Levulinic acid(LA)is one of the top-12 most promising biomass-based platform chemicals,which has a wide range of applications in a variety of fields.However,separation and purification of LA from aqueous solution or a...Levulinic acid(LA)is one of the top-12 most promising biomass-based platform chemicals,which has a wide range of applications in a variety of fields.However,separation and purification of LA from aqueous solution or actual hydrolysate continues to be a challenge.Among various downstream separation technologies,liquid-liquid extraction is a low-cost,effective,and simple process to separate LA.The key breakthrough lies in the development of extractants with high extraction efficiency,good hydrophobicity,and low cost.In this work,three hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents(DESs)based on tri-n-octylamine(TOA)as hydrogen bond acceptor(HBA)and alcohols(butanol,2-octanol,and menthol)as hydrogen bond donors(HBDs)were developed to extract LA from aqueous solution.The molar ratios of HBD and HBA,extraction temperature,contact time,solution pH,and initial LA concentration,DES/water volume ratios were systematically investigated.Compared with 2-octanol-TOA and menthol-TOA DES,the butanol-TOA DES exhibited the superior extraction performance for LA,with a maximum extraction efficiency of 95.79±1.4%.Moreover,the solution pH had a great impact on the LA extraction efficiency of butanol-TOA(molar ratio=3:1).It is worth noting that the extraction equilibrium time was less than 0.5 h.More importantly,the butanol-TOA(3:1)DES possesses good extraction abilities for low,medium,and high concentrations of LA.展开更多
The behaviour of vanadium（V） extracted from sulfuric acid solution was investigated using Cyanex 923 as an extractant. The effects of the concentration of Cyanex 923 and the pH of the solution were studied. The extr...The behaviour of vanadium（V） extracted from sulfuric acid solution was investigated using Cyanex 923 as an extractant. The effects of the concentration of Cyanex 923 and the pH of the solution were studied. The extraction of vanadium（V） increases with the increase of Cyanex 923 concentration and shaking time. Cyanex 923 can extract vanadium（V） from sulfuric acid solution at low pH conditions, and the best pH conditions for extraction of vanadium（V） are at pH 1.0-2.0. The species extracted into the organic phase is VO2HSO4 with one molecule of Cyanex 923. Equilibrium studies were used to assess the extraction efficiency of vanadium（V） recovery from the sulfuric acid solution.展开更多
The adsorption behavior of ion exchange resin D301 in the extraction of hexavalent molybdenum from high acidic leach solution was investigated. SEM, EDS and Raman spectra analyses were applied to studying the adsorpti...The adsorption behavior of ion exchange resin D301 in the extraction of hexavalent molybdenum from high acidic leach solution was investigated. SEM, EDS and Raman spectra analyses were applied to studying the adsorption capacity, reaction kinetics and possible adsorption mechanism in detail. Results showed that the adsorption capacity of D301 resin for molybdenum from high acidic leach solution was up to 463.63 mg/g. Results of the kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was controlled by the particle diffusion with the activation energy 25.47 k J/mol（0.9-1.2 mm） and 20.38 k J/mol（0.6-0.9 mm）. Furthermore, the molybdenum loaded on the resin could be eluted by using 2 mol/L ammonia hydroxide solution. Besides, dynamic continuous column experiments verified direct extraction of molybdenum from acidic leach solutions by ion exchange resin D301 and the upstream flow improved dynamic continuous absorption.展开更多
This study addresses the liquid-liquid extraction behavior of phosphorus from a sulfuric acid solution using benzyl dimethyl amine(BDMA)in kerosene.The extraction equilibria investigated with varied BDMA concentration...This study addresses the liquid-liquid extraction behavior of phosphorus from a sulfuric acid solution using benzyl dimethyl amine(BDMA)in kerosene.The extraction equilibria investigated with varied BDMA concentrations could reveal the formation of 3[BDMA]·[H_(3)PO_(4)]^(-)complex in the organic phase.The thermodynamic properties determined at various temperatures indicated that the process was exothermic with a calculated enthalpy(△H^(Θ))of−24.0 kJ·mol^(−1).The organic-to-aqueous phase(O/A)volume ratio was varied to elucidate the quantitative extraction of phosphorus.The McCabe-Thiele diagram plotted for the extraction isotherm was validated for the requirement of three counter-current stages in the extraction at an O/A volume ratio of 2.0/3.5.The back-extraction of phosphorus from the loaded organic phase was quantitatively achieved by contacting 4.0 mol·L−1 H2SO4 solution in three stages of counter-current contact at an O/A volume ratio of 3/2.This study can be applied to remove phosphorus from the sulfuric acid leach solutions of monazite processing,and many other solutions.展开更多
Hydrogen molybdenum bronze (HxMoO3) can be electrodeposited on platinum and oxidized in two steps to the hydrogen molybdenum bronze with less amount of hydrogen HyMoO3 (y<x) and MoO3 when platinum electrode is cycl...Hydrogen molybdenum bronze (HxMoO3) can be electrodeposited on platinum and oxidized in two steps to the hydrogen molybdenum bronze with less amount of hydrogen HyMoO3 (y<x) and MoO3 when platinum electrode is cycled from -0.2 to 1.3V (vs. SCE) in 0.05 mol/L Na2MoO4 + 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution. During the formation of HxMoO3, the electrochemical reduction of molybdate existing in the form of polymolydate is reversible and is about a five-electron transfer reaction.展开更多
The extraction of zinc from zinc sulfate solution was investigated, using 20% saponified D2EHPA as an extractam and 260^# sulfonate kerosene as a diluent. The solution was stirred for 8 min at phase ratio （Vσ/Va） o...The extraction of zinc from zinc sulfate solution was investigated, using 20% saponified D2EHPA as an extractam and 260^# sulfonate kerosene as a diluent. The solution was stirred for 8 min at phase ratio （Vσ/Va） of 1.0：1.0, initial pH of 2.0 and stirring speed of 200 r/min. The results show that 75% zinc can be extracted from the zinc sulfate solution when the concentration of zinc is 18.7 g/L after being settled for 10 min. 88.60% zinc can be stripped by 196 g/L sulfuric acid, and zinc ion can be separated from ferric ion.展开更多
An novel method on preparation of precursor solution for solvent separation of molybdenum （Mo） and tungsten （W） by hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）-complexation from the ammonium tungstate solution containing high Mo wa...An novel method on preparation of precursor solution for solvent separation of molybdenum （Mo） and tungsten （W） by hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）-complexation from the ammonium tungstate solution containing high Mo was studied. The precursor solution was obtained via evaporation deamination and H202-complex transformation processes. Then it was extracted with a mixture extractant of tri-alkyl phosphine oxide （TRPO） and tributyl phosphate （TBP） to separate Mo and W. The results indicated that the evaporation deamination complex method reduced the acid consumption by more than 90% in comparison with the traditional directly acid regulation complex method. The transformation rates of W and Mo were higher than 95% and the decomposition rate of H202 was less than 15% at a 1.8-1.9 times H202 dosage, 45-50 ℃, initial pH of 1.80-1.90, and transformation volume ratio of 100% for 60 min in the H2O2-complexation transformation process. The minimum extraction rate of W was 2%, the maximum extraction rate of Mo was 82.6% and the highest separation coefficient was 76.7 in a single-stage extraction.展开更多
A novel extractant,N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-didecyl-3-oxa-diglycolamide(DMDDDGA),was designed and synthesized for extraction of lanthanides in the nuclear fuel reprocessing.The extraction behaviors of Gd,Dy,Er and H...A novel extractant,N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-didecyl-3-oxa-diglycolamide(DMDDDGA),was designed and synthesized for extraction of lanthanides in the nuclear fuel reprocessing.The extraction behaviors of Gd,Dy,Er and Ho from nitric acid solution were investigated using DMDDDGA in chloroform.The effects of nitric acid concentration,extractant concentration,and temperature on the extraction were investigated.The distribution ratio of lanthanides increases with concentrations of the extractant and nitric acid,but decreases with increasing temperature,which indicates that the extraction process is exothermic.FT-IR spectra indicated that the C=0 in DMDDDGA is coordinated with metal ion in the extracted species and the stoichiometries of lanthanides(Ⅲ)complex are Gd(NO_3)_3·3DMDDDGA,Dy(NO_3)_3·4DMDDDGA,Er(NO_3)_3·4DMDDDGA,and Ho(NO_3)_3·4DMDDDGA.展开更多
It is very significant to recover rare earths （REs） from wet-process phosphoric acid, in terms of extraction rate and selectivity, the current carrier di（2-ethlhexly） phosphate （D2EHPA） out there is still inferi...It is very significant to recover rare earths （REs） from wet-process phosphoric acid, in terms of extraction rate and selectivity, the current carrier di（2-ethlhexly） phosphate （D2EHPA） out there is still inferior. Based on this question, our team modified D2EHPA to synthesize new extractants. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the extraction of rare earth ions （RE3＋） from phosphate leach solution using emulsion liquid membrane （ELM） in concentrated nitric acid medium. The ELM system is made up of （RO）2P（O）OPh-COOH as carrier, polyisocrotyl succinimide （T154） as surfactant, sulfonated kerosene as diluent, phosphoric acid （H3PO4） as stripping solution. Different chemical parameters such as type and concentration of carrier, surfactant, stripping solution, volume ratio of oil phase to internal phase, and volume ratio of emulsion ratio to external phase were analyzed. The extraction of RE^3＋ was evaluated by the yield of extraction. In addition, the demulsification process was also investigated. The proposed method of ELM using （RO）2P（O）OPh-COOH as carrier can he expected to provide an efficient, simplify operation, and facilitated method for extractine RE^3＋.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Area Research&Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B0101070001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21978053,51508547)。
文摘Levulinic acid(LA)is one of the top-12 most promising biomass-based platform chemicals,which has a wide range of applications in a variety of fields.However,separation and purification of LA from aqueous solution or actual hydrolysate continues to be a challenge.Among various downstream separation technologies,liquid-liquid extraction is a low-cost,effective,and simple process to separate LA.The key breakthrough lies in the development of extractants with high extraction efficiency,good hydrophobicity,and low cost.In this work,three hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents(DESs)based on tri-n-octylamine(TOA)as hydrogen bond acceptor(HBA)and alcohols(butanol,2-octanol,and menthol)as hydrogen bond donors(HBDs)were developed to extract LA from aqueous solution.The molar ratios of HBD and HBA,extraction temperature,contact time,solution pH,and initial LA concentration,DES/water volume ratios were systematically investigated.Compared with 2-octanol-TOA and menthol-TOA DES,the butanol-TOA DES exhibited the superior extraction performance for LA,with a maximum extraction efficiency of 95.79±1.4%.Moreover,the solution pH had a great impact on the LA extraction efficiency of butanol-TOA(molar ratio=3:1).It is worth noting that the extraction equilibrium time was less than 0.5 h.More importantly,the butanol-TOA(3:1)DES possesses good extraction abilities for low,medium,and high concentrations of LA.
基金supported by the Science Foundation of Central South University (No. 76112037) the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University
文摘The behaviour of vanadium（V） extracted from sulfuric acid solution was investigated using Cyanex 923 as an extractant. The effects of the concentration of Cyanex 923 and the pH of the solution were studied. The extraction of vanadium（V） increases with the increase of Cyanex 923 concentration and shaking time. Cyanex 923 can extract vanadium（V） from sulfuric acid solution at low pH conditions, and the best pH conditions for extraction of vanadium（V） are at pH 1.0-2.0. The species extracted into the organic phase is VO2HSO4 with one molecule of Cyanex 923. Equilibrium studies were used to assess the extraction efficiency of vanadium（V） recovery from the sulfuric acid solution.
基金Projects(21376251,21406233) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The adsorption behavior of ion exchange resin D301 in the extraction of hexavalent molybdenum from high acidic leach solution was investigated. SEM, EDS and Raman spectra analyses were applied to studying the adsorption capacity, reaction kinetics and possible adsorption mechanism in detail. Results showed that the adsorption capacity of D301 resin for molybdenum from high acidic leach solution was up to 463.63 mg/g. Results of the kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was controlled by the particle diffusion with the activation energy 25.47 k J/mol（0.9-1.2 mm） and 20.38 k J/mol（0.6-0.9 mm）. Furthermore, the molybdenum loaded on the resin could be eluted by using 2 mol/L ammonia hydroxide solution. Besides, dynamic continuous column experiments verified direct extraction of molybdenum from acidic leach solutions by ion exchange resin D301 and the upstream flow improved dynamic continuous absorption.
基金the Brain Pool Programthrough the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (Grant No.2019H1D3A2A02101993).The author Sadia Ilyas is gratefulto NRF for presenting the Brain Pool Scientists award.
文摘This study addresses the liquid-liquid extraction behavior of phosphorus from a sulfuric acid solution using benzyl dimethyl amine(BDMA)in kerosene.The extraction equilibria investigated with varied BDMA concentrations could reveal the formation of 3[BDMA]·[H_(3)PO_(4)]^(-)complex in the organic phase.The thermodynamic properties determined at various temperatures indicated that the process was exothermic with a calculated enthalpy(△H^(Θ))of−24.0 kJ·mol^(−1).The organic-to-aqueous phase(O/A)volume ratio was varied to elucidate the quantitative extraction of phosphorus.The McCabe-Thiele diagram plotted for the extraction isotherm was validated for the requirement of three counter-current stages in the extraction at an O/A volume ratio of 2.0/3.5.The back-extraction of phosphorus from the loaded organic phase was quantitatively achieved by contacting 4.0 mol·L−1 H2SO4 solution in three stages of counter-current contact at an O/A volume ratio of 3/2.This study can be applied to remove phosphorus from the sulfuric acid leach solutions of monazite processing,and many other solutions.
文摘Hydrogen molybdenum bronze (HxMoO3) can be electrodeposited on platinum and oxidized in two steps to the hydrogen molybdenum bronze with less amount of hydrogen HyMoO3 (y<x) and MoO3 when platinum electrode is cycled from -0.2 to 1.3V (vs. SCE) in 0.05 mol/L Na2MoO4 + 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution. During the formation of HxMoO3, the electrochemical reduction of molybdate existing in the form of polymolydate is reversible and is about a five-electron transfer reaction.
基金Project(50774094) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The extraction of zinc from zinc sulfate solution was investigated, using 20% saponified D2EHPA as an extractam and 260^# sulfonate kerosene as a diluent. The solution was stirred for 8 min at phase ratio （Vσ/Va） of 1.0：1.0, initial pH of 2.0 and stirring speed of 200 r/min. The results show that 75% zinc can be extracted from the zinc sulfate solution when the concentration of zinc is 18.7 g/L after being settled for 10 min. 88.60% zinc can be stripped by 196 g/L sulfuric acid, and zinc ion can be separated from ferric ion.
基金Project(2010ZX07212-008) supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment the China Molybdenum Co., Ltd.for financial support
文摘An novel method on preparation of precursor solution for solvent separation of molybdenum （Mo） and tungsten （W） by hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）-complexation from the ammonium tungstate solution containing high Mo was studied. The precursor solution was obtained via evaporation deamination and H202-complex transformation processes. Then it was extracted with a mixture extractant of tri-alkyl phosphine oxide （TRPO） and tributyl phosphate （TBP） to separate Mo and W. The results indicated that the evaporation deamination complex method reduced the acid consumption by more than 90% in comparison with the traditional directly acid regulation complex method. The transformation rates of W and Mo were higher than 95% and the decomposition rate of H202 was less than 15% at a 1.8-1.9 times H202 dosage, 45-50 ℃, initial pH of 1.80-1.90, and transformation volume ratio of 100% for 60 min in the H2O2-complexation transformation process. The minimum extraction rate of W was 2%, the maximum extraction rate of Mo was 82.6% and the highest separation coefficient was 76.7 in a single-stage extraction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21077044 and 21171069)
文摘A novel extractant,N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-didecyl-3-oxa-diglycolamide(DMDDDGA),was designed and synthesized for extraction of lanthanides in the nuclear fuel reprocessing.The extraction behaviors of Gd,Dy,Er and Ho from nitric acid solution were investigated using DMDDDGA in chloroform.The effects of nitric acid concentration,extractant concentration,and temperature on the extraction were investigated.The distribution ratio of lanthanides increases with concentrations of the extractant and nitric acid,but decreases with increasing temperature,which indicates that the extraction process is exothermic.FT-IR spectra indicated that the C=0 in DMDDDGA is coordinated with metal ion in the extracted species and the stoichiometries of lanthanides(Ⅲ)complex are Gd(NO_3)_3·3DMDDDGA,Dy(NO_3)_3·4DMDDDGA,Er(NO_3)_3·4DMDDDGA,and Ho(NO_3)_3·4DMDDDGA.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21461005)"Top Hundred Talents" Program of Science and Technology Development of Guizhou Province([2016]5658)
文摘It is very significant to recover rare earths （REs） from wet-process phosphoric acid, in terms of extraction rate and selectivity, the current carrier di（2-ethlhexly） phosphate （D2EHPA） out there is still inferior. Based on this question, our team modified D2EHPA to synthesize new extractants. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the extraction of rare earth ions （RE3＋） from phosphate leach solution using emulsion liquid membrane （ELM） in concentrated nitric acid medium. The ELM system is made up of （RO）2P（O）OPh-COOH as carrier, polyisocrotyl succinimide （T154） as surfactant, sulfonated kerosene as diluent, phosphoric acid （H3PO4） as stripping solution. Different chemical parameters such as type and concentration of carrier, surfactant, stripping solution, volume ratio of oil phase to internal phase, and volume ratio of emulsion ratio to external phase were analyzed. The extraction of RE^3＋ was evaluated by the yield of extraction. In addition, the demulsification process was also investigated. The proposed method of ELM using （RO）2P（O）OPh-COOH as carrier can he expected to provide an efficient, simplify operation, and facilitated method for extractine RE^3＋.
