The efficient separation of chalcopyrite(CuFeS2)and galena(PbS)is essential for optimal resource utilization.However,find-ing a selective depressant that is environmentally friendly and cost effective remains a challe...The efficient separation of chalcopyrite(CuFeS2)and galena(PbS)is essential for optimal resource utilization.However,find-ing a selective depressant that is environmentally friendly and cost effective remains a challenge.Through various techniques,such as mi-croflotation tests,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation,X-ray photoelectron spec-troscopy(XPS),and Raman spectroscopy measurements,this study explored the use of ferric ions(Fe^(3+))as a selective depressant for ga-lena.The results of flotation tests revealed the impressive selective inhibition capabilities of Fe^(3+)when used alone.Surface analysis showed that Fe^(3+)significantly reduced the adsorption of isopropyl ethyl thionocarbamate(IPETC)on the galena surface while having a minimal impact on chalcopyrite.Further analysis using SEM,XPS,and Raman spectra revealed that Fe^(3+)can oxidize lead sulfide to form compact lead sulfate nanoparticles on the galena surface,effectively depressing IPETC adsorption and increasing surface hydrophilicity.These findings provide a promising solution for the efficient and environmentally responsible separation of chalcopyrite and galena.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although the gastrointestinal tract is the most affected by Crohn’s disease(CD),the condition triggers other consequent manifestations,and iron deficiency anemia(IDA)is one of the most common.Intravenous(I...BACKGROUND Although the gastrointestinal tract is the most affected by Crohn’s disease(CD),the condition triggers other consequent manifestations,and iron deficiency anemia(IDA)is one of the most common.Intravenous(IV)iron replacement is currently available through several drugs,such as ferric hydroxide sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose(FCM).However,the clinical management of these conditions can be challenging.AIM To elucidate the drug’s effectiveness,the present study analyzed,through medical records,the clinical and epidemiological data of a cohort of patients with active CD who received IV FCM for the IDA treatment.METHODS This retrospective observational study included 25 patients with active CD,severe anemia,and refractory to previous conventional treatments.Patients were evaluated two times:During the last treatment with ferric hydroxide sucrose and treatment with FCM.RESULTS After treatment with FCM,parameters of IDA assessment significantly improved,serum hemoglobin(Hb)levels increased in 93%of patients(P<0.0001),and in 44%,there was an increase of≥2 g/dL in a single application.In addition,86%of the patients showed an increase in serum iron(P<0.0001)and ferritin(P=0.0008)and 50%in transferrin saturation(P=0.01).The serum iron levels at baseline showed a negative association with the ileal and colonic CD and use of biologics and a positive association with patients who developed CD later in life after the age of 40(A3)and with a stenosing(B2)and fistulizing(B3)phenotype.The values of Hb and hematocrit after ferric hydroxide sucrose treatment remained similar to those found before treatment.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that FCM is an important therapeutic strategy for treating IDA in CD patients,achieving satisfactory results in refractory cases.展开更多
In this article, a new type of coagulant material has been investigated and the performance of the coagulation process using this type of coagulant was evaluated. This new type is a combination of zinc oxide nanoparti...In this article, a new type of coagulant material has been investigated and the performance of the coagulation process using this type of coagulant was evaluated. This new type is a combination of zinc oxide nanoparticles and polyferric sulfate (ZnOPFS). The structure of zinc oxide nanoparticles was determined by spectroscopic, X-ray and electron microscopy methods, and based on this, it was determined that ZnOPFS is a complex and mixed compound that is mainly composed of zinc oxide nanoparticles and ferric sulfate. The effects of Zn/Fe (Zn/Fe) molar ratio and aging (time) on acidity and zeta potential were also evaluated using a specific method. The obtained results showed that in the simultaneous deposition process, zinc ions can prevent the formation of polyferric acid coagulation and subsequently improve the stability of ZnOPFS.展开更多
Polymeric phosphate ferric sulfate (PPFS),a new improved coagulation reagent,was prepared by polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS),Na2HPO4 and NaOH. The degree of iron polymerisation (Fepol) of PPFS was determined by means o...Polymeric phosphate ferric sulfate (PPFS),a new improved coagulation reagent,was prepared by polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS),Na2HPO4 and NaOH. The degree of iron polymerisation (Fepol) of PPFS was determined by means of the ferron-timed spectroscopy method. Furthermore,the effect of n(P)/n(Fe),alkalization degree,pH value,and PPFS dosage on the removal rate of eutrophic water turbidity and chl-a and ζ-potential of products were also investigated. The experimental results show that the best n(P)/n(Fe) of flocculation effect in stable product of PFFS is 0.3; the best alkalization degree of flocculation effect is 0.2,while the n(P)/n(Fe) is 0.3. Under the neutral and subalkalic (pH value is 7-8) conditions,PPFS achieves the best processing efficiency. PPFS has more excellent turbidity and higher chlorophyl removal rate by studying treatment eutrophic water in comparison with PFS.展开更多
The kinetics of ferric chloride leaching of sphalerite in the microwave field has being studied in this paper.According to the experimental data,the rate of dissolution of sphalerite microwave irradiation heating is f...The kinetics of ferric chloride leaching of sphalerite in the microwave field has being studied in this paper.According to the experimental data,the rate of dissolution of sphalerite microwave irradiation heating is faster than that with conventional heating.The dissolution of sphalerite in the microwave field was investigated in different condition of temperature,concentration of FeCl,and particle size and a nonisothermal kinetic equation has being obtained.展开更多
A new kind of flocculants, named Polymer Silicate Phosphate Ferric Sulfate(PSPFS), was synthesized by ferrous sulfate used as the main material and activated silicic acid as additive. In this paper, High-Viscosity Oil...A new kind of flocculants, named Polymer Silicate Phosphate Ferric Sulfate(PSPFS), was synthesized by ferrous sulfate used as the main material and activated silicic acid as additive. In this paper, High-Viscosity Oil Refining wastewater from Liaohe Petrochemical Corporation was the treatment object. Overall, the in-fluencing factors and synthesis technology conditions of PSPFS were determined by experiments. First of all, the conditions of influencing factors were showed as follows: the mass percent concentration of ferrous sulfate 55%,concentration of sodium silicate 15% , the molar ratio of ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide 1.2:1, oxidation temperature 40 degree Celsius, oxidation time 4 hours, polymerization temperature 60 de-gree Celsius and polymerization time 2 hours. Secondly, the optimal ratios of components were determined by uniform design method. The molar ratio of Fe/Si is 5.0:1, Fe/H2SO4 is 3.2:1, and Fe/P is 18.0:1. At last, the optimal experimental condition was determined as follows: the dosing quantity 200mg/L, pH value 5.5~9, temperature 25~45℃, stirring time 2 min, and standing time 3 min, according to the result of floc-culation experiments with PSPFS. Besides, the result of the comparative experiments showed that the effi-ciency of PSPFS was much better than the reference flocculants.展开更多
Background: Arterial calcification is a predictive marker in patient on hemodialysis (HD), but the relationship between arterial calcification and calciprotein particles (CPPs) is unclear. Methods: We examined the eff...Background: Arterial calcification is a predictive marker in patient on hemodialysis (HD), but the relationship between arterial calcification and calciprotein particles (CPPs) is unclear. Methods: We examined the effects of ferric citrate hydrate (JTT-751) on CPP level and evaluated changes in aortic arch calcification (AoAC) grade in patients on maintenance HD (MHD). In total, 70 MHD patients were enrolled in the study and followed for 24 months. We measured serum CPP levels and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF 23) among propensity score-matched MHD patients. One group (n = 35) was treated with CaCO3 and the other (n = 35) was treated with ferric citrate hydrate (JTT-751). AoAC was assessed on chest-X rays. Eligible patients continued the same treatment. Results: All 70 patients completed the study. Serum CPP levels reduced in the JTT-751 group, but were not significantly different in the CaCO3 group. Among patients whose baseline AoAC score (AoACS) was ≤ 4 (median), median AoACS increased from 0 (0 - 3) to 3 (2 - 4) (p 3 group, median AoACS increased from 2 (0 - 2) to 3 (0 - 4) (p Conclusion: These results indicate that the administration of JTT-751 decreased serum CPP levels but did not inhibit AoAC progression in patients on MHD.展开更多
Due to the complexity of structure,it is difficult to determine the content of sorghum tannins.The current method for the determination of sorghum tannins is the Ferric ammonium citrate assay described in ISO 9648.How...Due to the complexity of structure,it is difficult to determine the content of sorghum tannins.The current method for the determination of sorghum tannins is the Ferric ammonium citrate assay described in ISO 9648.However,the standard tannic acid(TA)used in the ISO 9648 method is significantly different in both structure and dynamics from sorghum tannins,resulting in inaccurate quantitative result.Furthermore,the extraction solvent,75%dimethylformamide(DMF),used in each step of this method had large toxicity to human.Hence,the objective of this study is to optimize the ISO 9648 method by selecting proper standard and extraction solvents so as to enhance the accuracy and safety.In this study,Sephadex LH-20 chromatography combined with high pressure liquid chromatography was used to purify and identify the extracted sorghum tannin(ST).Then,commercial TA,epicatechin(EA),grape seed procyanidin(PA)were selected as the standard and ST was used as reference for Ferric ammonium citrate assay to compare the effects of the three standards.Furthermore,the extraction rates of sorghum tannins in the presence of several low toxic solvents,such as absolute ethanol,absolute methanol,70%ethanol solution,70%methanol solution and 70%acetone solution,were compared to determine the alternative solvents of 75%DMF solution.The results showed that PA was superior to TA and EA in structure,with satisfactory color yield close to ST,and higher accuracy than TA.In terms of the extraction solvent,70%acetone solution was selected to replace 75%DMF solution because of its higher extraction yield(only next to 75%DMF)and low toxicity.Verification experiment results showed that both the recovery rate and the repeatability of the optimized method met the requirements of AOCO.Moreover,the optimized method,with higher accuracy and safety than the ISO 9648 method,can be applied widely in laboratory.展开更多
The effects of ferrous and ferric iron as well as redox potential on copper and iron extraction from the copper flotation concentrate of Sarcheshmeh, Kerman, Iran, were evaluated using shake flask leaching examination...The effects of ferrous and ferric iron as well as redox potential on copper and iron extraction from the copper flotation concentrate of Sarcheshmeh, Kerman, Iran, were evaluated using shake flask leaching examinations. Experiments were carried out in the presence and absence of a mixed culture of moderately thermophile microorganisms at 50?C. Chemical leaching experiments were performed in the absence and presence of 0.15 M iron (ferric added medium, ferrous added medium and a mixture medium regulated at 420 mV, Pt. vs. Ag/AgCl). In addition, bioleaching experiments were carried out in the presence and absence of 0.1 M iron (ferric and ferrous added mediua) at pulp density 10% (w/v), inoculated bacteria 20% (v/v), initial pH 1.6, nutrient medium Norris and yeast extract addition 0.02% (w/w). Abiotic leaching tests showed that the addition of iron at low solution redox potentials significantly increased the rate and extent of copper dissolution but when ferric iron was added, despite a higher initial rate of copper dissolution, leaching process stopped. Addition of both ferrous and ferric iron to the bioleaching medium levelled off the copper extraction and had an inhibitory effect which decreased the final redox potential. The monitoring of ferrous iron, ferric iron and copper extraction in leach solutions gave helpful results to understand the behaviour of iron cations during chemical and bacterial leaching processes.展开更多
A new secondary ore of rare earth was discovered in the Southwest of China. It is a kind of product of the weathered mineral. The rare earth elements (REE) in it exist probably as ionic characteristic adsorption state...A new secondary ore of rare earth was discovered in the Southwest of China. It is a kind of product of the weathered mineral. The rare earth elements (REE) in it exist probably as ionic characteristic adsorption state in manganesian and ferric oxide colloid mineral, and one bearer of REE is amorphous ferric oxide gel. It is neessary to study the binding state of rare earth elements on manganesian and ferric oxide in order to utilize comprehensively the rare earth resources and avoid latent influence on the environment resulting from the fact that highcontent rare earth elements are carried into soil by the mineral efflorescence. A simulating adsorption test of rare earth ions in weak acid media is carried out with ferric oxide gel prepared by sol-gel method. The experimental results show that the characteristics of adsorption isotherm correspond well with the Flory-Huggins equation, but deviated from the Langmuir equation. The standard molar adsorption Gibbs function, standard molar adsorption entropy and standard molar adsorption enthaply are calculated. The measurements of the point of zero charge and isoelectric point show occurrence of the characteristic adsorption. It has been proved that the OH group on the skeleton of ferric oxide gel is the innate cause of the characteristic adsorption.展开更多
Ferric oxides have drawn significant interest due to their unique properties, relatively low cost, and due to their potential applications in different fields. In this work, cobalt (Co) doped iron oxide (Fe2O3) powder...Ferric oxides have drawn significant interest due to their unique properties, relatively low cost, and due to their potential applications in different fields. In this work, cobalt (Co) doped iron oxide (Fe2O3) powders, with crystalline size 36.97 nm were successfully prepared using a microwave- hydrothermal process for the first time and characterised using different techniques. The morphology of the samples was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive analysis of X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The images show monodispersed particles with a sharp-edged square morphology. It was found that the average size was about 33.3 nm for Fe2O3 and 36.97 nm for Co-Fe2O3. The Co atomic percentage dopants were approximately 5.73%. The nanosized synthesised materials in this study may find an application in the areas of removal of toxic metal and dyes research.展开更多
BACKGROUND: In order to study the pathogenesis of iron-induced posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE), foreign scholars have established several kinds of PTE animal models, among which, the iron- induced PTE animal models propo...BACKGROUND: In order to study the pathogenesis of iron-induced posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE), foreign scholars have established several kinds of PTE animal models, among which, the iron- induced PTE animal models proposed by Willmore is the most famous. The iron-induced PTE animal models can be established by two methods: one is cortical ferric chloride injection (CFCI) and the other one is pial iontophoresis of ferric chloride (PIFC). Because Willmore did not give out the elaboration of the behaviors and electroencephalograms (EEGs) of the iron induced PTE animal models established by these two methods, so we have known little about these animal models. OBJECTIVE: To observe the behaviors and EEGs of the iron-induced PTE animal models established by PIFC and CFCI, in order to compare the differences and the study value of these two methods.DESIGN: Qualitative controlled observation trial.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Urumqi General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Forty healthy adult male SD rats, weighing 200 to 250 g, were involved in this experiment. Reagents and instruments: Ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H2O, Sigma USA), rat stereotaxic apparatus (ASI company, USA), the wireless blue tooth electroencephlograms recording system (Nuocheng electric Co.Ltd, Shanghai), a set of air turbine dental drill unit, dental base acrylic resin powder, microinjector (50 μL), amperemeter (1 mA), a pair of batteries, electric resistance (200 kΩ) , variable resistance (100 kΩ), tubule with endo-meridians of 2 mm (used as import tube), several silver wire segments and several acupuncture needles were employed in this study.METHODS: This study was carried out in the Experimental Animal Center of the Urumqi General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between November 2004 and April 2005. Establishing the PET animal models by CFCI method: Twenty SD rats were taken, intraperitoneally anesthetized with 50 mg/kg barbanylum and fixed on stereotaxic apparatus. A cranial burr hole with the diameter of 2 mm was drilled 3 mm behind the coronal suture and 2 mm lateral to the sagittal line on the left cranium. Another 5 cranial burr holes with diameter of 2 mm were drilled to place electrodes. The positions of holes were set that taking bregma as original point, sagittal line as Y-axis, the line through the original point and vertical to the Y-axis as X-axis. The unit of the coordinate axis was mm. The coordinate value of the electrodes were (4, 0), (4, -6), (-4, 0), (-4, -6), at last, a hole with the diameter of 2 mm was drilled on the center of the coronale. 5 μL ferric chloride solution (FeCl3, 100 mmol/L, pH 1.5) was injected into the sensorimotor cortex of rats using microinjector within 5 minutes. The needling depth was 3 mm. The needle was retained for 5 minutes so as to prevent the outflow of liquid. Establishing the PTE animal models by PIFC method: Twenty SD rats were chosen and weighed, and the procedures after weighing were as above.A cranial burr hole with the diameter of 4 mm was drilled in the position where needle inserted in animal models established by CFCI method. Cerebral dura mater was cut. Another 5 holes were drilled to place electrodes in the same position as above. The tip of tubule cotton stuffed inside (to prevent the rapid flow of FeCl3 solution, 100 mmol/L, pH 1.5) was gently connected to cerebral pia mater. The positive and negative electrodes of the amperemeter whose output current was 100 μA were connected to acupuncture needles. The acupuncture needle, which was connected to positive electrode, was inserted into ferric chloride solution, and that which was connected to negative electrode was inserted into the right forelimb of rats subcutaneously. The rats were galvanized for 10 minutes. Record of EEG: The silver wire with blunt anterior extremity was placed on the cerebral dura mater. Then, silver wire and cranial bones were firmly fixed with dental base acrylic resin power. The other side was connected to the wireless blue tooth electroencephlograms recording system to monitor EEG changes. Assessment criteria of seizure degree: Grade Ⅰ: "wet dog-like" shudder, facial muscle convulsion and chewing;Grade Ⅱ: rhythmical nodding;Grade Ⅲ: forelimb clonus;Grade Ⅳ: forelimb clonus while standing: Grade Ⅴ: lost the balance, vert, limb’s convulsion and the whole body’s tic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Behaviors and EEGs changes of iron-induced PTE animal models established by PTFC and CFCI. RESULTS: All the 40 rats were involved in the result analysis. ① The changes of the behaviors: The two animal models both had the epileptic seizures. The epileptic seizure of the animal model established by PIFC mainly presented automatic behavior of chewing, and facial muscle convulsion accompanied with chewing. Epileptic seizure reached the peak within 2.5 to 7 hours after model establishing.It was gradually decreased within 24 hours and hardly seen 1 day after model establishing. The epileptic seizure of the rat model established by CFCI mainly presented turnover upspring and limbs’ convulsion and urinary incontinence accompanied. The epileptic seizure reached the peak within 3 to 8 hours.It was relatively frequent within 1 week and gradually decreased within 2 weeks after model establishing. The PTE animal models established by CFCI were more closed to clinical PTE process. ② The form of seizures: The epileptic seizures of the rat model established by PIFC mainly presented grade Ⅰ, seldom presented grades Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ; The epileptic seizures of rat model established by CFCI mainly presented the head turning to the right, body’s rotation, then appeared as grades Ⅳ andⅤ, and the whole procedure lasted 1 minute. At the interval of big seizures, gradeⅠwas observed. From the respect of seizure manifestation, the PTE models established by CFCI were more similar to human PTE. ③ EEGs changes: The sharp waves with average frequency of 9.66 Hz and average amplitude of 183.90 μV were observed on the EEGs of the model established by PIFC when the rats were suffering seizures. The spike waves with average frequency of 16.01 Hz and average amplitude of 143.60 μV were observed on the EEGs of the model established by CFCI when the rats were suffering seizures.CONCLUSION: ①Iron-induced PTE rat model is stable and credible. ②Compared with PTE animal model established by PIFC, PTE animal model established by CFCI is a chronic animal model, and its seizure manifestation is more similar to human PTE, so it is worth further studies.展开更多
Understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress is likely to yield new insights regarding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our earlier work focused on the difference between hemoglobin and methemoglobin ...Understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress is likely to yield new insights regarding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our earlier work focused on the difference between hemoglobin and methemoglobin degradation, respectively leading to ferrous (Fe2+) iron, or ferric (Fe3+) iron. Methemoglobin has the role of carrier, the donor of cytotoxic and redox-active ferric (Fe3+) iron, which can directly accumulate and increase the rate of capillary endothelial cell apoptosis, and may cross into the brain parenchyma, to the astrocytes, glia, neurons, and other neuronal cells (neurovascular unit). This supposition helps us to understand the transport and neuronal accumulation process of ferric iron, and determine how iron is transported and accumulated intracellularly, identifiable as “Brain rust”. Earlier research found that the incidences of neonatal jaundice (p = 0.034), heart murmur (p = 0.011) and disorders such as dyslalia and learning/memory impairments (p = 0.002) were significantly higher in those children born from mothers with methemoglobinemia. Our hypothesis suggests that prenatal iron abnormalities could lead to greater neuronal death, the disease ageing process, and neurodegenerative disorders such as AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Ferric citrate hydrate is a phosphate (P)-binder drug that is indicated for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). <strong>...<strong>Background: </strong>Ferric citrate hydrate is a phosphate (P)-binder drug that is indicated for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). <strong>Objectives:</strong> The objectives of this study were to evaluate the changes in the serum mineral metabolism biomarker levels and treatment status of anemia in MHD patients receiving ferric citrate hydrate. <strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 132 adult dialysis patients were enrolled in this study. Bone turnover marker levels, anemia status and iron biomarker levels over a period of 18 months after the start of the ferric citrate hydrate treatment were extracted from the medical records of the patients.<strong> Results:</strong> At enrollment, 14 (10.6%) patients were P-binder-na<span style="white-space:nowrap;">ï</span>ve, and 118 (89.4%) patients were receiving other P-binders. The serum P level before the start of ferric citrate hydrate treatment was ≤5.5 mg/dL in 18.8% of the patients. After 18 months of ferric citrate hydrate treatment, the proportion of patients with serum P levels ≤ 5.5 mg/dL increased to 47.7%. The mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of the serum P level was 7.05 ± 0.14 mg/dL at the baseline, and decreased to 5.83 ± 0.17 mg/dL after 18 months of treatment with ferric citrate hydrate. The mean ± SEM of the serum hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and transferrin saturation (TSAT) levels were 11.96 ± 0.76 g/dL, 71.13 ± 6.09 ng/mL, and 25.19% ± 1.21%, respectively, at the baseline, and 11.45 ± 0.13 g/dL, 124.94 ± 8.62 ng/mL, and 26.18% ± 0.99%, respectively, after 18 months of ferric citrate hydrate treatment. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> These results suggest that the serum P and anemia biomarker levels observed in this study were similar to those reported in clinical trials.展开更多
In the paper, a new kind of electrochemical sensor was used for measuring the permeation rate of atomic hydrogen (H permeation current I) through the sensor in 5% HCI solution containing ferric ion with different conc...In the paper, a new kind of electrochemical sensor was used for measuring the permeation rate of atomic hydrogen (H permeation current I) through the sensor in 5% HCI solution containing ferric ion with different concentrations. The susceptibility of brittle fracture and the fracture mechanism of UNS G10190 steel in the solution were studied by slow strain rate tensile technique (SSRT), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cathodic and anodic polarization. The embrittlement of the steel in the solution was expressed as index of embrittlement (F%). The results showed that the fracture mechanism of the steel in 5%HCl aqueous solution containing ferric ion would be changed from hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) to anodic dissolution in nature with the increase of the concentration of ferric ion in the solution.展开更多
The thermal fatigue property of Cr-W-Mo-Ni-Mn-RE ferric-base hardfacing layer was investigated. The results show that the generation and propagation of thermal fatigue cracks prefer the parts of oxidation and etching ...The thermal fatigue property of Cr-W-Mo-Ni-Mn-RE ferric-base hardfacing layer was investigated. The results show that the generation and propagation of thermal fatigue cracks prefer the parts of oxidation and etching of the grain boundary, the joint efforts of cycle stress and oxidation at high temperatures are the main factors in the generation and propagation of thermal fatigue cracks. When the temperatures is below 600 ℃, the Cr-W-Mo-Ni-Mn-RE ferric-base hardfacing layer has higher ability of thermal fatigue resistance. The function of the alloy and rare earth elements was discussed.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span> Oral iron supplements, usually in the form of ferrous salts, are associated with gastric side effect...<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span> Oral iron supplements, usually in the form of ferrous salts, are associated with gastric side effects, poor compliance and failure of anemia treatment. To make iron more bioavailable, reduce the gastric side effects and increase the patient compliance, newer iron form, Ferric Sodium EDTA, has become available on the market. </span><b><span>Objective:</span></b><span> To assess the change in hemog</span><span>lobin level after iron supplementation with Ferric Sodium EDTA during </span><span>pregnancy. </span><b><span>Materials and Methods:</span></b><span> This is a longitudinal study concerning 337 </span><span>women attending antenatal care in maternity hospitals in the Democratic</span> <span>Republic of Congo from May to December 2020. The study included soci</span><span>odemographic and anthropometric variables along with type of feed, hemoglobin </span><span>level at recruitment and after three weeks of taking iron supplement with</span><span> Ferric Sodium EDTA (Hemoforce Plus Zinc</span></span><sup><span><span><sup></span><span>®</span><span></sup></span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span> syrup). For statistical analysis, we used t-test or ANOVA and chi-square test, the significance being stated at p < 0.05. </span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span> The frequency of pregnancy anemia was 51.4%. The mean </span><span>hemoglobin value of the overall study group was 8.7 ± 0.5 g/dL. The mean</span><span> maternal age and weight were 28.9 ± 6.2 years and 65.3 ± 11.7 kg, respectively. Most pregnant women (83.1%) had a diet consisting of food of plant and animal origin in equal proportions. Mean of Body Mass Index (BMI) was 24.6 ± 4.6 Kg/m</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span> and 44.3% were overweight and obese. The co-morbidities associated were malaria and intestinal parasitosis found in 45% and 5.9% of cases, </span><span>respectively. After iron treatment with Ferric Sodium EDTA, the average</span><span> hemoglobin level increased to 11.2 g/dL with mean gain of 2.5 g/dL (p < 0.001). Pregnant women with excess weight (≥90 kg) and malaria as a comorbidity achieved a significantly lower mean hemoglobin gain (p = 0.014 and p = 0.022, respectively). Majority of women (91.2%) had not experienced the metallic taste of the syrup. </span><b><span>Conclusion:</span></b><span> Ferric Sodium EDTA as a novel iron formulation (Hemoforce Plus Zinc</span></span><sup><span><span><sup></span><span>®</span><span></sup></span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span>) has shown a rapid increase in hemoglobin levels in pregnant women suffering from anemia. The speedy rise in hemoglobin is related to the property of Ferric Sodium EDTA to enhance the iron absorption by inhibiting the dietary iron inhibitors. Thus, Ferric Sodium </span><span>EDTA should be used as an effective and promising iron supplement in</span><span> pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia.</span></span>展开更多
With the rapid growing of nanotechnology, the effects of nanomaterials released into the environment on plants have drawn more and more attention. Iron is an element essential for plant growth and development. Iron is...With the rapid growing of nanotechnology, the effects of nanomaterials released into the environment on plants have drawn more and more attention. Iron is an element essential for plant growth and development. Iron is involved in chlorophyll formation;iron deficiency will cause a plant disorder known as chlorosis. However, whether iron in nano-ferric oxide can be absorbed by plants were rarely concerned. Nano-ferric oxide might promote the growth and development of plants in a suitable concentration. An experiment was designed to evaluate whether nano-ferric oxide can be used to treat chlorosis and the physiological changes of plants in nano-ferric oxide environment. Watermelon was chosen as the experimental plant. Seedlings of watermelon plants were grown in full nutrient solution without iron for 2 weeks until the leaves got yellow. Then the seedlings were treated with different concentrations of nano-ferric oxide (0, 20, 50, 100 mg/L) and 50 mmol/L of EDTA-Fe(II) for a month. The control group seedlings were still grown in full nutrient solution without any iron. Indicators such as activity of antioxidase like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein were studied to measure the physiological effects nano-ferric oxide might have on watermelon. It was observed that the leaves reverted green. Experimental data showed that watermelon absorbed iron from nano-ferric oxide, and nano-ferric oxide promoted watermelon growth in some ways in a suitable concentration.展开更多
Edible mushrooms, known for many years and considered as functional foods, contain a wide variety of biomolecules with nutritional and medicinal properties. Pleurotus species, especially Pleurotus pulmonarius, Pleurot...Edible mushrooms, known for many years and considered as functional foods, contain a wide variety of biomolecules with nutritional and medicinal properties. Pleurotus species, especially Pleurotus pulmonarius, Pleurotus floridanus and Pleurotus sajor-caju are the most commonly consumed in Cameroon. The present work aims to study the “in vitro” antiradical activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power of extracts of formulations of these three species. Mushrooms were harvested in two mycicultures from Cameroon, then dried and crushed finely to obtain powders. In well-defined proportions, ten different formulations were made and their aqueous, ethanol and hydroethanol extracts prepared. These were used to determine total phenolic content by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method, the antioxidant activity determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, with vitamin C (ascorbic acid) as standard. The results obtained from the ten formulations, including thirty extracts, showed that all the extracts had quite significant ferric reducing power at C = 1 mg/ml, (7.35 - 26.02 mg EAA/g). They also had good percentages of DPPH radical inhibition at C = 25 mg/ml (60.40% - 77.72%) and a significant polyphenol content at C = 100 mg/ml (13.73 - 21.15 mg CE/g). The aqueous extracts had the best activities compared to the standard. In addition, a strong positive linear correlation exists between polyphenol content and the scavenging property (R2 = 0.9063;p = 0.0003) also with the ferric reducing test (R2 = 0.9253;p = 0.0001);suggesting the responsibility of these compounds for these activities. This study suggests that these mushrooms may be used as a natural source of potential antioxidants for food supplements and their consumption is strongly recommended for their beneficial effects on health through, the protection of the human body against the oxidative damage involved in the occurrence of many chronic diseases.展开更多
A kind of Fe-polysilicate polymer,poly-silicic-ferric(PSF)coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization(hydroxylation of mixtureof Fe3+and fresh polysilicic acid(PS)),in which PSF0.5,PSF1 or PSF3 denotes Si/Fe molar rat...A kind of Fe-polysilicate polymer,poly-silicic-ferric(PSF)coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization(hydroxylation of mixtureof Fe3+and fresh polysilicic acid(PS)),in which PSF0.5,PSF1 or PSF3 denotes Si/Fe molar ratio of 0.5,1 or 3,respectively.Theeffects of Si/Fe ratio and reaction time(co-polymerization time or aging time)on the reaction mode between Si and Fe were studies,and the optimal species of PSF was evaluated by pH change during the preparation of PSF and coagulation tests.The results showedthat the characteristics of PSF are largely affected by both reaction time and Si/Fe ratio.PSF is found to be a essential complex of Si,Fe,and many other ions.The reaction mode between Si and Fe differs with various Si/Fe ratios.The pH of PSF0.5,PSF1 or PSF3tended to be stable when reaction time is 10,25 or 55 min,respectively,which is almost consistent with the time reaching the relativestable morphology that is just the optimal species of higher coagulation effciency.The optimal reaction time reaching optimal speciescan be evaluated by measuring the pH change during the polymerization process.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52204298 and 52004335)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFC2904502 and 2022YFC2904501)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province(No.202202AB080012)the Science Research Initiation Fund of Central South University(No.202044019).
文摘The efficient separation of chalcopyrite(CuFeS2)and galena(PbS)is essential for optimal resource utilization.However,find-ing a selective depressant that is environmentally friendly and cost effective remains a challenge.Through various techniques,such as mi-croflotation tests,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation,X-ray photoelectron spec-troscopy(XPS),and Raman spectroscopy measurements,this study explored the use of ferric ions(Fe^(3+))as a selective depressant for ga-lena.The results of flotation tests revealed the impressive selective inhibition capabilities of Fe^(3+)when used alone.Surface analysis showed that Fe^(3+)significantly reduced the adsorption of isopropyl ethyl thionocarbamate(IPETC)on the galena surface while having a minimal impact on chalcopyrite.Further analysis using SEM,XPS,and Raman spectra revealed that Fe^(3+)can oxidize lead sulfide to form compact lead sulfate nanoparticles on the galena surface,effectively depressing IPETC adsorption and increasing surface hydrophilicity.These findings provide a promising solution for the efficient and environmentally responsible separation of chalcopyrite and galena.
基金Supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq),No.302557/2021-0(to Leal RF)the Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel[CAPES(Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior),Brazil],No.001(to Siqueira NSN),the São Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP),No.2021/02997-9(to D.O.S.A.).
文摘BACKGROUND Although the gastrointestinal tract is the most affected by Crohn’s disease(CD),the condition triggers other consequent manifestations,and iron deficiency anemia(IDA)is one of the most common.Intravenous(IV)iron replacement is currently available through several drugs,such as ferric hydroxide sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose(FCM).However,the clinical management of these conditions can be challenging.AIM To elucidate the drug’s effectiveness,the present study analyzed,through medical records,the clinical and epidemiological data of a cohort of patients with active CD who received IV FCM for the IDA treatment.METHODS This retrospective observational study included 25 patients with active CD,severe anemia,and refractory to previous conventional treatments.Patients were evaluated two times:During the last treatment with ferric hydroxide sucrose and treatment with FCM.RESULTS After treatment with FCM,parameters of IDA assessment significantly improved,serum hemoglobin(Hb)levels increased in 93%of patients(P<0.0001),and in 44%,there was an increase of≥2 g/dL in a single application.In addition,86%of the patients showed an increase in serum iron(P<0.0001)and ferritin(P=0.0008)and 50%in transferrin saturation(P=0.01).The serum iron levels at baseline showed a negative association with the ileal and colonic CD and use of biologics and a positive association with patients who developed CD later in life after the age of 40(A3)and with a stenosing(B2)and fistulizing(B3)phenotype.The values of Hb and hematocrit after ferric hydroxide sucrose treatment remained similar to those found before treatment.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that FCM is an important therapeutic strategy for treating IDA in CD patients,achieving satisfactory results in refractory cases.
文摘In this article, a new type of coagulant material has been investigated and the performance of the coagulation process using this type of coagulant was evaluated. This new type is a combination of zinc oxide nanoparticles and polyferric sulfate (ZnOPFS). The structure of zinc oxide nanoparticles was determined by spectroscopic, X-ray and electron microscopy methods, and based on this, it was determined that ZnOPFS is a complex and mixed compound that is mainly composed of zinc oxide nanoparticles and ferric sulfate. The effects of Zn/Fe (Zn/Fe) molar ratio and aging (time) on acidity and zeta potential were also evaluated using a specific method. The obtained results showed that in the simultaneous deposition process, zinc ions can prevent the formation of polyferric acid coagulation and subsequently improve the stability of ZnOPFS.
基金Project(20777095) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(CSTC, 2006AB7055) supported by Chongqing Science and Technology Commission of ChinaProject(708071) supported by the Cultivation Fund of the Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project,Ministry of Education,China
文摘Polymeric phosphate ferric sulfate (PPFS),a new improved coagulation reagent,was prepared by polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS),Na2HPO4 and NaOH. The degree of iron polymerisation (Fepol) of PPFS was determined by means of the ferron-timed spectroscopy method. Furthermore,the effect of n(P)/n(Fe),alkalization degree,pH value,and PPFS dosage on the removal rate of eutrophic water turbidity and chl-a and ζ-potential of products were also investigated. The experimental results show that the best n(P)/n(Fe) of flocculation effect in stable product of PFFS is 0.3; the best alkalization degree of flocculation effect is 0.2,while the n(P)/n(Fe) is 0.3. Under the neutral and subalkalic (pH value is 7-8) conditions,PPFS achieves the best processing efficiency. PPFS has more excellent turbidity and higher chlorophyl removal rate by studying treatment eutrophic water in comparison with PFS.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China。
文摘The kinetics of ferric chloride leaching of sphalerite in the microwave field has being studied in this paper.According to the experimental data,the rate of dissolution of sphalerite microwave irradiation heating is faster than that with conventional heating.The dissolution of sphalerite in the microwave field was investigated in different condition of temperature,concentration of FeCl,and particle size and a nonisothermal kinetic equation has being obtained.
文摘A new kind of flocculants, named Polymer Silicate Phosphate Ferric Sulfate(PSPFS), was synthesized by ferrous sulfate used as the main material and activated silicic acid as additive. In this paper, High-Viscosity Oil Refining wastewater from Liaohe Petrochemical Corporation was the treatment object. Overall, the in-fluencing factors and synthesis technology conditions of PSPFS were determined by experiments. First of all, the conditions of influencing factors were showed as follows: the mass percent concentration of ferrous sulfate 55%,concentration of sodium silicate 15% , the molar ratio of ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide 1.2:1, oxidation temperature 40 degree Celsius, oxidation time 4 hours, polymerization temperature 60 de-gree Celsius and polymerization time 2 hours. Secondly, the optimal ratios of components were determined by uniform design method. The molar ratio of Fe/Si is 5.0:1, Fe/H2SO4 is 3.2:1, and Fe/P is 18.0:1. At last, the optimal experimental condition was determined as follows: the dosing quantity 200mg/L, pH value 5.5~9, temperature 25~45℃, stirring time 2 min, and standing time 3 min, according to the result of floc-culation experiments with PSPFS. Besides, the result of the comparative experiments showed that the effi-ciency of PSPFS was much better than the reference flocculants.
文摘Background: Arterial calcification is a predictive marker in patient on hemodialysis (HD), but the relationship between arterial calcification and calciprotein particles (CPPs) is unclear. Methods: We examined the effects of ferric citrate hydrate (JTT-751) on CPP level and evaluated changes in aortic arch calcification (AoAC) grade in patients on maintenance HD (MHD). In total, 70 MHD patients were enrolled in the study and followed for 24 months. We measured serum CPP levels and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF 23) among propensity score-matched MHD patients. One group (n = 35) was treated with CaCO3 and the other (n = 35) was treated with ferric citrate hydrate (JTT-751). AoAC was assessed on chest-X rays. Eligible patients continued the same treatment. Results: All 70 patients completed the study. Serum CPP levels reduced in the JTT-751 group, but were not significantly different in the CaCO3 group. Among patients whose baseline AoAC score (AoACS) was ≤ 4 (median), median AoACS increased from 0 (0 - 3) to 3 (2 - 4) (p 3 group, median AoACS increased from 2 (0 - 2) to 3 (0 - 4) (p Conclusion: These results indicate that the administration of JTT-751 decreased serum CPP levels but did not inhibit AoAC progression in patients on MHD.
基金funding of the ISO/TC34/SC4the Construction of Wheat Technology System in Henan Province(S201701-G06)special fund。
文摘Due to the complexity of structure,it is difficult to determine the content of sorghum tannins.The current method for the determination of sorghum tannins is the Ferric ammonium citrate assay described in ISO 9648.However,the standard tannic acid(TA)used in the ISO 9648 method is significantly different in both structure and dynamics from sorghum tannins,resulting in inaccurate quantitative result.Furthermore,the extraction solvent,75%dimethylformamide(DMF),used in each step of this method had large toxicity to human.Hence,the objective of this study is to optimize the ISO 9648 method by selecting proper standard and extraction solvents so as to enhance the accuracy and safety.In this study,Sephadex LH-20 chromatography combined with high pressure liquid chromatography was used to purify and identify the extracted sorghum tannin(ST).Then,commercial TA,epicatechin(EA),grape seed procyanidin(PA)were selected as the standard and ST was used as reference for Ferric ammonium citrate assay to compare the effects of the three standards.Furthermore,the extraction rates of sorghum tannins in the presence of several low toxic solvents,such as absolute ethanol,absolute methanol,70%ethanol solution,70%methanol solution and 70%acetone solution,were compared to determine the alternative solvents of 75%DMF solution.The results showed that PA was superior to TA and EA in structure,with satisfactory color yield close to ST,and higher accuracy than TA.In terms of the extraction solvent,70%acetone solution was selected to replace 75%DMF solution because of its higher extraction yield(only next to 75%DMF)and low toxicity.Verification experiment results showed that both the recovery rate and the repeatability of the optimized method met the requirements of AOCO.Moreover,the optimized method,with higher accuracy and safety than the ISO 9648 method,can be applied widely in laboratory.
文摘The effects of ferrous and ferric iron as well as redox potential on copper and iron extraction from the copper flotation concentrate of Sarcheshmeh, Kerman, Iran, were evaluated using shake flask leaching examinations. Experiments were carried out in the presence and absence of a mixed culture of moderately thermophile microorganisms at 50?C. Chemical leaching experiments were performed in the absence and presence of 0.15 M iron (ferric added medium, ferrous added medium and a mixture medium regulated at 420 mV, Pt. vs. Ag/AgCl). In addition, bioleaching experiments were carried out in the presence and absence of 0.1 M iron (ferric and ferrous added mediua) at pulp density 10% (w/v), inoculated bacteria 20% (v/v), initial pH 1.6, nutrient medium Norris and yeast extract addition 0.02% (w/w). Abiotic leaching tests showed that the addition of iron at low solution redox potentials significantly increased the rate and extent of copper dissolution but when ferric iron was added, despite a higher initial rate of copper dissolution, leaching process stopped. Addition of both ferrous and ferric iron to the bioleaching medium levelled off the copper extraction and had an inhibitory effect which decreased the final redox potential. The monitoring of ferrous iron, ferric iron and copper extraction in leach solutions gave helpful results to understand the behaviour of iron cations during chemical and bacterial leaching processes.
文摘A new secondary ore of rare earth was discovered in the Southwest of China. It is a kind of product of the weathered mineral. The rare earth elements (REE) in it exist probably as ionic characteristic adsorption state in manganesian and ferric oxide colloid mineral, and one bearer of REE is amorphous ferric oxide gel. It is neessary to study the binding state of rare earth elements on manganesian and ferric oxide in order to utilize comprehensively the rare earth resources and avoid latent influence on the environment resulting from the fact that highcontent rare earth elements are carried into soil by the mineral efflorescence. A simulating adsorption test of rare earth ions in weak acid media is carried out with ferric oxide gel prepared by sol-gel method. The experimental results show that the characteristics of adsorption isotherm correspond well with the Flory-Huggins equation, but deviated from the Langmuir equation. The standard molar adsorption Gibbs function, standard molar adsorption entropy and standard molar adsorption enthaply are calculated. The measurements of the point of zero charge and isoelectric point show occurrence of the characteristic adsorption. It has been proved that the OH group on the skeleton of ferric oxide gel is the innate cause of the characteristic adsorption.
文摘Ferric oxides have drawn significant interest due to their unique properties, relatively low cost, and due to their potential applications in different fields. In this work, cobalt (Co) doped iron oxide (Fe2O3) powders, with crystalline size 36.97 nm were successfully prepared using a microwave- hydrothermal process for the first time and characterised using different techniques. The morphology of the samples was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive analysis of X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The images show monodispersed particles with a sharp-edged square morphology. It was found that the average size was about 33.3 nm for Fe2O3 and 36.97 nm for Co-Fe2O3. The Co atomic percentage dopants were approximately 5.73%. The nanosized synthesised materials in this study may find an application in the areas of removal of toxic metal and dyes research.
文摘BACKGROUND: In order to study the pathogenesis of iron-induced posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE), foreign scholars have established several kinds of PTE animal models, among which, the iron- induced PTE animal models proposed by Willmore is the most famous. The iron-induced PTE animal models can be established by two methods: one is cortical ferric chloride injection (CFCI) and the other one is pial iontophoresis of ferric chloride (PIFC). Because Willmore did not give out the elaboration of the behaviors and electroencephalograms (EEGs) of the iron induced PTE animal models established by these two methods, so we have known little about these animal models. OBJECTIVE: To observe the behaviors and EEGs of the iron-induced PTE animal models established by PIFC and CFCI, in order to compare the differences and the study value of these two methods.DESIGN: Qualitative controlled observation trial.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Urumqi General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Forty healthy adult male SD rats, weighing 200 to 250 g, were involved in this experiment. Reagents and instruments: Ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H2O, Sigma USA), rat stereotaxic apparatus (ASI company, USA), the wireless blue tooth electroencephlograms recording system (Nuocheng electric Co.Ltd, Shanghai), a set of air turbine dental drill unit, dental base acrylic resin powder, microinjector (50 μL), amperemeter (1 mA), a pair of batteries, electric resistance (200 kΩ) , variable resistance (100 kΩ), tubule with endo-meridians of 2 mm (used as import tube), several silver wire segments and several acupuncture needles were employed in this study.METHODS: This study was carried out in the Experimental Animal Center of the Urumqi General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between November 2004 and April 2005. Establishing the PET animal models by CFCI method: Twenty SD rats were taken, intraperitoneally anesthetized with 50 mg/kg barbanylum and fixed on stereotaxic apparatus. A cranial burr hole with the diameter of 2 mm was drilled 3 mm behind the coronal suture and 2 mm lateral to the sagittal line on the left cranium. Another 5 cranial burr holes with diameter of 2 mm were drilled to place electrodes. The positions of holes were set that taking bregma as original point, sagittal line as Y-axis, the line through the original point and vertical to the Y-axis as X-axis. The unit of the coordinate axis was mm. The coordinate value of the electrodes were (4, 0), (4, -6), (-4, 0), (-4, -6), at last, a hole with the diameter of 2 mm was drilled on the center of the coronale. 5 μL ferric chloride solution (FeCl3, 100 mmol/L, pH 1.5) was injected into the sensorimotor cortex of rats using microinjector within 5 minutes. The needling depth was 3 mm. The needle was retained for 5 minutes so as to prevent the outflow of liquid. Establishing the PTE animal models by PIFC method: Twenty SD rats were chosen and weighed, and the procedures after weighing were as above.A cranial burr hole with the diameter of 4 mm was drilled in the position where needle inserted in animal models established by CFCI method. Cerebral dura mater was cut. Another 5 holes were drilled to place electrodes in the same position as above. The tip of tubule cotton stuffed inside (to prevent the rapid flow of FeCl3 solution, 100 mmol/L, pH 1.5) was gently connected to cerebral pia mater. The positive and negative electrodes of the amperemeter whose output current was 100 μA were connected to acupuncture needles. The acupuncture needle, which was connected to positive electrode, was inserted into ferric chloride solution, and that which was connected to negative electrode was inserted into the right forelimb of rats subcutaneously. The rats were galvanized for 10 minutes. Record of EEG: The silver wire with blunt anterior extremity was placed on the cerebral dura mater. Then, silver wire and cranial bones were firmly fixed with dental base acrylic resin power. The other side was connected to the wireless blue tooth electroencephlograms recording system to monitor EEG changes. Assessment criteria of seizure degree: Grade Ⅰ: "wet dog-like" shudder, facial muscle convulsion and chewing;Grade Ⅱ: rhythmical nodding;Grade Ⅲ: forelimb clonus;Grade Ⅳ: forelimb clonus while standing: Grade Ⅴ: lost the balance, vert, limb’s convulsion and the whole body’s tic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Behaviors and EEGs changes of iron-induced PTE animal models established by PTFC and CFCI. RESULTS: All the 40 rats were involved in the result analysis. ① The changes of the behaviors: The two animal models both had the epileptic seizures. The epileptic seizure of the animal model established by PIFC mainly presented automatic behavior of chewing, and facial muscle convulsion accompanied with chewing. Epileptic seizure reached the peak within 2.5 to 7 hours after model establishing.It was gradually decreased within 24 hours and hardly seen 1 day after model establishing. The epileptic seizure of the rat model established by CFCI mainly presented turnover upspring and limbs’ convulsion and urinary incontinence accompanied. The epileptic seizure reached the peak within 3 to 8 hours.It was relatively frequent within 1 week and gradually decreased within 2 weeks after model establishing. The PTE animal models established by CFCI were more closed to clinical PTE process. ② The form of seizures: The epileptic seizures of the rat model established by PIFC mainly presented grade Ⅰ, seldom presented grades Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ; The epileptic seizures of rat model established by CFCI mainly presented the head turning to the right, body’s rotation, then appeared as grades Ⅳ andⅤ, and the whole procedure lasted 1 minute. At the interval of big seizures, gradeⅠwas observed. From the respect of seizure manifestation, the PTE models established by CFCI were more similar to human PTE. ③ EEGs changes: The sharp waves with average frequency of 9.66 Hz and average amplitude of 183.90 μV were observed on the EEGs of the model established by PIFC when the rats were suffering seizures. The spike waves with average frequency of 16.01 Hz and average amplitude of 143.60 μV were observed on the EEGs of the model established by CFCI when the rats were suffering seizures.CONCLUSION: ①Iron-induced PTE rat model is stable and credible. ②Compared with PTE animal model established by PIFC, PTE animal model established by CFCI is a chronic animal model, and its seizure manifestation is more similar to human PTE, so it is worth further studies.
文摘Understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress is likely to yield new insights regarding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our earlier work focused on the difference between hemoglobin and methemoglobin degradation, respectively leading to ferrous (Fe2+) iron, or ferric (Fe3+) iron. Methemoglobin has the role of carrier, the donor of cytotoxic and redox-active ferric (Fe3+) iron, which can directly accumulate and increase the rate of capillary endothelial cell apoptosis, and may cross into the brain parenchyma, to the astrocytes, glia, neurons, and other neuronal cells (neurovascular unit). This supposition helps us to understand the transport and neuronal accumulation process of ferric iron, and determine how iron is transported and accumulated intracellularly, identifiable as “Brain rust”. Earlier research found that the incidences of neonatal jaundice (p = 0.034), heart murmur (p = 0.011) and disorders such as dyslalia and learning/memory impairments (p = 0.002) were significantly higher in those children born from mothers with methemoglobinemia. Our hypothesis suggests that prenatal iron abnormalities could lead to greater neuronal death, the disease ageing process, and neurodegenerative disorders such as AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Ferric citrate hydrate is a phosphate (P)-binder drug that is indicated for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). <strong>Objectives:</strong> The objectives of this study were to evaluate the changes in the serum mineral metabolism biomarker levels and treatment status of anemia in MHD patients receiving ferric citrate hydrate. <strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 132 adult dialysis patients were enrolled in this study. Bone turnover marker levels, anemia status and iron biomarker levels over a period of 18 months after the start of the ferric citrate hydrate treatment were extracted from the medical records of the patients.<strong> Results:</strong> At enrollment, 14 (10.6%) patients were P-binder-na<span style="white-space:nowrap;">ï</span>ve, and 118 (89.4%) patients were receiving other P-binders. The serum P level before the start of ferric citrate hydrate treatment was ≤5.5 mg/dL in 18.8% of the patients. After 18 months of ferric citrate hydrate treatment, the proportion of patients with serum P levels ≤ 5.5 mg/dL increased to 47.7%. The mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of the serum P level was 7.05 ± 0.14 mg/dL at the baseline, and decreased to 5.83 ± 0.17 mg/dL after 18 months of treatment with ferric citrate hydrate. The mean ± SEM of the serum hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and transferrin saturation (TSAT) levels were 11.96 ± 0.76 g/dL, 71.13 ± 6.09 ng/mL, and 25.19% ± 1.21%, respectively, at the baseline, and 11.45 ± 0.13 g/dL, 124.94 ± 8.62 ng/mL, and 26.18% ± 0.99%, respectively, after 18 months of ferric citrate hydrate treatment. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> These results suggest that the serum P and anemia biomarker levels observed in this study were similar to those reported in clinical trials.
文摘In the paper, a new kind of electrochemical sensor was used for measuring the permeation rate of atomic hydrogen (H permeation current I) through the sensor in 5% HCI solution containing ferric ion with different concentrations. The susceptibility of brittle fracture and the fracture mechanism of UNS G10190 steel in the solution were studied by slow strain rate tensile technique (SSRT), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cathodic and anodic polarization. The embrittlement of the steel in the solution was expressed as index of embrittlement (F%). The results showed that the fracture mechanism of the steel in 5%HCl aqueous solution containing ferric ion would be changed from hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) to anodic dissolution in nature with the increase of the concentration of ferric ion in the solution.
文摘The thermal fatigue property of Cr-W-Mo-Ni-Mn-RE ferric-base hardfacing layer was investigated. The results show that the generation and propagation of thermal fatigue cracks prefer the parts of oxidation and etching of the grain boundary, the joint efforts of cycle stress and oxidation at high temperatures are the main factors in the generation and propagation of thermal fatigue cracks. When the temperatures is below 600 ℃, the Cr-W-Mo-Ni-Mn-RE ferric-base hardfacing layer has higher ability of thermal fatigue resistance. The function of the alloy and rare earth elements was discussed.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span> Oral iron supplements, usually in the form of ferrous salts, are associated with gastric side effects, poor compliance and failure of anemia treatment. To make iron more bioavailable, reduce the gastric side effects and increase the patient compliance, newer iron form, Ferric Sodium EDTA, has become available on the market. </span><b><span>Objective:</span></b><span> To assess the change in hemog</span><span>lobin level after iron supplementation with Ferric Sodium EDTA during </span><span>pregnancy. </span><b><span>Materials and Methods:</span></b><span> This is a longitudinal study concerning 337 </span><span>women attending antenatal care in maternity hospitals in the Democratic</span> <span>Republic of Congo from May to December 2020. The study included soci</span><span>odemographic and anthropometric variables along with type of feed, hemoglobin </span><span>level at recruitment and after three weeks of taking iron supplement with</span><span> Ferric Sodium EDTA (Hemoforce Plus Zinc</span></span><sup><span><span><sup></span><span>®</span><span></sup></span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span> syrup). For statistical analysis, we used t-test or ANOVA and chi-square test, the significance being stated at p < 0.05. </span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span> The frequency of pregnancy anemia was 51.4%. The mean </span><span>hemoglobin value of the overall study group was 8.7 ± 0.5 g/dL. The mean</span><span> maternal age and weight were 28.9 ± 6.2 years and 65.3 ± 11.7 kg, respectively. Most pregnant women (83.1%) had a diet consisting of food of plant and animal origin in equal proportions. Mean of Body Mass Index (BMI) was 24.6 ± 4.6 Kg/m</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span> and 44.3% were overweight and obese. The co-morbidities associated were malaria and intestinal parasitosis found in 45% and 5.9% of cases, </span><span>respectively. After iron treatment with Ferric Sodium EDTA, the average</span><span> hemoglobin level increased to 11.2 g/dL with mean gain of 2.5 g/dL (p < 0.001). Pregnant women with excess weight (≥90 kg) and malaria as a comorbidity achieved a significantly lower mean hemoglobin gain (p = 0.014 and p = 0.022, respectively). Majority of women (91.2%) had not experienced the metallic taste of the syrup. </span><b><span>Conclusion:</span></b><span> Ferric Sodium EDTA as a novel iron formulation (Hemoforce Plus Zinc</span></span><sup><span><span><sup></span><span>®</span><span></sup></span></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span>) has shown a rapid increase in hemoglobin levels in pregnant women suffering from anemia. The speedy rise in hemoglobin is related to the property of Ferric Sodium EDTA to enhance the iron absorption by inhibiting the dietary iron inhibitors. Thus, Ferric Sodium </span><span>EDTA should be used as an effective and promising iron supplement in</span><span> pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia.</span></span>
文摘With the rapid growing of nanotechnology, the effects of nanomaterials released into the environment on plants have drawn more and more attention. Iron is an element essential for plant growth and development. Iron is involved in chlorophyll formation;iron deficiency will cause a plant disorder known as chlorosis. However, whether iron in nano-ferric oxide can be absorbed by plants were rarely concerned. Nano-ferric oxide might promote the growth and development of plants in a suitable concentration. An experiment was designed to evaluate whether nano-ferric oxide can be used to treat chlorosis and the physiological changes of plants in nano-ferric oxide environment. Watermelon was chosen as the experimental plant. Seedlings of watermelon plants were grown in full nutrient solution without iron for 2 weeks until the leaves got yellow. Then the seedlings were treated with different concentrations of nano-ferric oxide (0, 20, 50, 100 mg/L) and 50 mmol/L of EDTA-Fe(II) for a month. The control group seedlings were still grown in full nutrient solution without any iron. Indicators such as activity of antioxidase like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein were studied to measure the physiological effects nano-ferric oxide might have on watermelon. It was observed that the leaves reverted green. Experimental data showed that watermelon absorbed iron from nano-ferric oxide, and nano-ferric oxide promoted watermelon growth in some ways in a suitable concentration.
文摘Edible mushrooms, known for many years and considered as functional foods, contain a wide variety of biomolecules with nutritional and medicinal properties. Pleurotus species, especially Pleurotus pulmonarius, Pleurotus floridanus and Pleurotus sajor-caju are the most commonly consumed in Cameroon. The present work aims to study the “in vitro” antiradical activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power of extracts of formulations of these three species. Mushrooms were harvested in two mycicultures from Cameroon, then dried and crushed finely to obtain powders. In well-defined proportions, ten different formulations were made and their aqueous, ethanol and hydroethanol extracts prepared. These were used to determine total phenolic content by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method, the antioxidant activity determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, with vitamin C (ascorbic acid) as standard. The results obtained from the ten formulations, including thirty extracts, showed that all the extracts had quite significant ferric reducing power at C = 1 mg/ml, (7.35 - 26.02 mg EAA/g). They also had good percentages of DPPH radical inhibition at C = 25 mg/ml (60.40% - 77.72%) and a significant polyphenol content at C = 100 mg/ml (13.73 - 21.15 mg CE/g). The aqueous extracts had the best activities compared to the standard. In addition, a strong positive linear correlation exists between polyphenol content and the scavenging property (R2 = 0.9063;p = 0.0003) also with the ferric reducing test (R2 = 0.9253;p = 0.0001);suggesting the responsibility of these compounds for these activities. This study suggests that these mushrooms may be used as a natural source of potential antioxidants for food supplements and their consumption is strongly recommended for their beneficial effects on health through, the protection of the human body against the oxidative damage involved in the occurrence of many chronic diseases.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Projects (973) of China(No.2004CB418500).
文摘A kind of Fe-polysilicate polymer,poly-silicic-ferric(PSF)coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization(hydroxylation of mixtureof Fe3+and fresh polysilicic acid(PS)),in which PSF0.5,PSF1 or PSF3 denotes Si/Fe molar ratio of 0.5,1 or 3,respectively.Theeffects of Si/Fe ratio and reaction time(co-polymerization time or aging time)on the reaction mode between Si and Fe were studies,and the optimal species of PSF was evaluated by pH change during the preparation of PSF and coagulation tests.The results showedthat the characteristics of PSF are largely affected by both reaction time and Si/Fe ratio.PSF is found to be a essential complex of Si,Fe,and many other ions.The reaction mode between Si and Fe differs with various Si/Fe ratios.The pH of PSF0.5,PSF1 or PSF3tended to be stable when reaction time is 10,25 or 55 min,respectively,which is almost consistent with the time reaching the relativestable morphology that is just the optimal species of higher coagulation effciency.The optimal reaction time reaching optimal speciescan be evaluated by measuring the pH change during the polymerization process.
