As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crud...As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.展开更多
A major roadblock in achieving substantial building energy reduction is the low performance of old buildings that account for a significant portion of the building energy consumption.Finding low-cost energy retrofit s...A major roadblock in achieving substantial building energy reduction is the low performance of old buildings that account for a significant portion of the building energy consumption.Finding low-cost energy retrofit solutions that do not disrupt occupants’daily life during the retrofitting is the key to successful building energy retrofit initiatives.In this paper,a novel and low-cost exterior wall retrofitting solution is introduced,and its performance in reducing space cooling load was quantitatively evaluated to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness.The primary goal of this paper is to provide a quantitative assessment of the cooling-energy savings potential by using the proposed new wall system.The intended retrofitting targets are the large amount of existing cavity-wall buildings located in hot climate regions.The quantification of the before-after heat-flux reduction was conducted through a 3-dimensional steady-state low turbulence computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model,which is validated by benchmarking its prediction against the published experimental case results.The outcomes of the investigation suggest that this simple low-cost solution has great potentials in reducing buildings’summer cooling load in hot climate regions.The applicability of this solution is not limited to retrofitting existing buildings.New energy-efficient building designs can also adopt this solution in their envelope systems.展开更多
Many U.S.utilities incentivize residential energy reduction through rebates,often in response to state mandates for energy reduction or from a desire to reduce demand to mitigate the need to grow generating assets.The...Many U.S.utilities incentivize residential energy reduction through rebates,often in response to state mandates for energy reduction or from a desire to reduce demand to mitigate the need to grow generating assets.The assumption built into incentive programs is that the least efficient residences will be more likely take advantage of the rebates.This,however,is not always the case.The main goal of this study was to determine the potential for prioritized incentivization,i.e.,prioritizing incentives that deliver the greatest energy savings per invest-ment through an entire community.It uses a data mining approach that leverages known building and energy characteristics for predicting energy consumption of houses that collectively can be considered representative of all residences within an entire community.From this model,it estimates natural gas consumption and savings,and corresponding implementation costs associated with the adoption of the most impactful energy reduction measures.The resulting savings and cost estimates allow us to develop a sequential energy reduction strategy whereby the most economic measures within the whole utility district are addressed.The results show that an energy reduction of 36%can be achieved at a levelized cost of less than$14 per mmBTU($14,780 per MJ),demonstrating the strong potential of this approach.A corresponding Economic Input–Output Analysis captures the cascading community economic impacts of this strategy.The results show that for the roughly 45,000 single-family residences in the studied region,an initial energy efficiency investment of$26M could result in a total cascading multiplier economic impact of$41M and additional economic impacts of$2.2M for the lifetime of the considered energy efficiency measures.展开更多
The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the 10 important strategies of envi...The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the 10 important strategies of environmental management in China. The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the important strategies of environmental management in China. Based on the systematic collection of 1,195 energy conservation emission reduction policies, we discuss the influence of individual measure and measure synergy of energy conservation and emission reduction policies respectively. The results show that the energy conservation and emission reduction policies have a significant effect on the overall promotion of industrial upgrading. The financial measures and guidance measures have a positive impact;the financial measures and guidance measures have significantly positive effect; however, the administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures do the opposite; the positive effect of the synergy of guidance measures and financial measures is greater than the negative effect of considering only the synergy of fiscal tax measures and other economic measures, and significantly greater than the negative effect of the synergy of administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures. We should strengthen and emphasize the use of the measure that has positive effect on industrial structure restructuring and upgrading individually and synergistically.展开更多
With the startup and execution of new socialistic countryside construction in Heilongjiang Province,the transition from castoff to resource is strengthened in the countryside,aiming at neat appearance of the countrysi...With the startup and execution of new socialistic countryside construction in Heilongjiang Province,the transition from castoff to resource is strengthened in the countryside,aiming at neat appearance of the countryside,clean production and saving energy.People produce biogas and provide the countryside with new energy by means of turning livestock's dejection into resources,composting of the plant and animal's leavings in the courtyard and even in the factory.It is helpful for the countryside to conserve the energy and reduce emission of the waste.And it also plays an important role in protecting the eco-environment,beautifying homestead and developing the ecological agriculture and so on.The liquid and solid residue in the biogas production can be reused as fertilizer for crops or food for animals after pretreatment,which is propitious to accelerate the development of the circular economy in Heilongjiang Province.展开更多
Electric submersible pumps account for a considerable proportion in the development of the Bohai Oilfield. Improving the system efficiency of the electric submersible pump wells, ensuring that the units operate in the...Electric submersible pumps account for a considerable proportion in the development of the Bohai Oilfield. Improving the system efficiency of the electric submersible pump wells, ensuring that the units operate in the high-efficiency zone, is essential. Analysis shows that the efficiency of the electric submersible pump system depends on the wear and tear of each component of the submersible pump equipment, the setting of operational parameters, and more importantly, the production status and daily management level of the oil well. Therefore, improving the structural performance of the submersible pump product, optimizing the parameters setting of the oil well, strengthening daily management, establishing a scientific management system, and improving the production management process and system can effectively improve the production efficiency and economic benefits of the oil well, and further achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction. In addition, it is necessary to actively promote the concept and technology of energy saving and emission reduction, encourage oilfield enterprises to explore effective measures to reduce the energy consumption of the electric submersible pump system by strengthening the scientific management system, and achieve a green, low-carbon, and high-quality development of oilfield production to achieve the unity of economic benefits, social benefits, and environmental benefits. This article applies the above measures in the P oilfield to achieve energy optimization of submersible electric pump systems, reducing the daily power consumption of single well submersible electric pump systems by 371 kWh per day, increasing the submersible electric pump's lifespan by 200 days, generating considerable project benefits.展开更多
2020 is the year of decisive stage for building a well-off society in an all-round way.On the winter vacation of 2020,we went to Huoshan County,Anhui Province,an old revolutionary area,and conducted a social survey fo...2020 is the year of decisive stage for building a well-off society in an all-round way.On the winter vacation of 2020,we went to Huoshan County,Anhui Province,an old revolutionary area,and conducted a social survey for nearly a month.Through interviews,on-site observations,and access to materials,we clearly found that the local party committee and government actively responded to the call of the state,practiced the"two mountains"theory,turned a poor and backward agricultural county into a national ecologically civilized and well-off county,and realized the coordinated progress of poverty alleviation and energy conservation and emission reduction.Starting from the government policies and rural facts of Huoshan County,a national ecological county,and using Porter’s"Diamond Model",our team used Huoshan County’s environmental advantages and disadvantages,economic prosperity and decline as comparison conditions,and analyzed external factors such as factor conditions,opportunities,related and supporting industries,government forces,etc.,to come up with pertinent recommendations for the development of agricultural county-level characteristic industries.展开更多
The current situation of the epidemic is complex and changeable.Under the China adherence to the“dynamic zero clearance,”epidemic prevention and control is closely related to all walks of life,and epidemic preventio...The current situation of the epidemic is complex and changeable.Under the China adherence to the“dynamic zero clearance,”epidemic prevention and control is closely related to all walks of life,and epidemic prevention awning has become one of the essential basic epidemic prevention facilities.However,most of the epidemic awnings are manufactured for the isolation and protection from wind and rain,which could not meet the needs of electricity allocation during emergencies.Therefore,our goal is to design a new energy-saving epidemic prevention tent that is green,stable,and easy to shrink.It is equipped with multiple energy storage and multivariate methods to achieve self-supply of electric energy.First the“1+1”arrangement design of solar power panels on the anti-epidemic tent and pressure power panels combined with the design of pressure power panels under the tent can receive various energy inputs.At the same time,retractable brackets are designed under the four pillars,which are easy to fold and enhance the stability of the canopy.The utilization of energy is more diversified to achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.Its market value is broad,and the development prospect is good.展开更多
With net zero carbon emissions targets approaching over the next 20 to 30 years, the water industry must act now to develop energy efficient techniques and designs to reduce emissions and reduce the carbon footprint o...With net zero carbon emissions targets approaching over the next 20 to 30 years, the water industry must act now to develop energy efficient techniques and designs to reduce emissions and reduce the carbon footprint of water utility providers. There is also the potential for significant energy and therefore financial savings to be realised from the adoption of more energy efficient designs approaches. Water utility providers account for a significant proportion of national electricity consumption. The purpose of this research is to determine if, over the long term, opting for a larger diameter pipe at design stage can lead to significant financial and emissions savings for water utility providers when considering pumping mains. Pumping mains are widely used throughout the water and wastewater industry where a gravity solution is not possible. 72 hypothetical water main design scenarios were analysed and the long term financial and environmental impact of each hypothetical water main was assessed. It was found across all design scenarios that larger diameter water mains were capable of delivering the same rate of flow of smaller diameter pipes at a much reduced velocity and requiring reduced pumping power. It was concluded that pumped mains of larger diameters can ultimately be more energy efficient and cost effective over the long term when selected in favour of smaller diameter pumped mains in otherwise identical design scenarios.展开更多
Effective short-term prediction of regional voltage load is of great significance to the implementation of energy saving and emission reduction policies in China.Accurate prediction of real-time demand voltage can red...Effective short-term prediction of regional voltage load is of great significance to the implementation of energy saving and emission reduction policies in China.Accurate prediction of real-time demand voltage can reduce power waste and carbon emissions,make outstanding contributions to delaying global climate warming,and is conducive to global environmental protection and sustainable development.On the short-term load forecasting of power system,a variant model of RNN-LSTM is tested in this paper.It effectively solves the problem of gradient explosion and disappearance caused by large amount of data input in classical RNN.On the basis of this model,optimization experiments are carried out under different super parameters to achieve better prediction results.The experimental results show that the accuracy of test set reaches 99.8%,which proves that the method proposed in this paper has certain reference value.展开更多
Land transport can no longer meet the requirements.European transport can be described by these words−crowded motorways and cities,dangerous emissions,ubiquitous traffic accidents,delays,expensive railways.Solutions a...Land transport can no longer meet the requirements.European transport can be described by these words−crowded motorways and cities,dangerous emissions,ubiquitous traffic accidents,delays,expensive railways.Solutions are being sought to transfer a large part of passengers and especially freight transport to(high-speed)rail,and efforts are moving towards electromobility,car-sharing,5G-connectivity,autonomous driving,MaaS(Mobility as a Service)-coordinated transport or hyperloop-type solutions.However,all these solutions have additional challenges and limitations.Solutions are not being searched where they really exist-in the mutual adaptation of road and rail vehicles and their deep cooperation.The ComplexTrans project shows that simply adapting the dimensions and functions of road and rail vehicles can eliminate(or at least significantly reduce)all the problems of existing land transport.The main features of the ComplexTrans system are sufficient parking spaces,reduction of urban and non-urban congestion,electric vehicles with unlimited range and cheaper than standard cars,cheaper and more accessible battery charging,“autonomous ride”,solving the overlap between passenger and freight rail transport and making it self-financing,transferring intercity freight transport to rail,replacing part of continental air transport and many others.The cost-effective and clustered individual transport and individualised public transport of the ComplexTrans system also bring very significant reductions in the risk of transmission of covid-19 and other contagious diseases during transport.展开更多
The core of China’s low-carbon development includes optimization of industrial structure,clean energy technologies,emission reduction technologies,and innovation of relevant systems and institutions.China National Pe...The core of China’s low-carbon development includes optimization of industrial structure,clean energy technologies,emission reduction technologies,and innovation of relevant systems and institutions.China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)has always been a proactive participant in developing low-carbon economy,shouldering the responsibilities of safeguarding oil and gas supply,conserving energy,and reducing emission.Therefore,CNPC fulfills those responsibilities as a substantial part of its overall strategy.Guided by low carbon and driven by innovation,petroleum corporations have taken constant innovation of low-carbon technologies,especially the development of green and low-carbon petroleum engineering technologies and equipment,as major measures for energy conservation and emission reduction.Large-scale development mode o f unconventional resource anhydrous fracturing should be innovated.And supercritical C 02 should be used to replace water for fracturing operation,in order to achieve multiple objectives of C 02 burying,conserve water resource,improve single well production and ultimate recovery,realizing reduced emission and efficient utilization o f C 02 resources.Artificial lifting energy-saving and efficiencyincreasing technologies and injection-production technology in the same well should also be innovated.Energy consumption of high water-cut wells is reduced to support the new low-carbon operation mode of high water-cut oilfields and realize energy saving and efficiency improvement during oil production by developing the operation efficiency of the lifting system and reducing the ineffective lifting of formation water.These technologies have been widely recognized by local and international experts and have greatly enhanced CNPC's international influence.This study expounds the key technologies and equipment with regard to the development of green and low-carbon petroleum engineering and provide relevant suggestions.展开更多
Since the 21 st century, the transportation industry in China has achieved rapid growth with a significant increase in the transport capacity; however the development has also greatly impacted the energy saving & ...Since the 21 st century, the transportation industry in China has achieved rapid growth with a significant increase in the transport capacity; however the development has also greatly impacted the energy saving & environmental conservation. This paper takes into account non-commercial vehicles such as private cars in the statistics of energy consumption and pollution of Chinese transportation system. This method extends on previous methods which solely include commercial vehicles in these statistics. Based on more comprehensive quantitative data, it reviews the progress in the energy saving and environmental conservation efforts by the Chinese transportation industry and points out that the rapid increase of energy consumption and pollution emission and the deterioration of traffic congestion are prominent problems in the development of the Chinese transport industry. The main reasons for theses problems include the unbalanced development of different transport modes, the irrational layout of integrated transport hubs, the inadequate law, regulations and standards, and the use of suboptimal technology. Based on these findings, this paper proposes several goals for the construction of a green transportation system in China including the establishment of a transportation management system, the improvement of transportation energy efficiency, the control of environmental pollution and the alleviating of urban traffic congestion. Additionally, it points out that in order to build a green transportation system in China, multiple aspects should be enhanced, i.e., the formulation of traffic planning, the optimization of transport structure, the development of urban public transport, improvement of integrated hubs, administration of energy saving and environmental conservation, development of intelligent transportation systems, technical innovations, etc..展开更多
In order to comprehensively study the influence of climate change on economic growth and energy conservation&emission reduction,this paper fi rst uses the non-radial directional distance function(NDDF)to calculate...In order to comprehensively study the influence of climate change on economic growth and energy conservation&emission reduction,this paper fi rst uses the non-radial directional distance function(NDDF)to calculate the city-level green economic efficiency in China during 2003-2016.The causal effect of daily temperature changes on green economic efficiency is then identifi ed to evaluate the economic consequences of climate change.It fi nds that r elative to the 6~12℃temperature benchmark,any decrease or increase in temperature will pose negative influence on green economic efficiency;moreover,such effects are only observed in developed cities,but not signifi cant in less-developed ones.This refl ects that the economic consequences of climate change are“robbing the rich”to some extents,which differs widely from the“pro-poor”conclusion in the majority of literature previously.Subject to the robustness test and with possible competitive explanations excluded,this finding still stands.The mechanism test reveals that temperature rise brings about economic consequences that“rob the rich”by affecting labor productivity,efficiency of energy conservation&emission reduction and execution of environmental regulations by local government.This study brings a different perspective for understanding the economic consequences of climate change and offers empirical basis for identifying responsibilities of local government in climate governance.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074089 and 52104064)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LH2019E019).
文摘As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.
文摘A major roadblock in achieving substantial building energy reduction is the low performance of old buildings that account for a significant portion of the building energy consumption.Finding low-cost energy retrofit solutions that do not disrupt occupants’daily life during the retrofitting is the key to successful building energy retrofit initiatives.In this paper,a novel and low-cost exterior wall retrofitting solution is introduced,and its performance in reducing space cooling load was quantitatively evaluated to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness.The primary goal of this paper is to provide a quantitative assessment of the cooling-energy savings potential by using the proposed new wall system.The intended retrofitting targets are the large amount of existing cavity-wall buildings located in hot climate regions.The quantification of the before-after heat-flux reduction was conducted through a 3-dimensional steady-state low turbulence computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model,which is validated by benchmarking its prediction against the published experimental case results.The outcomes of the investigation suggest that this simple low-cost solution has great potentials in reducing buildings’summer cooling load in hot climate regions.The applicability of this solution is not limited to retrofitting existing buildings.New energy-efficient building designs can also adopt this solution in their envelope systems.
文摘Many U.S.utilities incentivize residential energy reduction through rebates,often in response to state mandates for energy reduction or from a desire to reduce demand to mitigate the need to grow generating assets.The assumption built into incentive programs is that the least efficient residences will be more likely take advantage of the rebates.This,however,is not always the case.The main goal of this study was to determine the potential for prioritized incentivization,i.e.,prioritizing incentives that deliver the greatest energy savings per invest-ment through an entire community.It uses a data mining approach that leverages known building and energy characteristics for predicting energy consumption of houses that collectively can be considered representative of all residences within an entire community.From this model,it estimates natural gas consumption and savings,and corresponding implementation costs associated with the adoption of the most impactful energy reduction measures.The resulting savings and cost estimates allow us to develop a sequential energy reduction strategy whereby the most economic measures within the whole utility district are addressed.The results show that an energy reduction of 36%can be achieved at a levelized cost of less than$14 per mmBTU($14,780 per MJ),demonstrating the strong potential of this approach.A corresponding Economic Input–Output Analysis captures the cascading community economic impacts of this strategy.The results show that for the roughly 45,000 single-family residences in the studied region,an initial energy efficiency investment of$26M could result in a total cascading multiplier economic impact of$41M and additional economic impacts of$2.2M for the lifetime of the considered energy efficiency measures.
文摘The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the 10 important strategies of environmental management in China. The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the important strategies of environmental management in China. Based on the systematic collection of 1,195 energy conservation emission reduction policies, we discuss the influence of individual measure and measure synergy of energy conservation and emission reduction policies respectively. The results show that the energy conservation and emission reduction policies have a significant effect on the overall promotion of industrial upgrading. The financial measures and guidance measures have a positive impact;the financial measures and guidance measures have significantly positive effect; however, the administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures do the opposite; the positive effect of the synergy of guidance measures and financial measures is greater than the negative effect of considering only the synergy of fiscal tax measures and other economic measures, and significantly greater than the negative effect of the synergy of administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures. We should strengthen and emphasize the use of the measure that has positive effect on industrial structure restructuring and upgrading individually and synergistically.
基金Supported by Foundation of Heilongjiang Province Educational Committee (11551056)Scientific Fund of Heilongjiang Province for Youth (QC2009C40)+1 种基金Fund of Harbin City Innovative Talent (2009RFQXN096)Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘With the startup and execution of new socialistic countryside construction in Heilongjiang Province,the transition from castoff to resource is strengthened in the countryside,aiming at neat appearance of the countryside,clean production and saving energy.People produce biogas and provide the countryside with new energy by means of turning livestock's dejection into resources,composting of the plant and animal's leavings in the courtyard and even in the factory.It is helpful for the countryside to conserve the energy and reduce emission of the waste.And it also plays an important role in protecting the eco-environment,beautifying homestead and developing the ecological agriculture and so on.The liquid and solid residue in the biogas production can be reused as fertilizer for crops or food for animals after pretreatment,which is propitious to accelerate the development of the circular economy in Heilongjiang Province.
文摘Electric submersible pumps account for a considerable proportion in the development of the Bohai Oilfield. Improving the system efficiency of the electric submersible pump wells, ensuring that the units operate in the high-efficiency zone, is essential. Analysis shows that the efficiency of the electric submersible pump system depends on the wear and tear of each component of the submersible pump equipment, the setting of operational parameters, and more importantly, the production status and daily management level of the oil well. Therefore, improving the structural performance of the submersible pump product, optimizing the parameters setting of the oil well, strengthening daily management, establishing a scientific management system, and improving the production management process and system can effectively improve the production efficiency and economic benefits of the oil well, and further achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction. In addition, it is necessary to actively promote the concept and technology of energy saving and emission reduction, encourage oilfield enterprises to explore effective measures to reduce the energy consumption of the electric submersible pump system by strengthening the scientific management system, and achieve a green, low-carbon, and high-quality development of oilfield production to achieve the unity of economic benefits, social benefits, and environmental benefits. This article applies the above measures in the P oilfield to achieve energy optimization of submersible electric pump systems, reducing the daily power consumption of single well submersible electric pump systems by 371 kWh per day, increasing the submersible electric pump's lifespan by 200 days, generating considerable project benefits.
文摘2020 is the year of decisive stage for building a well-off society in an all-round way.On the winter vacation of 2020,we went to Huoshan County,Anhui Province,an old revolutionary area,and conducted a social survey for nearly a month.Through interviews,on-site observations,and access to materials,we clearly found that the local party committee and government actively responded to the call of the state,practiced the"two mountains"theory,turned a poor and backward agricultural county into a national ecologically civilized and well-off county,and realized the coordinated progress of poverty alleviation and energy conservation and emission reduction.Starting from the government policies and rural facts of Huoshan County,a national ecological county,and using Porter’s"Diamond Model",our team used Huoshan County’s environmental advantages and disadvantages,economic prosperity and decline as comparison conditions,and analyzed external factors such as factor conditions,opportunities,related and supporting industries,government forces,etc.,to come up with pertinent recommendations for the development of agricultural county-level characteristic industries.
文摘The current situation of the epidemic is complex and changeable.Under the China adherence to the“dynamic zero clearance,”epidemic prevention and control is closely related to all walks of life,and epidemic prevention awning has become one of the essential basic epidemic prevention facilities.However,most of the epidemic awnings are manufactured for the isolation and protection from wind and rain,which could not meet the needs of electricity allocation during emergencies.Therefore,our goal is to design a new energy-saving epidemic prevention tent that is green,stable,and easy to shrink.It is equipped with multiple energy storage and multivariate methods to achieve self-supply of electric energy.First the“1+1”arrangement design of solar power panels on the anti-epidemic tent and pressure power panels combined with the design of pressure power panels under the tent can receive various energy inputs.At the same time,retractable brackets are designed under the four pillars,which are easy to fold and enhance the stability of the canopy.The utilization of energy is more diversified to achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.Its market value is broad,and the development prospect is good.
文摘With net zero carbon emissions targets approaching over the next 20 to 30 years, the water industry must act now to develop energy efficient techniques and designs to reduce emissions and reduce the carbon footprint of water utility providers. There is also the potential for significant energy and therefore financial savings to be realised from the adoption of more energy efficient designs approaches. Water utility providers account for a significant proportion of national electricity consumption. The purpose of this research is to determine if, over the long term, opting for a larger diameter pipe at design stage can lead to significant financial and emissions savings for water utility providers when considering pumping mains. Pumping mains are widely used throughout the water and wastewater industry where a gravity solution is not possible. 72 hypothetical water main design scenarios were analysed and the long term financial and environmental impact of each hypothetical water main was assessed. It was found across all design scenarios that larger diameter water mains were capable of delivering the same rate of flow of smaller diameter pipes at a much reduced velocity and requiring reduced pumping power. It was concluded that pumped mains of larger diameters can ultimately be more energy efficient and cost effective over the long term when selected in favour of smaller diameter pumped mains in otherwise identical design scenarios.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2020JJ4306)"Scientific Innovation Plan"of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(20194001882)。
文摘Effective short-term prediction of regional voltage load is of great significance to the implementation of energy saving and emission reduction policies in China.Accurate prediction of real-time demand voltage can reduce power waste and carbon emissions,make outstanding contributions to delaying global climate warming,and is conducive to global environmental protection and sustainable development.On the short-term load forecasting of power system,a variant model of RNN-LSTM is tested in this paper.It effectively solves the problem of gradient explosion and disappearance caused by large amount of data input in classical RNN.On the basis of this model,optimization experiments are carried out under different super parameters to achieve better prediction results.The experimental results show that the accuracy of test set reaches 99.8%,which proves that the method proposed in this paper has certain reference value.
基金This research is partly supported by project SGS-2019-001The 3-D visualisations were prepared by students of University of West Bohemia or by professional designers.
文摘Land transport can no longer meet the requirements.European transport can be described by these words−crowded motorways and cities,dangerous emissions,ubiquitous traffic accidents,delays,expensive railways.Solutions are being sought to transfer a large part of passengers and especially freight transport to(high-speed)rail,and efforts are moving towards electromobility,car-sharing,5G-connectivity,autonomous driving,MaaS(Mobility as a Service)-coordinated transport or hyperloop-type solutions.However,all these solutions have additional challenges and limitations.Solutions are not being searched where they really exist-in the mutual adaptation of road and rail vehicles and their deep cooperation.The ComplexTrans project shows that simply adapting the dimensions and functions of road and rail vehicles can eliminate(or at least significantly reduce)all the problems of existing land transport.The main features of the ComplexTrans system are sufficient parking spaces,reduction of urban and non-urban congestion,electric vehicles with unlimited range and cheaper than standard cars,cheaper and more accessible battery charging,“autonomous ride”,solving the overlap between passenger and freight rail transport and making it self-financing,transferring intercity freight transport to rail,replacing part of continental air transport and many others.The cost-effective and clustered individual transport and individualised public transport of the ComplexTrans system also bring very significant reductions in the risk of transmission of covid-19 and other contagious diseases during transport.
文摘The core of China’s low-carbon development includes optimization of industrial structure,clean energy technologies,emission reduction technologies,and innovation of relevant systems and institutions.China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)has always been a proactive participant in developing low-carbon economy,shouldering the responsibilities of safeguarding oil and gas supply,conserving energy,and reducing emission.Therefore,CNPC fulfills those responsibilities as a substantial part of its overall strategy.Guided by low carbon and driven by innovation,petroleum corporations have taken constant innovation of low-carbon technologies,especially the development of green and low-carbon petroleum engineering technologies and equipment,as major measures for energy conservation and emission reduction.Large-scale development mode o f unconventional resource anhydrous fracturing should be innovated.And supercritical C 02 should be used to replace water for fracturing operation,in order to achieve multiple objectives of C 02 burying,conserve water resource,improve single well production and ultimate recovery,realizing reduced emission and efficient utilization o f C 02 resources.Artificial lifting energy-saving and efficiencyincreasing technologies and injection-production technology in the same well should also be innovated.Energy consumption of high water-cut wells is reduced to support the new low-carbon operation mode of high water-cut oilfields and realize energy saving and efficiency improvement during oil production by developing the operation efficiency of the lifting system and reducing the ineffective lifting of formation water.These technologies have been widely recognized by local and international experts and have greatly enhanced CNPC's international influence.This study expounds the key technologies and equipment with regard to the development of green and low-carbon petroleum engineering and provide relevant suggestions.
文摘Since the 21 st century, the transportation industry in China has achieved rapid growth with a significant increase in the transport capacity; however the development has also greatly impacted the energy saving & environmental conservation. This paper takes into account non-commercial vehicles such as private cars in the statistics of energy consumption and pollution of Chinese transportation system. This method extends on previous methods which solely include commercial vehicles in these statistics. Based on more comprehensive quantitative data, it reviews the progress in the energy saving and environmental conservation efforts by the Chinese transportation industry and points out that the rapid increase of energy consumption and pollution emission and the deterioration of traffic congestion are prominent problems in the development of the Chinese transport industry. The main reasons for theses problems include the unbalanced development of different transport modes, the irrational layout of integrated transport hubs, the inadequate law, regulations and standards, and the use of suboptimal technology. Based on these findings, this paper proposes several goals for the construction of a green transportation system in China including the establishment of a transportation management system, the improvement of transportation energy efficiency, the control of environmental pollution and the alleviating of urban traffic congestion. Additionally, it points out that in order to build a green transportation system in China, multiple aspects should be enhanced, i.e., the formulation of traffic planning, the optimization of transport structure, the development of urban public transport, improvement of integrated hubs, administration of energy saving and environmental conservation, development of intelligent transportation systems, technical innovations, etc..
基金Major Program of the National Social Science Fund of China“Capacity Basis,Capacity Structure and Promotion Mechanism for High-Quality Development of China”(19ZDA049)National Natural Science Foundation of China“Diffusion Mechanism and Policy Effects of Local Environmental Governance Policies:A Case Study on the‘River-Director’System”(71903085)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities“Economic Effects of Climate Change:Theoretical Mechanism and Evidence from China”(010414370114).
文摘In order to comprehensively study the influence of climate change on economic growth and energy conservation&emission reduction,this paper fi rst uses the non-radial directional distance function(NDDF)to calculate the city-level green economic efficiency in China during 2003-2016.The causal effect of daily temperature changes on green economic efficiency is then identifi ed to evaluate the economic consequences of climate change.It fi nds that r elative to the 6~12℃temperature benchmark,any decrease or increase in temperature will pose negative influence on green economic efficiency;moreover,such effects are only observed in developed cities,but not signifi cant in less-developed ones.This refl ects that the economic consequences of climate change are“robbing the rich”to some extents,which differs widely from the“pro-poor”conclusion in the majority of literature previously.Subject to the robustness test and with possible competitive explanations excluded,this finding still stands.The mechanism test reveals that temperature rise brings about economic consequences that“rob the rich”by affecting labor productivity,efficiency of energy conservation&emission reduction and execution of environmental regulations by local government.This study brings a different perspective for understanding the economic consequences of climate change and offers empirical basis for identifying responsibilities of local government in climate governance.
