[Objectives]This study was conducted to find out the most suitable special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco production in tobacco-growing areas of Zhaotong City,so as to provide a basis for scientific fertili...[Objectives]This study was conducted to find out the most suitable special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco production in tobacco-growing areas of Zhaotong City,so as to provide a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.[Methods]Different formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for tobacco were designed by optimizing and adjusting the application amounts and proportions of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and medium trace elements in fertilizer formulas,and the formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for flue-cured tobacco production were selected through a field plot experiment.[Results]The combination of special base fertilizer and special topdressing was conducive to the early growth and rapid growth of tobacco plants under the condition of reduced fertilizer application,and the treatment using organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as the special base fertilizer was the most obvious,with an average growth period of two days increased.Compared with conventional fertilization,the yield,output value,average price,proportion of superior tobacco and proportion of medium and superior tobacco increased in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment,with the yield increasing by 5.96%,the output value increasing by 17.08%,the average price increasing by 10.49%,the proportion of superior tobacco increasing by 4.63%,and the proportion of medium and superior tobacco increasing by 2.44%.It was concluded from indexes including growth period,agronomic traits,disease incidence and economic traits,the fertilization mode of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the addition of trace elements(boron,magnesium and zinc)applied as the base fertilizer and nitrogen and potassium topdressing was most efficient and economic.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.展开更多
The risk regionalization of drought for flue-cured tobacco planting in Qujing City was studied to provide reference for drawing on advantages and avoiding disadvantages in flue-cured tobacco planting,disaster reductio...The risk regionalization of drought for flue-cured tobacco planting in Qujing City was studied to provide reference for drawing on advantages and avoiding disadvantages in flue-cured tobacco planting,disaster reduction,and disaster relief services.According to the production practice of flue-cured tobacco and local climate analysis,the risk of disaster-causing factors,sensitivity of disaster-breeding environment,vulnerability of carriers,and disaster prevention and reduction capability were analyzed and evaluated quantitatively.Secondly,starting from the formation mechanism of drought,a risk assessment model of the meteorological disaster was established by GIS technology.Finally,the risk assessment and regionalization of drought in the critical periods for drought-stricken flue-cured tobacco (transplanting period,root extending stage and vigorous growth period) in Qujing City were carried out.The results showed that in Qujing City,the risk areas of drought for flue-cured tobacco planting were divided into five grades in the transplanting period and six grades in the root extending stage and vigorous growth period.展开更多
Pb, Cd and As are main heavy metal elements in tobacco leaves in China. Through the application of organic fertilizers in the tobacco area of Pu'er City, the effects on tobacco growth and heavy metal contents were...Pb, Cd and As are main heavy metal elements in tobacco leaves in China. Through the application of organic fertilizers in the tobacco area of Pu'er City, the effects on tobacco growth and heavy metal contents were investigated. The results showed that the tobacco plants in the treatments applied with organic fertilizers as the base fertilizer grew at a lower rate and had relatively smaller stem girth and leaf number than the treatment applied with the compound fertilizer special for tobacco in early growth period, and the differences between various treatments were not significant. After applying the organic fertilizers, they had a positive effect in reducing heavy metal contents of flue-cured tobacco, and the effect of applying oil cake was better, followed by the treatment of chicken manure plus oil cake. The sole application of chicken manure had a certain effect on the control of Hg, As and Pb, but the Cd content increased. For the areas with high heavy metal levels, the selection of appropriate organic fertilizers has a practical significance to the reduction of heavy metal contents in tobacco leaves.展开更多
In order to find out the correlation between tobacco quality evaluation indicators in China's traditional " moderate aroma" tobaccoproducing areas and simplify the tobacco quality evaluation indicators,w...In order to find out the correlation between tobacco quality evaluation indicators in China's traditional " moderate aroma" tobaccoproducing areas and simplify the tobacco quality evaluation indicators,we evaluate the appearance quality and smoking quality of 143 flue-cured tobacco leaf samples in China's " moderate aroma" tobacco-producing areas,test the physical traits and chemical component,and analyze the canonical correlation between four quality evaluation indicators. The results show that there is significant or extremely significant canonical correlation between four evaluation indicators( tobacco smoking quality,chemical component,appearance quality and physical trait quality); the cumulative variance contribution rate of evaluation indicators is in the order of chemical component( 69. 17%) > appearance quality( 68. 76%) > physical traits( 64. 13%); appearance quality is most closely related to physical traits( 93. 84%). The individual indicators for tobacco quality evaluation make different contribution to the correlation between quality evaluation indicators. The chemical component evaluation indicators mainly include total sugar and ratio of total sugar to betaine; sensory taste indicators mainly include aroma volume,smoke concentration,irritation and softness degree; physical trait evaluation indicators mainly include leaf weight,leaf length and leaf density; appearance quality indicators mainly include leaf organizational structure,color,maturity and identity. Studies have shown that in the large-scale ecoregion,using canonical correlation analysis to simplify tobacco quality evaluation indicators is feasible.展开更多
On the basis of consulting related information and data,costs for flue-cured tobacco production were surveyed and analyzed with Liuyang tobacco growing areas as an example.Results showed that there is rise and fall in...On the basis of consulting related information and data,costs for flue-cured tobacco production were surveyed and analyzed with Liuyang tobacco growing areas as an example.Results showed that there is rise and fall in fertilizer cost for flue-cured tobacco production;change in pesticide and agricultural plastic film is little;other costs for flue-cured tobacco production rise rapidly in recent years.Besides,there is certain reduction in labor units per mu for flue-cured tobacco production;labor price has an annual growth rate of 15%-25%.The proportion of labor cost to total cost for flue-cured tobacco production is increasing,thus rise of labor cost is the major factor promoting rise of costs for flue-cured tobacco production.Through adjustment of purchasing price and various subsidies,the change of per mu yield is a decisive factor influencing benefits of flue-cured tobacco production.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of UV-B radiation on the activity of main antioxidants in flue-cured tobacco.[Methods]The flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 was used as the test mater...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of UV-B radiation on the activity of main antioxidants in flue-cured tobacco.[Methods]The flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 was used as the test material for pot planting.Xuanwei County(1997 m)in Qujing Tobacco District,Yunnan was selected as the test point.Three levels of UV-B radiation was set to investigate the activity of PPO,SOD,POD and CAT and the contents of flavonoids and malondialdehyde during the development of the middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco in the same planting area by reducing the natural conditions by 75.04%(A1),70.01%(A2)and 30.02%(A3),respectively.[Results]Reducing UV-B radiation significantly increased the activity of tobacco SOD,POD and CAT,which showed that flue-cured tobacco in the low-latitude plateau area of Yunnan has adapted to the higher local UV-B radiation,and the flue-cured tobacco has formed a unique antioxidant enzyme system.The weakening of UV-B radiation treatment might partially change the antioxidant enzyme system of flue-cured tobacco,but there were no significant differences in the activity of antioxidant enzymes between different degrees of weakening UV-B radiation.The change trends of flavonoids and malondialdehyde in leaves at two different leaf positions were similar.The malondialdehyde content of treatment A1 was significantly higher than those of the CK,A2 and A3,and 70.01%-75.04% of UV-B radiation intensity might be the lower limit of Yunyan 87's adaptability to UV-B radiation.With the decrease of UV-B radiation,the sensitivity of flue-cured tobacco gradually decreased.[Conclusions]This study made a preliminary exploration for explaining the correlation of UV-B radiation and Yunnan flue-cured tobacco.展开更多
In order to explore the differences of amino acids in root exudates and plant tissues,we selected four flue-cured tobacco varieties [Yunyan 87(Ⅰ),K326( Ⅱ),NC102( Ⅲ),Hongda( Ⅳ) ]as the test materials and studied th...In order to explore the differences of amino acids in root exudates and plant tissues,we selected four flue-cured tobacco varieties [Yunyan 87(Ⅰ),K326( Ⅱ),NC102( Ⅲ),Hongda( Ⅳ) ]as the test materials and studied the components and mass fractions of amino acids in rhizosphere soil,non rhizosphere soil,roots and leaves via high performance capillary zone electrophoresis. Ten amino acids were detected out from four varieties,including histidine,lysine,tryptophan,phenylalanine,valine,threonine,proline,serine,alanine and glycine. The mass fractions of amino acids in leaves and roots were higher than those in rhizosphere soil and non rhizosphere soil. In rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil,the mass fractions of lysine,phenylalanine,threonine,proline and glycine in susceptible varieties( Ⅲ,Ⅳ) were higher than those in resistant varieties(Ⅰ,Ⅱ). In rhizosphere soil,the total amino acids successively were Ⅳ > Ⅲ >Ⅰ> Ⅱ,and in non rhizosphere soil were Ⅲ > Ⅳ >Ⅰ> Ⅱ. The total amino acids in roots of variety Ⅳ was the highest,up to 6 359. 195 μg / g. In leaves,the total amino acids in varietiesⅠand Ⅱ were higher than those in varieties Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The results indicated that amino acids could secrete to rhizosphere via root secretion,and the compositions and mass fractions of amino acids varied with flue-cured tobacco varieties,thus the secretion amount of susceptible varieties was higher than that of resistant varieties.展开更多
Boron,one of the essential trace elements for normal growth and development of tobacco,has a great impact on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The objective of this study is to explore the best pattern and ...Boron,one of the essential trace elements for normal growth and development of tobacco,has a great impact on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The objective of this study is to explore the best pattern and level of boron fertilizer supply of red soil in the Honghe tobacco area. In this study,the randomized block design was used to study different boron fertilizer supply methods and levels. The results showed that during transplanting,it was good to apply 1. 50 kg/ha Fertibor boron with pure boron content≥15%; at the resettling stage,it was good to spray 225 kg solution composed of 75 m L/ha Compo liquid boron with pure boron content≥130 g/L mixed with water onto leaves when night fell in a sunny day. The two fertilization methods had better effect than the basal application of boron fertilizer,and the resistance to pests and diseases or economic character of tobacco plants was better than under spraying treatment.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the fertilization technology of flue-cured tobacco Cuibi-1.[Methods]From 2015 to 2016,the experiment of spraying Saikun multi-trace element water-soluble fertilizer was carried out.[Results]7 d...[Objectives]To optimize the fertilization technology of flue-cured tobacco Cuibi-1.[Methods]From 2015 to 2016,the experiment of spraying Saikun multi-trace element water-soluble fertilizer was carried out.[Results]7 d and 14 d after transplanting tobacco seedlings,3750 mL/ha,300 times diluted Sakun multi-trace element aqueous solution was sprayed,the growth period of Cuibi-1 in the field was extended by 3-5 d.The incidence of mosaic disease at the rosette stage and granuville wilt at the foot leaf harvesting and curing stage decreased by 4.50-20.85 kg/ha,the yield increased by 67.8-68.7 kg/ha,the proportion of high-quality tobacco increased by 1.29-3.01 percentage points,and the output value increased by 2692.5-3441 yuan/ha,the sensory smoking quality has improved.[Conclusions]Increasing the application of multiple trace elements can increase the economic benefit and industrial use value of tobacco leaf production of Cuibi-1.展开更多
Chenzhou city is the most typical region of Nanling Hill Ecological Zone of flue-cured tobacco with of aroma style of burnt sweet and pure sweet in China and is the largest planting region of flue-cured tobacco in Hun...Chenzhou city is the most typical region of Nanling Hill Ecological Zone of flue-cured tobacco with of aroma style of burnt sweet and pure sweet in China and is the largest planting region of flue-cured tobacco in Hunan province. It is of significance to study the changes of climatic parameters with time because climate is the most important factor in determining the growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. In this study, the data of climatic parameters including cumulative sunshine hours(S), mean temperature (T) and cumulative precipitation (P)from 1952 to 2018 in Chenzhou were used to analyze their changes at the scales of year, whole field period and growing period of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that at the scale of year, the cumulative S, mean T and cumulative P were ranged from 1029.0 h to 2072.1 h, from 17.1°C to 19.5°Cand from 897.1 mm to 2244.6 mm, with the means of 1449.7 h, 18.1°C and 1482.5 mm, respectively. At the scale of whole field period of flue-cured tobacco, the cumulative S, mean T and cumulative P were ranged from 298.1 h to 807.2 h, from 21.2°C to 23.9°C and from 416.7 mm to 1102.7 mm, with the means of 514.8 h, 22.3°C and 719.0 mm, respectively. At the scale of growing period of flue-cured tobacco, the annual cumulative S were ranged from 70.0 h to 257.2 h, from 77.3 h to 322.5 h and from 131.2 h to 300.3 h in the periods of rooting, flourishing and maturing with the means of 127.8 h, 190.4 h and 197.2 h, respectively. The mean temperatures were ranged from 14.2°C to 18.9°C, from 22.2°C to 26.1°C, and from 25.8°C to 29.6°C with the means of 16.4°C, 24.1°C and 28.0°C, respectively. The annual cumulative P were ranged from 69.9 mm to 553.9 mm, from 133.1 mm to 485.6 mm and from 46.4 mm to 356.8 mm in the periods of rooting, flourishing and maturing with the means of 262.5 mm, 299.9 mm and 153.9 mm, respectively. At the year scale, cumulative S annually decreased by 7.587 h, mean T annually increased by 0.02°C, while cumulative P changed irregularly with insignificantly increasing about by 0.184 mm annually. At the scale of whole field period of flue-cured tobacco, mean T annually increased by 0.0195°C, while both cumulative S and P changed irregularly with insignificantly decreasing by 1.64 h and 1.62 mm annually, respectively. At the scale of growing period of flue-cured tobacco, all climatic parameters changed irregularly except cumulative S in significant positive compound function in the maturing period. Meanwhile, the slight decreasing tendency of cumulative sunshine hours and the slight increasing tendency of cumulative precipitation are disadvantageous while the slight increasing tendency of cumulative precipitation in the maturing period is positive for the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of plant extract mixture on growth and development,photosynthetic indexes and disease control of flue-cured tobacco.[Method]Using field test method,a total of five treatme...[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of plant extract mixture on growth and development,photosynthetic indexes and disease control of flue-cured tobacco.[Method]Using field test method,a total of five treatments were designed in the test,including T1(control,conven-tional pesticide control),T2(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15 and 30 d post transplanting),T3(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15,30 and 45 d post transplanting),T4(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15,30,45 and 60 d post transplanting),and T5(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15,30,45,60 and 75 d post transplanting).In addition,flue-cured tobacco in treatments T2-T5 were sprayed with antiviral agent once at 30 d post transplanting,and sprayed with quality promoting agent at 30 and 75 d post transplanting,respectively.[Result]The agronomic traits and photosynthetic indexes of all treatments were improved by spraying plant extract mixture,and those in T5 treatment were the best.Spraying plant extract mixture had significant control effect on brown spot;the disease index in T5 treatment was the lowest,and the control effect was the best.The results showed that spraying plant extract mixture promoted the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco,reduced the disease index of brown spot,and improved the quality of tobacco leaves.[Conclusion]Spraying plant extract mixture has positive effect on growth and development and disease control of flue-cured tobacco.展开更多
On the basis of full investigation and repeated trials,nutritional soil composed of cake fertilizer,mushroom residue,cow dung and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was determined as an alternative for traditional...On the basis of full investigation and repeated trials,nutritional soil composed of cake fertilizer,mushroom residue,cow dung and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was determined as an alternative for traditional flue-cured tobacco fired ash soil.In accordance with the feed grinding,mixing and processing integrated principle,processing machine for flue-cured tobacco nutritional soil was developed.The clogging problem of mixing box was solved by improving grinding and stirring method of mixing system.Mechanized and large-scale production and commercialized supply of flue-cured tobacco nutritional soil was piloted to simplify the production process and reduce the production cost of nutritional soil for flue-cured tobacco and meet the needs of green development of tobacco production,thereby creating good social and economic benefits.展开更多
Based on the investigation of the amount of labor used in each production link of flue-cured tobacco planting in Liuyang since 1989,and through the analysis of the changes of labor-related factors,it is concluded that...Based on the investigation of the amount of labor used in each production link of flue-cured tobacco planting in Liuyang since 1989,and through the analysis of the changes of labor-related factors,it is concluded that the amount of labor used in tobacco planting in Liuyang experienced a significant increase and relatively stable stage in the early 1990s,and it has been declining continuously since the beginning of the 21st century;the change of flue-cured tobacco planting technology mode,as well as mechanized,large-scale and specialized production are the main factors that affect the change of the amount of labor used in flue-cured tobacco planting in Liuyang.Based on the method of changing the technical model to reduce amount of labor used,the types of labor used for planting of flue-cured tobacco can be divided into the following types:reducing the amount of labor by technical methods;reducing the amount of labor by making use of weather;reducing the amount of labor by using drugs;reducing the amount of labor used at the cost of reducing the technical implementation standards of a certain production link.The change of labor used in flue-cured tobacco planting is not only related to the cost and price factors,but also related to the profound social and economic background.In the future,reducing labor and cost is the trend of flue-cured tobacco production,and mechanization,large-scale and specialized production are the main development direction of flue-cured tobacco production,but under the condition that flue-cured tobacco production is still dominated by manual operation,maintaining a certain amount of labor is still the basis for maintaining high quality of flue-cured tobacco planting at present.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to compare the effects of different curing processes,in order to optimize the local supporting intensive fluecuring process.[Methods] A comparative experiment was carried out in M...[Objectives] This study was conducted to compare the effects of different curing processes,in order to optimize the local supporting intensive fluecuring process.[Methods] A comparative experiment was carried out in Mile,Luxi and Jianshui on the four-layer tobacco-packed intensive curing process(K1)and the eight-point precise and intensive curing process(K2).[Results]The results showed that according to the appearance evaluation of the tobacco leaves,K1 was higher than K2 in respective scores of color,maturity,leaf structure and defects and the total score,while K1 equaled K2 in the scores of identity,oil content,chroma and length.The differences in respective scores of the two processes were not significant.According to the results of sensory evaluation,the two tobacco enterprises got different evaluation results of unblended cigarettes made of the middle leaves due to different raw material requirements of the enterprises by different processes.K1 was higher than K2 in the sensory evaluation of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,while it was lower than K2 in that of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,and the difference in the total score between the two processes was significant.From the content of chemical components,in the conventional chemical component contents including total sugar,reducing sugar,chlorine and starch,K1 was higher than K2,while in the contents of potassium,total phytonine,total nitrogen and petroleum ether extract,K1 was lower than K2,but the differences were not significant.K1 was lower than K2 in the contents of neutral aroma components including ketones,alcohols,aldehydes,heterocyclics,neophytadiene and total content,while K1 was higher than K2 in the contents of esters,phenols,but the respective differences were not significant.Except the significant difference in the total score in the sensory evaluation of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,there were no significant differences in other items in the appearance evaluation,sensory evaluation and chemical composition of tobacco leaves between K1 and K2.[Conclusions] The supporting intensive curing process can be further optimized on the basis of this study.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve acidic soil and enhance the quality of tobacco leaves.[Methods]The effects of different microbial fertilizers on improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and tobacco leaf ...[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve acidic soil and enhance the quality of tobacco leaves.[Methods]The effects of different microbial fertilizers on improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and tobacco leaf quality were investigated through plot experiments.[Results]The application of microbial fertilizers could improve the pH value of acidic soil,and composite microbial agent A showed the best application effect.The application of bio-organic fertilizer was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available boron in acidic soil.The application of composite microbial agent A was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in acidic soil,and could promote the growth of tobacco plants and improve the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco and the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves.The application of composite microbial agent B led to a downward trend in the content of available boron in acidic soil.The application of composite microbial agent B could promote the absorption of nutrients by tobacco plants,and improve their disease resistance and the quality of tobacco leaves.Due to the differences in functional microorganisms contained,the application effects of different microbial fertilizers in improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and improving tobacco leaf quality varied.Overall,the application of microbial fertilizers could increase soil pH,activate soil nutrients,promote tobacco growth,enhance disease resistance,increase tobacco output value,and improve tobacco quality.Microbial fertilizers have good application prospects in improving acidic soil and improving tobacco quality.[Conclusions]The application of microbial fertilizers to improve acidic tobacco-planting soil can ensure the normal growth and development of tobacco plants and the improvement of tobacco leaf quality,achieving high-quality and sustainable development of Zhaotong tobacco.展开更多
The environment of tobacco-growing soil directly affects the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.In order to solve problems of tobacco-growing soil degradation,low organic matter content and unbalanced soil nutrient s...The environment of tobacco-growing soil directly affects the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.In order to solve problems of tobacco-growing soil degradation,low organic matter content and unbalanced soil nutrient supply and promote sustainable and healthy development of tobacco production,this paper comprehensively discussed conservation and improvement techniques of tobacco-growing soil based on existing problems in Zhaoyang District,aiming to provide reference for tobacco-growing soil conservation.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation(2020530000241022).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to find out the most suitable special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco production in tobacco-growing areas of Zhaotong City,so as to provide a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.[Methods]Different formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for tobacco were designed by optimizing and adjusting the application amounts and proportions of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and medium trace elements in fertilizer formulas,and the formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for flue-cured tobacco production were selected through a field plot experiment.[Results]The combination of special base fertilizer and special topdressing was conducive to the early growth and rapid growth of tobacco plants under the condition of reduced fertilizer application,and the treatment using organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as the special base fertilizer was the most obvious,with an average growth period of two days increased.Compared with conventional fertilization,the yield,output value,average price,proportion of superior tobacco and proportion of medium and superior tobacco increased in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment,with the yield increasing by 5.96%,the output value increasing by 17.08%,the average price increasing by 10.49%,the proportion of superior tobacco increasing by 4.63%,and the proportion of medium and superior tobacco increasing by 2.44%.It was concluded from indexes including growth period,agronomic traits,disease incidence and economic traits,the fertilization mode of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the addition of trace elements(boron,magnesium and zinc)applied as the base fertilizer and nitrogen and potassium topdressing was most efficient and economic.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.
基金Supported by China National Tobacco Corporation(Yunnan Tobacco Science and Technology Program No.[2014]302,program contract number:2014YN22)
文摘The risk regionalization of drought for flue-cured tobacco planting in Qujing City was studied to provide reference for drawing on advantages and avoiding disadvantages in flue-cured tobacco planting,disaster reduction,and disaster relief services.According to the production practice of flue-cured tobacco and local climate analysis,the risk of disaster-causing factors,sensitivity of disaster-breeding environment,vulnerability of carriers,and disaster prevention and reduction capability were analyzed and evaluated quantitatively.Secondly,starting from the formation mechanism of drought,a risk assessment model of the meteorological disaster was established by GIS technology.Finally,the risk assessment and regionalization of drought in the critical periods for drought-stricken flue-cured tobacco (transplanting period,root extending stage and vigorous growth period) in Qujing City were carried out.The results showed that in Qujing City,the risk areas of drought for flue-cured tobacco planting were divided into five grades in the transplanting period and six grades in the root extending stage and vigorous growth period.
基金Supported by Hongyun Honghe Tobacco(Group)Science and Technology Project(HYHH2013YL01)Tea Science Discipline Practical Training Base Construction Project of Institute of Agricultural and Garden Technology,Pu'er University
文摘Pb, Cd and As are main heavy metal elements in tobacco leaves in China. Through the application of organic fertilizers in the tobacco area of Pu'er City, the effects on tobacco growth and heavy metal contents were investigated. The results showed that the tobacco plants in the treatments applied with organic fertilizers as the base fertilizer grew at a lower rate and had relatively smaller stem girth and leaf number than the treatment applied with the compound fertilizer special for tobacco in early growth period, and the differences between various treatments were not significant. After applying the organic fertilizers, they had a positive effect in reducing heavy metal contents of flue-cured tobacco, and the effect of applying oil cake was better, followed by the treatment of chicken manure plus oil cake. The sole application of chicken manure had a certain effect on the control of Hg, As and Pb, but the Cd content increased. For the areas with high heavy metal levels, the selection of appropriate organic fertilizers has a practical significance to the reduction of heavy metal contents in tobacco leaves.
基金Supported by Special Major Research Project of China National Tobacco Corporation(TS-02-20110012)
文摘In order to find out the correlation between tobacco quality evaluation indicators in China's traditional " moderate aroma" tobaccoproducing areas and simplify the tobacco quality evaluation indicators,we evaluate the appearance quality and smoking quality of 143 flue-cured tobacco leaf samples in China's " moderate aroma" tobacco-producing areas,test the physical traits and chemical component,and analyze the canonical correlation between four quality evaluation indicators. The results show that there is significant or extremely significant canonical correlation between four evaluation indicators( tobacco smoking quality,chemical component,appearance quality and physical trait quality); the cumulative variance contribution rate of evaluation indicators is in the order of chemical component( 69. 17%) > appearance quality( 68. 76%) > physical traits( 64. 13%); appearance quality is most closely related to physical traits( 93. 84%). The individual indicators for tobacco quality evaluation make different contribution to the correlation between quality evaluation indicators. The chemical component evaluation indicators mainly include total sugar and ratio of total sugar to betaine; sensory taste indicators mainly include aroma volume,smoke concentration,irritation and softness degree; physical trait evaluation indicators mainly include leaf weight,leaf length and leaf density; appearance quality indicators mainly include leaf organizational structure,color,maturity and identity. Studies have shown that in the large-scale ecoregion,using canonical correlation analysis to simplify tobacco quality evaluation indicators is feasible.
基金Supported by the GAP Project of Hunan Province"Study of Changsha Tobacco Monopoly Bureau on Sustainable Development Strategy for Tobacco Industry in Economically Developed Areas"
文摘On the basis of consulting related information and data,costs for flue-cured tobacco production were surveyed and analyzed with Liuyang tobacco growing areas as an example.Results showed that there is rise and fall in fertilizer cost for flue-cured tobacco production;change in pesticide and agricultural plastic film is little;other costs for flue-cured tobacco production rise rapidly in recent years.Besides,there is certain reduction in labor units per mu for flue-cured tobacco production;labor price has an annual growth rate of 15%-25%.The proportion of labor cost to total cost for flue-cured tobacco production is increasing,thus rise of labor cost is the major factor promoting rise of costs for flue-cured tobacco production.Through adjustment of purchasing price and various subsidies,the change of per mu yield is a decisive factor influencing benefits of flue-cured tobacco production.
基金Supported by the Innovation Research Team Project of Pu'er University.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of UV-B radiation on the activity of main antioxidants in flue-cured tobacco.[Methods]The flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 was used as the test material for pot planting.Xuanwei County(1997 m)in Qujing Tobacco District,Yunnan was selected as the test point.Three levels of UV-B radiation was set to investigate the activity of PPO,SOD,POD and CAT and the contents of flavonoids and malondialdehyde during the development of the middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco in the same planting area by reducing the natural conditions by 75.04%(A1),70.01%(A2)and 30.02%(A3),respectively.[Results]Reducing UV-B radiation significantly increased the activity of tobacco SOD,POD and CAT,which showed that flue-cured tobacco in the low-latitude plateau area of Yunnan has adapted to the higher local UV-B radiation,and the flue-cured tobacco has formed a unique antioxidant enzyme system.The weakening of UV-B radiation treatment might partially change the antioxidant enzyme system of flue-cured tobacco,but there were no significant differences in the activity of antioxidant enzymes between different degrees of weakening UV-B radiation.The change trends of flavonoids and malondialdehyde in leaves at two different leaf positions were similar.The malondialdehyde content of treatment A1 was significantly higher than those of the CK,A2 and A3,and 70.01%-75.04% of UV-B radiation intensity might be the lower limit of Yunyan 87's adaptability to UV-B radiation.With the decrease of UV-B radiation,the sensitivity of flue-cured tobacco gradually decreased.[Conclusions]This study made a preliminary exploration for explaining the correlation of UV-B radiation and Yunnan flue-cured tobacco.
基金Supported by Project of Yunnan Hongyun Honghe Tobacco(Group)Co.,Ltd.(KX140906)
文摘In order to explore the differences of amino acids in root exudates and plant tissues,we selected four flue-cured tobacco varieties [Yunyan 87(Ⅰ),K326( Ⅱ),NC102( Ⅲ),Hongda( Ⅳ) ]as the test materials and studied the components and mass fractions of amino acids in rhizosphere soil,non rhizosphere soil,roots and leaves via high performance capillary zone electrophoresis. Ten amino acids were detected out from four varieties,including histidine,lysine,tryptophan,phenylalanine,valine,threonine,proline,serine,alanine and glycine. The mass fractions of amino acids in leaves and roots were higher than those in rhizosphere soil and non rhizosphere soil. In rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil,the mass fractions of lysine,phenylalanine,threonine,proline and glycine in susceptible varieties( Ⅲ,Ⅳ) were higher than those in resistant varieties(Ⅰ,Ⅱ). In rhizosphere soil,the total amino acids successively were Ⅳ > Ⅲ >Ⅰ> Ⅱ,and in non rhizosphere soil were Ⅲ > Ⅳ >Ⅰ> Ⅱ. The total amino acids in roots of variety Ⅳ was the highest,up to 6 359. 195 μg / g. In leaves,the total amino acids in varietiesⅠand Ⅱ were higher than those in varieties Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The results indicated that amino acids could secrete to rhizosphere via root secretion,and the compositions and mass fractions of amino acids varied with flue-cured tobacco varieties,thus the secretion amount of susceptible varieties was higher than that of resistant varieties.
基金Supported by Yunnan Tobacco Company Program(2015YN192014YN25)
文摘Boron,one of the essential trace elements for normal growth and development of tobacco,has a great impact on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The objective of this study is to explore the best pattern and level of boron fertilizer supply of red soil in the Honghe tobacco area. In this study,the randomized block design was used to study different boron fertilizer supply methods and levels. The results showed that during transplanting,it was good to apply 1. 50 kg/ha Fertibor boron with pure boron content≥15%; at the resettling stage,it was good to spray 225 kg solution composed of 75 m L/ha Compo liquid boron with pure boron content≥130 g/L mixed with water onto leaves when night fell in a sunny day. The two fertilization methods had better effect than the basal application of boron fertilizer,and the resistance to pests and diseases or economic character of tobacco plants was better than under spraying treatment.
基金Science and Technology Project of China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co.,Ltd.(FJZYKJJH 2018014)Management Project of Project of China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co.,Ltd.(FJZY2019ZNJC016)。
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the fertilization technology of flue-cured tobacco Cuibi-1.[Methods]From 2015 to 2016,the experiment of spraying Saikun multi-trace element water-soluble fertilizer was carried out.[Results]7 d and 14 d after transplanting tobacco seedlings,3750 mL/ha,300 times diluted Sakun multi-trace element aqueous solution was sprayed,the growth period of Cuibi-1 in the field was extended by 3-5 d.The incidence of mosaic disease at the rosette stage and granuville wilt at the foot leaf harvesting and curing stage decreased by 4.50-20.85 kg/ha,the yield increased by 67.8-68.7 kg/ha,the proportion of high-quality tobacco increased by 1.29-3.01 percentage points,and the output value increased by 2692.5-3441 yuan/ha,the sensory smoking quality has improved.[Conclusions]Increasing the application of multiple trace elements can increase the economic benefit and industrial use value of tobacco leaf production of Cuibi-1.
文摘Chenzhou city is the most typical region of Nanling Hill Ecological Zone of flue-cured tobacco with of aroma style of burnt sweet and pure sweet in China and is the largest planting region of flue-cured tobacco in Hunan province. It is of significance to study the changes of climatic parameters with time because climate is the most important factor in determining the growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. In this study, the data of climatic parameters including cumulative sunshine hours(S), mean temperature (T) and cumulative precipitation (P)from 1952 to 2018 in Chenzhou were used to analyze their changes at the scales of year, whole field period and growing period of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that at the scale of year, the cumulative S, mean T and cumulative P were ranged from 1029.0 h to 2072.1 h, from 17.1°C to 19.5°Cand from 897.1 mm to 2244.6 mm, with the means of 1449.7 h, 18.1°C and 1482.5 mm, respectively. At the scale of whole field period of flue-cured tobacco, the cumulative S, mean T and cumulative P were ranged from 298.1 h to 807.2 h, from 21.2°C to 23.9°C and from 416.7 mm to 1102.7 mm, with the means of 514.8 h, 22.3°C and 719.0 mm, respectively. At the scale of growing period of flue-cured tobacco, the annual cumulative S were ranged from 70.0 h to 257.2 h, from 77.3 h to 322.5 h and from 131.2 h to 300.3 h in the periods of rooting, flourishing and maturing with the means of 127.8 h, 190.4 h and 197.2 h, respectively. The mean temperatures were ranged from 14.2°C to 18.9°C, from 22.2°C to 26.1°C, and from 25.8°C to 29.6°C with the means of 16.4°C, 24.1°C and 28.0°C, respectively. The annual cumulative P were ranged from 69.9 mm to 553.9 mm, from 133.1 mm to 485.6 mm and from 46.4 mm to 356.8 mm in the periods of rooting, flourishing and maturing with the means of 262.5 mm, 299.9 mm and 153.9 mm, respectively. At the year scale, cumulative S annually decreased by 7.587 h, mean T annually increased by 0.02°C, while cumulative P changed irregularly with insignificantly increasing about by 0.184 mm annually. At the scale of whole field period of flue-cured tobacco, mean T annually increased by 0.0195°C, while both cumulative S and P changed irregularly with insignificantly decreasing by 1.64 h and 1.62 mm annually, respectively. At the scale of growing period of flue-cured tobacco, all climatic parameters changed irregularly except cumulative S in significant positive compound function in the maturing period. Meanwhile, the slight decreasing tendency of cumulative sunshine hours and the slight increasing tendency of cumulative precipitation are disadvantageous while the slight increasing tendency of cumulative precipitation in the maturing period is positive for the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco.
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of plant extract mixture on growth and development,photosynthetic indexes and disease control of flue-cured tobacco.[Method]Using field test method,a total of five treatments were designed in the test,including T1(control,conven-tional pesticide control),T2(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15 and 30 d post transplanting),T3(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15,30 and 45 d post transplanting),T4(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15,30,45 and 60 d post transplanting),and T5(conventional pesticide control+spraying plant extract mixture at 15,30,45,60 and 75 d post transplanting).In addition,flue-cured tobacco in treatments T2-T5 were sprayed with antiviral agent once at 30 d post transplanting,and sprayed with quality promoting agent at 30 and 75 d post transplanting,respectively.[Result]The agronomic traits and photosynthetic indexes of all treatments were improved by spraying plant extract mixture,and those in T5 treatment were the best.Spraying plant extract mixture had significant control effect on brown spot;the disease index in T5 treatment was the lowest,and the control effect was the best.The results showed that spraying plant extract mixture promoted the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco,reduced the disease index of brown spot,and improved the quality of tobacco leaves.[Conclusion]Spraying plant extract mixture has positive effect on growth and development and disease control of flue-cured tobacco.
基金Science and Technology Project of Changsha Tobacco Monopoly Bureau(Company)(20-21a06).
文摘On the basis of full investigation and repeated trials,nutritional soil composed of cake fertilizer,mushroom residue,cow dung and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was determined as an alternative for traditional flue-cured tobacco fired ash soil.In accordance with the feed grinding,mixing and processing integrated principle,processing machine for flue-cured tobacco nutritional soil was developed.The clogging problem of mixing box was solved by improving grinding and stirring method of mixing system.Mechanized and large-scale production and commercialized supply of flue-cured tobacco nutritional soil was piloted to simplify the production process and reduce the production cost of nutritional soil for flue-cured tobacco and meet the needs of green development of tobacco production,thereby creating good social and economic benefits.
文摘Based on the investigation of the amount of labor used in each production link of flue-cured tobacco planting in Liuyang since 1989,and through the analysis of the changes of labor-related factors,it is concluded that the amount of labor used in tobacco planting in Liuyang experienced a significant increase and relatively stable stage in the early 1990s,and it has been declining continuously since the beginning of the 21st century;the change of flue-cured tobacco planting technology mode,as well as mechanized,large-scale and specialized production are the main factors that affect the change of the amount of labor used in flue-cured tobacco planting in Liuyang.Based on the method of changing the technical model to reduce amount of labor used,the types of labor used for planting of flue-cured tobacco can be divided into the following types:reducing the amount of labor by technical methods;reducing the amount of labor by making use of weather;reducing the amount of labor by using drugs;reducing the amount of labor used at the cost of reducing the technical implementation standards of a certain production link.The change of labor used in flue-cured tobacco planting is not only related to the cost and price factors,but also related to the profound social and economic background.In the future,reducing labor and cost is the trend of flue-cured tobacco production,and mechanization,large-scale and specialized production are the main development direction of flue-cured tobacco production,but under the condition that flue-cured tobacco production is still dominated by manual operation,maintaining a certain amount of labor is still the basis for maintaining high quality of flue-cured tobacco planting at present.
基金Supported by China National Tobacco Corporation Yunnan Company Project(2018530000242012)。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to compare the effects of different curing processes,in order to optimize the local supporting intensive fluecuring process.[Methods] A comparative experiment was carried out in Mile,Luxi and Jianshui on the four-layer tobacco-packed intensive curing process(K1)and the eight-point precise and intensive curing process(K2).[Results]The results showed that according to the appearance evaluation of the tobacco leaves,K1 was higher than K2 in respective scores of color,maturity,leaf structure and defects and the total score,while K1 equaled K2 in the scores of identity,oil content,chroma and length.The differences in respective scores of the two processes were not significant.According to the results of sensory evaluation,the two tobacco enterprises got different evaluation results of unblended cigarettes made of the middle leaves due to different raw material requirements of the enterprises by different processes.K1 was higher than K2 in the sensory evaluation of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,while it was lower than K2 in that of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,and the difference in the total score between the two processes was significant.From the content of chemical components,in the conventional chemical component contents including total sugar,reducing sugar,chlorine and starch,K1 was higher than K2,while in the contents of potassium,total phytonine,total nitrogen and petroleum ether extract,K1 was lower than K2,but the differences were not significant.K1 was lower than K2 in the contents of neutral aroma components including ketones,alcohols,aldehydes,heterocyclics,neophytadiene and total content,while K1 was higher than K2 in the contents of esters,phenols,but the respective differences were not significant.Except the significant difference in the total score in the sensory evaluation of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,there were no significant differences in other items in the appearance evaluation,sensory evaluation and chemical composition of tobacco leaves between K1 and K2.[Conclusions] The supporting intensive curing process can be further optimized on the basis of this study.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Program Major Project of Yunnan Branch,China National Tobacco Corporation(2020530000241022)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve acidic soil and enhance the quality of tobacco leaves.[Methods]The effects of different microbial fertilizers on improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and tobacco leaf quality were investigated through plot experiments.[Results]The application of microbial fertilizers could improve the pH value of acidic soil,and composite microbial agent A showed the best application effect.The application of bio-organic fertilizer was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available boron in acidic soil.The application of composite microbial agent A was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in acidic soil,and could promote the growth of tobacco plants and improve the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco and the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves.The application of composite microbial agent B led to a downward trend in the content of available boron in acidic soil.The application of composite microbial agent B could promote the absorption of nutrients by tobacco plants,and improve their disease resistance and the quality of tobacco leaves.Due to the differences in functional microorganisms contained,the application effects of different microbial fertilizers in improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and improving tobacco leaf quality varied.Overall,the application of microbial fertilizers could increase soil pH,activate soil nutrients,promote tobacco growth,enhance disease resistance,increase tobacco output value,and improve tobacco quality.Microbial fertilizers have good application prospects in improving acidic soil and improving tobacco quality.[Conclusions]The application of microbial fertilizers to improve acidic tobacco-planting soil can ensure the normal growth and development of tobacco plants and the improvement of tobacco leaf quality,achieving high-quality and sustainable development of Zhaotong tobacco.
基金Supported by Key Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation (2020530000241022)General Science and Technology Program of Zhaotong Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company (ZT20235301001).
文摘The environment of tobacco-growing soil directly affects the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.In order to solve problems of tobacco-growing soil degradation,low organic matter content and unbalanced soil nutrient supply and promote sustainable and healthy development of tobacco production,this paper comprehensively discussed conservation and improvement techniques of tobacco-growing soil based on existing problems in Zhaoyang District,aiming to provide reference for tobacco-growing soil conservation.
