Usually, Chinese EFL students make satisfactory progress in reading, grammar and writing. However, it is very difficult for them to transmit messages, exchange thoughts in English. I conducted a questionnaire in Inner...Usually, Chinese EFL students make satisfactory progress in reading, grammar and writing. However, it is very difficult for them to transmit messages, exchange thoughts in English. I conducted a questionnaire in Inner Mongolia Teachers’ University and found out that when the students come to speak English, they tend to appear frustrated, lack confidence on the grounds of fear of making errors, which may be closely related to the teachers’ attitudes towards students’ errors. Therefore, it is essential for English teachers to have proper attitudes to errors in English teaching. The paper discusses some important strategies on whether, when and how speaking errors should be corrected based on some researchers’ views and on a small scale of experiment for the purpose of helping teachers deal with students’ errors effectively in communication.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of different error treatments—overt correction and self-correction—on the usage of English tenses of Thai undergraduate students. Both treatments were given through CALL. Levels o...This study investigated the effects of different error treatments—overt correction and self-correction—on the usage of English tenses of Thai undergraduate students. Both treatments were given through CALL. Levels of the students (High, Moderate, and Low) served as a moderator variable. The study was conducted with 219 first-year undergraduates of Huachiew Chalermprakiet University in a 2x3 factorial design. At the beginning of the study, all subjects were pre-tested by using the Test of English Tenses Usage (TETU) developed by the researcher. After they completed 9 CALL lessons in 3 weeks, the post-test was conducted. Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and descriptive statistics were used to analyze and to explain the data. Results showed that the error treatment factor did not have a significant effect on the usage of tenses while the level factor did. The interaction effect between the treatment and the level was not found. The three tenses that showed the highest percentage of correct answers: Simple Present, Present Continuous, and Past Continuous, while the most difficult tenses for them were Present Perfect and Past Perfect.展开更多
A radiotherapy treatment margin formula has been analytically derived when a standard deviation (SD) of systematic positioning errors Ʃis relatively small compared to an SD of random positioning errors &s...A radiotherapy treatment margin formula has been analytically derived when a standard deviation (SD) of systematic positioning errors Ʃis relatively small compared to an SD of random positioning errors σ. The margin formula for 0 ≤ Ʃ≤ σwas calculated by linearly interpolating two boundaries at Ʃ= 0 and Ʃ= σ, assuming that the van Herk margin approximation of k1Ʃ+ k2σis valid at Ʃ= σ. It was shown that a margin formula for 0 ≤ Ʃ≤ σmay be approximated by k1σ+ k2Ʃ, leading to a more general form of k1 max(Ʃ,σ) + k2 min(Ʃ,σ) which is a piecewise linear approximation for any values of Ʃand σ.展开更多
Based on the requirements of college English curriculum,college students should have natural and fluent pronunciation and intonation in their oral English.Students’ability to communicate successfully has become an ul...Based on the requirements of college English curriculum,college students should have natural and fluent pronunciation and intonation in their oral English.Students’ability to communicate successfully has become an ultimate goal for schools.Therefore,to make some requirements on English teachers’correction strategies toward students’oral errors in the procedure of teaching becomes necessary.Through researching,analyzing the listed examples and making an investigation,the author finds out that there are some problems in English teachers’attitudes and treatment toward college students’oral errors.The author hopes that her analyses and findings could help the teachers to conduct a more appropriate correction strategies which may be helpful for the teachers to manage their classrooms effectively,thus to eliminate the frustrating feelings of the students and to facilitate an efficient interaction between the teachers and the students.展开更多
Myopia is a significant public health problem and its prevalence is increasing over time and genetic factors in disease development are important. The prevalence and incidence of myopia within sampled population often...Myopia is a significant public health problem and its prevalence is increasing over time and genetic factors in disease development are important. The prevalence and incidence of myopia within sampled population often varies with age, country, sec race, ethnicity, occupation, environment, and other factors. Myopia growth is under a combination of genes and their products in time and space to complete the coordination role of the guidance. Myopia-related genes include about 70 genetic loci to which primary myopias have been mapped, although the number is constantly increasing and depends to some extent on definition. Of these, several are associated with additional abnormalities, mostly as part of developmental syndromes. These tend to result from mutations in genes encoding transcriptional activators, and most of these have been identified by sequencing candidate genes in patients with developmental anomalies. Currently, collagen alpha-1 chain of type I(COL1A1), collagen alpha-1 chain of type II(COL2A1), actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1 (ACTC1), paired box gene 6 (PAX6) and NIPBL (nipped-B homolog), and so on have been mapped. Myopia is most commonly treated with spectacles or glasses. The most common surgical procedure performed to correct myopia is laser keratomileusis (LASIK). This review of the recent advances on epidemiology, genetic locations and treatments of myopia are summarized.展开更多
In refractive surgery, the cubic spline fit for the transition zone breaks down for myopia and myopic meridians in mixed astigmatism as in many cases the cubic spline function runs into negative values. In this paper,...In refractive surgery, the cubic spline fit for the transition zone breaks down for myopia and myopic meridians in mixed astigmatism as in many cases the cubic spline function runs into negative values. In this paper, the complementary error function is proposed instead of the cubic spline function as the transition zone function, due to the availability of analytical expression of its derivatives and the nonnegativity fact. It is shown that with the use of the complementary error function, transition zones for all refractive types work correctly.展开更多
文摘Usually, Chinese EFL students make satisfactory progress in reading, grammar and writing. However, it is very difficult for them to transmit messages, exchange thoughts in English. I conducted a questionnaire in Inner Mongolia Teachers’ University and found out that when the students come to speak English, they tend to appear frustrated, lack confidence on the grounds of fear of making errors, which may be closely related to the teachers’ attitudes towards students’ errors. Therefore, it is essential for English teachers to have proper attitudes to errors in English teaching. The paper discusses some important strategies on whether, when and how speaking errors should be corrected based on some researchers’ views and on a small scale of experiment for the purpose of helping teachers deal with students’ errors effectively in communication.
文摘This study investigated the effects of different error treatments—overt correction and self-correction—on the usage of English tenses of Thai undergraduate students. Both treatments were given through CALL. Levels of the students (High, Moderate, and Low) served as a moderator variable. The study was conducted with 219 first-year undergraduates of Huachiew Chalermprakiet University in a 2x3 factorial design. At the beginning of the study, all subjects were pre-tested by using the Test of English Tenses Usage (TETU) developed by the researcher. After they completed 9 CALL lessons in 3 weeks, the post-test was conducted. Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and descriptive statistics were used to analyze and to explain the data. Results showed that the error treatment factor did not have a significant effect on the usage of tenses while the level factor did. The interaction effect between the treatment and the level was not found. The three tenses that showed the highest percentage of correct answers: Simple Present, Present Continuous, and Past Continuous, while the most difficult tenses for them were Present Perfect and Past Perfect.
文摘A radiotherapy treatment margin formula has been analytically derived when a standard deviation (SD) of systematic positioning errors Ʃis relatively small compared to an SD of random positioning errors σ. The margin formula for 0 ≤ Ʃ≤ σwas calculated by linearly interpolating two boundaries at Ʃ= 0 and Ʃ= σ, assuming that the van Herk margin approximation of k1Ʃ+ k2σis valid at Ʃ= σ. It was shown that a margin formula for 0 ≤ Ʃ≤ σmay be approximated by k1σ+ k2Ʃ, leading to a more general form of k1 max(Ʃ,σ) + k2 min(Ʃ,σ) which is a piecewise linear approximation for any values of Ʃand σ.
文摘Based on the requirements of college English curriculum,college students should have natural and fluent pronunciation and intonation in their oral English.Students’ability to communicate successfully has become an ultimate goal for schools.Therefore,to make some requirements on English teachers’correction strategies toward students’oral errors in the procedure of teaching becomes necessary.Through researching,analyzing the listed examples and making an investigation,the author finds out that there are some problems in English teachers’attitudes and treatment toward college students’oral errors.The author hopes that her analyses and findings could help the teachers to conduct a more appropriate correction strategies which may be helpful for the teachers to manage their classrooms effectively,thus to eliminate the frustrating feelings of the students and to facilitate an efficient interaction between the teachers and the students.
文摘Myopia is a significant public health problem and its prevalence is increasing over time and genetic factors in disease development are important. The prevalence and incidence of myopia within sampled population often varies with age, country, sec race, ethnicity, occupation, environment, and other factors. Myopia growth is under a combination of genes and their products in time and space to complete the coordination role of the guidance. Myopia-related genes include about 70 genetic loci to which primary myopias have been mapped, although the number is constantly increasing and depends to some extent on definition. Of these, several are associated with additional abnormalities, mostly as part of developmental syndromes. These tend to result from mutations in genes encoding transcriptional activators, and most of these have been identified by sequencing candidate genes in patients with developmental anomalies. Currently, collagen alpha-1 chain of type I(COL1A1), collagen alpha-1 chain of type II(COL2A1), actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1 (ACTC1), paired box gene 6 (PAX6) and NIPBL (nipped-B homolog), and so on have been mapped. Myopia is most commonly treated with spectacles or glasses. The most common surgical procedure performed to correct myopia is laser keratomileusis (LASIK). This review of the recent advances on epidemiology, genetic locations and treatments of myopia are summarized.
文摘In refractive surgery, the cubic spline fit for the transition zone breaks down for myopia and myopic meridians in mixed astigmatism as in many cases the cubic spline function runs into negative values. In this paper, the complementary error function is proposed instead of the cubic spline function as the transition zone function, due to the availability of analytical expression of its derivatives and the nonnegativity fact. It is shown that with the use of the complementary error function, transition zones for all refractive types work correctly.
