Based on the equivalent circuit model of a two-port optical receiver front-end,the relationship between the equivalent input noise current spectral density and the noise figure is analyzed. The derived relationship ha...Based on the equivalent circuit model of a two-port optical receiver front-end,the relationship between the equivalent input noise current spectral density and the noise figure is analyzed. The derived relationship has universal validity for determining the equivalent input noise current spectral density for optical receiver designs, as verified by measuring a 155Mb/s high-impedance optical receiver front.end. Good agreement between calculated and simulated results has been achieved.展开更多
Figure has always been a "bottleneck" of high-quality interpretation. This paper attempts a theoretical analysis of the main causes of the bottleneck and discusses the skill of interpreting figures. It also ...Figure has always been a "bottleneck" of high-quality interpretation. This paper attempts a theoretical analysis of the main causes of the bottleneck and discusses the skill of interpreting figures. It also sums up intensively various forms related to interpreting figures for interpreters to achieve a high-quality interpretation.展开更多
Introduction This page provides general information for authors creating figures to maximize the quality of those illustrations and to prepare artwork for submission to BioMed Central journals.Guidelines on specific t...Introduction This page provides general information for authors creating figures to maximize the quality of those illustrations and to prepare artwork for submission to BioMed Central journals.Guidelines on specific types of figures,and on supported file formats are also available.BioMed Central encourages authors to use figures where this will increase the clarity of an article.The use of colour figures in articles is free of charge.展开更多
A new thermoelectric material Ag8SnS6, with ultra-low thermal conductivity in thin film shape, is prepared on indium tin oxide coated g/ass （ITO） substrates using a chemical process via the electrodeposition techniq...A new thermoelectric material Ag8SnS6, with ultra-low thermal conductivity in thin film shape, is prepared on indium tin oxide coated g/ass （ITO） substrates using a chemical process via the electrodeposition technique. The structural, thermal and electrical properties are studied and presented in detail, which demonstrate that the material is of semiconductor type, orthorhombic structure, with a band gap in the order of 1.56eV and a free carrier concentration of 1.46 × 10^17 cm-3. The thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, thermal conduction mode, Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity are determined using the photo-thermal deflection technique combined with the Boltzmann transport theory and Cahill＇s model, showing that the AgsSnS6 material has a low thermal conductivity of 3.8 Wm - 1K- 1, high electrical conductivity of 2.4 × 10^5 Sm- 1, Seebeck coefficient of -180μVK-1 and a power factor of 6.9mWK-2m-1, implying that it is more efficient than those obtained in recently experimental investigations for thermoelectric devices.展开更多
The magnetic property of soft magnetic metals and alloys depends strongly on the crystallo-graphic orientation. In automated equipment for orientation research, the intensity for drawing up the pole figure is measured...The magnetic property of soft magnetic metals and alloys depends strongly on the crystallo-graphic orientation. In automated equipment for orientation research, the intensity for drawing up the pole figure is measured in detail. The present research shows that the accurate pole figure can be drawn up without measuring concretely the intensity. For directional Si steel sheet the measuring step may be 4～5 degrees. In this paper the experimental equation for defo-cusing correction was derived from the experimental data in different specimens with random orientation.展开更多
This study was aimed at investigating the sampling strategies for 2 types of figures: 3-D cubes and human faces. The research was focused on: (a) from where the sampling process started; (b) in what order the figures&...This study was aimed at investigating the sampling strategies for 2 types of figures: 3-D cubes and human faces. The research was focused on: (a) from where the sampling process started; (b) in what order the figures' features were sampled. The study consisted of 2 experiments: (a) sampling strategies for 3-D cubes; (b) sampling strategies for human faces. The results showed that: (a), for 3-D cubes, the first sampling was mostly located at the outline parts, rarely at the center part; while for human faces, the first sampling was mostly located at the hair and outline parts, rarely at the mouth or cheek parts, in most cases, the first sampling-position had no significant effects on cognitive performance and that (b), the sampling order, both for 3-D cubes and for human faces, was determined by the degree of difference among the sampled-features.展开更多
Co-application of propofol preconditioning and postconditioning results in potent protective effects against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury and prolongs the spinal cord＇s tolerance to ischemia. This protecti...Co-application of propofol preconditioning and postconditioning results in potent protective effects against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury and prolongs the spinal cord＇s tolerance to ischemia. This protection is associated with the anti-lipid peroxidation capacity of the spinal cord tissues. This image depicts histological changes of spinal cord tissues from rabbits following ischemia/ reperfusion injury by hematoxylin-eosin staining. These spinal cord tissues exhibit necrosis with karyolysis and neuropil vacuolation.展开更多
7.6%The China Acad emy of Sciences fore cast 7.6 percent fo annual GDP growth this year,according to its report released.80m The nation added approximately 80 million mobile Internet users in 2013 and more than 80 per...7.6%The China Acad emy of Sciences fore cast 7.6 percent fo annual GDP growth this year,according to its report released.80m The nation added approximately 80 million mobile Internet users in 2013 and more than 80 percent of Chinese netizens are using smartphones to log onto the World Wide Web,said the China Internet Network Information Center.展开更多
A Figure of speech is a deviation from the ordinary use of words with aview to increasing their effect,Thus we can say,'Bring the mainstay here',We can also say,'Her son is her mainstay.'Here'mains...A Figure of speech is a deviation from the ordinary use of words with aview to increasing their effect,Thus we can say,'Bring the mainstay here',We can also say,'Her son is her mainstay.'Here'mainstay'is used in afiguratine or non-literal sense and signifies'chief support'. Figures of speech are classified under three main heads.The mostimportant kinds of figures are given under each head for reference.展开更多
The Song of Solomon is a series of love poems which contain 6 pieces of love poems and most part in the form of songs addressed by a man to a woman, and by the woman to the man, in order to express the love between th...The Song of Solomon is a series of love poems which contain 6 pieces of love poems and most part in the form of songs addressed by a man to a woman, and by the woman to the man, in order to express the love between them.Figures of speech are ways of making our language figurative. They can be divided into three parts, they are syntactical, semantic and phonetic rhetorical devices. These rhetorical devices can help us to heighten effect and to make the writing figuratively and vividly.These figures of speech used in the Song of Solomon make great contribution to the success description of these long songs.This essay will center on the figures of speech in the Song of Solomon.展开更多
As I entered Original Workshop located in Wuqing Development Zone in Tianjin, a coastal city adjacent to Beijing, I was immediately impressed by vivid Peking opera figure sculptures exhibited on the display stand. 60 ...As I entered Original Workshop located in Wuqing Development Zone in Tianjin, a coastal city adjacent to Beijing, I was immediately impressed by vivid Peking opera figure sculptures exhibited on the display stand. 60 extremely lifelike figure sculptures depicting classic roles in Peking opera unfolded before me the history of Peking opera in a graphic, realistic manner.展开更多
We investigate the sensitivity and figure of merit （FOM） of a localized surface plasmon （LSP） sensor with gold nanograting on the top of planar metallic film. The sensitivity of the localized surface plasmon senso...We investigate the sensitivity and figure of merit （FOM） of a localized surface plasmon （LSP） sensor with gold nanograting on the top of planar metallic film. The sensitivity of the localized surface plasmon sensor is 317 nm/RIU, and the FOM is predicted to be above 8, which is very high for a localized surface plasmon sensor. By employing the rigorous coupled-wave analysis （RCWA） method, we analyze the distribution of the magnetic field and find that the sensing property of our proposed system is attributed to the interactions between the localized surface plasmon around the gold nanostrips and the surface plasmon polarition on the surface of the gold planar metallic film. These findings are important for developing high FOM localized surface plasmon sensors.展开更多
In this paper, linguistic methodology is suggested for approaching figures of speech formed due to shift of cognitive relations. First, requisite features, possible features and impossible features are proposed on the...In this paper, linguistic methodology is suggested for approaching figures of speech formed due to shift of cognitive relations. First, requisite features, possible features and impossible features are proposed on the basis of semantic analysis and their interrelationships and expressions are discussed. Then it is further argued that all figures formed due to shift of cognitive relation are expressed to accept an impossible feature; and there are four semantic forms to accept it: “zero distance/distanced”, “implicit/explicit”, “direct/indirect”, “positive/negative”. Finally, starting from the two approaches to figures we comment on the traditional idea of separating decoration and substance and the new idea of “function as form”.展开更多
Figure of merit analysis is a general methodology used to evaluate whether a hybrid power plant could produce more power than two stand-alone power plants. In this paper, the assessment methodology using figure of mer...Figure of merit analysis is a general methodology used to evaluate whether a hybrid power plant could produce more power than two stand-alone power plants. In this paper, the assessment methodology using figure of merit analysis was re-examined for a hybrid solar-geothermal power plant. A new definition of the figure of merit was introduced specifically for a solar boosted geothermal plant to include both the technical and economic factors. The new definition was then applied in a case study of a hypothetical demonstration hybrid solar-geothermal power plant in Australia. The power plant was considered to have a typical net power output of 2.2 MW with a solar energy fraction of 27%. The analysis was performed to compare the power output and capital cost of the hybrid plant with the state-of-the-art (SoA) and existing stand-alone solar and geothermal plants. Based on the new definition, the hybrid plant was found to generally outperform the two existing stand-alone plants. Moreover, at an ambient temperature of 5 °C, the hybrid plant was found to outperform the SoA stand-alone plants when the geothermal temperature was greater than 150 °C. For geothermal temperature of 180 °C on the other hand, the hybrid plant outperformed the SoA stand-alone plants at ambient temperatures lower than 33 °C.展开更多
According to the requirement of multi-parameter time and frequency measurement without frequency normalization,a different frequency synchronization theory is proposed based on Lissajous figure method and the variatio...According to the requirement of multi-parameter time and frequency measurement without frequency normalization,a different frequency synchronization theory is proposed based on Lissajous figure method and the variation lawof Lissajous figure which are used in practice teaching of frequency measurement. The theory can achieve high-precision transmission and comparison of time and frequency and precise locking and tracking of phase and frequency,improve the level of scientific research on time and frequency for postgraduate,and promote practice teaching innovation of time frequency measurement for undergraduate. Utilizing the ratio of horizontal and vertical inflection point of the Lissajous figure,the nominal frequency of the measured signal is precisely calculated.The frequency deviation between the measured frequency and its nominal frequency can be obtained by combining the turning cycle of the Lissajous figure. By observing the phase relationship between the frequency standard signal and the measured signal,the accurate measurement of the frequency is implemented. Experimental results showthat the direct measurement and comparison better than the 10-11 order of magnitude with common frequency source can be finished between any signal frequencies.The frequency measurement method based on the theory has the advantage of simple operation,quick measurement speed,small error,lownoise and high measurement precision. It plays an important role in time synchronization,communications,metrology,scientific research,educational technology practice and equipment and other fields.展开更多
文摘Based on the equivalent circuit model of a two-port optical receiver front-end,the relationship between the equivalent input noise current spectral density and the noise figure is analyzed. The derived relationship has universal validity for determining the equivalent input noise current spectral density for optical receiver designs, as verified by measuring a 155Mb/s high-impedance optical receiver front.end. Good agreement between calculated and simulated results has been achieved.
文摘Figure has always been a "bottleneck" of high-quality interpretation. This paper attempts a theoretical analysis of the main causes of the bottleneck and discusses the skill of interpreting figures. It also sums up intensively various forms related to interpreting figures for interpreters to achieve a high-quality interpretation.
文摘Introduction This page provides general information for authors creating figures to maximize the quality of those illustrations and to prepare artwork for submission to BioMed Central journals.Guidelines on specific types of figures,and on supported file formats are also available.BioMed Central encourages authors to use figures where this will increase the clarity of an article.The use of colour figures in articles is free of charge.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Deanship of University of Dammam under Grant No 2014264
文摘A new thermoelectric material Ag8SnS6, with ultra-low thermal conductivity in thin film shape, is prepared on indium tin oxide coated g/ass （ITO） substrates using a chemical process via the electrodeposition technique. The structural, thermal and electrical properties are studied and presented in detail, which demonstrate that the material is of semiconductor type, orthorhombic structure, with a band gap in the order of 1.56eV and a free carrier concentration of 1.46 × 10^17 cm-3. The thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, thermal conduction mode, Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity are determined using the photo-thermal deflection technique combined with the Boltzmann transport theory and Cahill＇s model, showing that the AgsSnS6 material has a low thermal conductivity of 3.8 Wm - 1K- 1, high electrical conductivity of 2.4 × 10^5 Sm- 1, Seebeck coefficient of -180μVK-1 and a power factor of 6.9mWK-2m-1, implying that it is more efficient than those obtained in recently experimental investigations for thermoelectric devices.
文摘The magnetic property of soft magnetic metals and alloys depends strongly on the crystallo-graphic orientation. In automated equipment for orientation research, the intensity for drawing up the pole figure is measured in detail. The present research shows that the accurate pole figure can be drawn up without measuring concretely the intensity. For directional Si steel sheet the measuring step may be 4～5 degrees. In this paper the experimental equation for defo-cusing correction was derived from the experimental data in different specimens with random orientation.
基金Project (No. 39670262) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe International Scholar Exchange Fellowship Program (2000) of the Korea Foundation For Advanced Studies
文摘This study was aimed at investigating the sampling strategies for 2 types of figures: 3-D cubes and human faces. The research was focused on: (a) from where the sampling process started; (b) in what order the figures' features were sampled. The study consisted of 2 experiments: (a) sampling strategies for 3-D cubes; (b) sampling strategies for human faces. The results showed that: (a), for 3-D cubes, the first sampling was mostly located at the outline parts, rarely at the center part; while for human faces, the first sampling was mostly located at the hair and outline parts, rarely at the mouth or cheek parts, in most cases, the first sampling-position had no significant effects on cognitive performance and that (b), the sampling order, both for 3-D cubes and for human faces, was determined by the degree of difference among the sampled-features.
文摘Co-application of propofol preconditioning and postconditioning results in potent protective effects against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury and prolongs the spinal cord＇s tolerance to ischemia. This protection is associated with the anti-lipid peroxidation capacity of the spinal cord tissues. This image depicts histological changes of spinal cord tissues from rabbits following ischemia/ reperfusion injury by hematoxylin-eosin staining. These spinal cord tissues exhibit necrosis with karyolysis and neuropil vacuolation.
文摘7.6%The China Acad emy of Sciences fore cast 7.6 percent fo annual GDP growth this year,according to its report released.80m The nation added approximately 80 million mobile Internet users in 2013 and more than 80 percent of Chinese netizens are using smartphones to log onto the World Wide Web,said the China Internet Network Information Center.
文摘A Figure of speech is a deviation from the ordinary use of words with aview to increasing their effect,Thus we can say,'Bring the mainstay here',We can also say,'Her son is her mainstay.'Here'mainstay'is used in afiguratine or non-literal sense and signifies'chief support'. Figures of speech are classified under three main heads.The mostimportant kinds of figures are given under each head for reference.
文摘The Song of Solomon is a series of love poems which contain 6 pieces of love poems and most part in the form of songs addressed by a man to a woman, and by the woman to the man, in order to express the love between them.Figures of speech are ways of making our language figurative. They can be divided into three parts, they are syntactical, semantic and phonetic rhetorical devices. These rhetorical devices can help us to heighten effect and to make the writing figuratively and vividly.These figures of speech used in the Song of Solomon make great contribution to the success description of these long songs.This essay will center on the figures of speech in the Song of Solomon.
文摘As I entered Original Workshop located in Wuqing Development Zone in Tianjin, a coastal city adjacent to Beijing, I was immediately impressed by vivid Peking opera figure sculptures exhibited on the display stand. 60 extremely lifelike figure sculptures depicting classic roles in Peking opera unfolded before me the history of Peking opera in a graphic, realistic manner.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research Program of China(Grant No.2011ZX01015-001)
文摘We investigate the sensitivity and figure of merit （FOM） of a localized surface plasmon （LSP） sensor with gold nanograting on the top of planar metallic film. The sensitivity of the localized surface plasmon sensor is 317 nm/RIU, and the FOM is predicted to be above 8, which is very high for a localized surface plasmon sensor. By employing the rigorous coupled-wave analysis （RCWA） method, we analyze the distribution of the magnetic field and find that the sensing property of our proposed system is attributed to the interactions between the localized surface plasmon around the gold nanostrips and the surface plasmon polarition on the surface of the gold planar metallic film. These findings are important for developing high FOM localized surface plasmon sensors.
文摘In this paper, linguistic methodology is suggested for approaching figures of speech formed due to shift of cognitive relations. First, requisite features, possible features and impossible features are proposed on the basis of semantic analysis and their interrelationships and expressions are discussed. Then it is further argued that all figures formed due to shift of cognitive relation are expressed to accept an impossible feature; and there are four semantic forms to accept it: “zero distance/distanced”, “implicit/explicit”, “direct/indirect”, “positive/negative”. Finally, starting from the two approaches to figures we comment on the traditional idea of separating decoration and substance and the new idea of “function as form”.
文摘Figure of merit analysis is a general methodology used to evaluate whether a hybrid power plant could produce more power than two stand-alone power plants. In this paper, the assessment methodology using figure of merit analysis was re-examined for a hybrid solar-geothermal power plant. A new definition of the figure of merit was introduced specifically for a solar boosted geothermal plant to include both the technical and economic factors. The new definition was then applied in a case study of a hypothetical demonstration hybrid solar-geothermal power plant in Australia. The power plant was considered to have a typical net power output of 2.2 MW with a solar energy fraction of 27%. The analysis was performed to compare the power output and capital cost of the hybrid plant with the state-of-the-art (SoA) and existing stand-alone solar and geothermal plants. Based on the new definition, the hybrid plant was found to generally outperform the two existing stand-alone plants. Moreover, at an ambient temperature of 5 °C, the hybrid plant was found to outperform the SoA stand-alone plants when the geothermal temperature was greater than 150 °C. For geothermal temperature of 180 °C on the other hand, the hybrid plant outperformed the SoA stand-alone plants at ambient temperatures lower than 33 °C.
基金Supported by the Project of Higher Education Teaching Reform and Practice in Henan Province(2017SJGLX353)the Project of Science and Technology on Electronic Information Control Laboratory,the Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province(16HASTIT036)+2 种基金the Educational Technology Equipment and Practical Education of Henan Province(GZS028)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1304618)the Key Projects of Science And Technology of Henan Province(152102210351)
文摘According to the requirement of multi-parameter time and frequency measurement without frequency normalization,a different frequency synchronization theory is proposed based on Lissajous figure method and the variation lawof Lissajous figure which are used in practice teaching of frequency measurement. The theory can achieve high-precision transmission and comparison of time and frequency and precise locking and tracking of phase and frequency,improve the level of scientific research on time and frequency for postgraduate,and promote practice teaching innovation of time frequency measurement for undergraduate. Utilizing the ratio of horizontal and vertical inflection point of the Lissajous figure,the nominal frequency of the measured signal is precisely calculated.The frequency deviation between the measured frequency and its nominal frequency can be obtained by combining the turning cycle of the Lissajous figure. By observing the phase relationship between the frequency standard signal and the measured signal,the accurate measurement of the frequency is implemented. Experimental results showthat the direct measurement and comparison better than the 10-11 order of magnitude with common frequency source can be finished between any signal frequencies.The frequency measurement method based on the theory has the advantage of simple operation,quick measurement speed,small error,lownoise and high measurement precision. It plays an important role in time synchronization,communications,metrology,scientific research,educational technology practice and equipment and other fields.
