The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)into healthcare research promises unprecedented advancements in medical diagnostics,treatment personalization,and patient care management.However,these innovations also br...The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)into healthcare research promises unprecedented advancements in medical diagnostics,treatment personalization,and patient care management.However,these innovations also bring forth significant ethical challenges that must be addressed to maintain public trust,ensure patient safety,and uphold data integrity.This article sets out to introduce a detailed framework designed to steer governance and offer a systematic method for assuring that AI applications in healthcare research are developed and executed with integrity and adherence to medical research ethics.展开更多
For effective nursing practice,it is essential to have a strong foundation in ethical principles and a shared understanding of nursing and caring concepts.Emphasizing compassion in nursing is crucial.This study aimed ...For effective nursing practice,it is essential to have a strong foundation in ethical principles and a shared understanding of nursing and caring concepts.Emphasizing compassion in nursing is crucial.This study aimed to elucidate the core ideals of compassion,ethics,and care in nursing practice.Nurses can foster a deeper sense of personal significance in their caregiving relationships by demonstrating attentiveness,openness,and respect and treating each patient as an individual.Through self-reflection,nurses can develop a greater understanding of nursing,compassion,and ethical principles within the caregiving context.This reflective practice enables nurses to connect more profoundly with their patients,enhancing the quality of care.By integrating these core ideals into their practice,nurses not only improve patient outcomes but also find greater personal fulfilment in their professional roles.Thus,cultivating compassion and ethical awareness is fundamental to the holistic and effective practice of nursing.展开更多
Ethics and governance are vital to the healthy and sustainable development of artificial intelligence(AI).With the long-term goal of keeping AI beneficial to human society,governments,research organizations,and compan...Ethics and governance are vital to the healthy and sustainable development of artificial intelligence(AI).With the long-term goal of keeping AI beneficial to human society,governments,research organizations,and companies in China have published ethical guidelines and principles for AI,and have launched projects to develop AI governance technologies.This paper presents a survey of these efforts and highlights the preliminary outcomes in China.It also describes the major research challenges in AI governance research and discusses future research directions.展开更多
Case description:Nurses face more and more ethical dilemmas during their practice nowadays,especially when they are taking care of the patient at end of life stage.The case study demonstrates an ethical dilemma when n...Case description:Nurses face more and more ethical dilemmas during their practice nowadays,especially when they are taking care of the patient at end of life stage.The case study demonstrates an ethical dilemma when nursing staff are taking care of an end stage aggressive prostate cancer patient Mr Green who expressed the suicide thoughts to one of the nurses and ask that nurse keep secret for him in Brisbane,QLD,Australia.Ethical dilemma identification:The ethical dilemma is identified as“if the nursing staff should tell other health care team members about patient's suicide attempt without patient's consent”.Analysis:To better solving this case and making the best moral decision,the ethical theory,the ethical principles and the Australian nurses'code of ethics values statement,the associated literature relative with this case are analyzed before the decision making.Ethical decision making:After consider all of the above factors,in this case,the best ethical decision for the patient is that the nurse share the information of Mr Green's suicide attempt with other health care professionals.Results:In Mr Green's case,the nurse chose to share the information of Mr Green's suicide attempt with other health care professionals.The nursing team followed the self-harm and suicide protocol of the hospital strictly,they maintained the effective communication with Mr Green,identified the factors which cause patient's suicide attempt,provided the appropriate nursing intervention to deal will these risk factors and collaborated with other health care professionals to prefect the further care.The patient transferred to a palliative care service with no sign of suicide attempt and other self-harm behaviors and passed away peacefully 76 days after discharged with his relatives and pastors accompany.展开更多
1.Introduction Eating disorders(ED)are the most common psychiatric disorders afflicting young women^1 and contribute to great detriments in psychological,social,and physical health.^(2,3)Unfortunately,ED treatments te...1.Introduction Eating disorders(ED)are the most common psychiatric disorders afflicting young women^1 and contribute to great detriments in psychological,social,and physical health.^(2,3)Unfortunately,ED treatments tend to be long lasting,intensive,and expensive.~4Additionally,individuals with ED seeking treatment use healthcare services more frequently than non-ED individu-展开更多
The latest achievements in the field of pancreas transplantation and stem cell therapy require an effort by the scientific community to clarify the ethical implications of pioneering treatments,often characterized by ...The latest achievements in the field of pancreas transplantation and stem cell therapy require an effort by the scientific community to clarify the ethical implications of pioneering treatments,often characterized by high complexity from a surgical point of view,due to transplantation of multiple organs at the same time or at different times,and from an immunological point of view for stem cell therapy.The fundamental value in the field of organ transplants is,of course,a solidarity principle,namely that of protecting the health and life of people for whom transplantation is a condition of functional recovery,or even of survival.The nature of this value is that of a concept to which the legal discipline of transplants entrusts its own ethical dignity and for which it has ensured a constitutional recognition in different systems.The general principle of respect for human life,both of the donor and of the recipient,evokes the need not to put oneself and one’s neighbor in dangerous conditions.The present ethical reflection aims to find a balance between the latest therapeutic advances and several concepts including the idea of the person,the respect due to the dead,the voluntary nature of the donation and the consent to the same,the gratuitousness of the donation,the scientific progress and the development of surgical techniques,and the policies of health promotion.展开更多
In the paper, application of modem biotech was summarized and accompanying ethical problems were highlighted. In addition, four basic principles for modem biotech development were proposed.
Managing the university in the context of ethics is one of many elements in the management of this specific organization. The task of university is functioning based on universal values, mission, vision, ethical codes...Managing the university in the context of ethics is one of many elements in the management of this specific organization. The task of university is functioning based on universal values, mission, vision, ethical codes, and responsibility and worthy behavior towards internal and external environment. In the era of globalization and constant changes, only a modernly managed higher education institution, acting according to principles of ethics, is able to meet requirements of surroundings. Behaviors of academic community should promote ethical actions in higher education institutions. It should be noted that the reputation, prestige in higher education, should also be based on the proceedings consistent with ethics.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct the research on ethical principles of enterprise human resources and performance management. After entering the 21 st century, great changes have taken place in the human society, began to tu...In this paper, we conduct the research on ethical principles of enterprise human resources and performance management. After entering the 21 st century, great changes have taken place in the human society, began to turn industrial economic era to knowledge economic era, Global economic integration and to raise the level of competition makes any organization has to make full use of all their resources to ensure its survival and development. As an important organizational resource of the human resources has been more and more attention. Western countries as the most developed country in the world, is also the birthplace of the human resources management related theory and application of the more successful, select an object to the west as the comparison of the Chinese, to promote the improvement of Chinese enterprise human resources management is of great significance. Therefore, we conduct research on the topics which holds special meaning.展开更多
Ethical concerns about stem cell-based research have delayed important advances in many areas of medicine,including cardiology.The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)has supplanted the need to use hu...Ethical concerns about stem cell-based research have delayed important advances in many areas of medicine,including cardiology.The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)has supplanted the need to use human stem cells for most purposes,thus eliminating all ethical controversies.Since then,many new avenues have been opened in cardiology research,not only in approaches to tissue replacement but also in the design and testing of antiarrhythmic drugs.This methodology has advanced to the point where induced human cardiomyocyte cell lines can now also be obtained from commercial sources or tissue banks.Initial studies with readily available iPSCs have generally confirmed that their behavioral characteristics accurately predict the behavior of beating cardiomyocytes in vivo.As a result,iPSCs can provide new ways to study arrhythmias and heart disease in general,accelerating the development of new,more effective antiarrhythmic drugs,clinical diagnoses,and personalized medical care.The focus on producing cardiomyocytes that can be used to replace damaged heart tissue has somewhat diverted interest in a host of other applications.This manuscript is intended to provide non-specialists with a brief introduction and overview of the research carried out in the field of heart rhythm disorders.展开更多
This work is focused on ＂patient-oriented care＂, which belongs to modem style of health care including nursing. Such health care emphasises holistic approach with focus on communication, partnership, ethic aspects o...This work is focused on ＂patient-oriented care＂, which belongs to modem style of health care including nursing. Such health care emphasises holistic approach with focus on communication, partnership, ethic aspects of human interactions and which supports active collaboration between the patient and also his/her family and the nursing staff. In Czech scientific literature the term ＂patient-oriented care＂ is rarely encountered. Single given definition found for this topic was present in legal norm bulletin The Concept of Czech Nursing [1] which was however defined as care focused on patient problems not on care connected treatments. International literature had therefore to be addressed. Question remains whether patient-oriented care is even possible in practice when it is basically omitted from Czech scientific literature. The aim of this research was to define the term ＂patient-oriented care＂ based on historical point of view, its characteristics and sources from Czech and international literature and try and apply such care in new nursing methods of approach. This research was conducted on theoretical level. Method of analysing review documents and analytically comparative approach were applied. The total 83 scientific publications were analysed with 55 reviews, 22 articles and 6 virtual sources. The area of interest was defined to include forms of application of patient-oriented care in nursing history, the characteristics of patient-oriented care in Czech and international literature, necessary conditions for successful use of patient-oriented care and novel methods of approaching patient-oriented care. We found that contrary to the Czech Republic US has established patient-oriented care as one of the pivotal research subjects onto which much interest is focused and which is frequently being published. There is an established project in Austria focused on implementation of the concept of patient-oriented care into public health care. In the Czech Republic this term is only mentioned in the legislative decree, together with the method of nursing process but not used in practice. Due to absence or broader application of patient-oriented care approach in the Czech Republic and in order to make this approach more effective, further education on this approach has been introduced in the form of life-long education. The way the newly acquired knowledge is implemented in practice must be the subject of further research. The trend of the new approach toward the patient-oriented care should inspire further focus on education and care provision including nursing. The necessity for a change is felt particularly in the current intense argument on the insufficient numbers of general nurses and the levels of their qualification education in this country. Better agreement should be reached regarding evaluation of patient-oriented care to ensure it really is conducted in order to benefit the patient.展开更多
Biotechnology policies and regulations must be revised and updated to reflect the most recent advances in plantbreeding technology. New Plant Breeding Techniques(NPBT) such as gene editing have been applied to address...Biotechnology policies and regulations must be revised and updated to reflect the most recent advances in plantbreeding technology. New Plant Breeding Techniques(NPBT) such as gene editing have been applied to address the myriad of challenges in plant breeding, while the use of NPBT as emerging biotechnological tools raises legal and ethical concerns. This study aims to highlight how gene editing is operationalized in the existing literature and examine the critical issues of ethical and legal issues of gene editing for plant breeding. We carried out a systematic literature review(SLR) to provide the current states of ethical and legal discourses surrounding this topic. We also identified critical research priority areas and policy gaps that must be addressed when designing the future governance of gene editing in plant breeding.展开更多
文摘The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)into healthcare research promises unprecedented advancements in medical diagnostics,treatment personalization,and patient care management.However,these innovations also bring forth significant ethical challenges that must be addressed to maintain public trust,ensure patient safety,and uphold data integrity.This article sets out to introduce a detailed framework designed to steer governance and offer a systematic method for assuring that AI applications in healthcare research are developed and executed with integrity and adherence to medical research ethics.
文摘For effective nursing practice,it is essential to have a strong foundation in ethical principles and a shared understanding of nursing and caring concepts.Emphasizing compassion in nursing is crucial.This study aimed to elucidate the core ideals of compassion,ethics,and care in nursing practice.Nurses can foster a deeper sense of personal significance in their caregiving relationships by demonstrating attentiveness,openness,and respect and treating each patient as an individual.Through self-reflection,nurses can develop a greater understanding of nursing,compassion,and ethical principles within the caregiving context.This reflective practice enables nurses to connect more profoundly with their patients,enhancing the quality of care.By integrating these core ideals into their practice,nurses not only improve patient outcomes but also find greater personal fulfilment in their professional roles.Thus,cultivating compassion and ethical awareness is fundamental to the holistic and effective practice of nursing.
文摘Ethics and governance are vital to the healthy and sustainable development of artificial intelligence(AI).With the long-term goal of keeping AI beneficial to human society,governments,research organizations,and companies in China have published ethical guidelines and principles for AI,and have launched projects to develop AI governance technologies.This paper presents a survey of these efforts and highlights the preliminary outcomes in China.It also describes the major research challenges in AI governance research and discusses future research directions.
文摘Case description:Nurses face more and more ethical dilemmas during their practice nowadays,especially when they are taking care of the patient at end of life stage.The case study demonstrates an ethical dilemma when nursing staff are taking care of an end stage aggressive prostate cancer patient Mr Green who expressed the suicide thoughts to one of the nurses and ask that nurse keep secret for him in Brisbane,QLD,Australia.Ethical dilemma identification:The ethical dilemma is identified as“if the nursing staff should tell other health care team members about patient's suicide attempt without patient's consent”.Analysis:To better solving this case and making the best moral decision,the ethical theory,the ethical principles and the Australian nurses'code of ethics values statement,the associated literature relative with this case are analyzed before the decision making.Ethical decision making:After consider all of the above factors,in this case,the best ethical decision for the patient is that the nurse share the information of Mr Green's suicide attempt with other health care professionals.Results:In Mr Green's case,the nurse chose to share the information of Mr Green's suicide attempt with other health care professionals.The nursing team followed the self-harm and suicide protocol of the hospital strictly,they maintained the effective communication with Mr Green,identified the factors which cause patient's suicide attempt,provided the appropriate nursing intervention to deal will these risk factors and collaborated with other health care professionals to prefect the further care.The patient transferred to a palliative care service with no sign of suicide attempt and other self-harm behaviors and passed away peacefully 76 days after discharged with his relatives and pastors accompany.
文摘1.Introduction Eating disorders(ED)are the most common psychiatric disorders afflicting young women^1 and contribute to great detriments in psychological,social,and physical health.^(2,3)Unfortunately,ED treatments tend to be long lasting,intensive,and expensive.~4Additionally,individuals with ED seeking treatment use healthcare services more frequently than non-ED individu-
文摘The latest achievements in the field of pancreas transplantation and stem cell therapy require an effort by the scientific community to clarify the ethical implications of pioneering treatments,often characterized by high complexity from a surgical point of view,due to transplantation of multiple organs at the same time or at different times,and from an immunological point of view for stem cell therapy.The fundamental value in the field of organ transplants is,of course,a solidarity principle,namely that of protecting the health and life of people for whom transplantation is a condition of functional recovery,or even of survival.The nature of this value is that of a concept to which the legal discipline of transplants entrusts its own ethical dignity and for which it has ensured a constitutional recognition in different systems.The general principle of respect for human life,both of the donor and of the recipient,evokes the need not to put oneself and one’s neighbor in dangerous conditions.The present ethical reflection aims to find a balance between the latest therapeutic advances and several concepts including the idea of the person,the respect due to the dead,the voluntary nature of the donation and the consent to the same,the gratuitousness of the donation,the scientific progress and the development of surgical techniques,and the policies of health promotion.
文摘In the paper, application of modem biotech was summarized and accompanying ethical problems were highlighted. In addition, four basic principles for modem biotech development were proposed.
文摘Managing the university in the context of ethics is one of many elements in the management of this specific organization. The task of university is functioning based on universal values, mission, vision, ethical codes, and responsibility and worthy behavior towards internal and external environment. In the era of globalization and constant changes, only a modernly managed higher education institution, acting according to principles of ethics, is able to meet requirements of surroundings. Behaviors of academic community should promote ethical actions in higher education institutions. It should be noted that the reputation, prestige in higher education, should also be based on the proceedings consistent with ethics.
文摘In this paper, we conduct the research on ethical principles of enterprise human resources and performance management. After entering the 21 st century, great changes have taken place in the human society, began to turn industrial economic era to knowledge economic era, Global economic integration and to raise the level of competition makes any organization has to make full use of all their resources to ensure its survival and development. As an important organizational resource of the human resources has been more and more attention. Western countries as the most developed country in the world, is also the birthplace of the human resources management related theory and application of the more successful, select an object to the west as the comparison of the Chinese, to promote the improvement of Chinese enterprise human resources management is of great significance. Therefore, we conduct research on the topics which holds special meaning.
文摘Ethical concerns about stem cell-based research have delayed important advances in many areas of medicine,including cardiology.The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)has supplanted the need to use human stem cells for most purposes,thus eliminating all ethical controversies.Since then,many new avenues have been opened in cardiology research,not only in approaches to tissue replacement but also in the design and testing of antiarrhythmic drugs.This methodology has advanced to the point where induced human cardiomyocyte cell lines can now also be obtained from commercial sources or tissue banks.Initial studies with readily available iPSCs have generally confirmed that their behavioral characteristics accurately predict the behavior of beating cardiomyocytes in vivo.As a result,iPSCs can provide new ways to study arrhythmias and heart disease in general,accelerating the development of new,more effective antiarrhythmic drugs,clinical diagnoses,and personalized medical care.The focus on producing cardiomyocytes that can be used to replace damaged heart tissue has somewhat diverted interest in a host of other applications.This manuscript is intended to provide non-specialists with a brief introduction and overview of the research carried out in the field of heart rhythm disorders.
文摘This work is focused on ＂patient-oriented care＂, which belongs to modem style of health care including nursing. Such health care emphasises holistic approach with focus on communication, partnership, ethic aspects of human interactions and which supports active collaboration between the patient and also his/her family and the nursing staff. In Czech scientific literature the term ＂patient-oriented care＂ is rarely encountered. Single given definition found for this topic was present in legal norm bulletin The Concept of Czech Nursing [1] which was however defined as care focused on patient problems not on care connected treatments. International literature had therefore to be addressed. Question remains whether patient-oriented care is even possible in practice when it is basically omitted from Czech scientific literature. The aim of this research was to define the term ＂patient-oriented care＂ based on historical point of view, its characteristics and sources from Czech and international literature and try and apply such care in new nursing methods of approach. This research was conducted on theoretical level. Method of analysing review documents and analytically comparative approach were applied. The total 83 scientific publications were analysed with 55 reviews, 22 articles and 6 virtual sources. The area of interest was defined to include forms of application of patient-oriented care in nursing history, the characteristics of patient-oriented care in Czech and international literature, necessary conditions for successful use of patient-oriented care and novel methods of approaching patient-oriented care. We found that contrary to the Czech Republic US has established patient-oriented care as one of the pivotal research subjects onto which much interest is focused and which is frequently being published. There is an established project in Austria focused on implementation of the concept of patient-oriented care into public health care. In the Czech Republic this term is only mentioned in the legislative decree, together with the method of nursing process but not used in practice. Due to absence or broader application of patient-oriented care approach in the Czech Republic and in order to make this approach more effective, further education on this approach has been introduced in the form of life-long education. The way the newly acquired knowledge is implemented in practice must be the subject of further research. The trend of the new approach toward the patient-oriented care should inspire further focus on education and care provision including nursing. The necessity for a change is felt particularly in the current intense argument on the insufficient numbers of general nurses and the levels of their qualification education in this country. Better agreement should be reached regarding evaluation of patient-oriented care to ensure it really is conducted in order to benefit the patient.
基金supported by the Ministry of Higher Education(MoHE)Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(No.FRGS/1/2021/SS0/UM/02/6)the Universiti Malaya Research University Grant(No.RU004A-2020).
文摘Biotechnology policies and regulations must be revised and updated to reflect the most recent advances in plantbreeding technology. New Plant Breeding Techniques(NPBT) such as gene editing have been applied to address the myriad of challenges in plant breeding, while the use of NPBT as emerging biotechnological tools raises legal and ethical concerns. This study aims to highlight how gene editing is operationalized in the existing literature and examine the critical issues of ethical and legal issues of gene editing for plant breeding. We carried out a systematic literature review(SLR) to provide the current states of ethical and legal discourses surrounding this topic. We also identified critical research priority areas and policy gaps that must be addressed when designing the future governance of gene editing in plant breeding.
