Denim is widely accepted among exported textile products due to its aesthetics, appearance, and fashion. Practitioners employed several physical or chemical treatments to improve denim qualities in denim finishing ope...Denim is widely accepted among exported textile products due to its aesthetics, appearance, and fashion. Practitioners employed several physical or chemical treatments to improve denim qualities in denim finishing operations. So, several treatment processes, including enzymatic, bleaching, singeing, heat set, and ozone finish, are used, which made this processing more energy consumption and time-consuming. Therefore, it is significant to investigate how changing the chemicals and raw ingredients could improve the finishing process, which is environmentally and economically beneficial for sustainable production practices in the denim finishing process. This study’s research design comprises an experimental investigation in a denim plant in Bangladesh. Two different fabrics were chosen to analyze, determining the potential savings of finishing on the denim fabrics’ performance characteristics. By deducting singeing and heat-set processes, the researchers ran an experimental process by maintaining the same length of fabric. Then, the impacts of finishing process optimization on the mechanical, thermal, and comfort parameters of drape, stiffness, and tear strength were examined. The study’s findings demonstrated that this experiment increased productivity and reduced the finishing unit’s energy consumption without compromising the denim fabrics’ quality. This study significantly impacts environmental sustainability by preserving limited energy resources and manufacturing denim finishing processes.展开更多
Purpose–To address the problem that the current train operation mode that train selects one of several offline pre-generated control schemes before the departure and operates following the scheme after the departure,...Purpose–To address the problem that the current train operation mode that train selects one of several offline pre-generated control schemes before the departure and operates following the scheme after the departure,energy-saving performance of the whole metro system cannot be guaranteed.Design/methodology/approach–A cooperative train control framework is formulated to regulate a novel train operation mode.The classic train four-phase control strategy is improved for generating specific energy-efficient control schemes for each train.An improved brute force(BF)algorithm with a two-layer searching idea is designed to solve the optimisation model of energy-efficient train control schemes.Findings–Case studies on the actual metro line in Guangzhou,China verify the effectiveness of the proposed train control methods compared with four-phase control strategy under different kinds of train operation scenarios and calculation parameters.The verification on the computation efficiency as well as accuracy of the proposed algorithm indicates that it meets the requirement of online optimisation.Originality/value–Most existing studies optimised energy-efficient train timetable or train control strategies through an offline process,which has a defect in coping with the disturbance or delays effectively and promptly during real-time train operation.This paper studies an online optimisation of cooperative train control based on the rolling optimisation idea,where energy-efficient train operation can be realised once train running time is determined,thus mitigating the impact of unpredictable operation situations on the energy-saving performance of trains.展开更多
When saving energy in a pneumatic system,the problem of energy losses is usually solved by reducing the air supply pressure.The power-matching method is applied to optimize the air-supply pressure of the pneumatic sys...When saving energy in a pneumatic system,the problem of energy losses is usually solved by reducing the air supply pressure.The power-matching method is applied to optimize the air-supply pressure of the pneumatic system,and the energy-saving effect is verified by experiments.First,the experimental platform of a pneumatic rotary actuator servo-control system is built,and the mechanism of the valve-controlled cylinder system is analyzed.Then,the output power characteristics and load characteristics of the system are derived,and their characteristic curves are drawn.The employed air compressor is considered as a constant-pressure source of a quantitative pump,and the power characteristic of the system is matched.The power source characteristic curve should envelope the output characteristic curve and load characteristic curve.The minimum gas supply pressure obtained by power matching represents the optimal gas supply pressure.The comparative experiments under two different gas supply pressure conditions show that the system under the optimal gas supply pressure can greatly reduce energy losses.展开更多
Currently, many studies have been made for years on dimensions of pneumatic nozzle, which influence the flow characteristic of blowing system. For the purpose of outputting the same blowing force, the supply pressure ...Currently, many studies have been made for years on dimensions of pneumatic nozzle, which influence the flow characteristic of blowing system. For the purpose of outputting the same blowing force, the supply pressure could be reduced by decreasing the ratio of length to diameter of nozzle. The friction between high speed air and pipe wall would be reduced if the nozzle is designed to be converging shape comparing with straight shape. But the volume flow and pressure, discussed in these studies, do not describe energy loss of the blowing system directly. Pneumatic power is an innovative principle to estimate pneumatic system’s energy consumption directly. Based on the above principle, a pulse blowing method is put forward for saving energy. A flow experiment is carried out, in which the high speed air flows from the pulse blowing system and continuous blowing system respectively to a plate with grease on top. Supply pressure and the volume of air used for removing the grease are measured to calculate energy consumption. From the experiment result, the pulse blowing system performs to conserve energy comparing with the continuous blowing system. The frequency and duty ratio of pulse flow influence the blowing characteristic. The pulse blowing system performs to be the most efficient at the specified frequency and duty ratio. Then a pneumatic self-oscillated method based on air operated valve is put forward to generate pulse flow. A simulation is made about dynamic modeling the air operated valve and calculating the motion of the valve core and output pressure. The simulation result verifies the system to be able to generate pulse flow, and predicts the key parameters of the frequency and duty ratio measured by experiment well. Finally, on the basis of simplifying and solution of the pulse blowing system’s mathematic model, the relationship between system’s frequency duty ratio and the dimensions of components is simply described with four algebraic equations. The system could be designed with specified frequency and duty ratio according to the four equations. This study provides theoretical basis for designing energy-saving air blowing system.展开更多
To improve the power consumption of parallel applications at the runtime, modern processors provide frequency scaling and power limiting capabilities. In this work, a runtime strategy is proposed to maximize energy sa...To improve the power consumption of parallel applications at the runtime, modern processors provide frequency scaling and power limiting capabilities. In this work, a runtime strategy is proposed to maximize energy savings under a given performance degradation. Machine learning techniques were utilized to develop performance models which would provide accurate performance prediction with change in operating core-uncore frequency. Experiments, performed on a node (28 cores) of a modern computing platform showed significant energy savings of as much as 26% with performance degradation of as low as 5% under the proposed strategy compared with the execution in the unlimited power case.展开更多
With the current,our country social economy rapid development,people's living standard and quality of life and therefore have got improved,at the same time,it is the concept of environmental protection and energy ...With the current,our country social economy rapid development,people's living standard and quality of life and therefore have got improved,at the same time,it is the concept of environmental protection and energy saving is also enhanced value,many fields in our country environmental protection and energysaving concept can be seen in the application,especially the application in building water supply and drainage design more widely,to protect the environment,to maximize the use of limited resources,how to reasonable use of water resources in building water supply and drainage construction,above is current the paper mainly discusses the problems in the construction field,this paper based on environmental protection and energy-saving concept,discusses its application in the building water supply and drainage design,for your reference.展开更多
The dispersing process of the blasted smoke in underground mines by ventilation is very important for the safety of personnel,and its energy consumption is also worthy of concern. In this study,the impact of supply ai...The dispersing process of the blasted smoke in underground mines by ventilation is very important for the safety of personnel,and its energy consumption is also worthy of concern. In this study,the impact of supply air flow rate on the decay process of harmful gases and fan energy,and the role of harmful gases buried by blasted pile in the smoke dispersing process is analyzed with three-dimensional numerical simulation. According to the results,air flow facilitates quick smoke dispersion and the gas emits from the blasted pile is only significant at the beginning of ventilation. It is thus recommended that large amount of air supply is taken to disperse the smoke quickly until the concentration of harmful gases reaches relevant standards,and reduce the amount of air in the remain time with frequency conversion technology to save energy. In the given study,12 m / s air flow rate is taken for dispersing smoke and 3 m / s air flow rate is taken for the waiting time. The energy consumption for ventilation is reduced by about 50%. In addition,due to the gases in the blasted pile remains very high concentration after the dispersing process,it is recommended to keep suitable amount of ventilation in the consequent process.展开更多
The very long tradition of the activated sludge treatment model within the water industry has demonstrated very versatile possibilities to adopt the operation mode for different enhancements. By looking into other tre...The very long tradition of the activated sludge treatment model within the water industry has demonstrated very versatile possibilities to adopt the operation mode for different enhancements. By looking into other treatment models within the activated sludge family it is possible to find alternatives for the operation. This paper concentrates on the possibilities to improve even small WWTP with respect to energy savings. The small plant in Northern Sweden, called Rosvik WWTP, is given as an example. Some important findings related to the intermittent aeration mode may be summarized as follows: 1) An energy savings for the operation of the small WWTP with respect to aeration needs that resulted in a decrease of the energy power supply by more than 35%, as compared with the previous operation based on continuous aeration;2) The up to date effluent levels with respect to the main pollutants have remained at very good levels in 2020, P-level averages 0.16 mg P/l versus consent level <</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.5 mg P/l;COD-level 40 versus <</span><span> </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">70 mg/l and BOD</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">7</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 9 versus <</span></span><span> </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">15 mg/l;3) Sometimes, also improved sludge settling characteristics have been observed, thus providing improved discharge figures;4) The potential to develop an enhanced biological phosphorus removal. There are however </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">some needed conditions to accomplish these improvements: 1) Reliable</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on-line probes for both oxygen control, SS-concentration control and optionally also for nitrogen control;2) A flexible automation system that allows the needed process modifications to take place;3) And finally, very important dedicated and competent plant operators, with the needed curiosity for operation improvements.展开更多
This paper analyzes the main problems of Sinopec Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.,such as decentralized steam system layout,many types of fuels,obvious increase in fuel cost,low operation efficiency of turbine a...This paper analyzes the main problems of Sinopec Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.,such as decentralized steam system layout,many types of fuels,obvious increase in fuel cost,low operation efficiency of turbine and boiler and high self consumption loss,and puts forward and implements optimization and improvement measures such as pressure raising transformation of natural gas system,adjustment of energy consumption structure,reduction of energy consumption cost,improvement of steam production quality and equipment efficiency.The results showed that compared with the fuel consumption in 2018,the consumption of coal coke was reduced by 550000 t,the consumption of natural gas was increased by 170000 t,and the total consumption of fuel gas and fuel oil was increased by 50000 t,equivalent to 246000 t of standard coal;the purchased electricity was increased by about 5×10^(8) kW·h.Green power trading and 14.76 MW distributed photovoltaic projects were carried out.According to the calculation of 1400-1600 h annual power generation in class II photovoltaic areas and the emission factor of North China regional power grid baseline,the annual emission reduction was about 55000 t CO_(2) in 2021.After the above transformation,the goal of zero-coking is achieved;the steam consumption of units is reduced by 21.5%,the steam production of boilers is reduced by 24.9%,and the annual emission reduction is about 760000 t CO_(2),which has achieved good results.展开更多
In this study, the optimum insulation thickness of the external walls of the housing and it’s energy saving and environmental impact in the provinces—Ardahan, Aydin, Eskisehir and Samsun—located in four different c...In this study, the optimum insulation thickness of the external walls of the housing and it’s energy saving and environmental impact in the provinces—Ardahan, Aydin, Eskisehir and Samsun—located in four different climate regions of Turkey was calculated for the expanded polystyrene and polyurethane insulation materials. Natural gas and coal were selected as fuels. Ardahan in the coldest climate region and Aydin in the hottest climate region, for the coal and optimum thickness of expanded polystyrene and polyurethane insulation materials, the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions. In the study, the relations between annual energy cost saving and insulation thickness are given. The value of energy cost saving increases up to optimum insulation thickness and beyond this level, the energy cost saving is decreased. For coal and optimum thickness of expanded polystyrene and polyurethane insulation materials, the energy cost savings was higher for the cold climate regions when it was compared with the hot climate regions.展开更多
Requirements for the respect of the environment encourage to reduce the impact of human activity on the nature. Civil engineering answers these requirements by the development of ecological construction materials. Thi...Requirements for the respect of the environment encourage to reduce the impact of human activity on the nature. Civil engineering answers these requirements by the development of ecological construction materials. This paper deals with the transformation of clay raw materials which enable the processing of environmentally friendly construction materials: in addition to their biodegradability, the alveolar fired clay materials allow energy saving in home heating thanks to their thermal isolation properties. But their manufacturing is a high energy consumption process, in particular during compaction, drying and firing which contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases. The goal of this paper is to study the rheology of clay pastes in order to develop low energy in manufacturing processes. For this purpose, theoretical and experimental approaches were carried out on six clay varieties. In the theoretical approach, a finite element (FE) simulation model has been developed for pressing a non-rigid material predicting deformations and stresses occurring within the clay structure. Experiments have then been carried out to validate the finite element modelling. In this experimental approach, the clay pastes were transformed with water content respecting the Atterberg limits which determine the plasticity of clays. The samples compaction has been carried out under variable loadings in order to determine the suitable low energy consumption loading.展开更多
HVAC equipment is very concerned in the current equipment operation process.Its safety,reliability and comfort will have a greater impact on the production and life of common people.In some projects,there are some pro...HVAC equipment is very concerned in the current equipment operation process.Its safety,reliability and comfort will have a greater impact on the production and life of common people.In some projects,there are some problems in the installation of HVAC equipment,such as imperfect installation scheme,low installation quality and random selection of equipment parameters.These seriously affect the normal operation of the equipment,and it is not easy to achieve energy saving of HVAC equipment.In the future installation of HVAC equipment,it is necessary to continuously optimize the HVAC equipment installation system,fully compare the reliability and feasibility of the equipment installation scheme,and strengthen the application of energy-saving technology of HVAC equipment.In this way,the use cost of the equipment can be reduced and the comprehensive quality of the equipment can be improved.Therefore,this paper discusses this further and puts forward reasonable suggestions.展开更多
2005 China-Britain Standardization Conference was held at Beijing International Convention Center on June 29th,2005,jointly hosted by Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SAC) and British...2005 China-Britain Standardization Conference was held at Beijing International Convention Center on June 29th,2005,jointly hosted by Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SAC) and British Standards Institute (BSI),with “Environmental Protection Energy Saving & Standardization” as its theme.展开更多
Compared with the multi-effect distilled water machine,the mechanical vapor recompression(MVR)distilled water machine has many advantages,and has been a trend to replace the traditional distilled water machine.Based o...Compared with the multi-effect distilled water machine,the mechanical vapor recompression(MVR)distilled water machine has many advantages,and has been a trend to replace the traditional distilled water machine.Based on the conservation equations of mass and energy,this paper designs an MVR distilled water production process and establishes the corresponding thermodynamic model.Effects of the produced water temperature,heat exchange temperature difference,compressor adiabatic efficiency,and pipeline loss to the produced water energy consumption,energy saving rate and coefficient of performance(COP)were studied.Research shows that the MVR distilled water machine is more suitable for occasions with low water production temperature.Appropriate heat exchangers and compressors should be selected to improve comprehensive performance through heat exchange temperature differences and improving adiabatic efficiency.展开更多
In view of the large energy loss problem in the traditional full hydraulic steering system,a scheme of replacing the ordinary pump with the priority valve with the load sensitive variable pump is proposed to make the ...In view of the large energy loss problem in the traditional full hydraulic steering system,a scheme of replacing the ordinary pump with the priority valve with the load sensitive variable pump is proposed to make the variable pump provide the corresponding flow rate according to the needs of the steering system to achieve the purpose of energy saving.Through the establishment of the system AMESim simulation model,the data comparison shows that the energy loss of the load sensitive variable steering system is significantly reduced relative to the traditional full hydraulic steering system.展开更多
Based on the renovation of sponge and energy-saving facilities in a middle school in Nanning,this paper systematically studies the overall elevation of the campus,the composition of the drainage system and the layout ...Based on the renovation of sponge and energy-saving facilities in a middle school in Nanning,this paper systematically studies the overall elevation of the campus,the composition of the drainage system and the layout of space functions,and formulates a characteristic scheme for the renovation of sponge and energy-saving facilities according to the characteristics of the sloping campus.In order to control the total amount of rainwater runoff,the sponge transformation mainly adopts the transformation methods of partition catchment,upper storage and lower use,multi-stage detection and classification treatment.For the purpose of solar energy and wind energy utilization,solar photovoltaic panels and small-scale wind power generation system are adopted.The application effects of sponge and energy-saving facilities are estimated and evaluated.展开更多
The French Textile Machinery Manufacturers’ Association (UCMTF) has presented,during a seminar it organized for textile professionals and students,the spectacular energy savings achieved thanks to state of the
The artificial ground freezing(AGF)systems are designed to operate continuously for an extended period of time to control the groundwater seepage and to strengthen the groundwater structure surrounding excavation area...The artificial ground freezing(AGF)systems are designed to operate continuously for an extended period of time to control the groundwater seepage and to strengthen the groundwater structure surrounding excavation areas.This mode of operation requires a massive amount of energy to sustain the thickness of the frozen body.Therefore,it is of great interest to propose new concepts to reduce energy consumption while providing sufficient structural stability and safe operation.This paper discusses the principle of the freezing on demand(FoD)by means of experiment and mathematical model.A lab-scale rig that mimics the AGF process is conceived and developed.The setup is equipped with more than 80 thermocouples,flow-meters,and advanced instrumentation system to analyze the performance of the AGF process under the FoD concept.A mathematical model has been derived,validated,and utilized to simulate the transient FoD concept.The results suggest that the overall energy saving notably depends on the coolant’s temperature;the energy saving increases while decreasing the coolant inlet temperature.Moreover,applying the FoD concept in an AGF system leads to a significant drop in energy consumption.展开更多
Copper-zinc alloy element for boiler energy saving was put in the intake of simulated boiler system to investigate the interaction and transfer of ions in water system both theoretically and experimentally. The foulin...Copper-zinc alloy element for boiler energy saving was put in the intake of simulated boiler system to investigate the interaction and transfer of ions in water system both theoretically and experimentally. The fouling was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX). The results show that the transfer of calcium and magnesium ions in heat-transfer-surface-water system is affected by zinc ions dissolved from the alloy because of primary battery reaction. Some calcium ions of calcium carbonate crystal are replaced by zinc ions, the growth of aragonite crystal nucleus is retarded, and the transition of calcium carbonate from aragonite to calcite is hampered.展开更多
文摘Denim is widely accepted among exported textile products due to its aesthetics, appearance, and fashion. Practitioners employed several physical or chemical treatments to improve denim qualities in denim finishing operations. So, several treatment processes, including enzymatic, bleaching, singeing, heat set, and ozone finish, are used, which made this processing more energy consumption and time-consuming. Therefore, it is significant to investigate how changing the chemicals and raw ingredients could improve the finishing process, which is environmentally and economically beneficial for sustainable production practices in the denim finishing process. This study’s research design comprises an experimental investigation in a denim plant in Bangladesh. Two different fabrics were chosen to analyze, determining the potential savings of finishing on the denim fabrics’ performance characteristics. By deducting singeing and heat-set processes, the researchers ran an experimental process by maintaining the same length of fabric. Then, the impacts of finishing process optimization on the mechanical, thermal, and comfort parameters of drape, stiffness, and tear strength were examined. The study’s findings demonstrated that this experiment increased productivity and reduced the finishing unit’s energy consumption without compromising the denim fabrics’ quality. This study significantly impacts environmental sustainability by preserving limited energy resources and manufacturing denim finishing processes.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71971016).On behalf of all co-authors,the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
文摘Purpose–To address the problem that the current train operation mode that train selects one of several offline pre-generated control schemes before the departure and operates following the scheme after the departure,energy-saving performance of the whole metro system cannot be guaranteed.Design/methodology/approach–A cooperative train control framework is formulated to regulate a novel train operation mode.The classic train four-phase control strategy is improved for generating specific energy-efficient control schemes for each train.An improved brute force(BF)algorithm with a two-layer searching idea is designed to solve the optimisation model of energy-efficient train control schemes.Findings–Case studies on the actual metro line in Guangzhou,China verify the effectiveness of the proposed train control methods compared with four-phase control strategy under different kinds of train operation scenarios and calculation parameters.The verification on the computation efficiency as well as accuracy of the proposed algorithm indicates that it meets the requirement of online optimisation.Originality/value–Most existing studies optimised energy-efficient train timetable or train control strategies through an offline process,which has a defect in coping with the disturbance or delays effectively and promptly during real-time train operation.This paper studies an online optimisation of cooperative train control based on the rolling optimisation idea,where energy-efficient train operation can be realised once train running time is determined,thus mitigating the impact of unpredictable operation situations on the energy-saving performance of trains.
基金Supported by Henan Province Science and Technology Key Project of China(Grant Nos.202102210081,202102210082)Fundamental Research Funds for Henan Province Colleges and Universities of China(Grant No.NSFRF140120)Doctor Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University(Grant No.B2012-101).
文摘When saving energy in a pneumatic system,the problem of energy losses is usually solved by reducing the air supply pressure.The power-matching method is applied to optimize the air-supply pressure of the pneumatic system,and the energy-saving effect is verified by experiments.First,the experimental platform of a pneumatic rotary actuator servo-control system is built,and the mechanism of the valve-controlled cylinder system is analyzed.Then,the output power characteristics and load characteristics of the system are derived,and their characteristic curves are drawn.The employed air compressor is considered as a constant-pressure source of a quantitative pump,and the power characteristic of the system is matched.The power source characteristic curve should envelope the output characteristic curve and load characteristic curve.The minimum gas supply pressure obtained by power matching represents the optimal gas supply pressure.The comparative experiments under two different gas supply pressure conditions show that the system under the optimal gas supply pressure can greatly reduce energy losses.
文摘Currently, many studies have been made for years on dimensions of pneumatic nozzle, which influence the flow characteristic of blowing system. For the purpose of outputting the same blowing force, the supply pressure could be reduced by decreasing the ratio of length to diameter of nozzle. The friction between high speed air and pipe wall would be reduced if the nozzle is designed to be converging shape comparing with straight shape. But the volume flow and pressure, discussed in these studies, do not describe energy loss of the blowing system directly. Pneumatic power is an innovative principle to estimate pneumatic system’s energy consumption directly. Based on the above principle, a pulse blowing method is put forward for saving energy. A flow experiment is carried out, in which the high speed air flows from the pulse blowing system and continuous blowing system respectively to a plate with grease on top. Supply pressure and the volume of air used for removing the grease are measured to calculate energy consumption. From the experiment result, the pulse blowing system performs to conserve energy comparing with the continuous blowing system. The frequency and duty ratio of pulse flow influence the blowing characteristic. The pulse blowing system performs to be the most efficient at the specified frequency and duty ratio. Then a pneumatic self-oscillated method based on air operated valve is put forward to generate pulse flow. A simulation is made about dynamic modeling the air operated valve and calculating the motion of the valve core and output pressure. The simulation result verifies the system to be able to generate pulse flow, and predicts the key parameters of the frequency and duty ratio measured by experiment well. Finally, on the basis of simplifying and solution of the pulse blowing system’s mathematic model, the relationship between system’s frequency duty ratio and the dimensions of components is simply described with four algebraic equations. The system could be designed with specified frequency and duty ratio according to the four equations. This study provides theoretical basis for designing energy-saving air blowing system.
文摘To improve the power consumption of parallel applications at the runtime, modern processors provide frequency scaling and power limiting capabilities. In this work, a runtime strategy is proposed to maximize energy savings under a given performance degradation. Machine learning techniques were utilized to develop performance models which would provide accurate performance prediction with change in operating core-uncore frequency. Experiments, performed on a node (28 cores) of a modern computing platform showed significant energy savings of as much as 26% with performance degradation of as low as 5% under the proposed strategy compared with the execution in the unlimited power case.
文摘With the current,our country social economy rapid development,people's living standard and quality of life and therefore have got improved,at the same time,it is the concept of environmental protection and energy saving is also enhanced value,many fields in our country environmental protection and energysaving concept can be seen in the application,especially the application in building water supply and drainage design more widely,to protect the environment,to maximize the use of limited resources,how to reasonable use of water resources in building water supply and drainage construction,above is current the paper mainly discusses the problems in the construction field,this paper based on environmental protection and energy-saving concept,discusses its application in the building water supply and drainage design,for your reference.
基金Sponsored by the 12th National Five-Year Science and Technology Support Program(Grant No.2012BAK09B07)
文摘The dispersing process of the blasted smoke in underground mines by ventilation is very important for the safety of personnel,and its energy consumption is also worthy of concern. In this study,the impact of supply air flow rate on the decay process of harmful gases and fan energy,and the role of harmful gases buried by blasted pile in the smoke dispersing process is analyzed with three-dimensional numerical simulation. According to the results,air flow facilitates quick smoke dispersion and the gas emits from the blasted pile is only significant at the beginning of ventilation. It is thus recommended that large amount of air supply is taken to disperse the smoke quickly until the concentration of harmful gases reaches relevant standards,and reduce the amount of air in the remain time with frequency conversion technology to save energy. In the given study,12 m / s air flow rate is taken for dispersing smoke and 3 m / s air flow rate is taken for the waiting time. The energy consumption for ventilation is reduced by about 50%. In addition,due to the gases in the blasted pile remains very high concentration after the dispersing process,it is recommended to keep suitable amount of ventilation in the consequent process.
文摘The very long tradition of the activated sludge treatment model within the water industry has demonstrated very versatile possibilities to adopt the operation mode for different enhancements. By looking into other treatment models within the activated sludge family it is possible to find alternatives for the operation. This paper concentrates on the possibilities to improve even small WWTP with respect to energy savings. The small plant in Northern Sweden, called Rosvik WWTP, is given as an example. Some important findings related to the intermittent aeration mode may be summarized as follows: 1) An energy savings for the operation of the small WWTP with respect to aeration needs that resulted in a decrease of the energy power supply by more than 35%, as compared with the previous operation based on continuous aeration;2) The up to date effluent levels with respect to the main pollutants have remained at very good levels in 2020, P-level averages 0.16 mg P/l versus consent level <</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.5 mg P/l;COD-level 40 versus <</span><span> </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">70 mg/l and BOD</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">7</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 9 versus <</span></span><span> </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">15 mg/l;3) Sometimes, also improved sludge settling characteristics have been observed, thus providing improved discharge figures;4) The potential to develop an enhanced biological phosphorus removal. There are however </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">some needed conditions to accomplish these improvements: 1) Reliable</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on-line probes for both oxygen control, SS-concentration control and optionally also for nitrogen control;2) A flexible automation system that allows the needed process modifications to take place;3) And finally, very important dedicated and competent plant operators, with the needed curiosity for operation improvements.
文摘This paper analyzes the main problems of Sinopec Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.,such as decentralized steam system layout,many types of fuels,obvious increase in fuel cost,low operation efficiency of turbine and boiler and high self consumption loss,and puts forward and implements optimization and improvement measures such as pressure raising transformation of natural gas system,adjustment of energy consumption structure,reduction of energy consumption cost,improvement of steam production quality and equipment efficiency.The results showed that compared with the fuel consumption in 2018,the consumption of coal coke was reduced by 550000 t,the consumption of natural gas was increased by 170000 t,and the total consumption of fuel gas and fuel oil was increased by 50000 t,equivalent to 246000 t of standard coal;the purchased electricity was increased by about 5×10^(8) kW·h.Green power trading and 14.76 MW distributed photovoltaic projects were carried out.According to the calculation of 1400-1600 h annual power generation in class II photovoltaic areas and the emission factor of North China regional power grid baseline,the annual emission reduction was about 55000 t CO_(2) in 2021.After the above transformation,the goal of zero-coking is achieved;the steam consumption of units is reduced by 21.5%,the steam production of boilers is reduced by 24.9%,and the annual emission reduction is about 760000 t CO_(2),which has achieved good results.
文摘In this study, the optimum insulation thickness of the external walls of the housing and it’s energy saving and environmental impact in the provinces—Ardahan, Aydin, Eskisehir and Samsun—located in four different climate regions of Turkey was calculated for the expanded polystyrene and polyurethane insulation materials. Natural gas and coal were selected as fuels. Ardahan in the coldest climate region and Aydin in the hottest climate region, for the coal and optimum thickness of expanded polystyrene and polyurethane insulation materials, the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions. In the study, the relations between annual energy cost saving and insulation thickness are given. The value of energy cost saving increases up to optimum insulation thickness and beyond this level, the energy cost saving is decreased. For coal and optimum thickness of expanded polystyrene and polyurethane insulation materials, the energy cost savings was higher for the cold climate regions when it was compared with the hot climate regions.
文摘Requirements for the respect of the environment encourage to reduce the impact of human activity on the nature. Civil engineering answers these requirements by the development of ecological construction materials. This paper deals with the transformation of clay raw materials which enable the processing of environmentally friendly construction materials: in addition to their biodegradability, the alveolar fired clay materials allow energy saving in home heating thanks to their thermal isolation properties. But their manufacturing is a high energy consumption process, in particular during compaction, drying and firing which contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases. The goal of this paper is to study the rheology of clay pastes in order to develop low energy in manufacturing processes. For this purpose, theoretical and experimental approaches were carried out on six clay varieties. In the theoretical approach, a finite element (FE) simulation model has been developed for pressing a non-rigid material predicting deformations and stresses occurring within the clay structure. Experiments have then been carried out to validate the finite element modelling. In this experimental approach, the clay pastes were transformed with water content respecting the Atterberg limits which determine the plasticity of clays. The samples compaction has been carried out under variable loadings in order to determine the suitable low energy consumption loading.
文摘HVAC equipment is very concerned in the current equipment operation process.Its safety,reliability and comfort will have a greater impact on the production and life of common people.In some projects,there are some problems in the installation of HVAC equipment,such as imperfect installation scheme,low installation quality and random selection of equipment parameters.These seriously affect the normal operation of the equipment,and it is not easy to achieve energy saving of HVAC equipment.In the future installation of HVAC equipment,it is necessary to continuously optimize the HVAC equipment installation system,fully compare the reliability and feasibility of the equipment installation scheme,and strengthen the application of energy-saving technology of HVAC equipment.In this way,the use cost of the equipment can be reduced and the comprehensive quality of the equipment can be improved.Therefore,this paper discusses this further and puts forward reasonable suggestions.
文摘2005 China-Britain Standardization Conference was held at Beijing International Convention Center on June 29th,2005,jointly hosted by Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SAC) and British Standards Institute (BSI),with “Environmental Protection Energy Saving & Standardization” as its theme.
基金the research project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.19JK0374)Xi’an Polytechnic University doctoral research fund(Grant No.BS201807)Xi’an key laboratory of modern intelligent textile equipment(Grant No.2019220614SYS021CG043).
文摘Compared with the multi-effect distilled water machine,the mechanical vapor recompression(MVR)distilled water machine has many advantages,and has been a trend to replace the traditional distilled water machine.Based on the conservation equations of mass and energy,this paper designs an MVR distilled water production process and establishes the corresponding thermodynamic model.Effects of the produced water temperature,heat exchange temperature difference,compressor adiabatic efficiency,and pipeline loss to the produced water energy consumption,energy saving rate and coefficient of performance(COP)were studied.Research shows that the MVR distilled water machine is more suitable for occasions with low water production temperature.Appropriate heat exchangers and compressors should be selected to improve comprehensive performance through heat exchange temperature differences and improving adiabatic efficiency.
基金Key R&D Plan of Shandong Province(2015GGX105005)。
文摘In view of the large energy loss problem in the traditional full hydraulic steering system,a scheme of replacing the ordinary pump with the priority valve with the load sensitive variable pump is proposed to make the variable pump provide the corresponding flow rate according to the needs of the steering system to achieve the purpose of energy saving.Through the establishment of the system AMESim simulation model,the data comparison shows that the energy loss of the load sensitive variable steering system is significantly reduced relative to the traditional full hydraulic steering system.
文摘Based on the renovation of sponge and energy-saving facilities in a middle school in Nanning,this paper systematically studies the overall elevation of the campus,the composition of the drainage system and the layout of space functions,and formulates a characteristic scheme for the renovation of sponge and energy-saving facilities according to the characteristics of the sloping campus.In order to control the total amount of rainwater runoff,the sponge transformation mainly adopts the transformation methods of partition catchment,upper storage and lower use,multi-stage detection and classification treatment.For the purpose of solar energy and wind energy utilization,solar photovoltaic panels and small-scale wind power generation system are adopted.The application effects of sponge and energy-saving facilities are estimated and evaluated.
文摘The French Textile Machinery Manufacturers’ Association (UCMTF) has presented,during a seminar it organized for textile professionals and students,the spectacular energy savings achieved thanks to state of the
基金McGill Engineering Doctoral Award(MEDA)Fonds de recherche du Québec-Nature et technologies(FRQNT)-Bourses de doctorat(B2X)for supporting this research
文摘The artificial ground freezing(AGF)systems are designed to operate continuously for an extended period of time to control the groundwater seepage and to strengthen the groundwater structure surrounding excavation areas.This mode of operation requires a massive amount of energy to sustain the thickness of the frozen body.Therefore,it is of great interest to propose new concepts to reduce energy consumption while providing sufficient structural stability and safe operation.This paper discusses the principle of the freezing on demand(FoD)by means of experiment and mathematical model.A lab-scale rig that mimics the AGF process is conceived and developed.The setup is equipped with more than 80 thermocouples,flow-meters,and advanced instrumentation system to analyze the performance of the AGF process under the FoD concept.A mathematical model has been derived,validated,and utilized to simulate the transient FoD concept.The results suggest that the overall energy saving notably depends on the coolant’s temperature;the energy saving increases while decreasing the coolant inlet temperature.Moreover,applying the FoD concept in an AGF system leads to a significant drop in energy consumption.
基金This work was financially supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of Tianjin (No.06YFGZGX02400).
文摘Copper-zinc alloy element for boiler energy saving was put in the intake of simulated boiler system to investigate the interaction and transfer of ions in water system both theoretically and experimentally. The fouling was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX). The results show that the transfer of calcium and magnesium ions in heat-transfer-surface-water system is affected by zinc ions dissolved from the alloy because of primary battery reaction. Some calcium ions of calcium carbonate crystal are replaced by zinc ions, the growth of aragonite crystal nucleus is retarded, and the transition of calcium carbonate from aragonite to calcite is hampered.
