Objective:To analyze the efficacy of ultrasonic emulsification and small incision cataract extracapsular extraction in cataract patients.Methods:96 cataract patients admitted from May 2021 to May 2023 were selected an...Objective:To analyze the efficacy of ultrasonic emulsification and small incision cataract extracapsular extraction in cataract patients.Methods:96 cataract patients admitted from May 2021 to May 2023 were selected and randomly grouped into group A(ultrasonic emulsification)and group B(small-incision extracapsular cataract extraction),with 48 cases each.Results:At 1 week,1-month,and 3 months post-operation,the visual acuity of group A was higher and the astigmatism value was lower than that of group B(P<0.05);at 12h,24h,and 48h post-operation,the intraocular pressure of group A was higher than that of group B(P<0.05);the thickness of macular area of group A was lower than that of group B at 1 week and 1-month post-operation(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ultrasonic emulsification in cataract patients was slightly better than small incision cataract extracapsular extraction in correcting astigmatism,improving visual acuity,and regulating macular thickness.However,due to the high energy of ultrasonic emulsification,the risk of complications such as high postoperative intraocular pressure was higher.Small-incision extracapsular cataract extraction has better application value in economically disadvantaged areas.展开更多
Surface active ionic liquids (SAILs) are considered as prominent materials in enhanced oil recovery thanks to their high interfacial activity. This study reports the preparation and applications of a nanostructure Tri...Surface active ionic liquids (SAILs) are considered as prominent materials in enhanced oil recovery thanks to their high interfacial activity. This study reports the preparation and applications of a nanostructure Tripodal imidazolium SAIL as an environmentally-friendly substitute to the conventional surfactants. The product has a star-like molecular structure centered by a triazine spacer, namely [(C_(4)im)_(3)TA][Cl_(3)], prepared by a one-step synthesis method and characterized with FT-IR, NMR, XRD, and SEM analysis methods. The interfacial tension of the system was decreased to about 78% at critical micelle concentration of less than 0.08 mol·dm^(−3). Increasing temperature, from 298.2 to 323.2 K, improved this capability. The solid surface wettability was changed from oil-wet to water-wet and 80% and 77% stable emulsions of crude oil–aqueous solutions were created after one day and one week, respectively. Compared to the Gemini kind homologous SAILs, the superior effects of the Tripodal SAIL were revealed and attributed to the strong hydrophobic branches in the molecule. The Frumkin adsorption isotherm precisely reproduced the generated IFT data, and accordingly, the adsorption and thermodynamic parameters were determined.展开更多
The aim of this study is to report and analyze the factors related with earlier occurrence of silicone oil(SO) emulsification in patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SO injection in our hospital. We retrospect...The aim of this study is to report and analyze the factors related with earlier occurrence of silicone oil(SO) emulsification in patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SO injection in our hospital. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive case series undergone both SO injection and removal in our hospital, and 182 ones were eligible. Possible related independent factors included: macula status(on/off), concomitant phacoemulsification with the surgery of SO tamponading, concomitant status of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, combined surgery of retinotomy, time to have emulsification(<6 mo/≥6 mo after primary SO injection), route of SO injection(anterior/posterior), lens status(aphakic/pseudophakic/phakic), anesthesia(local/general), brands and type of SO, with/without episcleral cryotherapy, with/without hypertension, with/without diabetes, with/without intraoperative use of triamcinolone acetonide. The study revealed that brand and type of SO was the significant factor related with earlier emulsification of SO. Further study was warranted to find out the underlying causes.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the rates of emulsification in silicone oil(SO)tamponades of differing viscosities used during pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in the treatment of complicated vitreoretinal diseases.METHODS:This study was...AIM:To investigate the rates of emulsification in silicone oil(SO)tamponades of differing viscosities used during pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in the treatment of complicated vitreoretinal diseases.METHODS:This study was a prospective randomized clinical trial.Totally 290 cases with greater likelihoods of secondary detachment were included and randomly grouped into either Siluron 2000(n=143)or Siluron 5000(n=147)SO tamponades with 23-gauge PPV.Patient followups and data analyses were conducted 1,3,6,and 12 mo post-surgery.RESULTS:The time of the SO emulsification ranged from 1 to 17 mo,with a mean of 7.3±4.2 mo.The Siluron 5000 group showed a slower emulsification rate in comparison to the Siluron 2000 group.The Siluron 2000 group took a shorter time to show signs of emulsification,necessitating earlier SO removal.However,there were no significant differences in the occurrence of complications,including secondary retinal detachment,cataract,corneal abnormality,high intraocular pressure and hypotony.CONCLUSION:The Siluron 2000 SO tamponade shows a faster rate of emulsification than the Siluron 5000 SO,necessitating earlier removal.Both groups show similar results in terms of anatomical success and visual acuity outcome,and there is no significant difference between the SOs regarding the occurrence of complications.展开更多
This research studied the initiator efficiency for producing polymeric particles of poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) copolymers by a Shirasu porous glass membrane (SPG) emulsification technique followed by suspensi...This research studied the initiator efficiency for producing polymeric particles of poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) copolymers by a Shirasu porous glass membrane (SPG) emulsification technique followed by suspensioncopolymerization. BPO, ADVN, and AIBN were used as initiators and we found that BPO is the most suitable initiator.Copolymers for various feed ratios of styrene/methyl methacrylate were thus synthesized by benzoyl peroxide, and theircopolymer particle size, molecular weight distribution and particle size distribution were characterized. Then n-BMA or 2-EHMA was added as the third monomer to decrease the terpolymer glass transition temperature. This article describes thepreparation technique, recipes and polymerization conditions for producing both copolymer and terpolymer panicles, particlesize changes, the corresponding particle morphologies and glass transition temperatures.展开更多
The phase inversion emulsification technique (PIET) is an effective physical method for preparing waterbornedispersions of polymer resins. Some results concerning the preparation of bisphenol A epoxy resin waterborne ...The phase inversion emulsification technique (PIET) is an effective physical method for preparing waterbornedispersions of polymer resins. Some results concerning the preparation of bisphenol A epoxy resin waterborne dispersions byPIET in our laboratory were summarized. Electrical properties, rheological behavior and morphological evolution duringphase inversion progress were systematically characterized. The effects of the emulsifier concentration and emulsificationtemperature on phase inversion progress and the structural features of the waterborne particles were studied as well. Thedeformation and break up of water drops in a shear field were analyzed in terms of micro-rheology, while the interaction andcoalescence dynamics of water drops were discussed in terms of DLVO theory and Smoluchowski effective collision theory,respectively. Based on the experimental results and theoretical analysis, a physical model of phase inversion progress wassuggested, by which the effects of the parameters on phase inversion progress and the structural features of the waterborneparticles were interpreted and predicted.展开更多
Reducing the oil-water interfacial tension(IFT)to ultra-low is believed the primary mechanism for surfactant-based enhanced oil recovery(EOR)process.However,field trials have shown that low concentration surfactant fl...Reducing the oil-water interfacial tension(IFT)to ultra-low is believed the primary mechanism for surfactant-based enhanced oil recovery(EOR)process.However,field trials have shown that low concentration surfactant flooding can also improve oil recovery without ultra-low IFT.To clarify the mechanism behind,the currently-used surfactant,naphthenic arylsulfonate(NAS),was used to unravel its function during surfactant flooding from the horizon of micron-and nano-scale.The solubilization capacity of NAS micelle to petroleum fractions was evaluated through light absorbance strategy,smallangle neutron scattering,dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy.It was found that micellar solubilization plays a significant role during the surfactant flooding.In-situ emulsification was visualized in microfluidics with three types of microchips,respectively.A series of displacement tests were carried out with NAS solution pumping into oil-saturated chip.The results show that in-situ emulsification improve oil recovery mainly through blocking and entrainment effects.Results from this work aid in understanding the interaction between surfactant solution and petroleum fractions at low surfactant concentration,which is helpful for design surfactant-based displacing system for EOR process.展开更多
The emulsification of crude oil is caused by the oil flowing into the water,resulting in the increase of oil film tension,viscosity,water content,and volume,which brings great harm to the marine ecological environment...The emulsification of crude oil is caused by the oil flowing into the water,resulting in the increase of oil film tension,viscosity,water content,and volume,which brings great harm to the marine ecological environment and difficulties for the cleanup of marine emergency equipment.The realization observation of emulsification crude oil will increase the response speed of marine emergency response.Therefore,we set up crude oil emulsification samples to study the physical property in laboratory and conducted radar measurements at different incidence angles in outdoor.The radar is C band in resolution of 0.7 m by 0.7 m.A fully polarimetric scatterometer(HH,VV,and VH/HV)is mounted at 1.66 m(minimum altitude)height at an incidence angle between 35°and 60°.An asphalt content of less than 3%crude oil and the filtered seawater were used to the outdoor emulsification scattering experiment.The measurement results are as follows.The water content can be used to describe the process of emulsification and it is easy to measure.Wind speed,asphalt content,seawater temperature,and photo-oxidation affect the emulsifying process of crude oil,and affects the normalized radar cross section(NRCS)of oil film but wind is not the dominant factor.It is the first time to find that the emulsification of crude oil results in an increase of NRCS.展开更多
Microcapsules (or microspheres) with small size and narrow size distribution have potential applications as carriers of proteins and polypeptides. However the conventional preparation methods severely limit their real...Microcapsules (or microspheres) with small size and narrow size distribution have potential applications as carriers of proteins and polypeptides. However the conventional preparation methods severely limit their real applications. Membrane emulsification technology may become a new preparation method of microcapsules with monodisperse droplets, mild conditions, good stability, low energy consumption and easy to realize mass production. In this paper, studies on membrane emulsification systems and the possible existing problems are summarized, and primary attempts on preparing alginate/chitosan microcapsules are conducted.展开更多
An effective and environmentally friendly method based on ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction(IL-USAEME) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for the d...An effective and environmentally friendly method based on ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction(IL-USAEME) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for the determination of nine hormones including three glucocorticoids, one androgen and five progestogens in cosmetics. Several factors that affect the extraction efficiency, such as the kinds and volume of ionic liquid, salt concentration, ultrasonic power and time, and centrifugation time were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum extraction condition, the recoveries of analytes ranged from 85.97% to 108.84% except prednisolone (62.30%). The intraday and interday precision was below 2.51% and 3.30%, respectively.展开更多
Purpose: To compare in vivo emulsification of silicone oil 1000 and 5000 centistokes (cs) after retinal detachment surgery. Design: Comparative non-interventional Retrospective study. Methods: Silicone oils from patie...Purpose: To compare in vivo emulsification of silicone oil 1000 and 5000 centistokes (cs) after retinal detachment surgery. Design: Comparative non-interventional Retrospective study. Methods: Silicone oils from patients who underwent retinal detachment surgery were investigated using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis. Spectroscopically changes determine emulsification with the time of tamponade, inflammation, patients age and severity of retinal detachment. Results: We found significant difference on absorbance (p = 0.004) between used 1000 Centi stoke (cs) silicon oil (average wave length 2.51 nm;SD: 1.575 nm) and used 5000 cs silicon oil (average wave length 0.910 nm;SD: 0.564 nm). Conclusions: In vivo emulsification was higher in silicone oil 1000 compared to 5000 cs silicone oil after vitreoretinal tamponade 8 - 12 weeks due to retinal detachment surgery. Emulsification related to higher absorbance and lower transmittance in 1000 cs silicone oil. Inflammation may become a factor affecting this condition.展开更多
In this study,oil spill experiments were performed in a water tank to determine changes in the surface scattering characteristics during the emulsification of oil spills.A C-band fully-polarimetric microwave scatterom...In this study,oil spill experiments were performed in a water tank to determine changes in the surface scattering characteristics during the emulsification of oil spills.A C-band fully-polarimetric microwave scatterometer and a vector network analyzer were used to observe films of the following oils:crude oil with an asphalt content below3%that is prone to emulsification(type A),fresh crude oil extracted from an oilfield(type B),and industrial crude oil that was dehydrated and purified(type C).The difference in the backscatter results between the emulsified oil film and the calm water surface under C-band microwaves and the influence of the emulsification of the oil film on the backscatter were analyzed in detail.The results demonstrate that under a low-wind and no-waves condition(the maximum wave height was below than 3 mm),the emulsification of crude oil could modulated the backscatter through changes in the surface roughness and the dielectric constant,where the surface roughness had the dominant effect.The surface backscatters of the type B oil were greater than that of the type C oil in both the emulsified and non-emulsified states.In the non-emulsified state,the average differences in the backscatter between the type B and C oils were 2.19 dB,2.63 dB,and 2.21 dB for the polarization modes of VV,HH,and HV/VH,respectively.Smaller corresponding average differences of 0.98 dB,1.49 dB,and 1.5 dB were found for the emulsified state with a 20%moisture constant for the oil film.The results demonstrated that the surface roughness of the different oil films could vary due to the differences in the oil compositions and the oil film properties,which in turn affect the backscatter of the oil film surface.展开更多
In the present work, a ultrasound-assisted emulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method has been developed as a sample preparation method prior to ...In the present work, a ultrasound-assisted emulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method has been developed as a sample preparation method prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination of trace amounts of gold in the standard, wastewater and river water samples. In the proposed method, 1-dodecanol and 5-(4-dimethylamino-benzylidene) were used as extraction solvent and chelating agent, respectively. Several factors that may be affected on the ex-traction process, such as type and volume of the extraction solvent, ionic strength, pH of the aqueous solu-tion, extraction temperature and extraction time were studied and optimized. Under the best experimental conditions, the calibration curve exhibited linearity over the range of 8.0 ng●mL-1- 3.0 μg●mL-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9978 and detection limit based on three times the standard deviation of the blank signal was 1.5 ng●mL-1. Eight replicate determinations of 0.2 and 1.0 μg●mL-1 of gold gave a mean absorbance of 0.051 and 0.253 with relative standard deviations of ±2.3% and ±1.5%, respectively. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of gold ions in a silica ore, wastewater, river water and standard samples and satisfactory results were obtained.展开更多
The separation of phases after the stability composition at a plait point is exceeded has significant effect on the reactions during spontaneous emulsification, but experimental efforts to obtain accurate information ...The separation of phases after the stability composition at a plait point is exceeded has significant effect on the reactions during spontaneous emulsification, but experimental efforts to obtain accurate information are extremely difficult, because even the smallest scattering of the numbers has a large effect on the result. In the present contribution a model system was applied that closely mirrored experimental values and the mass ratio of the two phases could be calculated with high accuracy. Extrapolation of the ratio between phase masses towards the critical composition showed the two phase masses each close to 0.5, while a composition with a miniscule difference from this composition extrapolated to 1.0. The results showed spontaneous emulsification between solutions at the plait point and water to consist of two processes;an initial extremely fast reaction and a slower process between the aqueous phase formed in the primary emulsification and water.展开更多
In the accompanying paper (Part 1), we showed that the fatty acid moiety and the acidity of the polysaccharide-backbone of a fatty acid-containing polysaccharide might be involved in its emul-sification, moisture abso...In the accompanying paper (Part 1), we showed that the fatty acid moiety and the acidity of the polysaccharide-backbone of a fatty acid-containing polysaccharide might be involved in its emul-sification, moisture absorption, and moisture retention abilities. In this study, we synthesized alkyl esterified poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) with various chain lengths and degrees of substitution of the alkyl moieties to examine how hydrophobic groups incorporated in the anionic polymer contribute to enhanced emulsification, moisture absorption, and moisture retention. With a low degree of alkylation of PGA, these abilities were drastically improved. To improve the moisture absorption of PGA, alkylation with a short chain length is effective in forming interspaces between PGA chains to trap water molecules. Hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance may also be important to improve the emulsification and moisture retention abilities of PGA alkylates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the relationship between the structure and the multifunctional abilities of an anionic polymer incorporated with a small amount of hydrophobic residue. PGA alkylates, as well as fatty acid-containing polysaccharides, have potential use as multifunctional surfactants throughout various industries.展开更多
Improved controllability and energy density of ignition agents are of great significance for the devel-opment of energetic composite materials.In this study,droplet microfluidics and emulsification tech-niques were co...Improved controllability and energy density of ignition agents are of great significance for the devel-opment of energetic composite materials.In this study,droplet microfluidics and emulsification tech-niques were combined to prepare HNS/CL-20 composite microspheres with polyglycidyl azide polymer(GAP)as the binder.The influence of binder content on the morphology of microspheres was investi-gated,and the microspheres were characterized and tested for particle size,crystal structure,thermal decomposition,dispersibility,mechanical sensitivity,combustion behavior and detonation performance.The results showed that microspheres prepared with a binder content of 3%had higher sphericity and particle size uniformity.The microspheres retained the crystal structure of both HNS and CL-20(ε-type).Compared with raw HNS,the microspheres had higher apparent activation energy,better safety per-formance,and good dispersibility.The ignition experiments and detonation performance tests show that HNS/CL-20 composite microspheres have excellent ignition performance,obvious combustion flame,and significant energy release effects,which are expected to achieve high energy and high-speed response of the igniter,thus improving the ignition reliability in special environments or systems.展开更多
The relationship between dialkylphosphinic acid structure and their loading capacity for HREEs and emulsification phenomena has rarely been studied.In this paper,we took Lu extraction as an example to study the effect...The relationship between dialkylphosphinic acid structure and their loading capacity for HREEs and emulsification phenomena has rarely been studied.In this paper,we took Lu extraction as an example to study the effect of β,γ,δ-substituents of dialkylphosphinic acids on their loading capacity and anti-emulsification performance for HREEs.To discuss conveniently,the dialkylphosphinic acids were classified into two groups:β-substituent group(P208,INET-1,P218,USTB-1 and P227)and γ,δ-substituent group(P218,P2132 and Cyanex 272).For β-substituent group extractants,their loading capacities are in the order P208(299.7 mg/L)≈INET-1(299.5 mg/L)>P218(270.8 mg/L)>>USTB-1(163.1 mg/L)>P227(151.4 mg/L),while their anti-emulsification/gelation performances are just in the opposite order P227>USTB-1>P218>P208≈INET-1 under the studied conditions.For γ,δ-substituent group extractants,their loading capacities are in the order P218(270.8 mg/L)>P2132(192.3 mg/L)>Cyanex272(131.7 mg/L),while the anti-emulsification performance of P218 is better than those of P2132 and Cyanex 272.The loading capacity data given in the parentheses are obtained through repeatedly extracting Lu from ~4×10^(-4)mol/L of Lu aqueous feed solution with initial pH of 2.40 by 0.01 mol/L extractant at phase ratio A/O of 1:1.展开更多
In order to improve the dispersibility and loading efficiency of 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrostilbene(HNS),HNS microspheres were prepared by rapid membrane emulsification method with nitrocellulose(NC)as binde...In order to improve the dispersibility and loading efficiency of 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrostilbene(HNS),HNS microspheres were prepared by rapid membrane emulsification method with nitrocellulose(NC)as binder.The effects of NC solution concentration,stirring speed and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)solution concentration on microspheres were investigated.It was characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),differential thermal analysis(DTA)and angle of repose analyzer.The results show that the HNS microspheres prepared with 5 wt%NC solution concentration,stirring speed of 100 rpm and 2 wt%PVA solution concentration have better regular morphology,higher sphericity,unchanged crystalline shape,increased activation energy and significantly improved dispersibility compared with the refined HNS.Rapid membrane emulsification has a series of advantages such as green,low cost and easy scale up,which provides a better way to prepare microspheres of energy materials.展开更多
Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins can enhance their emulsifying properties and antioxidant activities.However,the problem related to the hydrolysis of proteins was the generation of the bitter taste.Recently,high hydro...Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins can enhance their emulsifying properties and antioxidant activities.However,the problem related to the hydrolysis of proteins was the generation of the bitter taste.Recently,high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)treatment has attracted much interest and has been used in several studies on protein modification.Hence,the study aimed to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis by Corolase PP under different pressure treatments(0.1,100,200,and 300 MPa for 1-5 h at 50℃)on the emulsifying property,antioxidant activity,and bitterness of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate(SPIH).As observed,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had the highest emulsifying activity index(47.49 m^(2)/g)and emulsifying stability index(92.98%),and it had higher antioxidant activities(44.77%DPPH free radical scavenging activity,31.12%superoxide anion radical scavenging activity,and 61.50%copper ion chelating activity).At the same time,the enhancement of emulsion stability was related to the increase of zeta potential and the decrease of mean particle size.In addition,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had a lower bitterness value and showed better palatability.This study has a broad application prospect in developing food ingredients and healthy foods.展开更多
A scalable and versatile strategy was developed for the fabrication of uniform polymeric microspheres with controllable interconnected porous structures. Uniform water-in-oil-in-water emulsions with linear poly(methyl...A scalable and versatile strategy was developed for the fabrication of uniform polymeric microspheres with controllable interconnected porous structures. Uniform water-in-oil-in-water emulsions with linear poly(methyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate) in the oil phase were generated by two-step premix membrane emulsification and used for constructing the microspheres. During the emulsion solidification process, internal water droplets were packed densely together, forming a thin oil film between the internal and external water phases. After solvent diffusion, the thin film can be ruptured and pores can be templated from the internal water droplets to form interconnected porous structures. Membranes with various pore sizes were obtained. The osmotic pressure and Laplace pressure balance were used to control the porosity and pore size precisely. The proposed method enables the fabrication of functional polymeric microspheres with uniform and controllable porous structures and particle sizes. This improves their performance and broadens the scope of their applications, especially in chromatographic separation.展开更多
文摘Objective:To analyze the efficacy of ultrasonic emulsification and small incision cataract extracapsular extraction in cataract patients.Methods:96 cataract patients admitted from May 2021 to May 2023 were selected and randomly grouped into group A(ultrasonic emulsification)and group B(small-incision extracapsular cataract extraction),with 48 cases each.Results:At 1 week,1-month,and 3 months post-operation,the visual acuity of group A was higher and the astigmatism value was lower than that of group B(P<0.05);at 12h,24h,and 48h post-operation,the intraocular pressure of group A was higher than that of group B(P<0.05);the thickness of macular area of group A was lower than that of group B at 1 week and 1-month post-operation(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ultrasonic emulsification in cataract patients was slightly better than small incision cataract extracapsular extraction in correcting astigmatism,improving visual acuity,and regulating macular thickness.However,due to the high energy of ultrasonic emulsification,the risk of complications such as high postoperative intraocular pressure was higher.Small-incision extracapsular cataract extraction has better application value in economically disadvantaged areas.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the Bu Ali Sina University and the Iran National Science Foundation:INSF,under Grant number of 99031559,for their financial supports.
文摘Surface active ionic liquids (SAILs) are considered as prominent materials in enhanced oil recovery thanks to their high interfacial activity. This study reports the preparation and applications of a nanostructure Tripodal imidazolium SAIL as an environmentally-friendly substitute to the conventional surfactants. The product has a star-like molecular structure centered by a triazine spacer, namely [(C_(4)im)_(3)TA][Cl_(3)], prepared by a one-step synthesis method and characterized with FT-IR, NMR, XRD, and SEM analysis methods. The interfacial tension of the system was decreased to about 78% at critical micelle concentration of less than 0.08 mol·dm^(−3). Increasing temperature, from 298.2 to 323.2 K, improved this capability. The solid surface wettability was changed from oil-wet to water-wet and 80% and 77% stable emulsions of crude oil–aqueous solutions were created after one day and one week, respectively. Compared to the Gemini kind homologous SAILs, the superior effects of the Tripodal SAIL were revealed and attributed to the strong hydrophobic branches in the molecule. The Frumkin adsorption isotherm precisely reproduced the generated IFT data, and accordingly, the adsorption and thermodynamic parameters were determined.
文摘The aim of this study is to report and analyze the factors related with earlier occurrence of silicone oil(SO) emulsification in patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SO injection in our hospital. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive case series undergone both SO injection and removal in our hospital, and 182 ones were eligible. Possible related independent factors included: macula status(on/off), concomitant phacoemulsification with the surgery of SO tamponading, concomitant status of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, combined surgery of retinotomy, time to have emulsification(<6 mo/≥6 mo after primary SO injection), route of SO injection(anterior/posterior), lens status(aphakic/pseudophakic/phakic), anesthesia(local/general), brands and type of SO, with/without episcleral cryotherapy, with/without hypertension, with/without diabetes, with/without intraoperative use of triamcinolone acetonide. The study revealed that brand and type of SO was the significant factor related with earlier emulsification of SO. Further study was warranted to find out the underlying causes.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(No.2018A030310232,18zxxt72).
文摘AIM:To investigate the rates of emulsification in silicone oil(SO)tamponades of differing viscosities used during pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in the treatment of complicated vitreoretinal diseases.METHODS:This study was a prospective randomized clinical trial.Totally 290 cases with greater likelihoods of secondary detachment were included and randomly grouped into either Siluron 2000(n=143)or Siluron 5000(n=147)SO tamponades with 23-gauge PPV.Patient followups and data analyses were conducted 1,3,6,and 12 mo post-surgery.RESULTS:The time of the SO emulsification ranged from 1 to 17 mo,with a mean of 7.3±4.2 mo.The Siluron 5000 group showed a slower emulsification rate in comparison to the Siluron 2000 group.The Siluron 2000 group took a shorter time to show signs of emulsification,necessitating earlier SO removal.However,there were no significant differences in the occurrence of complications,including secondary retinal detachment,cataract,corneal abnormality,high intraocular pressure and hypotony.CONCLUSION:The Siluron 2000 SO tamponade shows a faster rate of emulsification than the Siluron 5000 SO,necessitating earlier removal.Both groups show similar results in terms of anatomical success and visual acuity outcome,and there is no significant difference between the SOs regarding the occurrence of complications.
文摘This research studied the initiator efficiency for producing polymeric particles of poly(styrene-co-methylmethacrylate) copolymers by a Shirasu porous glass membrane (SPG) emulsification technique followed by suspensioncopolymerization. BPO, ADVN, and AIBN were used as initiators and we found that BPO is the most suitable initiator.Copolymers for various feed ratios of styrene/methyl methacrylate were thus synthesized by benzoyl peroxide, and theircopolymer particle size, molecular weight distribution and particle size distribution were characterized. Then n-BMA or 2-EHMA was added as the third monomer to decrease the terpolymer glass transition temperature. This article describes thepreparation technique, recipes and polymerization conditions for producing both copolymer and terpolymer panicles, particlesize changes, the corresponding particle morphologies and glass transition temperatures.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Project for Fundamental Research, "Macromolecular Condensed State" of Ministry of Science and Technology of China and National Natural Science Foundation of China 29774038.
文摘The phase inversion emulsification technique (PIET) is an effective physical method for preparing waterbornedispersions of polymer resins. Some results concerning the preparation of bisphenol A epoxy resin waterborne dispersions byPIET in our laboratory were summarized. Electrical properties, rheological behavior and morphological evolution duringphase inversion progress were systematically characterized. The effects of the emulsifier concentration and emulsificationtemperature on phase inversion progress and the structural features of the waterborne particles were studied as well. Thedeformation and break up of water drops in a shear field were analyzed in terms of micro-rheology, while the interaction andcoalescence dynamics of water drops were discussed in terms of DLVO theory and Smoluchowski effective collision theory,respectively. Based on the experimental results and theoretical analysis, a physical model of phase inversion progress wassuggested, by which the effects of the parameters on phase inversion progress and the structural features of the waterborneparticles were interpreted and predicted.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China for its financial support(grant number:U1762218)
文摘Reducing the oil-water interfacial tension(IFT)to ultra-low is believed the primary mechanism for surfactant-based enhanced oil recovery(EOR)process.However,field trials have shown that low concentration surfactant flooding can also improve oil recovery without ultra-low IFT.To clarify the mechanism behind,the currently-used surfactant,naphthenic arylsulfonate(NAS),was used to unravel its function during surfactant flooding from the horizon of micron-and nano-scale.The solubilization capacity of NAS micelle to petroleum fractions was evaluated through light absorbance strategy,smallangle neutron scattering,dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy.It was found that micellar solubilization plays a significant role during the surfactant flooding.In-situ emulsification was visualized in microfluidics with three types of microchips,respectively.A series of displacement tests were carried out with NAS solution pumping into oil-saturated chip.The results show that in-situ emulsification improve oil recovery mainly through blocking and entrainment effects.Results from this work aid in understanding the interaction between surfactant solution and petroleum fractions at low surfactant concentration,which is helpful for design surfactant-based displacing system for EOR process.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41576032)the Major Program for the International Cooperation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.133337KYSB20160002)partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41576170,61371189)
文摘The emulsification of crude oil is caused by the oil flowing into the water,resulting in the increase of oil film tension,viscosity,water content,and volume,which brings great harm to the marine ecological environment and difficulties for the cleanup of marine emergency equipment.The realization observation of emulsification crude oil will increase the response speed of marine emergency response.Therefore,we set up crude oil emulsification samples to study the physical property in laboratory and conducted radar measurements at different incidence angles in outdoor.The radar is C band in resolution of 0.7 m by 0.7 m.A fully polarimetric scatterometer(HH,VV,and VH/HV)is mounted at 1.66 m(minimum altitude)height at an incidence angle between 35°and 60°.An asphalt content of less than 3%crude oil and the filtered seawater were used to the outdoor emulsification scattering experiment.The measurement results are as follows.The water content can be used to describe the process of emulsification and it is easy to measure.Wind speed,asphalt content,seawater temperature,and photo-oxidation affect the emulsifying process of crude oil,and affects the normalized radar cross section(NRCS)of oil film but wind is not the dominant factor.It is the first time to find that the emulsification of crude oil results in an increase of NRCS.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.29906011)
文摘Microcapsules (or microspheres) with small size and narrow size distribution have potential applications as carriers of proteins and polypeptides. However the conventional preparation methods severely limit their real applications. Membrane emulsification technology may become a new preparation method of microcapsules with monodisperse droplets, mild conditions, good stability, low energy consumption and easy to realize mass production. In this paper, studies on membrane emulsification systems and the possible existing problems are summarized, and primary attempts on preparing alginate/chitosan microcapsules are conducted.
文摘An effective and environmentally friendly method based on ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction(IL-USAEME) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for the determination of nine hormones including three glucocorticoids, one androgen and five progestogens in cosmetics. Several factors that affect the extraction efficiency, such as the kinds and volume of ionic liquid, salt concentration, ultrasonic power and time, and centrifugation time were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum extraction condition, the recoveries of analytes ranged from 85.97% to 108.84% except prednisolone (62.30%). The intraday and interday precision was below 2.51% and 3.30%, respectively.
文摘Purpose: To compare in vivo emulsification of silicone oil 1000 and 5000 centistokes (cs) after retinal detachment surgery. Design: Comparative non-interventional Retrospective study. Methods: Silicone oils from patients who underwent retinal detachment surgery were investigated using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis. Spectroscopically changes determine emulsification with the time of tamponade, inflammation, patients age and severity of retinal detachment. Results: We found significant difference on absorbance (p = 0.004) between used 1000 Centi stoke (cs) silicon oil (average wave length 2.51 nm;SD: 1.575 nm) and used 5000 cs silicon oil (average wave length 0.910 nm;SD: 0.564 nm). Conclusions: In vivo emulsification was higher in silicone oil 1000 compared to 5000 cs silicone oil after vitreoretinal tamponade 8 - 12 weeks due to retinal detachment surgery. Emulsification related to higher absorbance and lower transmittance in 1000 cs silicone oil. Inflammation may become a factor affecting this condition.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2016YFC1401000The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41576032 and 41706208。
文摘In this study,oil spill experiments were performed in a water tank to determine changes in the surface scattering characteristics during the emulsification of oil spills.A C-band fully-polarimetric microwave scatterometer and a vector network analyzer were used to observe films of the following oils:crude oil with an asphalt content below3%that is prone to emulsification(type A),fresh crude oil extracted from an oilfield(type B),and industrial crude oil that was dehydrated and purified(type C).The difference in the backscatter results between the emulsified oil film and the calm water surface under C-band microwaves and the influence of the emulsification of the oil film on the backscatter were analyzed in detail.The results demonstrate that under a low-wind and no-waves condition(the maximum wave height was below than 3 mm),the emulsification of crude oil could modulated the backscatter through changes in the surface roughness and the dielectric constant,where the surface roughness had the dominant effect.The surface backscatters of the type B oil were greater than that of the type C oil in both the emulsified and non-emulsified states.In the non-emulsified state,the average differences in the backscatter between the type B and C oils were 2.19 dB,2.63 dB,and 2.21 dB for the polarization modes of VV,HH,and HV/VH,respectively.Smaller corresponding average differences of 0.98 dB,1.49 dB,and 1.5 dB were found for the emulsified state with a 20%moisture constant for the oil film.The results demonstrated that the surface roughness of the different oil films could vary due to the differences in the oil compositions and the oil film properties,which in turn affect the backscatter of the oil film surface.
文摘In the present work, a ultrasound-assisted emulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method has been developed as a sample preparation method prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination of trace amounts of gold in the standard, wastewater and river water samples. In the proposed method, 1-dodecanol and 5-(4-dimethylamino-benzylidene) were used as extraction solvent and chelating agent, respectively. Several factors that may be affected on the ex-traction process, such as type and volume of the extraction solvent, ionic strength, pH of the aqueous solu-tion, extraction temperature and extraction time were studied and optimized. Under the best experimental conditions, the calibration curve exhibited linearity over the range of 8.0 ng●mL-1- 3.0 μg●mL-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9978 and detection limit based on three times the standard deviation of the blank signal was 1.5 ng●mL-1. Eight replicate determinations of 0.2 and 1.0 μg●mL-1 of gold gave a mean absorbance of 0.051 and 0.253 with relative standard deviations of ±2.3% and ±1.5%, respectively. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of gold ions in a silica ore, wastewater, river water and standard samples and satisfactory results were obtained.
文摘The separation of phases after the stability composition at a plait point is exceeded has significant effect on the reactions during spontaneous emulsification, but experimental efforts to obtain accurate information are extremely difficult, because even the smallest scattering of the numbers has a large effect on the result. In the present contribution a model system was applied that closely mirrored experimental values and the mass ratio of the two phases could be calculated with high accuracy. Extrapolation of the ratio between phase masses towards the critical composition showed the two phase masses each close to 0.5, while a composition with a miniscule difference from this composition extrapolated to 1.0. The results showed spontaneous emulsification between solutions at the plait point and water to consist of two processes;an initial extremely fast reaction and a slower process between the aqueous phase formed in the primary emulsification and water.
文摘In the accompanying paper (Part 1), we showed that the fatty acid moiety and the acidity of the polysaccharide-backbone of a fatty acid-containing polysaccharide might be involved in its emul-sification, moisture absorption, and moisture retention abilities. In this study, we synthesized alkyl esterified poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA) with various chain lengths and degrees of substitution of the alkyl moieties to examine how hydrophobic groups incorporated in the anionic polymer contribute to enhanced emulsification, moisture absorption, and moisture retention. With a low degree of alkylation of PGA, these abilities were drastically improved. To improve the moisture absorption of PGA, alkylation with a short chain length is effective in forming interspaces between PGA chains to trap water molecules. Hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance may also be important to improve the emulsification and moisture retention abilities of PGA alkylates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the relationship between the structure and the multifunctional abilities of an anionic polymer incorporated with a small amount of hydrophobic residue. PGA alkylates, as well as fatty acid-containing polysaccharides, have potential use as multifunctional surfactants throughout various industries.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.22005275).
文摘Improved controllability and energy density of ignition agents are of great significance for the devel-opment of energetic composite materials.In this study,droplet microfluidics and emulsification tech-niques were combined to prepare HNS/CL-20 composite microspheres with polyglycidyl azide polymer(GAP)as the binder.The influence of binder content on the morphology of microspheres was investi-gated,and the microspheres were characterized and tested for particle size,crystal structure,thermal decomposition,dispersibility,mechanical sensitivity,combustion behavior and detonation performance.The results showed that microspheres prepared with a binder content of 3%had higher sphericity and particle size uniformity.The microspheres retained the crystal structure of both HNS and CL-20(ε-type).Compared with raw HNS,the microspheres had higher apparent activation energy,better safety per-formance,and good dispersibility.The ignition experiments and detonation performance tests show that HNS/CL-20 composite microspheres have excellent ignition performance,obvious combustion flame,and significant energy release effects,which are expected to achieve high energy and high-speed response of the igniter,thus improving the ignition reliability in special environments or systems.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51974026,21301104)the State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization。
文摘The relationship between dialkylphosphinic acid structure and their loading capacity for HREEs and emulsification phenomena has rarely been studied.In this paper,we took Lu extraction as an example to study the effect of β,γ,δ-substituents of dialkylphosphinic acids on their loading capacity and anti-emulsification performance for HREEs.To discuss conveniently,the dialkylphosphinic acids were classified into two groups:β-substituent group(P208,INET-1,P218,USTB-1 and P227)and γ,δ-substituent group(P218,P2132 and Cyanex 272).For β-substituent group extractants,their loading capacities are in the order P208(299.7 mg/L)≈INET-1(299.5 mg/L)>P218(270.8 mg/L)>>USTB-1(163.1 mg/L)>P227(151.4 mg/L),while their anti-emulsification/gelation performances are just in the opposite order P227>USTB-1>P218>P208≈INET-1 under the studied conditions.For γ,δ-substituent group extractants,their loading capacities are in the order P218(270.8 mg/L)>P2132(192.3 mg/L)>Cyanex272(131.7 mg/L),while the anti-emulsification performance of P218 is better than those of P2132 and Cyanex 272.The loading capacity data given in the parentheses are obtained through repeatedly extracting Lu from ~4×10^(-4)mol/L of Lu aqueous feed solution with initial pH of 2.40 by 0.01 mol/L extractant at phase ratio A/O of 1:1.
文摘In order to improve the dispersibility and loading efficiency of 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrostilbene(HNS),HNS microspheres were prepared by rapid membrane emulsification method with nitrocellulose(NC)as binder.The effects of NC solution concentration,stirring speed and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)solution concentration on microspheres were investigated.It was characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),differential thermal analysis(DTA)and angle of repose analyzer.The results show that the HNS microspheres prepared with 5 wt%NC solution concentration,stirring speed of 100 rpm and 2 wt%PVA solution concentration have better regular morphology,higher sphericity,unchanged crystalline shape,increased activation energy and significantly improved dispersibility compared with the refined HNS.Rapid membrane emulsification has a series of advantages such as green,low cost and easy scale up,which provides a better way to prepare microspheres of energy materials.
基金supported by the Doctoral Research Foundation of Bohai University (05013/0520bs006)the Science and Technology Project of“Unveiling and Commanding”Liaoning Province (2021JH1/10400033)the Scientific Research Project from Education Department of Liaoning Province (LJ2020010)。
文摘Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins can enhance their emulsifying properties and antioxidant activities.However,the problem related to the hydrolysis of proteins was the generation of the bitter taste.Recently,high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)treatment has attracted much interest and has been used in several studies on protein modification.Hence,the study aimed to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis by Corolase PP under different pressure treatments(0.1,100,200,and 300 MPa for 1-5 h at 50℃)on the emulsifying property,antioxidant activity,and bitterness of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate(SPIH).As observed,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had the highest emulsifying activity index(47.49 m^(2)/g)and emulsifying stability index(92.98%),and it had higher antioxidant activities(44.77%DPPH free radical scavenging activity,31.12%superoxide anion radical scavenging activity,and 61.50%copper ion chelating activity).At the same time,the enhancement of emulsion stability was related to the increase of zeta potential and the decrease of mean particle size.In addition,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had a lower bitterness value and showed better palatability.This study has a broad application prospect in developing food ingredients and healthy foods.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21336010 and 81772417)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA16021400).
文摘A scalable and versatile strategy was developed for the fabrication of uniform polymeric microspheres with controllable interconnected porous structures. Uniform water-in-oil-in-water emulsions with linear poly(methyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate) in the oil phase were generated by two-step premix membrane emulsification and used for constructing the microspheres. During the emulsion solidification process, internal water droplets were packed densely together, forming a thin oil film between the internal and external water phases. After solvent diffusion, the thin film can be ruptured and pores can be templated from the internal water droplets to form interconnected porous structures. Membranes with various pore sizes were obtained. The osmotic pressure and Laplace pressure balance were used to control the porosity and pore size precisely. The proposed method enables the fabrication of functional polymeric microspheres with uniform and controllable porous structures and particle sizes. This improves their performance and broadens the scope of their applications, especially in chromatographic separation.
