An important problem in management of the case with myasthenia gravis (MG) is the control of exacerbation. There are several possible causes of exacerbation of MG including the use of drug. Here, the authors report a ...An important problem in management of the case with myasthenia gravis (MG) is the control of exacerbation. There are several possible causes of exacerbation of MG including the use of drug. Here, the authors report a case of MG exacerbation and diarrhea associated with erythromycin treatment.展开更多
AIM: To determine the effect of oral erythromycin on gastric and small bowel transit time of capsule endoscopy.METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent capsule endoscopy du ring the 16-mo study period were either g...AIM: To determine the effect of oral erythromycin on gastric and small bowel transit time of capsule endoscopy.METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent capsule endoscopy du ring the 16-mo study period were either given 250 mg oral erythromycin, 1 h prior to swallowing the capsule endoscope or nothing. The gastric and small bowel transit time, and the small bowel image quality were compared.RESULTS: Twenty-four patients received oral erythromycin whereas 14 patients were not given any prokinetic agent.Patients who received erythromycin had a significantly lower gastric transit time than control (16 min vs70 min, P= 0.005),whereas the small bowel transit time was comparable between the two groups (227 min vs183 min, P = 0.18).Incomplete small bowel examination was found in three patients of the control group and in one patient of the erythromycin group. There was no significant difference in the overall quality of small bowel images between the two groups. A marked reduction in gastric transit time was noted in two patients who had repeat capsule endoscopy after oral erythromycin.CONCLUSION: Use of oral erythromycin significantly reduces the gastric transit time of capsule endoscopy.展开更多
AIM: To compare the effect of oral erythromycin vs no preparation with prokinetics on the transit time and the image quality of capsule endoscopy (CE) in evaluating small bowel (SB) pathology. METHODS: We conducted a ...AIM: To compare the effect of oral erythromycin vs no preparation with prokinetics on the transit time and the image quality of capsule endoscopy (CE) in evaluating small bowel (SB) pathology. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, blinded (to the type of preparation) review of 100 CE studies, 50 with no preparation with prokinetics from one medical center (Group A) and 50 from another center with administration of a single dose of 200 mg oral erythromycin 1 h prior to CE (Group B). Gastric, SB and total transit times were calculated, the presence of bile in the duodenum was scored, as was cleanliness within the proximal, middle and distal intestine. RESULTS: The erythromycin group had a slightly shorter gastric transit time (21 min vs 28 min, with no statistical significance). SB transit time was similar for both groups (all P > 0.05). Total transit time was almost identical in both groups. The rate of incomplete examination was 16% for Group A and 10% for Group B (P = 0.37). Bile and cleanliness scores in different parts of the intestine were similar for the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Preparation for capsule endoscopy with erythromycin does not affect SB or total transit time. It tends to reduce gastric transit time, but it does not increase the cecum-reaching rate. Erythromycin does not adversely affect image quality. We consider the routine use of oral erythromycin preparation as being unjustified, although it might be considered in patients with known prolonged gastric emptying time.展开更多
Deoxo 6 deoxy 6,9 epoxy 9,9 a didehydro 9 a aza 9 a homoerythromycin A (1), 9 deoxo 11 deoxy 9,11 epoxy 9,9 a didehydro 9 a aza 9 a homoerythromycin A (2) and 9 a aza 9 a homoerythromycin cyclic lactam (3) were synthe...Deoxo 6 deoxy 6,9 epoxy 9,9 a didehydro 9 a aza 9 a homoerythromycin A (1), 9 deoxo 11 deoxy 9,11 epoxy 9,9 a didehydro 9 a aza 9 a homoerythromycin A (2) and 9 a aza 9 a homoerythromycin cyclic lactam (3) were synthesized by the Beckmann rearrangement of erythromycin A 9 (E) oxime (4). The structures of compounds (1), (2) and (3) have been identified by their spectral data. The reaction mechanism was also discussed. The yield of the Beckmann rearrangement of compounds (4) was better than that reported in literatures.展开更多
Blank and erythromycin-loaded gelatin microspheres were successfully fabricated via emulsion chemical- crosslinking technique. The surface morphology of the microspheres was characterized by scanning electron microsco...Blank and erythromycin-loaded gelatin microspheres were successfully fabricated via emulsion chemical- crosslinking technique. The surface morphology of the microspheres was characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and optical microscope. The results show that the microspheres were spherical and smooth. The particle average size of erythromycin-loaded microspheres was found to be 20.6 μm, with a high purity of more than 90% and with a good dispersibility. The microspheres could be obtained in a high yield. Erythromycin released from the microspheres was monitored in buffer and artificial body fluid at 37 °C. Average drug content was 27.2%, and erythromycin-loaded gelatin microspheres showed good release profiles with a nearly constant release during 4―8 h in artificial body fluid in vitro degradation studies. These gelatin microspheres are useful for studying and developing various drug-delivery systems.展开更多
Ten new erythromycin antibacterial agents containing amidino group were designed and synthesized from erythromycin via oximation, reduction and condensation. Their structures were confirmed by MS and 13C NMR; the synt...Ten new erythromycin antibacterial agents containing amidino group were designed and synthesized from erythromycin via oximation, reduction and condensation. Their structures were confirmed by MS and 13C NMR; the synthetic condition(reaction medium)was explored; and their in vtiro antibacterial activities were tested. Compound HMA-3 showed antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus, which is equivalent to that of erythromycin A. Compounds HMA-8 and HMA-4 also showed an antibacterial activitiy. But no compound showed bactericidal activity.展开更多
The comparative process for preparing 9-oxime erythromycin A (EMAO) is investigated. EMAO was synthesized and compared by the reaction of erythromycin and hydroxylamine hydrochloride with various bases such as sodium ...The comparative process for preparing 9-oxime erythromycin A (EMAO) is investigated. EMAO was synthesized and compared by the reaction of erythromycin and hydroxylamine hydrochloride with various bases such as sodium acetate, triethylamine, etc. A new synthetic method is established. The oximation is performed under dynamic buffer system; less degradation impurities are formed. The yield of EMAO reaches more than 95%, HPLC analysis shows that the purity of EMAO is more than 90%, and the E/Z isomeric ratio preponderates over 7∶1.展开更多
Erythromycin as a new chiral selector was first used for chrial separation of four derivatives of biphenyldimethylester enantiomers on CE. The influence of pH, the chiral selector concentration and organic modifiers w...Erythromycin as a new chiral selector was first used for chrial separation of four derivatives of biphenyldimethylester enantiomers on CE. The influence of pH, the chiral selector concentration and organic modifiers were preliminarily studied. Experiments show that the erythromycin as chiral selector is useful to CE.展开更多
文摘An important problem in management of the case with myasthenia gravis (MG) is the control of exacerbation. There are several possible causes of exacerbation of MG including the use of drug. Here, the authors report a case of MG exacerbation and diarrhea associated with erythromycin treatment.
文摘AIM: To determine the effect of oral erythromycin on gastric and small bowel transit time of capsule endoscopy.METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent capsule endoscopy du ring the 16-mo study period were either given 250 mg oral erythromycin, 1 h prior to swallowing the capsule endoscope or nothing. The gastric and small bowel transit time, and the small bowel image quality were compared.RESULTS: Twenty-four patients received oral erythromycin whereas 14 patients were not given any prokinetic agent.Patients who received erythromycin had a significantly lower gastric transit time than control (16 min vs70 min, P= 0.005),whereas the small bowel transit time was comparable between the two groups (227 min vs183 min, P = 0.18).Incomplete small bowel examination was found in three patients of the control group and in one patient of the erythromycin group. There was no significant difference in the overall quality of small bowel images between the two groups. A marked reduction in gastric transit time was noted in two patients who had repeat capsule endoscopy after oral erythromycin.CONCLUSION: Use of oral erythromycin significantly reduces the gastric transit time of capsule endoscopy.
文摘AIM: To compare the effect of oral erythromycin vs no preparation with prokinetics on the transit time and the image quality of capsule endoscopy (CE) in evaluating small bowel (SB) pathology. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, blinded (to the type of preparation) review of 100 CE studies, 50 with no preparation with prokinetics from one medical center (Group A) and 50 from another center with administration of a single dose of 200 mg oral erythromycin 1 h prior to CE (Group B). Gastric, SB and total transit times were calculated, the presence of bile in the duodenum was scored, as was cleanliness within the proximal, middle and distal intestine. RESULTS: The erythromycin group had a slightly shorter gastric transit time (21 min vs 28 min, with no statistical significance). SB transit time was similar for both groups (all P > 0.05). Total transit time was almost identical in both groups. The rate of incomplete examination was 16% for Group A and 10% for Group B (P = 0.37). Bile and cleanliness scores in different parts of the intestine were similar for the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Preparation for capsule endoscopy with erythromycin does not affect SB or total transit time. It tends to reduce gastric transit time, but it does not increase the cecum-reaching rate. Erythromycin does not adversely affect image quality. We consider the routine use of oral erythromycin preparation as being unjustified, although it might be considered in patients with known prolonged gastric emptying time.
文摘Deoxo 6 deoxy 6,9 epoxy 9,9 a didehydro 9 a aza 9 a homoerythromycin A (1), 9 deoxo 11 deoxy 9,11 epoxy 9,9 a didehydro 9 a aza 9 a homoerythromycin A (2) and 9 a aza 9 a homoerythromycin cyclic lactam (3) were synthesized by the Beckmann rearrangement of erythromycin A 9 (E) oxime (4). The structures of compounds (1), (2) and (3) have been identified by their spectral data. The reaction mechanism was also discussed. The yield of the Beckmann rearrangement of compounds (4) was better than that reported in literatures.
基金Supported by the National Key Grant of Transgene of China(NoJY03-B-16-02)
文摘Blank and erythromycin-loaded gelatin microspheres were successfully fabricated via emulsion chemical- crosslinking technique. The surface morphology of the microspheres was characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and optical microscope. The results show that the microspheres were spherical and smooth. The particle average size of erythromycin-loaded microspheres was found to be 20.6 μm, with a high purity of more than 90% and with a good dispersibility. The microspheres could be obtained in a high yield. Erythromycin released from the microspheres was monitored in buffer and artificial body fluid at 37 °C. Average drug content was 27.2%, and erythromycin-loaded gelatin microspheres showed good release profiles with a nearly constant release during 4―8 h in artificial body fluid in vitro degradation studies. These gelatin microspheres are useful for studying and developing various drug-delivery systems.
文摘Ten new erythromycin antibacterial agents containing amidino group were designed and synthesized from erythromycin via oximation, reduction and condensation. Their structures were confirmed by MS and 13C NMR; the synthetic condition(reaction medium)was explored; and their in vtiro antibacterial activities were tested. Compound HMA-3 showed antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus, which is equivalent to that of erythromycin A. Compounds HMA-8 and HMA-4 also showed an antibacterial activitiy. But no compound showed bactericidal activity.
文摘The comparative process for preparing 9-oxime erythromycin A (EMAO) is investigated. EMAO was synthesized and compared by the reaction of erythromycin and hydroxylamine hydrochloride with various bases such as sodium acetate, triethylamine, etc. A new synthetic method is established. The oximation is performed under dynamic buffer system; less degradation impurities are formed. The yield of EMAO reaches more than 95%, HPLC analysis shows that the purity of EMAO is more than 90%, and the E/Z isomeric ratio preponderates over 7∶1.
文摘Erythromycin as a new chiral selector was first used for chrial separation of four derivatives of biphenyldimethylester enantiomers on CE. The influence of pH, the chiral selector concentration and organic modifiers were preliminarily studied. Experiments show that the erythromycin as chiral selector is useful to CE.
