Rooftop greening not only has ecological benefits such as energy savings, water conservation and air quality improvement but also has aesthetic and social benefits, especially for the rooftops of commercial complexes,...Rooftop greening not only has ecological benefits such as energy savings, water conservation and air quality improvement but also has aesthetic and social benefits, especially for the rooftops of commercial complexes, which should meet people’s demand for beauty while satisfying sustainable urban development. In this paper, 80 samples of ten commercial rooftops in five old urban areas of Chengdu, China, were selected as the research objects, and the beauty values of different roof types and different plant community types were quantified by the aesthetic evaluation method, and the factors influencing the beauty values were investigated. The results showed that the highest average SBE value was for plant ornamental roofs (0.635), followed by recreational roofs (0.080), and the lowest average SBE value was for sports and fitness (-0.555);Mixed needle-broad communities had the greatest average SBE value (0.330), followed by mixed bamboo-broad communities (0.094), while pure bamboo forests had the lowest average SBE value (-0.716). The rooftop plant community’s aesthetic value was highly significant and correlated positively with the type of roof, the community’s growth type, its vertical structure, and the number of plants in the community.展开更多
Cultivated land is an important natural resource to ensure food,ecological and economic security.The cultivated land quality evaluation(CQE)is greatly significant for protecting and managing cultivated land.In this st...Cultivated land is an important natural resource to ensure food,ecological and economic security.The cultivated land quality evaluation(CQE)is greatly significant for protecting and managing cultivated land.In this study,320 counties in the black soil region of Northeast China(BSRNC)represent the research units used to construct the CQE system measuring the soil properties(SP),cultivated land productivity(CLP),ecological environment(EE)and social economy(SE).The total of 19 factors were selected to calculate the integrated fertility index(IFI)and divided into grades.Simultaneously,we used the coupling coordination degree model to comprehensively analyze the spatial pattern of the cultivated land quality(CLQ)in the BSRNC,and use the structural equation model(SEM)to analyze the driving mechanism.The results show the following:1)The CLQ of 262 counties in the BSRNC is in a state of coupling and coordination,and the coupling and coordination degree presents a spatial distribution pattern of‘high in the southwest and northeast,low in the northwest and southeast’.The coordinated development degree of 271 counties is between 0.4 and 0.6,which is in a transitional state between coordination and disorder.2)The CLQ in the BSRNC is generally good,with an average grade of 3.High-quality cultivated land accounts for 58.45%of all counties,middle-and upper-quality cultivated land accounts for 27.05%,and poor-quality cultivated land accounts for 14.49%.3)The SEM analysis shows that the SP,CLP,EE,and SE all influence the CLQ.Among them,the SP has the largest driving force on the CLQ,while the SE has the smallest driving force on it.The results confirm that the main factors affecting the evaluation results are crop productivity level,normalized difference vegetation index,ratio vegetation index,difference vegetation index,and organic carbon content.When implementing protection measures in counties with a low CLQ,considering a balanced coordination of multiple systems and reasonably controlling the quality degradation are important.This study provides the current situation and driving factors of the CLQ in the BSRNC and will play an important role in black soil governance and utilization.展开更多
In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid(Mal), oxalic acid(Oxa), citric acid(Cit), lact...In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid(Mal), oxalic acid(Oxa), citric acid(Cit), lactic acid(Lac), succinic acid(Suc), fumaric acid(Fum), total organic acids(To A, the sum of the six organic acids tested), titratable acid(TiA), acidity value(AcV), and pH value. For most of the cultivars studied(85.8%), the order of the organic acid contents in apples was Mal>Oxa>Cit>Lac>Suc>Fum. Mal was the dominant organic acid, on average, accounting for 94.5% of To A. Among the 10 indices, the dispersion of pH value was the smallest with a coefficient of variation of only 8.2%, while the coefficients of variation of the other nine indices were larger, ranging between 31 and 66%. There were significant linear relationships between Mal and two indices(ToA and AcV) as well as between ToA and AcV. There were significant logarithmic relationships between pH value and four indices: Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV. All the equations had very high fitting accuracy and can be used to accurately predict related indices. According to this study, Mal, ToA, and AcV of apple were normally distributed, TiA was close to normally distributed, whereas pH value had a skewed distribution. Using the fitted normal distribution curves, the grading standards of Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV were established. The grading node values of pH value were obtained using the logarithmic relationship between pH value and Mal. The grading standards of these five indices can be used to evaluate the sour flavor of apple. This study provides a scientific basis for evaluating apple flavor and selecting apple cultivars.展开更多
Taking the pilgrimage,tourism and cultural island of Meizhou Island as an example,the evaluation index system of the coupling and coordinated development of“Mazu culture,socio-economy,eco-environment”(MSE)compound s...Taking the pilgrimage,tourism and cultural island of Meizhou Island as an example,the evaluation index system of the coupling and coordinated development of“Mazu culture,socio-economy,eco-environment”(MSE)compound system was constructed.The index weights were determined by AHP-entropy method,and the coupling degree,coordinated degree,comprehensive evaluation index and grey correlation degree of MSE system of Mazu Island from 2012 to 2022 were measure.The results showed that:(1)the comprehensive evaluation indexes of the three subsystems was on the rise in general,but the evaluation index of the ecological subsystems increased relatively slowly.(2)The coupling degree was only in the running-in stage in 2012,and the other years were in the coordinated coupling stage.(3)The coupling coordination degree increased from 0.35 in 2012 to 0.82 in 2022,the coupling coordination level was changed from mild imbalance to good coordination.(4)Through the comparison of grey correlation degree,the 24 indexes in the evaluation index system had great influence on the coupling coordination degree of MSE system.The coupling coordination degree was closely related to the development of socio-economy and the spread of Mazu culture.With the rapid development of tourism brought about by the spread of Mazu culture,the pressure on the ecological environment will be increasing.Compared with the rapid growth of tourism and economy,it is equally important to strengthen environmental protection and pay attention to the quality of ecological environment development.展开更多
China is preparing to establish a nationwide carbon market in 2017, and in order to facilitate this goal, seven pilot carbon markets have been under study for the past few years. This paper summarizes the operation ex...China is preparing to establish a nationwide carbon market in 2017, and in order to facilitate this goal, seven pilot carbon markets have been under study for the past few years. This paper summarizes the operation experience and challenges of the seven pilot carbon markets in China.It has been widely accepted that the essence of a carbon market is to solve environmental problems through market mechanisms, with environmental benefit being the fundamental purpose, market mechanism being the key measure, and policies and regulations being an important guarantee for an orderly carbon market. Therefore, this paper constructs an evaluation index system composed of 34 detailed sub-indexes in three dimensions, such as environmental constraint force, market resource allocation ability, and supporting policies and facility completeness. Through analyzing the operation data from 2013 to 2016, the weights of the sub-indexes are obtained. In addition, the study obtains experts' opinions from over 10 carbon permits exchanges, consultancy firms and research institutions in China, and conducts a comprehensive evaluation on the development degree of the seven pilot carbon markets. Results show that the pilot carbon markets that include private SMEs as the covered entities for emissions control present relatively higher environmental constraint force. But too many covered entities could increase the difficulty of market performance management, while the pilots that include high energy-consuming state-owned enterprises as the entities for emissions control demonstrate a phenomenon of "high market compliance rate with low trading volume". The resource allocation capability of China's carbon market has not been effectively brought into play, and low degree of market participation has become an important constraint factor for market development. Due to the lack of laws and regulations at the national macro-level, the legally binding force of the pilot markets construction is obviously insufficient, and the supporting policies are lacking foresights.Generally, the development of China's pilot carbon markets is still in such a fragmented state as in the aspects of environment, market and policy development, and the market operation has not yet achieved the purpose of solving environmental problems through market mechanisms.Accordingly, policy recommendations pointed out by this study are that tightening the allowance of free quota and progressively increasing the auction proportion, improving legal construction,increasing the services and products of carbon finance and standardizing the order of market transactions, enhancing capacity building of local governments and promoting the participation willingness and capability of emissions control entities, will be necessary.展开更多
Based on the natural disaster risk evaluation mode, a quantitative danger degree evaluation model was developed to evaluate the danger degree of earth dam reservoir staged operation in the flood season. A formula for ...Based on the natural disaster risk evaluation mode, a quantitative danger degree evaluation model was developed to evaluate the danger degree of earth dam reservoir staged operation in the flood season. A formula for the overtopping risk rate of the earth dam reservoir staged operation was established, with consideration of the joint effect of flood and wind waves in the flood sub-seasons with the Monte Carlo method,and the integrated overtopping risk rate for the whole flood season was obtained via the total probability approach. A composite normalized function was used to transform the dam overtopping risk rate into the danger degree, on a scale of 0-1. Danger degree gradating criteria were divided by four significant characteristic values of the dam overtopping rate, and corresponding guidelines for danger evaluation are explained in detail in this paper. Examples indicated that the dam overtopping danger degree of the Chengbihe Reservoir in China was 0.33-0.57, within the range of moderate danger level, and the flood-limiting water level(FLWL) can be adjusted to 185.00 m for the early and main flood seasons, and 185.00-187.50 m for the late flood season. The proposed quantitative model offers a theoretical basis for determination of the value of the danger degree of an earth dam reservoir under normal operation as well as the optimal scheduling scheme for the reservoir in each stage of the flood season.展开更多
The general goal of the management of communication and information technology (MCIT) in the health sector, is to accelerate collecting, achieving and supporting the health system processes, and effective decision-mak...The general goal of the management of communication and information technology (MCIT) in the health sector, is to accelerate collecting, achieving and supporting the health system processes, and effective decision-making for managing this system;because preparing and providing health care services for society is very complex, and highly dependent on the information system. The aim of this investigation is to determine the mean scores of the possibility of implementing the MCIT standards in Khorasan Razavi hospitals, from the perspective of managers. This was a cross sectional descriptive-analytic study conducted in two steps in all hospitals. In the first step, the applicability of the standards in hospitals was studied. In the second step, the current status of hospitals was compared with international standards MCIT. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaires, opinions of professors and experts were acquired. Regarding the reliability, the SPSS V. 12 calculated the value of Cronbach’s to be 0.95 for the first questionnaire and 0.86 for the second questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistic tests of one way ANOVA and t-test. The level of significance was fixed at 0.5. In the 16 hospitals studied, the mean and standard deviation of MCIT were (57.25 ± 13.74). The MCIT standards are applicable in hospitals of Khorasan Razavi according to half (49.4%) of managers;nonetheless, their application requires greater efforts by the hospitals.展开更多
By reviewing the traditional measure methods of the integration degree of the tourism industry, we concluded that measure methods of the integration degree of the tourism industry can only be limited to the levels of ...By reviewing the traditional measure methods of the integration degree of the tourism industry, we concluded that measure methods of the integration degree of the tourism industry can only be limited to the levels of theoretical analysis due to the defect of the statistical data and the statistical structure. With the help of concept of fusion field and fusion entropy of the tourism industry, a physical model of integration of the tourism industry is established and index system based on AHP is proposed. Using AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the integration degree of Jiangsu and the country's tourism industry are studied. The influencing factors are analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures are proposed.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. <strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of echocard...<strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. <strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of echocardiographic and scintigraphy investigation in cardiovascular disorders detection and evaluation, including ischemic heart disease (IHD) diagnosis at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia. <strong>Methods: </strong>157 patients (male/ female: 68%/32%;mean age 64 ± 0.83 years) were included in the report in the current study. All subjects underwent gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and standard Echocardiography.<strong> Results: </strong>About 84% of cases were diagnosed with any types of cardiac disorders by Echocardiography, whereas through scintigraphy, 61% of patients were detected cardiac disorders. The age stratification did not impact the prevalence of cardiac disorders detected by them. Scintigraphy showed a higher detection rate (59%), while only 29% of cases were detected with IHD by eco-cardiograph. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> In conclusion, both techniques, namely standard Echocardiography, and myocardial scintigraphy, are useful in the evaluation and detection of cardiac disorders in patients having any type of cardiac problems. Both investigations showed a differential pattern in cardiac disorders diagnosis with a particular focus on IHD. Gender differences and age stratification also contributed to this differential pattern of diagnosis. <strong>Trial Registration:</strong> The research doesn’t include experiments in humans or animals. It is a retrospective study for data record review as an observational study, so no trial registration is required.展开更多
By the means of visual evaluation,the matching degree of nine types of fisherman hats and seven face shapes was studied.The characteristics of hats and faces were parameterized,and the images in which seven kinds of f...By the means of visual evaluation,the matching degree of nine types of fisherman hats and seven face shapes was studied.The characteristics of hats and faces were parameterized,and the images in which seven kinds of faces wore different fisherman hats were processed by Photoshop gray levels.Through a random questionnaire,descriptive analysis,and mean and dispersion analysis,the recommendation table of fisherman hats for different female faces was obtained,and the highly preferred and matching degree types of fisherman hats were obtained.It not only provides reference for virtual hat tests,but also gives references for parameterized hat designs from the collocation aesthetic viewpoint.展开更多
The main activities in project portfolio allocation management are selecting the right project components given a strategy. It is crucial to establish a scientific system of evaluation indexes to guarantee the closene...The main activities in project portfolio allocation management are selecting the right project components given a strategy. It is crucial to establish a scientific system of evaluation indexes to guarantee the closeness between strategy and project portfolio allocation optimally. With organizations growing in sizes, the functions and objectives of project components are becoming more and more different. It is necessary to set evaluation indexes of the degree of closeness from the perspectives of financial, market share, social effects, and so on according to the strategy-oriented process of project portfolio allocation. This paper proposes a project portfolio allocation process under strategic orientation and evaluation indexes of the degree of closeness between strategy and project portfolio allocation. This will help projects managers make portfolio allocation decisions.展开更多
The core concepts of standardization framework of marine sustainable development evaluation systemare fairness and justice and the aim of sustainable development is to pursue development beneficial bothfor the current...The core concepts of standardization framework of marine sustainable development evaluation systemare fairness and justice and the aim of sustainable development is to pursue development beneficial bothfor the current and future generations.Scientific evaluation of sustainable marine development is importantfor ensuring an accurate level of marine development.Establishing a scientific evaluation system is of greatimportance in the planning of marine development.Standardization of such an evaluation system needs tobe based on comprehensive work and must be founded on both marine science and modern managementprinciples.This paper analyses the current marine standards situation and looks at the assessment systemfor marine sustainable development.It also lists the main reasons for the standardization of a sustainablemarine development evaluation system and analyses five existing marine standardization problems whichare a constraint to this standardization.Finally a framework of marine sustainable development evaluationsystem standardization is established.The conclusion incorporates some advice on how to promote thisstandardization.展开更多
In view of the present situation of measuring a green residence just by energy saving and environmental protection,we propose that we should build the rural residence more from the farmer's view and set up an eval...In view of the present situation of measuring a green residence just by energy saving and environmental protection,we propose that we should build the rural residence more from the farmer's view and set up an evaluation system based on farmers satisfaction.A total of 16 factors affecting the farmers' satisfaction degree of green energy saving rebuilding of rural residence are selected.Questionnaire survey on 110 peasant households is carried out under different situations in Guanzhong region in Shaanxi Province,so as to obtain the importance score of evaluation index.During constructing the evaluation system for farmers' satisfaction degree,Factor Analysis Method is used to classify the related influencing factors.Subjective analysis of Analytic Hierarchy Process and the objective analysis of Factor Analysis Method are combined together to determine the weights of factors at different grades.Then,the final evaluation model is obtained,which provides guidance for the further green energy saving rebuilding of rural residence in China.展开更多
This paper presents an evaluation system of national standardlevels composed of certain indicators and their respective weights.The goalof quantitatiye evaluation of national standards was achieved by expels decidingo...This paper presents an evaluation system of national standardlevels composed of certain indicators and their respective weights.The goalof quantitatiye evaluation of national standards was achieved by expels decidingon indicators of a single national standard.This evaluation system provideda reasonable basis to evaluate the national standard level.It will alsoplay an important role in regulating standards and improving the nationalstandards level.展开更多
The reform of ideological and political education in science and engineering courses continues to deepen,and the establishment of a practical teaching evaluation system is the main goal.Combining the relevant requirem...The reform of ideological and political education in science and engineering courses continues to deepen,and the establishment of a practical teaching evaluation system is the main goal.Combining the relevant requirements of the ideological and political education in science and engineering courses,establishing a teaching evaluation system needs to follow the corresponding principles to ensure that the teaching content is reasonable and the teaching objectives are clear.The selected teaching method is flexible and effective,which facilitates the improvement of teaching quality and feedback of teaching situation.In this regard,the paper mainly analyzes the principles and standards of ideological and political teaching evaluation for science and engineering courses,and chooses reasonable and operable measures in-line with actual requirements to apply them in practice,and strive to serve as a reference for subsequent related research.展开更多
Due to the continuous development of information technology, people's perception of real life is more based on the information acquired on the real environment with the help of various media, rather than intuition...Due to the continuous development of information technology, people's perception of real life is more based on the information acquired on the real environment with the help of various media, rather than intuition. Based on priority evaluation data obtained from dianping.com(Liaoning Province), and the established criteria for assessing pseudo habitat environment quality, this study uses the entropy method to calculate and rank the comprehensive score of each merchant's word-of-mouth evaluation. It analyzes the spatial pattern and differentiation characteristics of pseudo environment quality, as well. Results show that:(1) The overall quality scores of the pseudo living environment in southern, central, and northern Liaoning are higher than those in eastern and western area. The pseudo habitat environment quality score of coastal cities is relatively higher than that of inland cities; and that of cities with high resource depletion is lower.(2) Parent-child activity, learning and training, and sports & health have significant impact, whereas hotels and peripheral tours have less impact on the pseudo habitat environment quality in Liaoning province. The overall pseudo habitat environment quality score of a city is inversely proportional to the total scores of various indicators in the city.(3) The spatial distribution of pseudo habitat quality in Liaoning Province shows a "saddle" structure. The spatial heterogeneity of the pseudo habitat environment in central and northern Liaoning areas is larger than that in eastern, western, and southern areas of Liaoning. The degree of quality of the pseudo habitat environment is proportional to the size of its spatial differentiation degree in total.展开更多
This paper presents a novel evaluation model of the customer satisfaction degree (CSD) in logistics based on support vector machine (SVM). Firstly, the relation between the suppliers and the customers is analyzed. Sec...This paper presents a novel evaluation model of the customer satisfaction degree (CSD) in logistics based on support vector machine (SVM). Firstly, the relation between the suppliers and the customers is analyzed. Secondly, the evaluation index system and fuzzy quantitative methods are provided. Thirdly, the CSD evaluation system including eight indexes and three ranks based on one-against-one mode of SVM is built. Last simulation experiment is presented to illustrate the theoretical results.展开更多
文摘Rooftop greening not only has ecological benefits such as energy savings, water conservation and air quality improvement but also has aesthetic and social benefits, especially for the rooftops of commercial complexes, which should meet people’s demand for beauty while satisfying sustainable urban development. In this paper, 80 samples of ten commercial rooftops in five old urban areas of Chengdu, China, were selected as the research objects, and the beauty values of different roof types and different plant community types were quantified by the aesthetic evaluation method, and the factors influencing the beauty values were investigated. The results showed that the highest average SBE value was for plant ornamental roofs (0.635), followed by recreational roofs (0.080), and the lowest average SBE value was for sports and fitness (-0.555);Mixed needle-broad communities had the greatest average SBE value (0.330), followed by mixed bamboo-broad communities (0.094), while pure bamboo forests had the lowest average SBE value (-0.716). The rooftop plant community’s aesthetic value was highly significant and correlated positively with the type of roof, the community’s growth type, its vertical structure, and the number of plants in the community.
基金Under the auspices of National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFD1500104-4)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42171407,42077242)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.20210101098JC)Special Investigation on Basic Science and Technology Resources(No.2021FY100406)。
文摘Cultivated land is an important natural resource to ensure food,ecological and economic security.The cultivated land quality evaluation(CQE)is greatly significant for protecting and managing cultivated land.In this study,320 counties in the black soil region of Northeast China(BSRNC)represent the research units used to construct the CQE system measuring the soil properties(SP),cultivated land productivity(CLP),ecological environment(EE)and social economy(SE).The total of 19 factors were selected to calculate the integrated fertility index(IFI)and divided into grades.Simultaneously,we used the coupling coordination degree model to comprehensively analyze the spatial pattern of the cultivated land quality(CLQ)in the BSRNC,and use the structural equation model(SEM)to analyze the driving mechanism.The results show the following:1)The CLQ of 262 counties in the BSRNC is in a state of coupling and coordination,and the coupling and coordination degree presents a spatial distribution pattern of‘high in the southwest and northeast,low in the northwest and southeast’.The coordinated development degree of 271 counties is between 0.4 and 0.6,which is in a transitional state between coordination and disorder.2)The CLQ in the BSRNC is generally good,with an average grade of 3.High-quality cultivated land accounts for 58.45%of all counties,middle-and upper-quality cultivated land accounts for 27.05%,and poor-quality cultivated land accounts for 14.49%.3)The SEM analysis shows that the SP,CLP,EE,and SE all influence the CLQ.Among them,the SP has the largest driving force on the CLQ,while the SE has the smallest driving force on it.The results confirm that the main factors affecting the evaluation results are crop productivity level,normalized difference vegetation index,ratio vegetation index,difference vegetation index,and organic carbon content.When implementing protection measures in counties with a low CLQ,considering a balanced coordination of multiple systems and reasonably controlling the quality degradation are important.This study provides the current situation and driving factors of the CLQ in the BSRNC and will play an important role in black soil governance and utilization.
基金financially supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-27)the National Program for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of China (GJFP2017003)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP)
文摘In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid(Mal), oxalic acid(Oxa), citric acid(Cit), lactic acid(Lac), succinic acid(Suc), fumaric acid(Fum), total organic acids(To A, the sum of the six organic acids tested), titratable acid(TiA), acidity value(AcV), and pH value. For most of the cultivars studied(85.8%), the order of the organic acid contents in apples was Mal>Oxa>Cit>Lac>Suc>Fum. Mal was the dominant organic acid, on average, accounting for 94.5% of To A. Among the 10 indices, the dispersion of pH value was the smallest with a coefficient of variation of only 8.2%, while the coefficients of variation of the other nine indices were larger, ranging between 31 and 66%. There were significant linear relationships between Mal and two indices(ToA and AcV) as well as between ToA and AcV. There were significant logarithmic relationships between pH value and four indices: Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV. All the equations had very high fitting accuracy and can be used to accurately predict related indices. According to this study, Mal, ToA, and AcV of apple were normally distributed, TiA was close to normally distributed, whereas pH value had a skewed distribution. Using the fitted normal distribution curves, the grading standards of Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV were established. The grading node values of pH value were obtained using the logarithmic relationship between pH value and Mal. The grading standards of these five indices can be used to evaluate the sour flavor of apple. This study provides a scientific basis for evaluating apple flavor and selecting apple cultivars.
基金This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31400318)the Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology Guided Projects(Grant No.2020Y0089)the STS Project of Fujian Science and Technology Department(Grant Nos.2021T3014,2022T3023).
文摘Taking the pilgrimage,tourism and cultural island of Meizhou Island as an example,the evaluation index system of the coupling and coordinated development of“Mazu culture,socio-economy,eco-environment”(MSE)compound system was constructed.The index weights were determined by AHP-entropy method,and the coupling degree,coordinated degree,comprehensive evaluation index and grey correlation degree of MSE system of Mazu Island from 2012 to 2022 were measure.The results showed that:(1)the comprehensive evaluation indexes of the three subsystems was on the rise in general,but the evaluation index of the ecological subsystems increased relatively slowly.(2)The coupling degree was only in the running-in stage in 2012,and the other years were in the coordinated coupling stage.(3)The coupling coordination degree increased from 0.35 in 2012 to 0.82 in 2022,the coupling coordination level was changed from mild imbalance to good coordination.(4)Through the comparison of grey correlation degree,the 24 indexes in the evaluation index system had great influence on the coupling coordination degree of MSE system.The coupling coordination degree was closely related to the development of socio-economy and the spread of Mazu culture.With the rapid development of tourism brought about by the spread of Mazu culture,the pressure on the ecological environment will be increasing.Compared with the rapid growth of tourism and economy,it is equally important to strengthen environmental protection and pay attention to the quality of ecological environment development.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China "Modelling Carbon Price Drivers with Optimized Smart Methods"[Grant number:71101133]The key program of National Social Science Foundation of China "Research on the maturity of China's carbon market and environmental regulation policy"[Grant number:14AZD051]Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University "Carbon finance innovation-Research on the price formation mechanism of international carbon market"[Grant number:NCET-11-0725]
文摘China is preparing to establish a nationwide carbon market in 2017, and in order to facilitate this goal, seven pilot carbon markets have been under study for the past few years. This paper summarizes the operation experience and challenges of the seven pilot carbon markets in China.It has been widely accepted that the essence of a carbon market is to solve environmental problems through market mechanisms, with environmental benefit being the fundamental purpose, market mechanism being the key measure, and policies and regulations being an important guarantee for an orderly carbon market. Therefore, this paper constructs an evaluation index system composed of 34 detailed sub-indexes in three dimensions, such as environmental constraint force, market resource allocation ability, and supporting policies and facility completeness. Through analyzing the operation data from 2013 to 2016, the weights of the sub-indexes are obtained. In addition, the study obtains experts' opinions from over 10 carbon permits exchanges, consultancy firms and research institutions in China, and conducts a comprehensive evaluation on the development degree of the seven pilot carbon markets. Results show that the pilot carbon markets that include private SMEs as the covered entities for emissions control present relatively higher environmental constraint force. But too many covered entities could increase the difficulty of market performance management, while the pilots that include high energy-consuming state-owned enterprises as the entities for emissions control demonstrate a phenomenon of "high market compliance rate with low trading volume". The resource allocation capability of China's carbon market has not been effectively brought into play, and low degree of market participation has become an important constraint factor for market development. Due to the lack of laws and regulations at the national macro-level, the legally binding force of the pilot markets construction is obviously insufficient, and the supporting policies are lacking foresights.Generally, the development of China's pilot carbon markets is still in such a fragmented state as in the aspects of environment, market and policy development, and the market operation has not yet achieved the purpose of solving environmental problems through market mechanisms.Accordingly, policy recommendations pointed out by this study are that tightening the allowance of free quota and progressively increasing the auction proportion, improving legal construction,increasing the services and products of carbon finance and standardizing the order of market transactions, enhancing capacity building of local governments and promoting the participation willingness and capability of emissions control entities, will be necessary.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51569003 and 51579059)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(Grant No.2017GXNSFAA198361)the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(Grant No.YCSW2017052)
文摘Based on the natural disaster risk evaluation mode, a quantitative danger degree evaluation model was developed to evaluate the danger degree of earth dam reservoir staged operation in the flood season. A formula for the overtopping risk rate of the earth dam reservoir staged operation was established, with consideration of the joint effect of flood and wind waves in the flood sub-seasons with the Monte Carlo method,and the integrated overtopping risk rate for the whole flood season was obtained via the total probability approach. A composite normalized function was used to transform the dam overtopping risk rate into the danger degree, on a scale of 0-1. Danger degree gradating criteria were divided by four significant characteristic values of the dam overtopping rate, and corresponding guidelines for danger evaluation are explained in detail in this paper. Examples indicated that the dam overtopping danger degree of the Chengbihe Reservoir in China was 0.33-0.57, within the range of moderate danger level, and the flood-limiting water level(FLWL) can be adjusted to 185.00 m for the early and main flood seasons, and 185.00-187.50 m for the late flood season. The proposed quantitative model offers a theoretical basis for determination of the value of the danger degree of an earth dam reservoir under normal operation as well as the optimal scheduling scheme for the reservoir in each stage of the flood season.
文摘The general goal of the management of communication and information technology (MCIT) in the health sector, is to accelerate collecting, achieving and supporting the health system processes, and effective decision-making for managing this system;because preparing and providing health care services for society is very complex, and highly dependent on the information system. The aim of this investigation is to determine the mean scores of the possibility of implementing the MCIT standards in Khorasan Razavi hospitals, from the perspective of managers. This was a cross sectional descriptive-analytic study conducted in two steps in all hospitals. In the first step, the applicability of the standards in hospitals was studied. In the second step, the current status of hospitals was compared with international standards MCIT. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaires, opinions of professors and experts were acquired. Regarding the reliability, the SPSS V. 12 calculated the value of Cronbach’s to be 0.95 for the first questionnaire and 0.86 for the second questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistic tests of one way ANOVA and t-test. The level of significance was fixed at 0.5. In the 16 hospitals studied, the mean and standard deviation of MCIT were (57.25 ± 13.74). The MCIT standards are applicable in hospitals of Khorasan Razavi according to half (49.4%) of managers;nonetheless, their application requires greater efforts by the hospitals.
基金supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of the Ministry of Education in China (12YJA790163)
文摘By reviewing the traditional measure methods of the integration degree of the tourism industry, we concluded that measure methods of the integration degree of the tourism industry can only be limited to the levels of theoretical analysis due to the defect of the statistical data and the statistical structure. With the help of concept of fusion field and fusion entropy of the tourism industry, a physical model of integration of the tourism industry is established and index system based on AHP is proposed. Using AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the integration degree of Jiangsu and the country's tourism industry are studied. The influencing factors are analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures are proposed.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. <strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of echocardiographic and scintigraphy investigation in cardiovascular disorders detection and evaluation, including ischemic heart disease (IHD) diagnosis at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia. <strong>Methods: </strong>157 patients (male/ female: 68%/32%;mean age 64 ± 0.83 years) were included in the report in the current study. All subjects underwent gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and standard Echocardiography.<strong> Results: </strong>About 84% of cases were diagnosed with any types of cardiac disorders by Echocardiography, whereas through scintigraphy, 61% of patients were detected cardiac disorders. The age stratification did not impact the prevalence of cardiac disorders detected by them. Scintigraphy showed a higher detection rate (59%), while only 29% of cases were detected with IHD by eco-cardiograph. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> In conclusion, both techniques, namely standard Echocardiography, and myocardial scintigraphy, are useful in the evaluation and detection of cardiac disorders in patients having any type of cardiac problems. Both investigations showed a differential pattern in cardiac disorders diagnosis with a particular focus on IHD. Gender differences and age stratification also contributed to this differential pattern of diagnosis. <strong>Trial Registration:</strong> The research doesn’t include experiments in humans or animals. It is a retrospective study for data record review as an observational study, so no trial registration is required.
基金Teaching Reform Project of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,China(No.ZX20192001)。
文摘By the means of visual evaluation,the matching degree of nine types of fisherman hats and seven face shapes was studied.The characteristics of hats and faces were parameterized,and the images in which seven kinds of faces wore different fisherman hats were processed by Photoshop gray levels.Through a random questionnaire,descriptive analysis,and mean and dispersion analysis,the recommendation table of fisherman hats for different female faces was obtained,and the highly preferred and matching degree types of fisherman hats were obtained.It not only provides reference for virtual hat tests,but also gives references for parameterized hat designs from the collocation aesthetic viewpoint.
文摘The main activities in project portfolio allocation management are selecting the right project components given a strategy. It is crucial to establish a scientific system of evaluation indexes to guarantee the closeness between strategy and project portfolio allocation optimally. With organizations growing in sizes, the functions and objectives of project components are becoming more and more different. It is necessary to set evaluation indexes of the degree of closeness from the perspectives of financial, market share, social effects, and so on according to the strategy-oriented process of project portfolio allocation. This paper proposes a project portfolio allocation process under strategic orientation and evaluation indexes of the degree of closeness between strategy and project portfolio allocation. This will help projects managers make portfolio allocation decisions.
文摘The core concepts of standardization framework of marine sustainable development evaluation systemare fairness and justice and the aim of sustainable development is to pursue development beneficial bothfor the current and future generations.Scientific evaluation of sustainable marine development is importantfor ensuring an accurate level of marine development.Establishing a scientific evaluation system is of greatimportance in the planning of marine development.Standardization of such an evaluation system needs tobe based on comprehensive work and must be founded on both marine science and modern managementprinciples.This paper analyses the current marine standards situation and looks at the assessment systemfor marine sustainable development.It also lists the main reasons for the standardization of a sustainablemarine development evaluation system and analyses five existing marine standardization problems whichare a constraint to this standardization.Finally a framework of marine sustainable development evaluationsystem standardization is established.The conclusion incorporates some advice on how to promote thisstandardization.
基金Supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Special Project of Shaanxi"13115"(2009ZDKG-66)the Shaanxi Provincial Project of Special Foundation of Key Disciplines
文摘In view of the present situation of measuring a green residence just by energy saving and environmental protection,we propose that we should build the rural residence more from the farmer's view and set up an evaluation system based on farmers satisfaction.A total of 16 factors affecting the farmers' satisfaction degree of green energy saving rebuilding of rural residence are selected.Questionnaire survey on 110 peasant households is carried out under different situations in Guanzhong region in Shaanxi Province,so as to obtain the importance score of evaluation index.During constructing the evaluation system for farmers' satisfaction degree,Factor Analysis Method is used to classify the related influencing factors.Subjective analysis of Analytic Hierarchy Process and the objective analysis of Factor Analysis Method are combined together to determine the weights of factors at different grades.Then,the final evaluation model is obtained,which provides guidance for the further green energy saving rebuilding of rural residence in China.
文摘This paper presents an evaluation system of national standardlevels composed of certain indicators and their respective weights.The goalof quantitatiye evaluation of national standards was achieved by expels decidingon indicators of a single national standard.This evaluation system provideda reasonable basis to evaluate the national standard level.It will alsoplay an important role in regulating standards and improving the nationalstandards level.
基金Heilongjiang Philosophy and Social Research Planning Project"Research on Joint Education of Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Big Data"(Project No.20SZB09)Harbin University of Commerce Educational Reform Project"Research on the Integration of Ideological and Political Education and Professional Teaching——Taking Programming Courses as an Example"(Project No.HSDJY202021)。
文摘The reform of ideological and political education in science and engineering courses continues to deepen,and the establishment of a practical teaching evaluation system is the main goal.Combining the relevant requirements of the ideological and political education in science and engineering courses,establishing a teaching evaluation system needs to follow the corresponding principles to ensure that the teaching content is reasonable and the teaching objectives are clear.The selected teaching method is flexible and effective,which facilitates the improvement of teaching quality and feedback of teaching situation.In this regard,the paper mainly analyzes the principles and standards of ideological and political teaching evaluation for science and engineering courses,and chooses reasonable and operable measures in-line with actual requirements to apply them in practice,and strive to serve as a reference for subsequent related research.
基金Sponsored by National Nature Science Foundation of China(41671158)Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education(20132136110001)Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in University(LR2013050)
文摘Due to the continuous development of information technology, people's perception of real life is more based on the information acquired on the real environment with the help of various media, rather than intuition. Based on priority evaluation data obtained from dianping.com(Liaoning Province), and the established criteria for assessing pseudo habitat environment quality, this study uses the entropy method to calculate and rank the comprehensive score of each merchant's word-of-mouth evaluation. It analyzes the spatial pattern and differentiation characteristics of pseudo environment quality, as well. Results show that:(1) The overall quality scores of the pseudo living environment in southern, central, and northern Liaoning are higher than those in eastern and western area. The pseudo habitat environment quality score of coastal cities is relatively higher than that of inland cities; and that of cities with high resource depletion is lower.(2) Parent-child activity, learning and training, and sports & health have significant impact, whereas hotels and peripheral tours have less impact on the pseudo habitat environment quality in Liaoning province. The overall pseudo habitat environment quality score of a city is inversely proportional to the total scores of various indicators in the city.(3) The spatial distribution of pseudo habitat quality in Liaoning Province shows a "saddle" structure. The spatial heterogeneity of the pseudo habitat environment in central and northern Liaoning areas is larger than that in eastern, western, and southern areas of Liaoning. The degree of quality of the pseudo habitat environment is proportional to the size of its spatial differentiation degree in total.
基金supported by National Key Technology R&D Program: Research on the Common Technology Methods of Standardization and Standards Development (Item Number:2006BAK04A07)
文摘This paper presents a novel evaluation model of the customer satisfaction degree (CSD) in logistics based on support vector machine (SVM). Firstly, the relation between the suppliers and the customers is analyzed. Secondly, the evaluation index system and fuzzy quantitative methods are provided. Thirdly, the CSD evaluation system including eight indexes and three ranks based on one-against-one mode of SVM is built. Last simulation experiment is presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
