With the advent of advanced sequencing technologies,non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are increasingly pivotal and play highly regulated roles in the modulation of diverse aspects of plant growth and stress response.This include...With the advent of advanced sequencing technologies,non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are increasingly pivotal and play highly regulated roles in the modulation of diverse aspects of plant growth and stress response.This includes a spectrum of ncRNA classes,ranging from small RNAs to long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs).Notably,among these,lncRNAs emerge as significant and intricate components within the broader ncRNA regulatory networks.Here,we categorize ncRNAs based on their length and structure into small RNAs,medium-sized ncRNAs,lncRNAs,and circle RNAs.Furthermore,the review delves into the detailed biosynthesis and origin of these ncRNAs.Subsequently,we emphasize the diverse regulatory mechanisms employed by lncRNAs that are located at various gene regions of coding genes,embodying promoters,5’UTRs,introns,exons,and 3’UTR regions.Furthermore,we elucidate these regulatory modes through one or two concrete examples.Besides,lncRNAs have emerged as novel central components that participate in phase separation processes.Moreover,we illustrate the coordinated regulatory mechanisms among lncRNAs,miRNAs,and siRNAs with a particular emphasis on the central role of lncRNAs in serving as sponges,precursors,spliceosome,stabilization,scaffolds,or interaction factors to bridge interactions with other ncRNAs.The review also sheds light on the intriguing possibility that some ncRNAs may encode functional micropeptides.Therefore,the review underscores the emergent roles of ncRNAs as potent regulatory factors that significantly enrich the regulatory network governing plant growth,development,and responses to environmental stimuli.There are yet-to-be-discovered roles of ncRNAs waiting for us to explore.展开更多
Woody plants contribute to the stability and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems and are significantly affected by climate change.According to the concept of environmental hormesis,any environmental stressors can c...Woody plants contribute to the stability and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems and are significantly affected by climate change.According to the concept of environmental hormesis,any environmental stressors can cause hormesis,that is,stimulation in low doses and inhibition in high doses.Numerous studies have demonstrated plant hormesis under low doses of various abiotic stressors.However,the hormetic responses of woody plants to abiotic stressors from climate change are insufficiently studied.This review analyses data on the stimulating effects of low doses of climate stressors in experiments and in real ecosystems.Numerous laboratory and field experiments show that single and combined exposure to various climate stressors(temperature,humidity,and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations) can cause hormesis in various species and functional types of woody plants,which can be accompanied by hormetic trade-offs and preconditioning.In addition,there is evidence of climate hormesis in woody plants in ecosystem conditions.Field experiments in various ecosystems show that elevated temperatures and/or precipitation or elevated carbon dioxide concentrations causing hormesis in dominant tree species can stimulate ecosystem productivity.Moreover,climate hormesis of the growth and reproduction of dominant forest tree species contributes to the spread of forests,that is,climate-driven ecological succession.The main commonalities of climate hormesis in woody species include:(1) Low-dose climate stressors cause hormesis in woody plants when strong(limiting) stressors do not affect plants or these limiting stressors are mitigated by climate change.(2) Hormesis can occur with the direct impact of climatic stressors on trees and with the indirect impact of these stressors on plants through other parts of the ecosystem.(3)Climate stressor interactions(e.g.,synergism,antagonism)can affect hormesis.(4) Hormesis may disappear due to tree acclimatization with consequent changes in the range of tolerances to climate factors.This review highlights the need for targeted studies of climate hormesis in woody species and its role in the adaptation of forest ecosystems to climate change.展开更多
Clinical studies have suggested that internal and/or external aversive cues may produce a negative affective-motivational component whereby maladaptive responses(plasticity)of dural afferent neurons are initiated cont...Clinical studies have suggested that internal and/or external aversive cues may produce a negative affective-motivational component whereby maladaptive responses(plasticity)of dural afferent neurons are initiated contributing to migraine chronification.However,pathophysiological processes and neural circuitry involved in aversion(unpleasantness)-producing migraine chronification are still evolving.An interdisciplinary team conducted this narrative review aimed at reviewing neuronal plasticity for developing migraine chronicity and its relevant neurocircuits and providing the most cutting-edge information on neuronal mechanisms involved in the processing of affective aspects of pain and the role of unpleasantness evoked by internal and/or external cues in facilitating the chronification process of migraine headache.Thus,information presented in this review promotes the understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic migraine and contribution of unpleasantness(aversion)to migraine chronification.We hope that it will bring clinicians’attention to how the maladaptive neuroplasticity of the emotion brain in the aversive environment produces a significant impact on the chronification of migraine headache,which will in turn lead to new therapeutic strategies for this type of pain.展开更多
Lonicera japonica Thunb.is widely distributed in China.It has strong adaptability to the environment and can maintain normal growth and development under a variety of stress conditions.It is commonly used as a medicin...Lonicera japonica Thunb.is widely distributed in China.It has strong adaptability to the environment and can maintain normal growth and development under a variety of stress conditions.It is commonly used as a medicine with its dry flower buds or newly opened flowers,named honeysuckle,and with both economic value and ecological application value.The research progress of L.japonica Thunb.under stress conditions such as temperature,drought,light,salt,heavy metals and diseases,pests and endophytic bacteria was reviewed,and the current research situation of the physiological and biochemical response mechanism,changes of photosynthetic fluorescence and accumulation of secondary metabolites of honeysuckle under different stresses was discussed,so as to provide a reference for deep-level exploring the resistance mechanism of L.japonica Thunb.in the future and lay a theoretical foundation for the high-quality authentic ecological cultivation of L.japonica Thunb.展开更多
The gut microbiota has gained attention because of its importance in facilitating host survival and evolution.However,it is unclear whether gut microbial communities are determined by the host(heritable factor) or env...The gut microbiota has gained attention because of its importance in facilitating host survival and evolution.However,it is unclear whether gut microbial communities are determined by the host(heritable factor) or environment(environmental factor).In this study,we investigated the gut microbial communities and potential functional signatures of two sympatric species distributed along an elevation gradient,the toadheaded lizards Phrynocephalus axillaris and P.forsythii.Our results indicated that at high elevations,the gut microbial communities of P.axillaris and P.forsythii did not significantly differ,and the phylogenetic relationships of gut microbial communities contradicted their hosts.At low altitudes,the two lizards could be distinguished based on their significantly different gut microbial communities.Compared to low-altitude populations,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that at higher altitudes,energy metabolism,such as carbohydrate,lipid,and amino acids metabolism were higher in both lizards.While a larger number of pathogenic bacteria were found in the lowaltitude population of P.forsythii.This suggests that the convergence of gut microbiota of two lizards at highaltitude stem from environmental factors,as they were exposed to the same environmental stress,whereas the divergence at low-altitude stemmed from heritable factors,as they were exposed to different environmental stresses.These results provide a new perspective regarding whether heritable or environmental factors dominate the gut microbiota during exposure to environmental stress.展开更多
Environmental stress screening (ESS) is a technological process to reduce the costly early field failure of electronic components. This paper builds an optimization model for ESS of electronic components to obtain the...Environmental stress screening (ESS) is a technological process to reduce the costly early field failure of electronic components. This paper builds an optimization model for ESS of electronic components to obtain the optimal ESS duration. The failure phenomena of ESS are modeled by mixed distribution, and optimal ESS duration is defined by maximizing life-cycle cost savings under the condition of meeting reliability requirement.展开更多
Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli strains are becoming more common recently. OmpA is a very important antigen protein of E. coli, which consists of two separate domains, N-terminal and C-terminal domain. The N-ter...Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli strains are becoming more common recently. OmpA is a very important antigen protein of E. coli, which consists of two separate domains, N-terminal and C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domain contains eight β- barrel regions that plays important roles in the multifaceted functions of OmpA. In the present study, we cloned a mutant OmpA gene from a multi-antibiotic resistant E. coli strain. Sequence analysis indicated that the N-terminal DNA sequence of the mutant OmpA shared 81.05% homology with the modeled OmpA from E. coli K12 and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the mutant OmpA was 81.22% identical to that of the E. coli K12 OmpA. Moreover, several amino acids located in the β-barrel region were mutated. The mutant OmpA was expressed in BL21 suggested by SDS-PAGE. Resistance to environmental stress assay indicated that the N-terminus mutant OmpA still possessed excellent activities in pH, temperature and osmotic pressure resistance. Our pre- sent study may supply insights into better and deeper understand the relationships between OmpA N-terminal regions and its functions in environmental stress conditions and the mechanisms on antibiotic resistance of E. coli.展开更多
In order to evaluate the influence of stressed environments on hepatopancreatic cells of fre- shwater prawns, Macrobachium borellii Nobili, 1896 and Palaemonetes argentinus Nobili 1901, (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemoni...In order to evaluate the influence of stressed environments on hepatopancreatic cells of fre- shwater prawns, Macrobachium borellii Nobili, 1896 and Palaemonetes argentinus Nobili 1901, (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) were collected at three different aquatic environments with different relationship to urban development in Argentina. Furthermore the effects of several cypermethryn concentration on hepa- topancreatic cell of M. borellii and P. argentinus were evaluated in a laboratory assays. The “N°1” lake (Santa Fe Argentina) which is more affected by the anthropogenic pressure and “Don Felipe” lake which is still not strongly by human activities were the studied sites from the floodplain of Paranáriver. While Alejandra lake was the intermedia effects sites. Different damaged ultra-structures were found in F- and R-cells of prawns in the stressed lake. The predominant features were: disrupted the microvillous border, swelled mitochondria, reduction of endoplasmic reticulum, dyctiosomes, glycoproteins, desna-turalization of vacuole membrane and premature autolysis. Moreover the F-cell number was higher in the environment near to city than in the others sites. Similar effects were observed in the cypermethryn assays. The observations clearly indicate that the ultrastructure of midgut gland in the both palaemonids varies depending on the site from which animals are collected and the biocid presence. So, in this case it can be stated that the hepatopancreas histology of fre- shwater prawns is a good tool to monitor the impact of a stressed environment upon freshwater prawns.展开更多
Potato crop is the fourth main food crops in the world after maize, rice and wheat. It is characterized by specific temperature requirements and develops best at about 20°C. Forecasts of global warming prompt us ...Potato crop is the fourth main food crops in the world after maize, rice and wheat. It is characterized by specific temperature requirements and develops best at about 20°C. Forecasts of global warming prompt us to study the tolerance of potato genotypes to heat during the growing season. The aim of this work was to assess the response of chosen potato cultivars to high temperature during the different stages of plant growth under conditions of good soil moisture and drought. The impact of high temperature 32°C/25°C on potato plants was determined in pot experiment in three growth stages. A main measure of tolerance of the potato cultivars to high temperature during the growing season was an evaluation of the yield in relation to the Control combination. Here we demonstrated that tested potato cultivar’s response to high temperature during the growing season is dependent on the growth stage. The earlier it occurs, the more negative its impact on the growth and yield of potatoes is.展开更多
In order to evaluate the relationships between temporal species succession of planktonic protists and physical-chemical parameters in semi-enclosed mariculture waters, species distributions in response to environmenta...In order to evaluate the relationships between temporal species succession of planktonic protists and physical-chemical parameters in semi-enclosed mariculture waters, species distributions in response to environmental stress were investigated in a shrimp-farming pond near Qingdao, China during a complete shrimp-culture cycle (May to October 2002). A clear temporal succession in species distribution was found over the complete farming cycle. For example, before the introduction of the shrimp larvae there was low-variability of species distribution in the protist communities whereas during the stages immediately after, there was higher variability in species composition. Multiple linear/logistic regression analyses demonstrate that 12 protist taxa (e.g., Gyrodinium spirale, Teleaulax acuta, Prorocentrum spp. and Mesodinium pupula) were related to the nutrients, in particular ammonia and phosphates, alone or in combination with water temperature. These results suggest that temporal variations in species distribution of planktonic protist communities might be used in assessing water quality of semi-enclosed mariculture waters.展开更多
Multiplex environmental factors are generally expected to have significant effects on genetic diversity of plant populations.In this study,randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) technique was used to reveal the gene...Multiplex environmental factors are generally expected to have significant effects on genetic diversity of plant populations.In this study,randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) technique was used to reveal the genetic diversity in the same species of four populations collected from Niupidujuan(Rhododendron chrysanthum) at different altitudes,an endangered species,endemic to Northeast China.Initially,twenty informative and reproducible primers were chosen for final RAPD analysis.A total of 152 clear bands were obtained,including 143 polymorphic ones.With the help of POPGENE software,the poly rate was calculated to be 94.07% and the evenness of amplified bands for every primer was 6.8.Additionally,the mean observed number of alleles was 1.7265 with an effective number of 1.3608.An examination of the gene indicated a diversity of 0.2162 with an information diversity index of 0.3313.For these data,the clustering blurred analysis was performed with the aid of NTSYS-pc software to define the Nei's gene diversity and the Shannon information diversity index of the four plant populations.The relationships between the genetic diversity indexes on the one hand and the geographic and climatic factors on the other hand were estimated by the Pearson correlation with SPSS 11.0 software.The results of the correlation analysis show that there were significant(P<0.05) or highly significant(P<0.01) correlations between each of the genetic diversity indexes and the different temperature which were mainly caused by the altitude different populations located.These data highlight the importance of native populations in shaping the spatial genetic structure in Niupidujuan.展开更多
The aim of this review is to present some aspects of environmental stress effect on reproduction of farm animals. It describes the following: neuroendocrinology of stress, types of stress, stress characteristics in th...The aim of this review is to present some aspects of environmental stress effect on reproduction of farm animals. It describes the following: neuroendocrinology of stress, types of stress, stress characteristics in the reproductive process and recommendations for control environmental stress. Stress is the result of confinement and an ambitious vision and uncaring by the man, who is in the interest of improving production, has participated unconsciously, by manipulating animal production in its way, even trying to tame new species, impossible to adapt to our environment healthy. At present, it has been concluded that stress is one of the environmental factors that affect handling and decrease the production of livestock, it is considered that the main factor which should be controlled in units animal production, since it is closely related to pathogens and infectious agents that may try to the health of animals. Finally, some recommendations are outlined to lessen stress for heat, by handling and by feeding.展开更多
[Objective]The study aimed to analyze the eco-environmental stress trend of Inner Mongolia using ecological stress index method.[Method]On the basis of the improved ecological stress index(ESI) analysis method,the eco...[Objective]The study aimed to analyze the eco-environmental stress trend of Inner Mongolia using ecological stress index method.[Method]On the basis of the improved ecological stress index(ESI) analysis method,the eco-environmental stress trend of Inner Mongolia from 1996 to 2009 was analyzed,as well as the changes of eco-environmental stress in major industrial cities of Inner Mongolia in 2008.[Result]With the economic development of Inner Mongolia from 1996 to 2009,the U-shape change could be found in the eco-environmental stress,showing an upward trend on the whole,especially since 2003,and there was a sharp raise in the environmental pollution index.In addition,the eco-environmental stress lessened in most major cities of Inner Mongolian in 2008,but it was in a polarization state,that is,Baotou,Wuhai and Hohhot biased resource and energy consumption,while Ordos and Chifeng biased environmental pollution.[Conclusion]The research could provide scientific references for the protection of ecological environment and the adjustment of industrial structure in Inner Mongolia.展开更多
The environmental stress cracking resistance of halloysite nanoclay-polyester nanocomposites was investigated using fracture mechanics approach. The incorporation of halloysite nanoclay was found to improve the enviro...The environmental stress cracking resistance of halloysite nanoclay-polyester nanocomposites was investigated using fracture mechanics approach. The incorporation of halloysite nanoclay was found to improve the environmental stress cracking resistance of the nano-composites. The storage modulus of nano-composites measured by dynamic mechanical analysis increased remarkably as a function of halloysite nanoclay content. At 0.7 wt% nanoclay, the Tg improved from 72°C to 76°C. The fracture toughness increased up to 33% and time to failure improved 155% with the addition of 0.7 wt% of halloysite nanoclay. The maximum microhardness was found 119% higher for the same nano-filler concentration compared to monolithic polyester. The reinforcement with 1 wt% showed lower fracture toughness due to agglomerations of nanoclay which act as flaws. The presence of agglomerates weakened the bond between nano-particles and matrix hence reduces the environmental stress cracking resistance by halloysite nanoclay reinforcement.展开更多
Sap flow and environmental conditions were monitored at two Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake) plantations at Hetou and Jijia, located in Leizhou, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province. It was found that daily sap fl...Sap flow and environmental conditions were monitored at two Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake) plantations at Hetou and Jijia, located in Leizhou, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province. It was found that daily sap flux density (SFD) of Eucalyptus was closely related to daily atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (R^2=0.76, P=0.01 at Hetou and R^2=0.7021, P=0.01 at Jijia) at both sites. No significant relationship existed between daily SFD and mean daily air temperature at both sites. Daily SFD varied with wind speed Y=-17585X^3+15147X^2-1250.7X+2278.4 (R^2=0.68; P=0.01) at Hetou and Y=-101.67X^3-1.65X^2-376.4X+1914.8(R^2=0.40, P=0.05) at Jijia, where Ywas daily SFD, Xwas daily wind speed. Experimental observations yielded the following data: (1) the critical lower and upper daily VPD threshold were 0 and 2kPa, within which daily SFD varied from 540±70L/(m^2·d) to 4739±115L/(m^2·d) at Hetou site, from 397±26L/(m^2·d) to 3414±191L/(m^2·d) at Jijia site; (2) Diurnal SFDs at Hetou site were much higher under low relative humidity (<30%) and slightly lower under high relative humidity (>80%) compared with those at the Jijia site; (3) The upper and lower threshold of daily and diurnal RAD for the optimal water use of E. urophylla plantations were 18±2.7 and 2±1MJ/(m^2·d), 669 and 0J/(cm^2·h) during the observation period.展开更多
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is highly regarded for its transparency, and is used in such products as cameras and Video Tape Recorders as plastic lenses to take advantage of its excellent optical properties. Also, it...Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is highly regarded for its transparency, and is used in such products as cameras and Video Tape Recorders as plastic lenses to take advantage of its excellent optical properties. Also, it is used in numerous other industrial fields like automobile lamp lenses, billboards, and lighting equipment. The phenomenon of environmental stress cracking is known to occur in PMMA due to ethanol, and there are cases when this may become a factor which causes damage of molded products. In the present paper, upon close observation by using the method of chemiluminescence in order to elucidate the mechanism by which this environmental stress cracking occurs, we report that we are able to capture the formation of a radical at the moment of cracking.展开更多
Resurrection fern has a unique ability to maintain cell wall integrity when the plant cell is desiccated. It uses proteins such as late embryogenesis proteins and heat shock proteins to maintain their cellular functio...Resurrection fern has a unique ability to maintain cell wall integrity when the plant cell is desiccated. It uses proteins such as late embryogenesis proteins and heat shock proteins to maintain their cellular functions. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effects of environmental stressors on the physiological response of the resurrection fern (Pleopeltis polypodioides). The physiological response of resurrection fern plants was subjected to various temperatures (-50°C, 0°C, 25°C, and 50°C) for 7 days. Results indicated that there was a significant difference between hydrated and desiccated ferns based on the temperature. Additionally, electrolyte leakage measurements confirmed cell damage following exposure to temperature extremes of -50°C and 50°C.展开更多
Environmental toxicants are ubiquitous,and many are known to cause harmful health effects.However,much of what we know or think we know concerning the targets and long-term effects of exposure to environmental stresso...Environmental toxicants are ubiquitous,and many are known to cause harmful health effects.However,much of what we know or think we know concerning the targets and long-term effects of exposure to environmental stressors is sadly lacking.Toxicant exposure may have health effects that are currently mischaracterized or at least mechanistically incompletely understood.While much of the recent excitement about stem cells(SCs)focuses on their potential as therapeutic agents,they also offer a valuable resource to give us insight into the mechanisms and risks of toxicant effects.Not only as a response to the increasing ethical pressure to reduce animal testing,SC studies allow us valuable insight into the true effects of human exposure to environmental stressors under controlled conditions.We present a review of the history of publications on the effects of environmental stressors on SCs,followed by a consolidation of the literature over the past five years on a subset of key environmental stressors of importance to human health and their effects on both embryonic and tissue SCs.The review will make constructive suggestions as to areas of toxicant research where further studies are needed,as well as making indications of the potential utility for advancing knowledge and directing research on environmental toxicology.展开更多
In a bid to enhance the integrity and health of selected network of ecosystems and effectively manage them in Sierra Leone, a baseline assessment of butterfly diversity of two wetland ecosystems Mamunta Mayosso Wildli...In a bid to enhance the integrity and health of selected network of ecosystems and effectively manage them in Sierra Leone, a baseline assessment of butterfly diversity of two wetland ecosystems Mamunta Mayosso Wildlife Santuary (MMWS) and Sierra Leone River Estuary (SLRE) affected by different environmental stressors was undertaken as part of the Sierra Leone Wetland Conservation Project (SLWCP). We hypothesised that different environmental stressors affect butterfly communities in wetlands in Sierra Leone and the higher the stress the lower the butterfly diversity in an area. Sampling was conducted via field identification by wing patterns, flight mode, direct counts along transects and charaxes trapping. A total of 2300 individuals representing 95 species of butterflies were recorded. Though butterflies were evenly distributed at both sites, MMWS recorded the highest richness and abundance of butterflies during both seasons. This observation is reported to be because of high environmental stressors such as mining, agriculture and pollution from factories in the SLRE. The results further show that MMWS is made up of a mosaic of different vegetation patches that support higher diversity of butterfly species. This study also reveals that anthropogenic activities have a negative impact on butterfly diversity.展开更多
Oxidative stress is a critial condition derived from the imbalance between the genention of reactive oxygen species and the sophisticated network of antioidant mechanisms.Several pollut ants and envronmental factors c...Oxidative stress is a critial condition derived from the imbalance between the genention of reactive oxygen species and the sophisticated network of antioidant mechanisms.Several pollut ants and envronmental factors can afet this system through connected mechanisms,indirect relationships,and cascade effects from pre-transcriptional to catalytic level,by either enhancing intracellular ROS formation or impairing antioxidant defenses.This review summariaces the current kmnowledge on the pro oxidant challenges from emerging environmental stressors threatening marine organisms,such as pharmaceutials microplastics and dimate related ocean changes.Emphasis will be placed on oxidative pathways,including signaling proteins and transcription factors involved in regulation of antioxidant responsiveness.Mechanistic insights and lack of knowdedge will be pointed out by presenting single and combined efects of multiple stessors,unraveling questions to be adresed by future resarch in marine ectoicology.展开更多
基金This review was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD2100101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China to G.Z.(Grant No.32302623)+1 种基金the Joint NSFC-ISF Research Program(Grant No.32061143022)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.32172639).
文摘With the advent of advanced sequencing technologies,non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are increasingly pivotal and play highly regulated roles in the modulation of diverse aspects of plant growth and stress response.This includes a spectrum of ncRNA classes,ranging from small RNAs to long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs).Notably,among these,lncRNAs emerge as significant and intricate components within the broader ncRNA regulatory networks.Here,we categorize ncRNAs based on their length and structure into small RNAs,medium-sized ncRNAs,lncRNAs,and circle RNAs.Furthermore,the review delves into the detailed biosynthesis and origin of these ncRNAs.Subsequently,we emphasize the diverse regulatory mechanisms employed by lncRNAs that are located at various gene regions of coding genes,embodying promoters,5’UTRs,introns,exons,and 3’UTR regions.Furthermore,we elucidate these regulatory modes through one or two concrete examples.Besides,lncRNAs have emerged as novel central components that participate in phase separation processes.Moreover,we illustrate the coordinated regulatory mechanisms among lncRNAs,miRNAs,and siRNAs with a particular emphasis on the central role of lncRNAs in serving as sponges,precursors,spliceosome,stabilization,scaffolds,or interaction factors to bridge interactions with other ncRNAs.The review also sheds light on the intriguing possibility that some ncRNAs may encode functional micropeptides.Therefore,the review underscores the emergent roles of ncRNAs as potent regulatory factors that significantly enrich the regulatory network governing plant growth,development,and responses to environmental stimuli.There are yet-to-be-discovered roles of ncRNAs waiting for us to explore.
文摘Woody plants contribute to the stability and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems and are significantly affected by climate change.According to the concept of environmental hormesis,any environmental stressors can cause hormesis,that is,stimulation in low doses and inhibition in high doses.Numerous studies have demonstrated plant hormesis under low doses of various abiotic stressors.However,the hormetic responses of woody plants to abiotic stressors from climate change are insufficiently studied.This review analyses data on the stimulating effects of low doses of climate stressors in experiments and in real ecosystems.Numerous laboratory and field experiments show that single and combined exposure to various climate stressors(temperature,humidity,and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations) can cause hormesis in various species and functional types of woody plants,which can be accompanied by hormetic trade-offs and preconditioning.In addition,there is evidence of climate hormesis in woody plants in ecosystem conditions.Field experiments in various ecosystems show that elevated temperatures and/or precipitation or elevated carbon dioxide concentrations causing hormesis in dominant tree species can stimulate ecosystem productivity.Moreover,climate hormesis of the growth and reproduction of dominant forest tree species contributes to the spread of forests,that is,climate-driven ecological succession.The main commonalities of climate hormesis in woody species include:(1) Low-dose climate stressors cause hormesis in woody plants when strong(limiting) stressors do not affect plants or these limiting stressors are mitigated by climate change.(2) Hormesis can occur with the direct impact of climatic stressors on trees and with the indirect impact of these stressors on plants through other parts of the ecosystem.(3)Climate stressor interactions(e.g.,synergism,antagonism)can affect hormesis.(4) Hormesis may disappear due to tree acclimatization with consequent changes in the range of tolerances to climate factors.This review highlights the need for targeted studies of climate hormesis in woody species and its role in the adaptation of forest ecosystems to climate change.
基金Supported by The Science and Technology Department of Yibin,No.2016YZY004.
文摘Clinical studies have suggested that internal and/or external aversive cues may produce a negative affective-motivational component whereby maladaptive responses(plasticity)of dural afferent neurons are initiated contributing to migraine chronification.However,pathophysiological processes and neural circuitry involved in aversion(unpleasantness)-producing migraine chronification are still evolving.An interdisciplinary team conducted this narrative review aimed at reviewing neuronal plasticity for developing migraine chronicity and its relevant neurocircuits and providing the most cutting-edge information on neuronal mechanisms involved in the processing of affective aspects of pain and the role of unpleasantness evoked by internal and/or external cues in facilitating the chronification process of migraine headache.Thus,information presented in this review promotes the understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic migraine and contribution of unpleasantness(aversion)to migraine chronification.We hope that it will bring clinicians’attention to how the maladaptive neuroplasticity of the emotion brain in the aversive environment produces a significant impact on the chronification of migraine headache,which will in turn lead to new therapeutic strategies for this type of pain.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program(2017YFC1701503)National Nature Science Foundation of China(81872963)。
文摘Lonicera japonica Thunb.is widely distributed in China.It has strong adaptability to the environment and can maintain normal growth and development under a variety of stress conditions.It is commonly used as a medicine with its dry flower buds or newly opened flowers,named honeysuckle,and with both economic value and ecological application value.The research progress of L.japonica Thunb.under stress conditions such as temperature,drought,light,salt,heavy metals and diseases,pests and endophytic bacteria was reviewed,and the current research situation of the physiological and biochemical response mechanism,changes of photosynthetic fluorescence and accumulation of secondary metabolites of honeysuckle under different stresses was discussed,so as to provide a reference for deep-level exploring the resistance mechanism of L.japonica Thunb.in the future and lay a theoretical foundation for the high-quality authentic ecological cultivation of L.japonica Thunb.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31471988 and N0.31200287)。
文摘The gut microbiota has gained attention because of its importance in facilitating host survival and evolution.However,it is unclear whether gut microbial communities are determined by the host(heritable factor) or environment(environmental factor).In this study,we investigated the gut microbial communities and potential functional signatures of two sympatric species distributed along an elevation gradient,the toadheaded lizards Phrynocephalus axillaris and P.forsythii.Our results indicated that at high elevations,the gut microbial communities of P.axillaris and P.forsythii did not significantly differ,and the phylogenetic relationships of gut microbial communities contradicted their hosts.At low altitudes,the two lizards could be distinguished based on their significantly different gut microbial communities.Compared to low-altitude populations,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that at higher altitudes,energy metabolism,such as carbohydrate,lipid,and amino acids metabolism were higher in both lizards.While a larger number of pathogenic bacteria were found in the lowaltitude population of P.forsythii.This suggests that the convergence of gut microbiota of two lizards at highaltitude stem from environmental factors,as they were exposed to the same environmental stress,whereas the divergence at low-altitude stemmed from heritable factors,as they were exposed to different environmental stresses.These results provide a new perspective regarding whether heritable or environmental factors dominate the gut microbiota during exposure to environmental stress.
文摘Environmental stress screening (ESS) is a technological process to reduce the costly early field failure of electronic components. This paper builds an optimization model for ESS of electronic components to obtain the optimal ESS duration. The failure phenomena of ESS are modeled by mixed distribution, and optimal ESS duration is defined by maximizing life-cycle cost savings under the condition of meeting reliability requirement.
文摘Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli strains are becoming more common recently. OmpA is a very important antigen protein of E. coli, which consists of two separate domains, N-terminal and C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domain contains eight β- barrel regions that plays important roles in the multifaceted functions of OmpA. In the present study, we cloned a mutant OmpA gene from a multi-antibiotic resistant E. coli strain. Sequence analysis indicated that the N-terminal DNA sequence of the mutant OmpA shared 81.05% homology with the modeled OmpA from E. coli K12 and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the mutant OmpA was 81.22% identical to that of the E. coli K12 OmpA. Moreover, several amino acids located in the β-barrel region were mutated. The mutant OmpA was expressed in BL21 suggested by SDS-PAGE. Resistance to environmental stress assay indicated that the N-terminus mutant OmpA still possessed excellent activities in pH, temperature and osmotic pressure resistance. Our pre- sent study may supply insights into better and deeper understand the relationships between OmpA N-terminal regions and its functions in environmental stress conditions and the mechanisms on antibiotic resistance of E. coli.
文摘In order to evaluate the influence of stressed environments on hepatopancreatic cells of fre- shwater prawns, Macrobachium borellii Nobili, 1896 and Palaemonetes argentinus Nobili 1901, (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) were collected at three different aquatic environments with different relationship to urban development in Argentina. Furthermore the effects of several cypermethryn concentration on hepa- topancreatic cell of M. borellii and P. argentinus were evaluated in a laboratory assays. The “N°1” lake (Santa Fe Argentina) which is more affected by the anthropogenic pressure and “Don Felipe” lake which is still not strongly by human activities were the studied sites from the floodplain of Paranáriver. While Alejandra lake was the intermedia effects sites. Different damaged ultra-structures were found in F- and R-cells of prawns in the stressed lake. The predominant features were: disrupted the microvillous border, swelled mitochondria, reduction of endoplasmic reticulum, dyctiosomes, glycoproteins, desna-turalization of vacuole membrane and premature autolysis. Moreover the F-cell number was higher in the environment near to city than in the others sites. Similar effects were observed in the cypermethryn assays. The observations clearly indicate that the ultrastructure of midgut gland in the both palaemonids varies depending on the site from which animals are collected and the biocid presence. So, in this case it can be stated that the hepatopancreas histology of fre- shwater prawns is a good tool to monitor the impact of a stressed environment upon freshwater prawns.
文摘Potato crop is the fourth main food crops in the world after maize, rice and wheat. It is characterized by specific temperature requirements and develops best at about 20°C. Forecasts of global warming prompt us to study the tolerance of potato genotypes to heat during the growing season. The aim of this work was to assess the response of chosen potato cultivars to high temperature during the different stages of plant growth under conditions of good soil moisture and drought. The impact of high temperature 32°C/25°C on potato plants was determined in pot experiment in three growth stages. A main measure of tolerance of the potato cultivars to high temperature during the growing season was an evaluation of the yield in relation to the Control combination. Here we demonstrated that tested potato cultivar’s response to high temperature during the growing season is dependent on the growth stage. The earlier it occurs, the more negative its impact on the growth and yield of potatoes is.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 40676076 and 700069a post-doctoral fellowship of Inha University and a grant from the Center of Excellence in Biodiversity Research, King Saud University
文摘In order to evaluate the relationships between temporal species succession of planktonic protists and physical-chemical parameters in semi-enclosed mariculture waters, species distributions in response to environmental stress were investigated in a shrimp-farming pond near Qingdao, China during a complete shrimp-culture cycle (May to October 2002). A clear temporal succession in species distribution was found over the complete farming cycle. For example, before the introduction of the shrimp larvae there was low-variability of species distribution in the protist communities whereas during the stages immediately after, there was higher variability in species composition. Multiple linear/logistic regression analyses demonstrate that 12 protist taxa (e.g., Gyrodinium spirale, Teleaulax acuta, Prorocentrum spp. and Mesodinium pupula) were related to the nutrients, in particular ammonia and phosphates, alone or in combination with water temperature. These results suggest that temporal variations in species distribution of planktonic protist communities might be used in assessing water quality of semi-enclosed mariculture waters.
基金Supported by the Project of Development and Reform Commission of Jilin Province,China
文摘Multiplex environmental factors are generally expected to have significant effects on genetic diversity of plant populations.In this study,randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) technique was used to reveal the genetic diversity in the same species of four populations collected from Niupidujuan(Rhododendron chrysanthum) at different altitudes,an endangered species,endemic to Northeast China.Initially,twenty informative and reproducible primers were chosen for final RAPD analysis.A total of 152 clear bands were obtained,including 143 polymorphic ones.With the help of POPGENE software,the poly rate was calculated to be 94.07% and the evenness of amplified bands for every primer was 6.8.Additionally,the mean observed number of alleles was 1.7265 with an effective number of 1.3608.An examination of the gene indicated a diversity of 0.2162 with an information diversity index of 0.3313.For these data,the clustering blurred analysis was performed with the aid of NTSYS-pc software to define the Nei's gene diversity and the Shannon information diversity index of the four plant populations.The relationships between the genetic diversity indexes on the one hand and the geographic and climatic factors on the other hand were estimated by the Pearson correlation with SPSS 11.0 software.The results of the correlation analysis show that there were significant(P<0.05) or highly significant(P<0.01) correlations between each of the genetic diversity indexes and the different temperature which were mainly caused by the altitude different populations located.These data highlight the importance of native populations in shaping the spatial genetic structure in Niupidujuan.
文摘The aim of this review is to present some aspects of environmental stress effect on reproduction of farm animals. It describes the following: neuroendocrinology of stress, types of stress, stress characteristics in the reproductive process and recommendations for control environmental stress. Stress is the result of confinement and an ambitious vision and uncaring by the man, who is in the interest of improving production, has participated unconsciously, by manipulating animal production in its way, even trying to tame new species, impossible to adapt to our environment healthy. At present, it has been concluded that stress is one of the environmental factors that affect handling and decrease the production of livestock, it is considered that the main factor which should be controlled in units animal production, since it is closely related to pathogens and infectious agents that may try to the health of animals. Finally, some recommendations are outlined to lessen stress for heat, by handling and by feeding.
文摘[Objective]The study aimed to analyze the eco-environmental stress trend of Inner Mongolia using ecological stress index method.[Method]On the basis of the improved ecological stress index(ESI) analysis method,the eco-environmental stress trend of Inner Mongolia from 1996 to 2009 was analyzed,as well as the changes of eco-environmental stress in major industrial cities of Inner Mongolia in 2008.[Result]With the economic development of Inner Mongolia from 1996 to 2009,the U-shape change could be found in the eco-environmental stress,showing an upward trend on the whole,especially since 2003,and there was a sharp raise in the environmental pollution index.In addition,the eco-environmental stress lessened in most major cities of Inner Mongolian in 2008,but it was in a polarization state,that is,Baotou,Wuhai and Hohhot biased resource and energy consumption,while Ordos and Chifeng biased environmental pollution.[Conclusion]The research could provide scientific references for the protection of ecological environment and the adjustment of industrial structure in Inner Mongolia.
文摘The environmental stress cracking resistance of halloysite nanoclay-polyester nanocomposites was investigated using fracture mechanics approach. The incorporation of halloysite nanoclay was found to improve the environmental stress cracking resistance of the nano-composites. The storage modulus of nano-composites measured by dynamic mechanical analysis increased remarkably as a function of halloysite nanoclay content. At 0.7 wt% nanoclay, the Tg improved from 72°C to 76°C. The fracture toughness increased up to 33% and time to failure improved 155% with the addition of 0.7 wt% of halloysite nanoclay. The maximum microhardness was found 119% higher for the same nano-filler concentration compared to monolithic polyester. The reinforcement with 1 wt% showed lower fracture toughness due to agglomerations of nanoclay which act as flaws. The presence of agglomerates weakened the bond between nano-particles and matrix hence reduces the environmental stress cracking resistance by halloysite nanoclay reinforcement.
基金Project supported by Knowledge Innovation Funds from Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. KSCX2-SW-120, KZCX1-SW-01-01A3)the Key Project of Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (No. 010567), China Author for correspondence
文摘Sap flow and environmental conditions were monitored at two Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake) plantations at Hetou and Jijia, located in Leizhou, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province. It was found that daily sap flux density (SFD) of Eucalyptus was closely related to daily atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (R^2=0.76, P=0.01 at Hetou and R^2=0.7021, P=0.01 at Jijia) at both sites. No significant relationship existed between daily SFD and mean daily air temperature at both sites. Daily SFD varied with wind speed Y=-17585X^3+15147X^2-1250.7X+2278.4 (R^2=0.68; P=0.01) at Hetou and Y=-101.67X^3-1.65X^2-376.4X+1914.8(R^2=0.40, P=0.05) at Jijia, where Ywas daily SFD, Xwas daily wind speed. Experimental observations yielded the following data: (1) the critical lower and upper daily VPD threshold were 0 and 2kPa, within which daily SFD varied from 540±70L/(m^2·d) to 4739±115L/(m^2·d) at Hetou site, from 397±26L/(m^2·d) to 3414±191L/(m^2·d) at Jijia site; (2) Diurnal SFDs at Hetou site were much higher under low relative humidity (<30%) and slightly lower under high relative humidity (>80%) compared with those at the Jijia site; (3) The upper and lower threshold of daily and diurnal RAD for the optimal water use of E. urophylla plantations were 18±2.7 and 2±1MJ/(m^2·d), 669 and 0J/(cm^2·h) during the observation period.
文摘Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is highly regarded for its transparency, and is used in such products as cameras and Video Tape Recorders as plastic lenses to take advantage of its excellent optical properties. Also, it is used in numerous other industrial fields like automobile lamp lenses, billboards, and lighting equipment. The phenomenon of environmental stress cracking is known to occur in PMMA due to ethanol, and there are cases when this may become a factor which causes damage of molded products. In the present paper, upon close observation by using the method of chemiluminescence in order to elucidate the mechanism by which this environmental stress cracking occurs, we report that we are able to capture the formation of a radical at the moment of cracking.
文摘Resurrection fern has a unique ability to maintain cell wall integrity when the plant cell is desiccated. It uses proteins such as late embryogenesis proteins and heat shock proteins to maintain their cellular functions. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effects of environmental stressors on the physiological response of the resurrection fern (Pleopeltis polypodioides). The physiological response of resurrection fern plants was subjected to various temperatures (-50°C, 0°C, 25°C, and 50°C) for 7 days. Results indicated that there was a significant difference between hydrated and desiccated ferns based on the temperature. Additionally, electrolyte leakage measurements confirmed cell damage following exposure to temperature extremes of -50°C and 50°C.
基金Supported by the Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors Grant from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,No.P30 ES020957
文摘Environmental toxicants are ubiquitous,and many are known to cause harmful health effects.However,much of what we know or think we know concerning the targets and long-term effects of exposure to environmental stressors is sadly lacking.Toxicant exposure may have health effects that are currently mischaracterized or at least mechanistically incompletely understood.While much of the recent excitement about stem cells(SCs)focuses on their potential as therapeutic agents,they also offer a valuable resource to give us insight into the mechanisms and risks of toxicant effects.Not only as a response to the increasing ethical pressure to reduce animal testing,SC studies allow us valuable insight into the true effects of human exposure to environmental stressors under controlled conditions.We present a review of the history of publications on the effects of environmental stressors on SCs,followed by a consolidation of the literature over the past five years on a subset of key environmental stressors of importance to human health and their effects on both embryonic and tissue SCs.The review will make constructive suggestions as to areas of toxicant research where further studies are needed,as well as making indications of the potential utility for advancing knowledge and directing research on environmental toxicology.
文摘In a bid to enhance the integrity and health of selected network of ecosystems and effectively manage them in Sierra Leone, a baseline assessment of butterfly diversity of two wetland ecosystems Mamunta Mayosso Wildlife Santuary (MMWS) and Sierra Leone River Estuary (SLRE) affected by different environmental stressors was undertaken as part of the Sierra Leone Wetland Conservation Project (SLWCP). We hypothesised that different environmental stressors affect butterfly communities in wetlands in Sierra Leone and the higher the stress the lower the butterfly diversity in an area. Sampling was conducted via field identification by wing patterns, flight mode, direct counts along transects and charaxes trapping. A total of 2300 individuals representing 95 species of butterflies were recorded. Though butterflies were evenly distributed at both sites, MMWS recorded the highest richness and abundance of butterflies during both seasons. This observation is reported to be because of high environmental stressors such as mining, agriculture and pollution from factories in the SLRE. The results further show that MMWS is made up of a mosaic of different vegetation patches that support higher diversity of butterfly species. This study also reveals that anthropogenic activities have a negative impact on butterfly diversity.
文摘Oxidative stress is a critial condition derived from the imbalance between the genention of reactive oxygen species and the sophisticated network of antioidant mechanisms.Several pollut ants and envronmental factors can afet this system through connected mechanisms,indirect relationships,and cascade effects from pre-transcriptional to catalytic level,by either enhancing intracellular ROS formation or impairing antioxidant defenses.This review summariaces the current kmnowledge on the pro oxidant challenges from emerging environmental stressors threatening marine organisms,such as pharmaceutials microplastics and dimate related ocean changes.Emphasis will be placed on oxidative pathways,including signaling proteins and transcription factors involved in regulation of antioxidant responsiveness.Mechanistic insights and lack of knowdedge will be pointed out by presenting single and combined efects of multiple stessors,unraveling questions to be adresed by future resarch in marine ectoicology.
