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Folic acid supplementation: The new dawn for postmenopausal women with hot flushes
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作者 Ayman AA Ewies 《World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology》 2013年第4期87-93,共7页
Hot flushes, experienced by 75% of menopausal women, are associated with estrogen deprivation. Estrogen was shown to ameliorate hot flushes by interacting with monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain; reducing noradr... Hot flushes, experienced by 75% of menopausal women, are associated with estrogen deprivation. Estrogen was shown to ameliorate hot flushes by interacting with monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain; reducing noradrenaline and increasing serotonin. Hormone replacement therapy(HRT), the first treatment option, causes concerns over possible increased risks particularly breast cancer. Folic acid is involved in the biosynthesis of serotonin and nordrenaline, which is responsible for its effects on mood and cognition, and degrees of folate inadequacy, not severe enough to produce megaloblastic anaemia, were found to be associated with depression and cognitive malfunctioning. Also, increased age was observed to relate to reduced serum and cerebrospinal fluid folic acid levels. There is emerging evidence that folic acid supplementation ameliorates hot fl ushes by the same mechanism as estrogen. To explore this hypothesis, a multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized is being set up to compare the effect of 5 mg folic acid vs placebo in reducing the frequency and severity of hot fl ushes in postmenopausal women, and on the blood level of serotonin and noradrenaline. If folic acid supplementation is demonstrated to be effective, this will be a turning point in the clinical practice since it represents a cheap, safe and well-tolerated alternative to HRT. 展开更多
关键词 Folic acid Hot flushes MENOPAUSE Nor-adrenaline SEROTONIN
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Cattle Hormones Hot Flushes
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作者 刘岩 《大学英语》 2000年第3期11-12,共2页
The trace war being fought between America and the European Union over the use of hormones in cattle depends largely on how the scientific evidence is interpreted. And not even scientists can agree on that.
关键词 荷尔蒙 Cattle Hormones Hot flushes
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Effect of surfactant frequently used in soil flushing on oxygen mass transfer in micro-nano-bubble aeration system
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作者 Mei Bai Zhibin Liu +3 位作者 Zhu Liu Chenfei He Zhanhuang Fan Miaoxin Yuan 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期174-181,共8页
In-site soil flushing and aeration are the typical synergetic remediation technology for contaminated sites.The surfactant present in flushing solutions is bound to affect the aeration efficiency.The purpose of this s... In-site soil flushing and aeration are the typical synergetic remediation technology for contaminated sites.The surfactant present in flushing solutions is bound to affect the aeration efficiency.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of surfactant frequently used in soil flushing on the oxygen mass transfer in micro-nano-bubble(MNB)aeration system.Firstly,bio-surfactants and chemical surfactants were used to investigate their effects on Sauter mean diameter of bubble(dBS),gas holdup(ε),volumetric mass-transfer coefficient(kLa)and liquid-side mass-transfer coefficient(kL)in the MNB aeration system.Then,based upon the experimental results,the Sardeing's and Frossling's models were modified to describe the effect of surfactant on kL in the MNB aeration.The results showed that,for the twenty aqueous surfactant solutions,with the increase in surfactant concentration,the value of dBS,kLa and kL decreased,while the value ofεand gas-liquid interfacial area(a)increased.These phenomena were mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of immobile bubble surface and the suppression of coalescence in the surfactant solutions.In addition,with the presence of electric charge,MNBs in anionic surfactant solutions were smaller and higher in number than in non-ionic surfactant solutions.Furthermore,the accumulation of surfactant on the gas-liquid interface was more conspicuous for small MNB,so the reduction of kL in anionic surfactant solutions was larger than that in non-ionic surfactant solutions.Besides,the modified Frossling's model predicted the effect of surfactant on kL in MNB aeration system with reasonable accuracy. 展开更多
关键词 Soil flushing Micro-nano-bubble aeration Bio-surfactant Mass transfer coefficient
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Analysis and Prospect of Waste Heat Utilization from Blast Furnace Slag Flushing
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作者 Shenqin Zhang Junyi Qing 《Frontiers of Metallurgical Industry》 2024年第2期15-20,共6页
Estimating the residual heat of blast furnace slag flushing in China,classifying and introducing the current proposed methods of slag flushing waste heat utilization,and listing existing cases.In order to better save ... Estimating the residual heat of blast furnace slag flushing in China,classifying and introducing the current proposed methods of slag flushing waste heat utilization,and listing existing cases.In order to better save energy and water in the slag flushing process of blast furnaces,an ideal comprehensive cascade utilization system scheme for annual recovery of waste heat is proposed.Based on the measured waste heat data of a steel plant,design calculations are carried out to further analyze the economic feasibility of the new scheme and provide reference for its promotion and application. 展开更多
关键词 blast furnace slag flushing waste heat utilization comprehensive cascade utilization energy saving and water-saving
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Stress-unloading and gas migration improvement mechanism in the soft and hard interbedded coal seam using directional hydraulic flushing technology 被引量:1
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作者 Hao Zhang Yuanping Cheng +5 位作者 Cunbao Deng Jingyu Jiang Lei Zhang Xiaoyu Yan Junwei Guo Suifang Wang 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第9期1165-1179,共15页
To enhance gas drainage in the soft and hard interbedded(SHI)coal seam,it’s necessary to unload the insitu stress and improve its gas migration performance.In this research,a directional hydraulic flushing(DHF)techno... To enhance gas drainage in the soft and hard interbedded(SHI)coal seam,it’s necessary to unload the insitu stress and improve its gas migration performance.In this research,a directional hydraulic flushing(DHF)technology was carried out.The stress-unloading and gas migration improvement mechanism was analyzed through numerical simulation,and systematic engineering tests were conducted to verify the gas drainage effect.The results show that the improvement of gas migration performance in the SHI coal seam is caused by a combined effect of seepage-improving and diffusion-improving.After DHF,stress-unloading and plastic failure could be achieved both in the soft coal(SC)sublayer and in the hard coal(HC)sublayer.However,the gas diffusion capacity improves significantly in the SC sublayer,while the gas seepage capacity improves notably in the HC sublayer.Meanwhile,the stress-unloading and gas migration improvement effect improves with the flushing radius and the thickness of the SC sublayer.Besides,after adopting the DHF technology,the gas drainage effect improved markedly.The borehole number dropped by 49%,the gas drainage ratio increased from 26.0%to 48.2%,and the average coal roadway excavation speed increased from 2.4 to 5.6 m/d. 展开更多
关键词 Hydraulic flushing Stress-unloading Plastic failure Permeability-increasing Gas migration
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Vancomycin flushing syndrome in orthopaedic practice:A case report 被引量:1
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作者 Fawaz M Al-Anii Mir Sadat-Ali +3 位作者 Khalid Waleed Al-Tabash Ahmad I AlMulhim Sulaiman A AlMousa Abdulaziz M AlHawas 《World Journal of Orthopedics》 2023年第10期771-775,共5页
BACKGROUND Vancomycin flushing syndrome(VFS),also known as red man syndrome,is an allergic reaction to vancomycin.It typically presents as a rash on the face,neck,and upper torso after intravenous administration of va... BACKGROUND Vancomycin flushing syndrome(VFS),also known as red man syndrome,is an allergic reaction to vancomycin.It typically presents as a rash on the face,neck,and upper torso after intravenous administration of vancomycin.VFS is blamed on rapid intravenous infusion of vancomycin during management and rarely happens after local use.A review of the literature showed that in the last 23 years,4 such cases have been reported.Here,we add another case of VFS developed after slow local absorption of vancomycin in cement beads.CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old male with a known case of hypertension,no history of allergies to medications,and a history of chronic osteomyelitis of the right tibia with discharging sinus over the anterolateral aspect of the leg.The pus culture grew Staphylococcus aureus,which was sensitive to clindamycin and vancomycin.The patient underwent irrigation and debridement with the placement of vancomycin cement beads made from 4 g of vancomycin powder and 40 g of polymethyl methacrylate.Three hours postoperatively,the patient developed a pruritic,erythematous,macular rash predominantly on his face,neck,chest,and lower extremities and to a lesser extent his upper extremities.A diagnosis of VFS was made and was successfully treated with cetirizine(10 mg,oral)and methylprednisolone sodium succinate(125 mg,intravenous).The patient continued to have itching with a facial rash for 12 h with gradual improvement.A decision was made to not remove the beads as the patient continued to improve.Gradually,the rash disappeared after 96 h with no further sequela.CONCLUSION VFS can occur not only after rapid intravenous injection of vancomycin but also with local release,as in our case.As orthopaedic surgeons routinely use vancomycin with polymethyl methacrylate in chronic osteomyelitis and revision arthroplasty,they should be aware of such a complication occurring. 展开更多
关键词 VANCOMYCIN Anaphylactic reactions Red man syndrome Vancomycin flushing syndrome Case report
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Flush by Unit在哥伦比亚Capella油田的应用
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作者 黎红胜 温慧芸 +1 位作者 郑振国 李陶涛 《地质装备》 2023年第1期40-43,共4页
Capella油田是哥伦比亚南部重要的稠油油田,目前处于开发生产阶段,为了油田的稳产增产,需频繁对油井进行干预。Flush by Unit具有操作简单、移动高效、作业时间缩短、安全事故少等优点,作为试点引入了Flush by Unit为该油田的浅井提供... Capella油田是哥伦比亚南部重要的稠油油田,目前处于开发生产阶段,为了油田的稳产增产,需频繁对油井进行干预。Flush by Unit具有操作简单、移动高效、作业时间缩短、安全事故少等优点,作为试点引入了Flush by Unit为该油田的浅井提供修井服务,以降低桶油成本。本文介绍了Flush by Unit的结构组成、使用范围、现场使用效果,与传统修井机相比,可以大幅降低作业时间和成本,为后续规模使用Flush by Unit进行常规修井提供了依据,也为油田的增产稳产带来了机遇。 展开更多
关键词 Flush by Unit 修井 增产稳产
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Design and Fluid-Dynamic Analysis of a Flushing Nozzle for Drilling Applications
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作者 Zhongshuai Chen Hongjian Ni +1 位作者 Xueliang Pei Yu Gao 《Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing》 EI 2023年第12期2953-2963,共11页
The actuator is a key component of the creaming tool in drilling applications.Its jet performances determine the effective reaming efficiency.In this work,a new selective reaming tool is proposed and the RNG k-εturbu... The actuator is a key component of the creaming tool in drilling applications.Its jet performances determine the effective reaming efficiency.In this work,a new selective reaming tool is proposed and the RNG k-εturbulence model is used to calculate its internal and externalflowfields.In particular,special attention is paid to the design of theflushing nozzle.The results show that the jet originating from theflushing nozzle has a significant influence on rock cutting and blade cooling effects.In turn,the jet performances depend on geometric structure of the creaming actuator.In this framework,a conical-cylindrical nozzle with a diameter of 7 mm is initially considered as a basis to implement a strategy to optimize the structural parameters of the reaming actuator,and improve the related side tracking reconstruction technology. 展开更多
关键词 Reaming tool while drilling flowfluid characteristics flushing nozzle nozzle structure
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基于欧式距离的AES 算法模板攻击 被引量:16
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作者 李志明 唐永中 《计算机工程与应用》 CSCD 北大核心 2022年第2期110-115,共6页
针对AES算法Cache计时模板攻击时会触发大量的Cache失效,容易被硬件计数器检测出来的问题,基于Flush+Flush攻击模型,提出一种基于欧氏距离的AES算法模板攻击方法,以减少触发Cache失效的次数,使攻击更加隐蔽。使用Flush+Flush攻击模型获... 针对AES算法Cache计时模板攻击时会触发大量的Cache失效,容易被硬件计数器检测出来的问题,基于Flush+Flush攻击模型,提出一种基于欧氏距离的AES算法模板攻击方法,以减少触发Cache失效的次数,使攻击更加隐蔽。使用Flush+Flush攻击模型获取AES算法在内存中映射的位置;利用已知明文攻击不断地触发密码进程,通过该模型建立每一个密钥的模板;利用Flush+Flush攻击模型获取真实情况下的Cache计时信息,通过计算计时信息与每一个密钥模板之间的欧式距离推算密钥。通过实验验证,以OpenSSL库中的AES算法快速实现为攻击对象,攻击模型能准确地获取AES算法密钥,并与Flush+Reload攻击模型相比较,触发的Cache失效次数仅为Flush+Reload攻击模型的17%。 展开更多
关键词 Flush+Flush攻击模型 模板攻击 AES算法 CACHE 欧氏距离
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试验堆主厂房楼板谱计算与比较 被引量:5
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作者 汪嘉春 傅激扬 才来中 《核动力工程》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2001年第4期308-312,共5页
土壤-结构动力相互作用分析是核工程抗震设计与安全分析中的重要环节。核工程在地震动中的反应主要取决于地震动特性、地基土特征与结构特性三个方面。对于非岩石地基土,由于构筑物基础面的运动受到土壤-结构动力相互作用的影响,与地... 土壤-结构动力相互作用分析是核工程抗震设计与安全分析中的重要环节。核工程在地震动中的反应主要取决于地震动特性、地基土特征与结构特性三个方面。对于非岩石地基土,由于构筑物基础面的运动受到土壤-结构动力相互作用的影响,与地表自由场运动会有显著的差别。在抗震设计规范中要求考虑这一相互作用的影响。本文采用 FLUSH、 SASSI2000程序进行了试验堆土壤-结构的动力分析,给出试验堆厂址地表自由场运动与各楼层反应谱,以供结构与设备抗震设计之用,并进行了比较分析。 展开更多
关键词 试验堆 反应谱 动力分析 FLUSH SASSI2000 土壤-结构动力相互作用 核工程 抗震设计 厂房 安全
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克孜尔水库大坝的地震动力反应分析 被引量:3
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作者 尹力峰 唐丽华 +1 位作者 王海涛 王坚 《世界地震工程》 CSCD 2002年第4期167-172,共6页
克孜尔水库以建在克孜尔活动断层而享誉盛名。在发生了1999年3月15日地震之后,评价其安全性具有重要意义。运用土与结构相互作用分析的拟三维有限元方法,对克孜尔水库大坝进行了地震反应分析,并评价了土坝的抗震性能,特别对坝体的抗震... 克孜尔水库以建在克孜尔活动断层而享誉盛名。在发生了1999年3月15日地震之后,评价其安全性具有重要意义。运用土与结构相互作用分析的拟三维有限元方法,对克孜尔水库大坝进行了地震反应分析,并评价了土坝的抗震性能,特别对坝体的抗震强度给出具体分析,克孜尔水库大坝的地震动力反应模拟进一步说明了FLUSH程序的实用价值。 展开更多
关键词 克孜尔水库 土坝 土-结构相互作用 有限元 地震反应分析 FLUSH程序
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Effects of human disturbance on the Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) at stopover sites in northeastern China 被引量:7
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作者 罗金明 王永洁 +1 位作者 杨帆 刘志军 《Chinese Birds》 2012年第3期206-216,共11页
There is a lack of information of whether the behavior pattern and physical condition of the Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) have been limited by conditions encountered at stopover sites in Changgou village,which is adjac... There is a lack of information of whether the behavior pattern and physical condition of the Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) have been limited by conditions encountered at stopover sites in Changgou village,which is adjacent to Zhalong Nature Reserve in northeastern China,one of the most important stopover sites of this crane.The objective of our research was to investigatethe impact of human-caused disturbances on the Hooded Cranes.We investigated three behavior activities of the Hooded Cranes,i.e.,flying time,flushing distance and the duration of vigilance.The results indicate that the auditory stimuli caused by local people provoked the most pronounced disturbances to the Hooded Crane.Human-caused disturbances not only frequently interrupt the feeding process of the cranes,but also lead to an increase of 200% in the duration of their vigilance and a significant increase in flying time from 0.4 to 0.7 h (p < 0.05).In addition,high-intensity noise can cause larger flushing distances; foraging cranes will flush away by about 600 m when disturbed by the honking of vehicles.Whistles or shouts by local farmers in the field generated the largest sound intensity,about 120 dB,which caused a flushing distance of over 700 m.In order to reduce the negative effect of human-caused disturbances on these cranes,it is imperative to define a buffer zone around sensitive areas during the fall stopover period.To solve the conflict between the interest of farmers and the demand for crops on the part of the cranes requires financial compensation to the farmers for the crops consumed by the Hooded Crane in order to enhance the conservation of this vulnerable bird species. 展开更多
关键词 migratory cranes foraging performance bahavior pattern flushing distance
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复合地基对场地地震反应的影响 被引量:1
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作者 高艳平 李恺靖 戴军 《岩土力学》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2009年第S1期211-214,共4页
复合地基在我国土木工程领域应用广泛。这类场地的地震反应如何呢?这对于结构设计的地震动输入是一个重要的问题。本文使用二维有限元分析程序——FLUSH,计算不同输入波和不同置换率情况下的地表加速度峰值和加速度反应谱,并围绕置换率... 复合地基在我国土木工程领域应用广泛。这类场地的地震反应如何呢?这对于结构设计的地震动输入是一个重要的问题。本文使用二维有限元分析程序——FLUSH,计算不同输入波和不同置换率情况下的地表加速度峰值和加速度反应谱,并围绕置换率对场地地震反应的影响进行了分析讨论。 展开更多
关键词 置换率 输入波 地震反应 FLUSH
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基于flushing time的春季水库优化调度可行性研究 被引量:1
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作者 张鸿清 包中进 +3 位作者 王斌 赵鲁灵 王自明 王月华 《人民长江》 北大核心 2016年第15期13-18,共6页
针对三峡水库支流库湾春季水华问题,通过建立三维水动力模型,探讨了利用调峰调度和潮汐式调度促进干支流水体交换的可行性。研究表明,当4月水库实施调峰调度时,整个库湾水体的flushing time较常规调度有所缩短,尤其是库湾上游至中上游区... 针对三峡水库支流库湾春季水华问题,通过建立三维水动力模型,探讨了利用调峰调度和潮汐式调度促进干支流水体交换的可行性。研究表明,当4月水库实施调峰调度时,整个库湾水体的flushing time较常规调度有所缩短,尤其是库湾上游至中上游区域;当5月水库开始实施潮汐式调度时,水体体积较大的库湾下游区域的flushing time较常规调度方案有所缩短。可见,两种水库优化调度方案对增大干支流水体交换均具有可行性。当水库实施调峰调度和潮汐式调度联合调度时,整个库湾水体的平均flushing time较常规调度方案有不同程度的缩短,表明该联合调度方案更能促进干支流水体的交换。研究成果可为支流库湾水环境问题的防治提供借鉴。 展开更多
关键词 FLUSHING TIME 水库优化调度 调峰调度 潮汐式调度 水动力模型 河道型水库
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Flush刀和SB刀在经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症中的临床应用 被引量:2
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作者 杨珍明 沈磊 《胃肠病学》 2018年第1期34-37,共4页
背景:经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)目前已被广泛用于治疗贲门失弛缓症(AC)且效果显著。然而,POEM手术操作难度大,术后并发症发生率高。目的:探讨Flush刀和SB刀在POEM治疗AC中的有效性和安全性。方法:选取2013年4月—2017年4月武汉大学人民... 背景:经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)目前已被广泛用于治疗贲门失弛缓症(AC)且效果显著。然而,POEM手术操作难度大,术后并发症发生率高。目的:探讨Flush刀和SB刀在POEM治疗AC中的有效性和安全性。方法:选取2013年4月—2017年4月武汉大学人民医院确诊为AC且接受POEM治疗的111例患者,将其分为Flush刀组、SB刀组和Dual刀组。比较三组手术相关指标、并发症和术后随访等方面的差异。结果:111例AC患者均顺利完成了POEM,三组平均手术时间、平均止血次数和平均更换设备的次数相比差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),进一步两两比较显示,Flush刀组和SB刀组上述手术相关指标均明显低于Dual刀组(P均<0.05)。三组术后并发症发生率相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.005),进一步两两比较显示,SB刀组显著低于Dual刀组(P=0.011),而Flush刀组与Dual刀组无明显差异(P=0.056)。三组手术治疗成功率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:Flush刀和SB刀能有效缩短POEM治疗AC的手术时间,且其成功率与常规Dual刀相似。 展开更多
关键词 经口内镜下肌切开术 Flush刀 SB刀 食管失弛症 治疗
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flush_action重选参数设置对数据业务用户感知的影响分析与设置优化
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作者 邓宏 邹洁 《电子世界》 2015年第24期118-118,122,共2页
日常网络优化过程中往往只着重对语音无线参数进行调整优化,但随着数据业务突飞猛进的发展,GPRS承载网中同样存在设备参数的调整和优化问题。大家都知道在语音业务中用户从原来的小区进入到新的小区要进行切换,而数据业务中不存在切换流... 日常网络优化过程中往往只着重对语音无线参数进行调整优化,但随着数据业务突飞猛进的发展,GPRS承载网中同样存在设备参数的调整和优化问题。大家都知道在语音业务中用户从原来的小区进入到新的小区要进行切换,而数据业务中不存在切换流程,只有对应的小区重选,小区重选参数设置不合理会直接影响数据业务传输速率甚至会导致传输过程失败,从而对用户感知度产生较大影响,因此,合理优化小区重选参数就显得尤为重要,本文主要要对flush-ll-ack消息参数action设置不同对网络时延造成的不同影响进行论述分析,从而通过该参数调整优化来进一步提升数据业务网络质量,提升用户感知度。 展开更多
关键词 flush action 删除(deleted) 转发(transferred)
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Characterizing urban road runoff quality in South China:a case study in Shenzhen 被引量:3
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作者 张健君 蒋沂孜 +2 位作者 刘安 管运涛 叶少华 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2014年第2期181-185,共5页
In order to have an in-depth understanding of road runoff characteristics and the linkages to their influential factors this paper investigates the road runoff quality in a city of South China Shenzhen.Four rainfall e... In order to have an in-depth understanding of road runoff characteristics and the linkages to their influential factors this paper investigates the road runoff quality in a city of South China Shenzhen.Four rainfall events with different characteristics are monitored on a typical urban road.It is noted that the road runoff quality is worse than Grade Ⅳ of environmental quality standards for surface water.This means that the road runoff has posed a serious risk to water environment health. Furthermore the research outcomes indicate that first flush highly varies with rainfall patterns and pollutant species.This means that for road runoff treatment design rainfall patterns as well as pollutant species should be taken into consideration and this is particularly essential to design first flush capturing devices. Additionally the threshold of an initial 3 to 5 mm rainfall depth is suggested to the first flush capturing device design.These results provide useful suggestions to the effective road runoff treatment design. 展开更多
关键词 STORMWATER pollution road RUNOFF quality characteristics first flush low impact development LID
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城市排水管道沉积物新型清除方法 被引量:5
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作者 王健 刘嘉 宋鸽 《水科学与工程技术》 2009年第6期46-48,共3页
城市排水管道是排水系统的重要组成部分。当前,排水管道污染物的沉积问题十分严重,沉积物不仅降低排水管道的输送能力,而且造成管道腐蚀,降低了管道的使用寿命。简述了城市排水管道内沉积物的来源、危害、影响及用于清除管道沉积物的国... 城市排水管道是排水系统的重要组成部分。当前,排水管道污染物的沉积问题十分严重,沉积物不仅降低排水管道的输送能力,而且造成管道腐蚀,降低了管道的使用寿命。简述了城市排水管道内沉积物的来源、危害、影响及用于清除管道沉积物的国外新型设备,为国内城市排水管道沉积物的清除提供了既经济、又省时省力的新型解决方法。 展开更多
关键词 排水管道 沉积物 HYDRO Flush HYDRO GUARD MINI
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First flush of storm runoff pollution from an urban catchment in China 被引量:52
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作者 LI Li-qing YIN Cheng-qing +1 位作者 HE Qing-ci KONG Ling-li 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第3期295-299,共5页
Storm runoff pollution process was investigated in an urban catchment with an area of 1.3 km^2 in Wuhan City of China. The results indicate that the pollutant concentration peaks preceded the flow peaks in all of 8 mo... Storm runoff pollution process was investigated in an urban catchment with an area of 1.3 km^2 in Wuhan City of China. The results indicate that the pollutant concentration peaks preceded the flow peaks in all of 8 monitored storm events. The intervals between pollution peak and flow peak were shorter in the rain events with higher intensity in the initial period than those with lower intensity. The fractions of pollution load transported by the first 30% of runoff volume (FF30) were 52.2%-72.1% for total suspended solids (TSS), 53.0%-65.3% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 40.4%-50.6% for total nitrogen (TN), and 45.8%-63.2% for total phosphorus (TP), respectively. Runoff pollution was positively related to non-raining days before the rainfall. Intercepting the first 30% of runoff volume can remove 62.4% of TSS load, 59.4% of COD load, 46.8% of TN load, and 54.1% of TP load, respectively, according to all the storm events. It is suggested that controlling the first flush is a critical measure in reduction of urban stormwater pollution. 展开更多
关键词 first flush stormwater pollution urban area rainfall pattem RUNOFF
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Characterization of surface runoff from a subtropics urban catchment 被引量:10
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作者 HUANG Jin-liang DU Peng-fei +4 位作者 AO Chi-tan LEI Mui-heong ZHAO Dong-quan HO Man-him WANG Zhi-shi 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第2期148-152,共5页
Characteristics of surface runoff from a 0.14-km^2 urban catchment with separated sewer in Macao was investigated. Water quality measurements of surface runoff were carried out on five rainfall events during the perio... Characteristics of surface runoff from a 0.14-km^2 urban catchment with separated sewer in Macao was investigated. Water quality measurements of surface runoff were carried out on five rainfall events during the period of August to November, 2005. Water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, TSS, COD, TN, Zn, Pb, and Cu were analyzed. The results show that TN and COD are the major pollutants from surface runoff with mean concentration of 8.5 and 201.4 mg/L, both over 4-fold higher compared to the Class V surface water quality standard developed by China SEPA. Event mean concentration (EMC) for major pollutants showed considerable variations between rainfall events. The largest rainfall event with the longest length of antecedent dry weather period (ADWP) produced the highest EMC of TN, TSS and COD. From the pollutographs analysis, the peak concentration of TN precedes the peak runoff flow rate for all three rainfall events. The tendency of the concentration of TSS, turbidity and COD changing with runoff flow varies between rainfall events. The relationship between TSS and other parameters were analyzed to evaluate the efficiency of the physical treatment process to control the surface runoff in the urban catchment. Based on the correlation of parameters with TSS, high treatment efficiency of TSS, TN and COD was expected. The most significant event in term of first flush is the one with the strongest rainfall intensity and longest length of ADWP. TN always showed first flush phenomenon in all three rainfall events, which suggested that the surface runoff in the early stage of surface runoff should be dealt with for controlling TN losses during rainfall events. 展开更多
关键词 surface runoff event mean concentration (EMC) first flush MACAO
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