This study proposes a conceptual design of green hydrogen production via proton exchange membrane electrolysis powered by a floating solar photovoltaic system.The system contributes to industrial decarbonization in wh...This study proposes a conceptual design of green hydrogen production via proton exchange membrane electrolysis powered by a floating solar photovoltaic system.The system contributes to industrial decarbonization in which hydrogen blending with natural gas is proposed as an approach to smooth the energy transition.The proposed design addresses the challenge of supplying a continuous flow-rate of green hydrogen,which is typically demanded by industrial end users.This study particularly considers a realistic area required for the installation of a floating solar photovoltaic system.To enable the green hydrogen production of 7.5 million standard cubic feet per day,the required structure includes the floating solar photovoltaic system and Li-ion batteries with the nominal capacities of 518.4 megawatts and 780.8 megawatt-hours.This is equivalent to the requirement for 1524765 photovoltaic modules and 3718 Li-ion batteries.The assessment confirms the technical viability of the proposed concept of green hydrogen production,transportation and blending.While the present commercialization is hindered by economics due to a high green hydrogen production cost of USD 26.95 per kg,this green hydrogen pathway is expected to be competitive with grey hydrogen produced via coal gasification and via natural gas steam reforming by 2043 and 2047,respectively.展开更多
The floating photovoltaic membrane prototype developed by Ocean Sun was selected as a reference object,and a 1∶40 scale laboratory model was designed and produced to further explore the impact of inflow conditions on...The floating photovoltaic membrane prototype developed by Ocean Sun was selected as a reference object,and a 1∶40 scale laboratory model was designed and produced to further explore the impact of inflow conditions on the hydrodynamic properties of the membrane structure.By conducting free attenuation tests,results showed that the inflow has only a slight effect on the natural frequencies of the heave,pitch,and surge of the membrane structure.This finding shows that the dynamic properties of the membrane structure remain essentially stable under different inflow conditions.The results of further regular and irregular wave hydrodynamic experiments show that,compared with the control group,the response of the membrane structure under inflow conditions in terms of heave,pitch,surge,and heave acceleration motions is relatively gentle,whereas the response of the membrane structure to the mooring force is strong.Especially when the waves are irregular,the inflow conditions have a more significant impact on the membrane structure,which may lead to more complex response changes in the structure.Therefore,in the actual engineering design process,the impact of inflow conditions on the behavior of the membrane structure must be fully considered,and appropriate engineering measures must be taken to ensure the safety and stability of the structure.展开更多
In this paper,an experimental investigation on the wave loads and structural motions of two semi-fixed semi-immersed horizontal cylinders type rafts in the free surface zone is conducted.The physical mod-els are teste...In this paper,an experimental investigation on the wave loads and structural motions of two semi-fixed semi-immersed horizontal cylinders type rafts in the free surface zone is conducted.The physical mod-els are tested at the 1:4.5 scale and exposed to a range of regular and irregular waves in a wave flume at Queen’s University Belfast.The physical models and experimental setup are discussed alongside an in-vestigation of the hydrodynamic phenomena,surge forces,and dynamic responses that each structure ex-hibits in the coastal wave climates.Furthermore,an investigation into the wave attenuation by both mod-els is carried out.The results show that the surge forces have a positive correlation with wave steepness for both models.Hydrodynamic phenomena such as wave runup and overtopping,radiative damping and reflected waves,constructive interference,diffraction and flow separation were identified during the ex-periments.A negative mean heave displacement is observed during the monochromatic sea states which could result in impact loading and submergence of the superstructure components and photovoltaic pan-els at full-scale.The results presented in this paper may be used to calibrate and verify numerical models that calculate the global responses and hydrodynamic forces.It may also benefit the design processes of geometrically similar floating solar technologies by providing data on surge loads,motion responses and hydrodynamic observations.展开更多
Floating photovoltaic systems(FPVs)are one of the emerging renewable-energy technologies suitable for implementation in land-scarce areas around the world.The installation of FPVs in water bodies in highly populated c...Floating photovoltaic systems(FPVs)are one of the emerging renewable-energy technologies suitable for implementation in land-scarce areas around the world.The installation of FPVs in water bodies in highly populated countries such as India will improve renewable-energy production with added advantages in terms of efficiency,water savings and reduced carbon emissions.In this context,the present study aims to identify suitable reservoirs for solar energy production using FPV technology in Tamil Nadu,India using geographic information system techniques.A total of 118 reservoirs located in the study area were considered.The results have shown that the implementation of FPV systems will significantly improve the production of renewable energy.The most suitable res-ervoirs with hydroelectric power plants for hybrid FPV implementation and their potential to reduce water evaporation and carbon emissions are presented.The results reveal that hybrid systems will generate 1542.53 GWh of power annually and also save 36.32×10^(6)m^(3)of water every year.The results of this investigation will aid in fulfilling sustainable energy production in India,and the meth-odology presented may be useful for the analysis and prioritization of reservoirs for the implementation of FPV all over the world.展开更多
Floating photovoltaic(FPV)systems are one of the globally emerging technologies of renewable energy production that tend to balance the water-energy demand by effectively saving the evaporated water from reservoirs wh...Floating photovoltaic(FPV)systems are one of the globally emerging technologies of renewable energy production that tend to balance the water-energy demand by effectively saving the evaporated water from reservoirs while generating electrical power.This study presents the performance analysis of a model FPV plant in an Indian reservoir.The Mettur dam reservoir located in Tamil Nadu,India with a hydroelectric power plant of 150-MW capacity is considered as a test case.The preliminary design of the FPV plant is proposed based on a detailed study of the key design elements and their suitability for Indian reservoirs.The proposed plant is numerically analysed for various tilt angles,mounting systems and tracking mechanisms in order to assess its potential power generation.A flat-mount system in landscape orientation was found to exhibit a high performance ratio.Further,a fixed-tilt FPV system with a panel slope of 10°and an FPV system with single-axis tracking were found to be suitable for the Mettur reservoir.Further,cost analysis of the FPV system is also presented along with the carbon-footprint estimation to establish the economic and environmental benefits of the system.The results show that the total potential CO_(2) saving by a FPV system with tracking is 135918.87 t CO_(2) and it is 12.5%higher than that of a fixed-mount FPV system.展开更多
Inland floating photovoltaic power plants(IFPPPs)are the key to making full use of water advantages to develop solar resources in the future.Identifying the investment risk is an important prerequisite for promoting t...Inland floating photovoltaic power plants(IFPPPs)are the key to making full use of water advantages to develop solar resources in the future.Identifying the investment risk is an important prerequisite for promoting the projects on a large scale.This paper proposes a model to assess the investment risk of IFPPPs in China.First,this paper identifies the investment risk factors and establishes an evaluation indicator system from four aspects.Second,the indicator data are collected and described by adopting hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets and triangular fuzzy numbers to ensure soundness and completeness.Third,a weighted method combining the best-worst method and the entropy method are utilized to determine the indicator weights under the consideration of the impact of subjective preferences and objective fairness.Fourth,the results show that the overall risk level of China’s IFPPPs is‘medium low’.Fifth,sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis are implemented to examine the stability of the evaluation results.Finally,this paper also provides some risk-response strategies for the development of China’s IFPPPs from economy,society,technology and environment.展开更多
基金funded by the Osaka Gas Foundation of International Cultural Exchange Year 2022/2023(PKS-1813/UN2.F4.D/PPM.00.00/2022).
文摘This study proposes a conceptual design of green hydrogen production via proton exchange membrane electrolysis powered by a floating solar photovoltaic system.The system contributes to industrial decarbonization in which hydrogen blending with natural gas is proposed as an approach to smooth the energy transition.The proposed design addresses the challenge of supplying a continuous flow-rate of green hydrogen,which is typically demanded by industrial end users.This study particularly considers a realistic area required for the installation of a floating solar photovoltaic system.To enable the green hydrogen production of 7.5 million standard cubic feet per day,the required structure includes the floating solar photovoltaic system and Li-ion batteries with the nominal capacities of 518.4 megawatts and 780.8 megawatt-hours.This is equivalent to the requirement for 1524765 photovoltaic modules and 3718 Li-ion batteries.The assessment confirms the technical viability of the proposed concept of green hydrogen production,transportation and blending.While the present commercialization is hindered by economics due to a high green hydrogen production cost of USD 26.95 per kg,this green hydrogen pathway is expected to be competitive with grey hydrogen produced via coal gasification and via natural gas steam reforming by 2043 and 2047,respectively.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171274).
文摘The floating photovoltaic membrane prototype developed by Ocean Sun was selected as a reference object,and a 1∶40 scale laboratory model was designed and produced to further explore the impact of inflow conditions on the hydrodynamic properties of the membrane structure.By conducting free attenuation tests,results showed that the inflow has only a slight effect on the natural frequencies of the heave,pitch,and surge of the membrane structure.This finding shows that the dynamic properties of the membrane structure remain essentially stable under different inflow conditions.The results of further regular and irregular wave hydrodynamic experiments show that,compared with the control group,the response of the membrane structure under inflow conditions in terms of heave,pitch,surge,and heave acceleration motions is relatively gentle,whereas the response of the membrane structure to the mooring force is strong.Especially when the waves are irregular,the inflow conditions have a more significant impact on the membrane structure,which may lead to more complex response changes in the structure.Therefore,in the actual engineering design process,the impact of inflow conditions on the behavior of the membrane structure must be fully considered,and appropriate engineering measures must be taken to ensure the safety and stability of the structure.
文摘In this paper,an experimental investigation on the wave loads and structural motions of two semi-fixed semi-immersed horizontal cylinders type rafts in the free surface zone is conducted.The physical mod-els are tested at the 1:4.5 scale and exposed to a range of regular and irregular waves in a wave flume at Queen’s University Belfast.The physical models and experimental setup are discussed alongside an in-vestigation of the hydrodynamic phenomena,surge forces,and dynamic responses that each structure ex-hibits in the coastal wave climates.Furthermore,an investigation into the wave attenuation by both mod-els is carried out.The results show that the surge forces have a positive correlation with wave steepness for both models.Hydrodynamic phenomena such as wave runup and overtopping,radiative damping and reflected waves,constructive interference,diffraction and flow separation were identified during the ex-periments.A negative mean heave displacement is observed during the monochromatic sea states which could result in impact loading and submergence of the superstructure components and photovoltaic pan-els at full-scale.The results presented in this paper may be used to calibrate and verify numerical models that calculate the global responses and hydrodynamic forces.It may also benefit the design processes of geometrically similar floating solar technologies by providing data on surge loads,motion responses and hydrodynamic observations.
文摘Floating photovoltaic systems(FPVs)are one of the emerging renewable-energy technologies suitable for implementation in land-scarce areas around the world.The installation of FPVs in water bodies in highly populated countries such as India will improve renewable-energy production with added advantages in terms of efficiency,water savings and reduced carbon emissions.In this context,the present study aims to identify suitable reservoirs for solar energy production using FPV technology in Tamil Nadu,India using geographic information system techniques.A total of 118 reservoirs located in the study area were considered.The results have shown that the implementation of FPV systems will significantly improve the production of renewable energy.The most suitable res-ervoirs with hydroelectric power plants for hybrid FPV implementation and their potential to reduce water evaporation and carbon emissions are presented.The results reveal that hybrid systems will generate 1542.53 GWh of power annually and also save 36.32×10^(6)m^(3)of water every year.The results of this investigation will aid in fulfilling sustainable energy production in India,and the meth-odology presented may be useful for the analysis and prioritization of reservoirs for the implementation of FPV all over the world.
文摘Floating photovoltaic(FPV)systems are one of the globally emerging technologies of renewable energy production that tend to balance the water-energy demand by effectively saving the evaporated water from reservoirs while generating electrical power.This study presents the performance analysis of a model FPV plant in an Indian reservoir.The Mettur dam reservoir located in Tamil Nadu,India with a hydroelectric power plant of 150-MW capacity is considered as a test case.The preliminary design of the FPV plant is proposed based on a detailed study of the key design elements and their suitability for Indian reservoirs.The proposed plant is numerically analysed for various tilt angles,mounting systems and tracking mechanisms in order to assess its potential power generation.A flat-mount system in landscape orientation was found to exhibit a high performance ratio.Further,a fixed-tilt FPV system with a panel slope of 10°and an FPV system with single-axis tracking were found to be suitable for the Mettur reservoir.Further,cost analysis of the FPV system is also presented along with the carbon-footprint estimation to establish the economic and environmental benefits of the system.The results show that the total potential CO_(2) saving by a FPV system with tracking is 135918.87 t CO_(2) and it is 12.5%higher than that of a fixed-mount FPV system.
基金supported by the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M680488).
文摘Inland floating photovoltaic power plants(IFPPPs)are the key to making full use of water advantages to develop solar resources in the future.Identifying the investment risk is an important prerequisite for promoting the projects on a large scale.This paper proposes a model to assess the investment risk of IFPPPs in China.First,this paper identifies the investment risk factors and establishes an evaluation indicator system from four aspects.Second,the indicator data are collected and described by adopting hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets and triangular fuzzy numbers to ensure soundness and completeness.Third,a weighted method combining the best-worst method and the entropy method are utilized to determine the indicator weights under the consideration of the impact of subjective preferences and objective fairness.Fourth,the results show that the overall risk level of China’s IFPPPs is‘medium low’.Fifth,sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis are implemented to examine the stability of the evaluation results.Finally,this paper also provides some risk-response strategies for the development of China’s IFPPPs from economy,society,technology and environment.
