryonic development were observed and recorded. [Result]The fertilization rate,hatching rate and survival rate of the hybrid F1were( 75. 8 ± 6. 2) %,( 41. 9 ± 8. 2) % and( 9. 3 ± 3. 7) %,respectively. At the water temperature of 20. 1- 21. 6℃,the larvae was hatched for about 34 h and 25 min after fertilization. The whole length of newly-hatched larvae of the hybrid F1was( 5. 8 ± 0. 12) mm. The larvae could feed rotifer and unicellular algae after 3 or 4 days hatching. Postembryonic development of the hybrid at the formation of scales,lasted for 65 days when the young was( 74. 0 ± 2. 1) mm in whole length. [Conclusion]The embryonic development of hybrid F1 was intermediate to their parents,the form of the hybrid F1 was similar to that of their female line of grass carp. The growth rate of larva was faster than that of grass carp and similar to that of their paternal fish.展开更多
Three anti-keratin MAbs were used to identifykeratins expressed in early embryos of Bufo bufogargarizans.MAb AF5 recognized three polypeptides ofkeratin in oocytes,fertilized eggs,up to neurula withMr of 68,65 and 60K...Three anti-keratin MAbs were used to identifykeratins expressed in early embryos of Bufo bufogargarizans.MAb AF5 recognized three polypeptides ofkeratin in oocytes,fertilized eggs,up to neurula withMr of 68,65 and 60Kd respectively.At tailbud stage,three other keratins(62,58 and 54Kd)began to expressand could be detected by AF5.MAbs D10 and K12 gavedifferent results,both of them could identify four keratin-like molecules with unusual molecular weights(Mr 98,95,30 and 27 Kd).Moreover,D10 could also detect a 54 Kdkeratin in neurula and tailbud stage embryos,while K12could reveal,beside 54Kd keratin,other four more kera-tins(68,65,62 and 60 Kd).The possible interpretation ofthese results and their implications are discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)Research Initiative Program(KGM4252331,KGM5382322),Republic of Korea.
文摘Background Oxidative stress,caused by an imbalance in the production and elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),has been recognized for its detrimental effects on mammalian embryonic development.Luteolin(Lut)has been documented for its protective effects against oxidative stress in various studies.However,its specific role in embryonic development remains unexplored.This study aims to investigate the influence of Lut on porcine embryonic development and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Results After undergoing parthenogenetic activation(PA)or in vitro fertilization,embryos supplemented with 0.5μmol/L Lut displayed a significant enhancement in cleavage and blastocyst formation rates,with an increase in total cell numbers and a decrease in the apoptosis rate compared to the control.Measurements on D2 and D6 revealed that embryos with Lut supplementation had lower ROS levels and higher glutathione levels compared to the control.Moreover,Lut supplementation significantly augmented mitochondrial content and membrane potential.Intriguingly,activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was observed in embryos supplemented with Lut,leading to the upregulation of antioxidant-related gene transcription levels.To further validate the relationship between the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and effects of Lut in porcine embryonic development,we cultured PA embryos in a medium supplemented with brusatol,with or without the inclusion of Lut.The positive effects of Lut on developmental competence were negated by brusatol treatment.Conclusions Our findings indicate that Lut-mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway contributes to the enhanced production of porcine embryos with high developmental competence,and offers insight into the mechanisms regulating early embryonic development.
基金sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1301800 and1300400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31802080 and 3197200131)+1 种基金Key Open Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine of State Ethnic Affairs Commission&National Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for the Separation and Purification Technology of Ethnic Chinese Veterinary Medicine([2022]09)Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Special Foundation(210723106900762 and 2021020103-2)。
文摘Background Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS)damages embryonic development and leads to growth arrest.Objective The purpose of this study is to elucidate whether maternal zinc(Zn)exert protective effect on oxidative stress targeting mitochondrial function using an avian model.Result In ovo injected tert-butyl hydroperoxide(BHP)increases(P<0.05)hepatic mitochondrial ROS,malondialdehyde(MDA)and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG),and decreases(P<0.05)mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)copy number and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content,contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction.In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that Zn addition enhances(P<0.05)ATP synthesis and metallothionein 4(MT4)content and expression as well as alleviates(P<0.05)the BHP-induced mitochondrial ROS generation,oxidative damage and dysfunction,exerting a protective effect on mitochondrial function by enhancing antioxidant capacity and upregulating the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and PGC-1α.Conclusions The present study provides a new way to protect offspring against oxidative damage by maternal Zn supplementation through the process of targeting mitochondria involving the activation of Nrf2/PGC-1αsignaling.
文摘This paper describes a new species of the snout moth Berastagia tainanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Taiwan. From 2009 to 2016, a biology study was conducted on population dynamics and embryonic development. Spring season is the peak of the eclosion of overwintering larvae or pupae. The average longevity of adult was 14.8 ± 6.2 days (N = 174), the average number of eggs laid was 259 ± 3 eggs/moth (N = 2), the hatching rate of eggs was 95.4% (N = 262), and the average hatching time of eggs was 99.6 ± 18.6 hours (N = 68). The average body length of males was 5.64 mm ± 0.91 mm (N = 30), and the average body length of females was 6.28 mm ± 0.84 mm (N = 30). This finding indicates that female snout moths are larger than males (Global R = 0.058, P = 0.012). The snout moth eclosion rate was 16.9 moths/100 pods in the first year (2010/2011, N = 2,224 pods) and 10.9 moths/100 pods in the second year (2014/2015, N = 6,382 pods). The pod borer rate was 31.8% (N = 707) and the seed borer rate was 41.2% (N = 3,628) in the first year, whereas the pod borer rate was 76.2% (N = 6,382) in the second year.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872286,32100374)。
文摘Cell division and differentiation after egg fertilization are critical steps in the development of embryos from single cells to multicellular individuals and are regulated by DNA methylation via its effects on gene expression.However,the mechanisms by which DNA methylation regulates these processes in insects remain unclear.Here,we studied the impacts of DNA methylation on early embryonic development in Bombyx mori.Genome methylation and transcriptome analysis of early embryos showed that DNA methylation events mainly occurred in the 5'region of protein metabolism-related genes.The transcription factor gene zinc finger protein 615(ZnF615)was methylated by DNA methyltransferase 1(Dnmt1)to be up-regulated and bind to protein metabolism-related genes.Dnmt1 RNA interference(RNAi)revealed that DNA methylation mainly regulated the expression of nonmethylated nutrient metabolism-related genes through ZnF615.The same sites in the ZnF615 gene were methylated in ovaries and embryos.Knockout of ZnF615 using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing decreased the hatching rate and egg number to levels similar to that of Dnmt1 knockout.Analysis of the ZnF615 methylation rate revealed that the DNA methylation pattern in the parent ovary was maintained and doubled in the offspring embryo.Thus,Dnmt1-mediated intragenic DNA methylation of the transcription factor ZnF615 enhances its expression to ensure ovarian and embryonic development.
基金Supported by the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(No.2021Z007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32102756)。
文摘Photoperiod is a key environmental indicator for re gulating embryonic development,individual growth and physiological processes in aquatic animals.In this study,differences in embryonic development and performance of newly hatched cuttlefish juvenile exposed to five different cycles of light:dark(L:D):constant light,18 L:6D,12 L:12D,6 L:18D cycles,and constant darkness were evaluated.Prolonged exposure to light induced an accelerated rate of embryonic development,particularly after the red-bead stage.Principal component analysis(PCA)revealed that red-bead stage,heartbeat,endoskeleton formation,pigment appear,and six increments of cuttlebone were the main factors contributing to the embryonic development.Meaning that the duration time of these five stages were significantly different when exposed to photoperiod regimes,which may determine the duration of the incubation period of the embryos.Long term light has also affected the incubation parameters with an increased rate in hatching and shortened the incubation and hatching periods in the 12-24-h day length range.However,constant light and darkness environment appeared to have a greater effect on the stress of embryonic development,mainly reflected in the yolk shed ratio and the inking rate in the egg capsule.Moreover,the increase in the day length has contributed to improve the growth and survival of juveniles in the 12-18-h day length range;however,juveniles exposed to constant light and darkness experienced worse re sults in terms of growth,tissue glycogen content,dige stive enzymes of the digestive glands,and metabolic enzymes of the muscles.These finding suggest that prolonged light exposure accelerates the process of embryonic development,maximum feeding time is not necessarily a condition of optimal growth,and inappropriate light cycles can disturb the body’s endogenous controls.Therefore,the optimal photoperiod for the embryos development and juvenile growth of Sepia pharaonis were 12 h and 12-18 h of day length,respectively.These results are useful for increasing the production of this species during embryo incubation and juveniles rearing in aquaculture practice.
基金Supported by Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Face Project)(C2016021)Open Project of Key Laboratory of Feed Science,Northeast Agricultural University,Heilongjiang Province(yy-2012-10)。
文摘RanBP1 is a binding protein of Ran that plays a pivotal role in nucleocytoplasmic transport.In this study,the localization and possible functions of RanBP1 were examined,during the early embryonic development of mice.Immunofluorescence results showed that RanBP1 was mainly localized in cytoplasm at mitosis interphase,and its concentration was lower in nucleus and the lowest in nucleolus.With the formation of the spindle in the early embryonic cells,RanBP1 condensed area took the shape of spindle microtubule,the concentration of RanBP1 was low in the site of chromosome.During the formation of nucleus,RanBP1 concentrated in nucleus and there were few dots of RanBP1 around the nucleolus.These dots were lost after the nucleus full growth.The results showed that RanBP1 had important roles in nucleocytoplasmic transport,spindle formation and nuclear assembly in the early embryonic development of mice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No.41572009)the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy (grant No.173121)the College Students’ Training Program of Chang’an University (201610710047, 201710710062, 201710710063, 201710710240)
文摘Objective The putative coronatean Punctatus flourished at the beginning of the Cambrian explosion,and is significant in the exploration of the origin and evolution of early life.Liu Yunhuan established a new species:Punctatus triangulicostalis Liu,2006.Two questions remain:how was the special body plan of P.triangulicostalis formed?How does P.triangulicostalis transform from embryo
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP)(No.2015R1A3A2033826)the International Research&Development Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning of Korea(NRF-2016K1A3A1A21005676)
文摘Background: Acquisition of pluripotency by transcriptional regulatory factors is an initial developmental event that is required for regulation of cell fate and lineage specification during early embryonic development. The evolutionarily conserved core transcriptional factors regulating the pluripotency network in fishes, amphibians, and mammals have been elucidated. There are also species-specific maternally inherited transcriptional factors and their intricate transcriptional networks important in the acquisition of pluripotency. In avian species, however, the core transcriptional network that governs the acquisition of pluripotency during early embryonic development is not well understood.Results: We found that chicken NANOG(c NANOG) was expressed in the stages between the pre-ovulatory follicle and oocyte and was continuously detected in Eyal-Giladi and Kochav stage I(EGK.I) to X. However, c POUV was not expressed during fol iculogenesis, but began to be detectable between EGK.V and VI. Unexpectedly, c SOX2 could not be detected during fol iculogenesis and intrauterine embryonic development. Instead of c SOX2, c SOX3 was maternally inherited and continuously expressed during chicken intrauterine development. In addition, we found that the pluripotency-related genes such as c ENS-1, c KIT, c LIN28 A, c MYC, c PRDM14, and c SALL4 began to be dramatical y upregulated between EGK.VI and VII.Conclusion: These results suggest that chickens have a unique pluripotent circuitry since maternally inherited c NANOG and c SOX3 may play an important role in the initial acquisition of pluripotency. Moreover, the acquisition of pluripotency in chicken embryos occurs at around EGK.VI to VI I.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31172403)the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB126406)
文摘This study examined the effects of salinity on embryonic development, survival, and growth of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. The embryos, larvae, and juveniles of C. hongkongensis were held in artificial seawater at three different salinities(low, 15; medium, 23; and high, 30) to determine the optimum hatchery and nursery conditions for mass production of the seeds. Results showed that the percentage production of straight-hinged larvae from fertilized eggs was significantly lower at the high salinity than at the low- and medium-salinities(P < 0.05). The survival rates of larvae and juveniles differed significantly among the three salinity trials, with the highest survival rate observed at the low salinity(P < 0.05). The shell height of larvae was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities from days 9 to 15(P < 0.05), whereas that of juveniles was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities on day 70(P < 0.05). These results indicate that the larvae and juveniles of C. hongkongensis are tolerant to a wide range of salinities(15 to 30), but show better growth and survival at relatively low salinities. Thus, it is recommended to use relatively low salinities in hatchery and nursery systems for improved yields of C. hongkongensis.
文摘The early effects of chromosomal manipulation of eggs and sperm on the yields of triploid and gynogenetic diploid larvae of Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Triploidy was achieved by cold shocking fertilized eggs at 0-2℃ for 45 minutes duration 5 minutes after fertilization, and the induced triploidy rates were 31.2%-50% and the relative hatching rates were 53.3%-99%. Gynogenetic diploids were obtained when eggs were inseminated with irradiated sperm and cold shocked at 0-2℃ for 45 minutes duration 5 minutes after fertilization. The induced gynogenetic diploid rates and the relative hatching rates were 94%-96% and 48.5%-68.5% respectively. The embryonic development of the triploid experimental group and of the gynogenetic diploid experimental group was delayed at first compared with the control group. But from the gastrula stage, it was not delayed anymore. There were no significant differences in the growth of the triploid experimental group larvae and the control group larvae, and in the growth of the gynogenetic diploid experimental group larvae and the control group larvae according to Student’s t test (α=0.05). The relationship between the early growth of the triploid experimental group larvae and that of gynogenetic diploid experimental group larvae was also studied.
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Bureau of Wuhan City, Hubei Province (No: 20012009105-4)
文摘For production enhancement and procedure upgrade, the developmental phases of labora-tory-reared eggs of catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were investigated. Twenty mature females and 10 males were collected from Dadongmen wholesale fisheries market in Wuhan City on May 8, 2003. Zy-gotes were stripped from mature fish after hormone-induced ovulation, fertilized, and incubated through whole embryonic development. The fertilized eggs were stocked in density of 100 eggs/L in white square tanks of 10 L. Incubation water was dechlorinated tap water with continuous aeration. The tanks were lit directly with 60 W fluorescent bulbs with a 12 light:12 dark photoperiod. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were 29.0±0.5℃, 6.7±0.4 mg/L and 7.4±0.2, respectively. The results showed that the eggs of P. fulvidraco were yellow, sticky and contained much yolk. The mean diameter of fertilized eggs was 2.03 mm. At the water temperature of 29.0±0.5℃, the ontogenesis spent about 33 h after fertilization. From fertilization to hatching, the embryonic development can be divided into 30–40 phases, which var-ies in the emphasis and direction of development. The detailed embryonic movement was also described.
基金provided by grant from Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Department of Biotechnology(DBT),Government of India
文摘Background: The homeobox containing transcription factor Nanog plays crucial roles in embryonic development/proliferation and/or maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs) via interacting with transcription factors such as Oct4 and Sox2 in mammals. However, knowledge of its exact mechanistic pathways remains unexploited. Very little is known about teleost Nanog. Information on the Nanog gene of farmed rohu carp(Labeo rohita) is lacking. We cloned and characterized the Nanog gene of rohu carp to understand the expression pattern in early developmental stages and also deduced the genomic organization including promoter elements.Results: Rohu Nanog(LrNanog) cDNA comprised an open reading frame of 1,161 nucleotides bearing a structural homeodomain; whereas, the genomic structure contained four exons and three introns suggesting that it is homologous to mammalian counterparts. Phylogenetical y, it was closely related to freshwater counterparts. Protein sequence(386 AA of42.65 kDa) comparison revealed its low similarity with other vertebrate counterparts except that of the conserved homeodomain. Tissue distribution analysis revealed the existence of LrNanog transcripts only in adult gonads. The heightened abundances in the ovary and proliferating spermatogonia suggested its participations in maternal inheritance and male germ cell development. The potentiating abundances from fertilized egg onwards peaking at blastula stage vis-à-vis decreasing levels from gastrula stage onwards demonstrated its role in embryonic stem cell development. We also provided evidence of its presence in SSCs by western blotting analysis. Further, the promoter region was characterized, predicting a basal core promoter and other consensus elements.Conclusion: The molecular characterization of LrNanog and its documented expression profiling at transcript and protein levels are indicative of its functional linkage with embryonic/spermatogonial stem cell maintenance. This is the first report of LrNanog genomic organization including its promoter sequence information with predicted regulatory elements of a large-bodied carp species. This will be useful for elucidating its mechanism expression in future. Nanog could be used as a potential biomarker for proliferating carp SSCs.
基金This study received the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730083 and 31572328).
文摘Lepidoptera,with 0.16 million species,is the second largest order of insecta.This order includes silk worms,butterflies,and many agricultural pests.The cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner)is one of the pests in Lepidoptera that seriously harms cotton plant and other crops in China and other countries.This pest develops resistance to chemical insecticides rapidly.Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)transgenic cotton plants are developed to control H.armigera population in the field.However,duri ng the past years,the rapid evoluti on of Bt toxi n resista nee is observed in H.armigera in tran sge nic cott on fields.New approaches for the development of new envir on mentally friendly insecticides to control H.armigera have become necessary,and the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and physiological processes of this species need to be further understood.Considerable progress in the study of H.armigera development and physiology has been achieved in the last decade.This mini-review summarizes the main fin dings on the molecular mechanisms of horm onal regulation of the development of H.armigera to present new target genes for developing new approaches to control the pest.
基金supported by Important Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZG-EW-L13)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.31471964)+2 种基金2015 Western Light Talent Culture Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y6C3021)the Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization of CIB,CASthe Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
文摘Access to embryonic developmental stages is essential basic work for understanding how organisms develop. In this study, seven egg clutches(range 209–564 eggs) of ornamented pygmy frog Microhyla fissipes(Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) were obtained from seven breeding pairs in laboratory. One egg clutch of them was observed for the embryonic development, and the staging table of normal development was constructed based on morphological and physiological characteristics. Forty-five developmental stages were defined for M. fissipes, and two major developmental periods were designated: 1) early embryonic development period(stages 1–28), from fertilization to operculum completion stage, lasted for 82.6 hours at water temperature(WT) 23–25℃; 2) larval development period(stages 29–45), from operculum completion to tail complete absorption stage, took 38 days at WT 22–26.5℃, showing that the embryos of this species develop rapidly. In addition, the tadpoles were transparent, which is similar to those in field. These characteristics suggest that M. fissipes would be a good model to study developmental biology, adaptive mechanisms from aquatic to terrestrial phases, environmental toxicology, and human disease.
基金supported,in part,by a grant from the "National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government(NRF-2015H1D3A1066175)"the "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development(Project No.PJ011288,PJ011077)" Rural Development Administration+1 种基金the "Ministry of Trade,Industry & Energy (MOTIE),Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT) through the Leading Industry Development for Economic Region(Project No.R0004357)""Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food,Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries (IPET) through Advanced Production Technology Development Program,funded by Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA)(Grant number: 115103-02)," Republic of Korea
文摘Zeaxanthin is a common carotenoid,which is a powerful antioxidant that protects against damage caused by reactive oxygen species.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of zeaxanthin supplementation on in vitro maturation of porcine embryo development.We investigated nuclear maturation,intracellular glutathione(GSH),and reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels during in vitro maturation,and subsequent embryonic development following parthenogenetic activation and in vitro fertilization(IVF).The oocytes were maturated and used at the metaphase II stage.After 42 hours of in vitro maturation,the zeaxanthin-treated group(0.5 umol/L) showed significant increases in nuclear maturation(89.6%) than the control group(83.4%)(P < 0.05).The intracellular GSH levels increased significantly(P<0.05) as zeaxanthin concentrations increased;ROS generation levels decreased with increased zeaxanthin concentrations,but there were no significant differences.There were no significant differences in subsequent embryonic development,cleavage rate,blastocyst stage rate,and total blastocyst cell numbers following parthenogenetic activation and IVF when in vitro maturation media was supplemented with zeaxanthin.These results suggest that treatment with zeaxanthin during in vitro maturation improved the nuclear maturation of porcine oocytes by increasing the intracellular GSH level,thereby slightly decreasing the intracellular ROS level.
基金supported by the Tackle Key Problems in National Science and Technology(2006BAD03B08-01)the Heilongjiang Emphasis Technology,China(C2008-35)the Special Talents in Harbin,China(2009RFXYN044)
文摘With the technology of morphology, histology and nutrition, the characteristics of organ development and the source and demand of nutritional at different stages in post-embryonic (water temperature 3-14°C) of Hucho taimen were discussed. The results showed that the membrane of H. taimen fertilized ovum was ruptured in 30 d, the prototype of U-type stomach was formed, the mouth could open and close freely, and nutrition was supplied from its yolk sac. The membrane ruptured after 8 d, teeth formed, and anus communicated with outsiders. The oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus, U-type stomach, intestine, and anus initially formed in the digestive tube, which nutrition was supplied from the huge yolk sac. The membrane ruptured after 16 d, pancreas and pyloric caeca appeared, larvae could intake and digest exogenous food, fish mixed nutrition, which was from yolk sac and outsiders, mainly depended on endogenous. The membrane ruptured after 24 d, the fish began floating and intaking actively, the fish mixed nutrition which mainly depended on exogenous. The membrane ruptured after 30 d, the yolk sac was completely absorbed, the function and structure of each digestive organs developed consummately, fish was from mixed nutrition into the stage of exogenous nutrition, the nutritional need of juveniles was below 10% fat, level of the optimal protein was 50%.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Construction of Hainan Key Laboratory and Engineering Technical Research Center(gczx2013005)Special Fund for Technology Development by Scientific Research Institutes of Hainan Province(KYYS-2014-59)+1 种基金Special Fund for Application Technology Development and Demonstration(ZDXM2015025)Hainan Provincial-level Department Budget Project
文摘The effects of temperature and pH on embryonic development and survival rate of newly hatched larvae of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus were discussed by single factor experiment method.Under a salinity of 31‰,fertilized eggs were incubated at different temperatures( 17,20,23,26,29( control),32,35 ℃) and different pH values( 5.5,6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0,8.4( control),8.5,9.0,9.5 and 10.0),the development rate of fertilized eggs,hatching rate,deformity rate,survival rate of newly hatched larvae,and optimum temperature and pH ranges for embryonic development were recorded and analyzed.The results showed that the incubation period y required by fertilized eggs was in remarkably negative correlation with temperature x,y = 4 017.3x^(-1.527 7),R^2= 0.971 3.At 29 ℃,the hatching rate was the highest,up to 92.00%; this temperature was corresponding to the lowest deformity rate of newly hatched larvae( 1.09%); corresponding effective accumulative temperature was also the lowest( 437.410 ℃·h),and significantly different from other experimental groups( P < 0.05); but on the contrary,corresponding survival rates at 24 and 48 h reached,respectively,88.03% and 82.97% which were significantly different from other experimental groups( P <0.05).At the pH of 8.4 in the CK group and the pH of 8.5 of one experimental group,the embryonic development rates were the highest; corresponding hatching rates of fertilized eggs were the highest,respectively,of 88.33% and 83.33% which were significantly different from other groups( P < 0.05); and corresponding survival rates at 24 and 48 h were the highest,and reached 90.84% and 85.03%,respectively.In the pH range of 8.0- 8.5,the deformity rate of newly hatched larvae was 0.It was indicating that for embryonic development of E.fuscoguttatus,the suitable water temperature value was in the range of 17- 29 ℃,the optimum value was in the range of 23- 29℃; and the suitable pH value was in the range of 6.5- 9.5,and the optimum value was in the range of 8.0- 8.5.
基金supported by the Key International Cooperation Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31110103916)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, China (ASTIPIAS08)the earmaked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-42)
文摘Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo zinc(Zn) injection on the embryonic development, tissue Zn contents, antioxidation and related gene expressions of fertilized eggs of Arbor Acres broiler breeders. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine an optimal embryonic age for early in ovo injection. A total of 720 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 30 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The eggs were injected with 0.1 m L sterilized water at 3, 6 and 9 embryonic days of incubation(E3, E6 and E9) or non-injection(the control), respectively. The results from experiment 1 showed that E3 and E6 injections increased(P<0.05) the embryonic mortalities, and decreased(P<0.05) hatchabilities compared to the non-injected control, but no differences(P>0.05) between E9 injection and the non-injected control were observed in either embryonic mortality or hatchability. The findings suggest that the E9 is the optimal embryonic age for early in ovo injection. In experiment 2, a total of 672 fertilized eggs with similar weights were randomly allocated to 7 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 16 eggs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The eggs were injected with 0(the negative control), 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 μg Zn/egg as reagent grade Zn SO4·7 H2 O in a 0.1-m L solution, or non-injection(the positive control), respectively at E9–10. The results from the experiment 2 demonstrated that no differences(P>0.05) among 50 and 100 μg Zn/egg groups and the negative control were observed in the embryonic mortality and hatchability, however, the injection of 200 μg Zn/egg increased(P<0.05) the embryonic mortality, and injections of 150 and 200 μg Zn/egg decreased(P<0.05) hatchabilities compared with the controls. The embryonic tibia Zn contents at E20 were increased(P<0.05) by injections of 150, 200 and 250 μg Zn/egg. Zinc injection did not affect(P>0.05) malonaldehyde(MDA) contents, copper-and Zncontaining superoxide dismutase(Cu Zn SOD) activities and m RNA expression levels in the liver and heart of chick embryos at E15 and E20. Compared with the negative control, injections of 50, 150 and 200 μg Zn/egg up-regulated(P<0.05) the metallothionein(MT) mR NA expression levels in the embryonic liver at E20. These results indicated that in ovo Zn injections increased Zn contents in the embryonic tibia and MT m RNA expression levels in the embryonic liver at E20, however, injections of 150–200 μg Zn/egg were harmful to the embryonic development.
基金Supported by Wuhan Science and Technology Plan Projects(2013021001010464)
文摘[Objective] The purpose was to provide a reference for crossbreeding of grass carp. [Method]We conducted hybridization between Ctenopharyngodon idellus( ♀) and Elopichthys bambusa(♂) by artificial methods. The process of embryo and postembryonic development were observed and recorded. [Result]The fertilization rate,hatching rate and survival rate of the hybrid F1were( 75. 8 ± 6. 2) %,( 41. 9 ± 8. 2) % and( 9. 3 ± 3. 7) %,respectively. At the water temperature of 20. 1- 21. 6℃,the larvae was hatched for about 34 h and 25 min after fertilization. The whole length of newly-hatched larvae of the hybrid F1was( 5. 8 ± 0. 12) mm. The larvae could feed rotifer and unicellular algae after 3 or 4 days hatching. Postembryonic development of the hybrid at the formation of scales,lasted for 65 days when the young was( 74. 0 ± 2. 1) mm in whole length. [Conclusion]The embryonic development of hybrid F1 was intermediate to their parents,the form of the hybrid F1 was similar to that of their female line of grass carp. The growth rate of larva was faster than that of grass carp and similar to that of their paternal fish.
文摘Three anti-keratin MAbs were used to identifykeratins expressed in early embryos of Bufo bufogargarizans.MAb AF5 recognized three polypeptides ofkeratin in oocytes,fertilized eggs,up to neurula withMr of 68,65 and 60Kd respectively.At tailbud stage,three other keratins(62,58 and 54Kd)began to expressand could be detected by AF5.MAbs D10 and K12 gavedifferent results,both of them could identify four keratin-like molecules with unusual molecular weights(Mr 98,95,30 and 27 Kd).Moreover,D10 could also detect a 54 Kdkeratin in neurula and tailbud stage embryos,while K12could reveal,beside 54Kd keratin,other four more kera-tins(68,65,62 and 60 Kd).The possible interpretation ofthese results and their implications are discussed.
