Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for a healthy diet and adequate human development (1)The human consumption of PUFAs is steadily increasing, but the production of fish oil, the main source o...Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for a healthy diet and adequate human development (1)The human consumption of PUFAs is steadily increasing, but the production of fish oil, the main source of PUFAs for human consumption, is declining (2)Increasing PUFA demand has therefore raised an interest in achieving these PUFAs from alternative sources that are more economical and sustainable.展开更多
The objective of this research was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of fiber residues from Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) obtained by two technological processes. The proximal composition of the f...The objective of this research was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of fiber residues from Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) obtained by two technological processes. The proximal composition of the fiber residues from Canavalia ensiformis registered values of moisture, ash, protein, fat, fiber and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) of 7.14%, 3.17%, 9.14%, 1.34%, ?23.84% and 62.51% for residue A and 4.74%, 2.68%, 7.73%, 1.39%, 23.76% and 64.44% for residue B. Total dietary fiber (TDF) contents in the fiber residues were 47.06 (Residue A) and 54.96 (Residue B) g/100g sample, with most of this content represented by insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) 45.46 g/100g sample in Residue A and 52.75 g/100g of sample in Residue B. The remainder was constituted by soluble dietary fiber (SDF). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was slightly higher in residue B (41.8 g/100g sample). Acid detergent fiber (ADF) that includes principally cellulose, lignin and cutin, and acid detergent lignin (ADL) that include lignin and cutin were higher in residue B (32.5 g/100g sample) and similar for both residues (1.0 (A) and 1.2 (B) g/100g sample), respectively. Resistant starch (RS) was higher in residue B (0.607%) than in residue A (0.358%). No statistical difference (p > 0.05) was registered in the tannins content of both residues. However, the phytates content was higher in the fiber residue obtained by the fists technological process (A residue). In vitro digestibility was higher in residue A (85.81%) than that in B residue (81.51%). The results of the present study suggest the potential use of C. ensiformis fiber residues as a functional ingredient in foods, especially in the development of reduced calorie food and dietary fiber enriched foods.展开更多
Small-scale crop production in many parts of Tanzania is constrained by many problems among which soil fertility degradation is a major problem. Over 80% of cassava (Manihot esculenta) production in Tanzania is done b...Small-scale crop production in many parts of Tanzania is constrained by many problems among which soil fertility degradation is a major problem. Over 80% of cassava (Manihot esculenta) production in Tanzania is done by the small-scale farmers who continuously cultivate their fields, but use limited inputs to restore depleted plant nutrients. The objective of this study was to examine the best legume species that could be incorporated in cassava (Manihot esculenta) production systems under farmers’ conditions and result in increase in soil fertility and crop yields. Mucuna pruriens and Canavalia ensiformis were either incorporated with cassava (Manihot esculenta) or planted as sole crop in rotation with cassava. Mucuna pruriens and Canavalia ensiformis were found to produce almost similar amount of biomass. The two legumes, however, produced higher biomass in rotation than intercropping system. The amount of biomass produced by Mucuna pruriens and Canavalia ensiformis in rotation system was 6.28 t·ha-1 and 5.31 t·ha-1, respectively. The Mucuna use represents an input of nitrogen into the soil which simulates a saving cost of 181.42 and 141.96 US$ ha-1. In the first year, cassava root yields were significantly increased (p < 0.05) over control (continuous sole cassava) (1.44 t·ha-1) by the use of intercropping of cassava (Manihot esculenta) with Mucuna pruriens (2.41 t·ha-1) and or Canavalia ensiformis (2.25 t·ha-1). Intercropping and rotation of cassava with legumes increase cassava yield and represent a sustainable alternative to reduce the farms’ dependence on external inputs and to enhance inherent soil fertility.展开更多
The use of cover plants promotes the recycling of nutrients and the increase in organic mass, and minimizes the effects of erosion. The objective was to evaluate the effect of bulk density in the development of jack b...The use of cover plants promotes the recycling of nutrients and the increase in organic mass, and minimizes the effects of erosion. The objective was to evaluate the effect of bulk density in the development of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) in Cerrado Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis-MT, in the period from June to September 2013. Oxisol was used from a Cerrado reserve area, collected at 0 - 0.20 m depth. The experimental design was completely randomized, corresponding to bulk density levels (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 Mg·m-3), and five replications. The experimental plot consisted of three PVC rings (polyvinyl chloride) with 150 mm internal diameter, 300 mm total height, where the upper and lower rings of pots were filled with 1.0 Mg·m-3 density soil and intermediaries according to bulk density treatments. The results were submitted to variance analysis and, when significant, to regression analysis, both with a 5% probability, using SISVAR software. At 60 days after germination, number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, dry mass of leaves, stem dry mass, dry mass of roots, dry mass of nodules, number of nodules and chlorophyll index (SPAD index) were evaluated. The increase in bulk density negatively influences the development of jack bean, showing little efficiency as a decompacting plant in Cerrado Oxisol.展开更多
文摘Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for a healthy diet and adequate human development (1)The human consumption of PUFAs is steadily increasing, but the production of fish oil, the main source of PUFAs for human consumption, is declining (2)Increasing PUFA demand has therefore raised an interest in achieving these PUFAs from alternative sources that are more economical and sustainable.
文摘The objective of this research was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of fiber residues from Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) obtained by two technological processes. The proximal composition of the fiber residues from Canavalia ensiformis registered values of moisture, ash, protein, fat, fiber and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) of 7.14%, 3.17%, 9.14%, 1.34%, ?23.84% and 62.51% for residue A and 4.74%, 2.68%, 7.73%, 1.39%, 23.76% and 64.44% for residue B. Total dietary fiber (TDF) contents in the fiber residues were 47.06 (Residue A) and 54.96 (Residue B) g/100g sample, with most of this content represented by insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) 45.46 g/100g sample in Residue A and 52.75 g/100g of sample in Residue B. The remainder was constituted by soluble dietary fiber (SDF). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was slightly higher in residue B (41.8 g/100g sample). Acid detergent fiber (ADF) that includes principally cellulose, lignin and cutin, and acid detergent lignin (ADL) that include lignin and cutin were higher in residue B (32.5 g/100g sample) and similar for both residues (1.0 (A) and 1.2 (B) g/100g sample), respectively. Resistant starch (RS) was higher in residue B (0.607%) than in residue A (0.358%). No statistical difference (p > 0.05) was registered in the tannins content of both residues. However, the phytates content was higher in the fiber residue obtained by the fists technological process (A residue). In vitro digestibility was higher in residue A (85.81%) than that in B residue (81.51%). The results of the present study suggest the potential use of C. ensiformis fiber residues as a functional ingredient in foods, especially in the development of reduced calorie food and dietary fiber enriched foods.
文摘Small-scale crop production in many parts of Tanzania is constrained by many problems among which soil fertility degradation is a major problem. Over 80% of cassava (Manihot esculenta) production in Tanzania is done by the small-scale farmers who continuously cultivate their fields, but use limited inputs to restore depleted plant nutrients. The objective of this study was to examine the best legume species that could be incorporated in cassava (Manihot esculenta) production systems under farmers’ conditions and result in increase in soil fertility and crop yields. Mucuna pruriens and Canavalia ensiformis were either incorporated with cassava (Manihot esculenta) or planted as sole crop in rotation with cassava. Mucuna pruriens and Canavalia ensiformis were found to produce almost similar amount of biomass. The two legumes, however, produced higher biomass in rotation than intercropping system. The amount of biomass produced by Mucuna pruriens and Canavalia ensiformis in rotation system was 6.28 t·ha-1 and 5.31 t·ha-1, respectively. The Mucuna use represents an input of nitrogen into the soil which simulates a saving cost of 181.42 and 141.96 US$ ha-1. In the first year, cassava root yields were significantly increased (p < 0.05) over control (continuous sole cassava) (1.44 t·ha-1) by the use of intercropping of cassava (Manihot esculenta) with Mucuna pruriens (2.41 t·ha-1) and or Canavalia ensiformis (2.25 t·ha-1). Intercropping and rotation of cassava with legumes increase cassava yield and represent a sustainable alternative to reduce the farms’ dependence on external inputs and to enhance inherent soil fertility.
文摘The use of cover plants promotes the recycling of nutrients and the increase in organic mass, and minimizes the effects of erosion. The objective was to evaluate the effect of bulk density in the development of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) in Cerrado Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis-MT, in the period from June to September 2013. Oxisol was used from a Cerrado reserve area, collected at 0 - 0.20 m depth. The experimental design was completely randomized, corresponding to bulk density levels (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 Mg·m-3), and five replications. The experimental plot consisted of three PVC rings (polyvinyl chloride) with 150 mm internal diameter, 300 mm total height, where the upper and lower rings of pots were filled with 1.0 Mg·m-3 density soil and intermediaries according to bulk density treatments. The results were submitted to variance analysis and, when significant, to regression analysis, both with a 5% probability, using SISVAR software. At 60 days after germination, number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, dry mass of leaves, stem dry mass, dry mass of roots, dry mass of nodules, number of nodules and chlorophyll index (SPAD index) were evaluated. The increase in bulk density negatively influences the development of jack bean, showing little efficiency as a decompacting plant in Cerrado Oxisol.
