A compound varifocal lens based on electromagnetic drive technology is designed and fabricated, where the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) film acts as a driving component, while the PDMS biconvex lens and the plane-concave...A compound varifocal lens based on electromagnetic drive technology is designed and fabricated, where the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) film acts as a driving component, while the PDMS biconvex lens and the plane-concave lens form a coaxial compound lens system. The plane-concave lens equipped with driving coils is installed directly above the PDMS lens surrounded by the annular magnet. When different currents are applied, the annular magnet moves up and down, driving the PDMS film to undergo elastic deformation, and then resulting in longitudinal movement of the PDMS lens. The position change of the PDMS lens changes the focal length of the compound lens system. To verify the feasibility and practicability of this design, a prototype of our compound lens system is fabricated in experiment. Our proposed compound lens shows that its zoom ability reaches 9.28 mm when the current ranges from -0.20 A to 0.21 A.展开更多
Different from other normal modes of the Earth’s free oscillation that depend on all the six components(M_(rr),M_(tt),M_(pp),M_(rt),M_(rp),and M_(tp))of the centroid moment tensor,the amplitudes of the radial modes d...Different from other normal modes of the Earth’s free oscillation that depend on all the six components(M_(rr),M_(tt),M_(pp),M_(rt),M_(rp),and M_(tp))of the centroid moment tensor,the amplitudes of the radial modes depend on the M_(rr)component(e.g.,scalar moment(M_(0)),dip(δ),and slip(λ))and hypocenter depth of the focal mechanism,and hence can be easily used to constrain these parameters of the focal mechanism.In this study,we use the superconducting gravimeter(SG)records after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake to analyze the radial modes_(0)S_(0)and_(1)S_(0).Based on the solutions of the focal mechanism provided by the GCMT and USGS,we can obtain the theoretical amplitudes of these two radial modes.Comparing the theoretical amplitudes with the observation amplitudes,it is found that there are obvious differences between the former and the latter,which means that the GCMT and USGS focal mechanisms cannot well represent the real focal mechanism of the 2011 event.Taking the GCMT solution as a reference and changing the depth and the three parameters of the M_(rr)moment,the scalar moment(M_(0))and the dip(δ)have significant influences,but the effects of the slip(λ)and the depth are minor.After comparisons,we provide a new constraint(M_(0)=5.8±0.09×10^(22)N·m,δ=10.1±0.08°,λ=88°,and depth=20 km)for the focal mechanism of the 2011 event.In addition,we further determine the center frequency(1.631567±2.6e^(-6)mHz)and quality factor(2046.4±50.1)of the_(1)S_(0)mode.展开更多
Since the inception of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(F-18 FDG),positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)utilizing F-18 FDG has become widely accepted as a valuable imaging modality in the field of onco...Since the inception of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(F-18 FDG),positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)utilizing F-18 FDG has become widely accepted as a valuable imaging modality in the field of oncology,with global prevalence in clinical practice.Given that a single Torso PET/CT scan encompasses the anatomical region from the skull base to the upper thigh,the detection of incidental abnormal focal hypermetabolism in areas of limited clinical interest is both feasible and not uncommon.Numerous investigations have been undertaken to delineate the distinctive features of these findings,yet the outcomes have proven inconclusive.The incongruent results of these studies present a challenge for physicians,leaving them uncertain about the appropriate course of action.This article provides a succinct overview of the characteristics of fluorodeoxyglucose,followed by a comprehensive discussion of the imaging findings and clinical significance associated with incidental focal abnormal F-18 FDG activity in several representative organs.In conclusion,while the prevalence of unrecognized malignancy varies across organs,malignancies account for a substantial proportion,ranging from approximately one-third to over half,of incidental focal uptake.In light of these rates,physicians are urged to exercise vigilance in not disregarding unexpected uptake,facilitating more assured clinical decisions,and advocating for further active evaluation.展开更多
BACKGROUND The Columbia classification identified five histological variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS).The prognostic significance of these variants remains controversial.AIM To evaluate the relative...BACKGROUND The Columbia classification identified five histological variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS).The prognostic significance of these variants remains controversial.AIM To evaluate the relative frequency,clinicopathologic characteristics,and medium-term outcomes of FSGS variants at a single center in Pakistan.METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan on all consecutive adults(≥16 years)with biopsy-proven primary FSGS from January 1995 to December 2017.Studied subjects were treated with steroids as a first-line therapy.The response rates,doubling of serum creatinine,and kidney failure(KF)with replacement therapy were compared between histological variants using ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis,and Chi-square tests as appropriate.Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0.P-value≤0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS A total of 401 patients were diagnosed with primary FSGS during the study period.Among these,352(87.7%)had a designated histological variant.The not otherwise specified(NOS)variant was the commonest,being found in 185(53.9%)patients,followed by the tip variant in 100(29.1%)patients.Collapsing(COL),cellular(CEL),and perihilar(PHI)variants were seen in 58(16.9%),6(1.5%),and 3(0.7%)patients,respectively.CEL and PHI variants were excluded from further analysis due to small patient numbers.The mean follow-up period was 36.5±29.2 months.Regarding response rates of variants,patients with TIP lesions achieved remission more frequently(59.5%)than patients with NOS(41.8%)and COL(24.52%)variants(P<0.001).The hazard ratio of complete response among patients with the COL variant was 0.163[95%confidence interval(CI):0.039-0.67]as compared to patients with NOS.The TIP variant showed a hazard ratio of 2.5(95%CI:1.61-3.89)for complete remission compared to the NOS variant.Overall,progressive KF was observed more frequently in patients with the COL variant,43.4%(P<0.001).Among these,24.53%of patients required kidney replacement therapy(P<0.001).The hazard ratio of doubling of serum creatinine among patients with the COL variant was 14.57(95%CI:1.87-113.49)as compared to patients with the TIP variant.CONCLUSION In conclusion,histological variants of FSGS are predictive of response to treatment with immunosuppressants and progressive KF in adults in our setup.展开更多
In patients with liver tumors,the histopathology examination can assist in diagnosis,staging,prognosis,and therapeutic management strategy.Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided tissue acquisition using fine needle aspirat...In patients with liver tumors,the histopathology examination can assist in diagnosis,staging,prognosis,and therapeutic management strategy.Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided tissue acquisition using fine needle aspiration(FNA)or more newly fine needle biopsy(FNB)is a well-developed technique in order to evaluate and differentiate the liver masses.The goal of the EUS-FNA or EUS-FNB is to provide an accurate sample for a histopathology examination.Therefore,malignant tumors such as hepatocarcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma and liver metastasis or benign tumors such as liver adenoma,focal hyperplastic nodular tumors and cystic lesions can be accurately diagnosed using EUS-guided tissue acquisition.EUS-FNB using 19 or 22 Ga needle provide longer samples and a higher diagnostic accuracy in patients with liver masses when compared with EUS-FNA.Few data are available on the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNB when compared with percutaneously,ultrasound,computer tomography or transjugulary-guided liver biopsies.This review will discuss the EUS-guided tissue acquisition options in patients with liver tumors and its efficacy and safety in providing accurate samples.The results of the last studies comparing EUS-guided liver biopsy with other conventional techniques are presented.The EUS-guided tissue acquisition using FNB can be a suitable technique in suspected liver lesions in order to provide an accurate histopathology diagnosis,especially for those who require endoscopy.展开更多
Due to its lower risk of consequences when compared to a radical approach, focal treatment is a viable and minimally invasive option for treating specific localized prostate cancer. Although several recent good nonran...Due to its lower risk of consequences when compared to a radical approach, focal treatment is a viable and minimally invasive option for treating specific localized prostate cancer. Although several recent good nonrandomized trials have suggested that focused therapy may be an alternative choice for some patients, additional high-quality evidence is needed before it can be made widely available as a conventional treatment. As a result, we have summarized the most recent findings from the 38th Annual European Association of Urology Congress, one of the most renowned annual conferences in the area of urology, regarding focal ablation therapy for patients with localized prostate cancer. Additionally, we also provided clinical trials in progress for researchers to better understand the current research status of this field.展开更多
BACKGROUND Several reports show that two types of coronary vasospasm(diffuse and focal spasm)are associated with the severity or prognosis of coronary spasm in patients with vasospastic angina(VSA).It is unclear wheth...BACKGROUND Several reports show that two types of coronary vasospasm(diffuse and focal spasm)are associated with the severity or prognosis of coronary spasm in patients with vasospastic angina(VSA).It is unclear whether intracoronary pressure differs between the two spasm types.AIM To investigate such relationships using a pressure wire during the spasm provocation test(SPT)in patients with VSA.METHODS Eighty-seven patients with VSA(average age:67 years;50 men,37 women)underwent SPT.During the SPT,a pressure wire was advanced into the distal portion of the right coronary artery and left anterior descending coronary artery,and the ratio of the intracoronary pressure to the aortic pressure(Pd/Pa)was continuously monitored.An SPT was performed using acetylcholine(ACh),and the presence of coronary spasm was defined as the presence of>90%arterial narrowing in response to an ACh infusion,with the usual chest symptoms and/or ischemic ECG changes.Focal spasm was defined as total or subtotal spasm within one segment of the AHA classification,while diffuse spasm was defined as>90%spasm with two or more segments.RESULTS Among 87 patients,the frequencies of metabolic syndrome and having coronary atherosclerosis were higher in the focal group(n=33)than in the diffuse spasm group(n=54,P<0.05).In the vessel analyses,in these 134 spastic segments,diffuse and focal spasms were detected in 100 and 34 vessels,respectively.The Pd/Pa at baseline was similar in both groups(diffuse:0.96±0.05,focal:0.95±0.05,P=0.35);however,the Pd/Pa during coronary spasm was lower in focal spastic vessels(0.66±0.20)than in diffuse spastic vessels(0.76±0.11,P<0.01),and the reduction in Pd/Pa during an SPT was also lower in focal spastic vessels(-0.29±0.20)than in diffuse spastic vessels(-0.18±0.11,P<0.01).The presence of focal spasm was a significant factor responsible for reduction in Pd/Pa during SPT.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that focal spasm may be more severe than diffuse spasm,judging from the intracoronary pressure during coronary spasm.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)has become an established method in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in gastroenterology;however,it has recently gained a growing role in hepatology.AIM To evaluate the r...BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)has become an established method in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in gastroenterology;however,it has recently gained a growing role in hepatology.AIM To evaluate the role of EUS features,strain elastography(SE),and EUS-tissue acquisition in diagnosing hepatic focal lesions(HFLs)that could affect further management.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 215 patients with pancreatic,biliary,or gastrointestinal malignancies referred for EUS examination.HFLs were identified in 43 patients(20%),and EUSguided tissue acquisition was performed from these lesions.RESULTS EUS features were highly sensitive(100%)but much less specific(57%)in diagnosing HFLs;the overall accuracy was 94%.Real-time elastography was also very sensitive(97%)but less specific(67%)in diagnosing HFLs;however,the overall accuracy was 92%.EUS tissue acquisition was extremely sensitive(100%)and specific(100%),with a 100%overall diagnostic accuracy.CONCLUSION The diagnostic utility of EUS-guided tissue acquisition was extremely accurate in diagnosing HFLs.EUS characteristics and real-time SE accurately predicted the histological diagnosis of both benign and malignant HFLs.展开更多
In this work, by controlling the positional relationship between the target and the focal point, the surface damage, shock wave phenomenon and propagation mechanism involved in the plasma generation of fused silica by...In this work, by controlling the positional relationship between the target and the focal point, the surface damage, shock wave phenomenon and propagation mechanism involved in the plasma generation of fused silica by millisecond pulsed laser irradiation at different focal positions were studied. Laser energy is an important experimental variable. The dynamic process of plasma was detected by optical shadow method, and the influence of surface film damage on plasma propagation and the propagation mechanism at different focal positions were discussed. The study found that the plasma induced by the pulsed laser at the focus position within 0–20 μs exploded, the micro-droplets formed around 20 μs. At the same time, a shock wave is formed by the compressed air, the micro-droplets are compressed under the action of the shock wave recoil pressure, and the micro-droplets channel phenomenon is observed in the micro-droplets. The peak velocities of plasma and combustion wave appear earlier in the pre-focus position than in the post-focus position. This research provides a reference for the field of laser processing using fused silica as the substrate.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)show podocyte-protective effects in chronic kidney disease.Calycosin(CA),a phytoestrogen,is isolated from Astragalus membranaceus with a kidney-tonifying effe...BACKGROUND Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)show podocyte-protective effects in chronic kidney disease.Calycosin(CA),a phytoestrogen,is isolated from Astragalus membranaceus with a kidney-tonifying effect.CA preconditioning enhances the protective effect of MSCs against renal fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral occlusion.However,the protective effect and underlying mechanism of CA-pretreated MSCs(MSCsCA)on podocytes in adriamycin(ADR)-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS)mice remain unclear.AIM To investigate whether CA enhances the role of MSCs in protecting against podocyte injury induced by ADR and the possible mechanism involved.METHODS ADR was used to induce FSGS in mice,and MSCs,CA,or MSCsCA were administered to mice.Their protective effect and possible mechanism of action on podocytes were observed by Western blot,immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence,and real-time polymerase chain reaction.In vitro,ADR was used to stimulate mouse podocytes(MPC5)to induce injury,and the supernatants from MSC-,CA-,or MSCsCA-treated cells were collected to observe their protective effects on podocytes.Subsequently,the apoptosis of podocytes was detected in vivo and in vitro by Western blot,TUNEL assay,and immunofluorescence.Overexpression of Smad3,which is involved in apoptosis,was then induced to evaluate whether the MSCsCA-mediated podocyte protective effect is associated with Smad3 inhibition in MPC5 cells.RESULTS CA-pretreated MSCs enhanced the protective effect of MSCs against podocyte injury and the ability to inhibit podocyte apoptosis in ADR-induced FSGS mice and MPC5 cells.Expression of p-Smad3 was upregulated in mice with ADR-induced FSGS and MPC5 cells,which was reversed by MSCCA treatment more significantly than by MSCs or CA alone.When Smad3 was overexpressed in MPC5 cells,MSCsCA could not fulfill their potential to inhibit podocyte apoptosis.CONCLUSION MSCsCA enhance the protection of MSCs against ADR-induced podocyte apoptosis.The underlying mechanism may be related to MSCsCA-targeted inhibition of p-Smad3 in podocytes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Nesidioblastosis usually refers to a series of clinical manifestations caused by the proliferation ofβ-cells in pancreatic islets,and these clinical manifestations are hyperinsulinemia and persistent hypog...BACKGROUND Nesidioblastosis usually refers to a series of clinical manifestations caused by the proliferation ofβ-cells in pancreatic islets,and these clinical manifestations are hyperinsulinemia and persistent hypoglycemia.According to the size of the lesion,nesidioblastosis is divided into focal nesidioblastosis,diffuse nesidioblastosis and atypical nesidioblastosis,and its pathogenesis is still unclear.Nesidioblastosis is mainly seen in infants and rarely reported in adults,especially focal nesidioblastosis,which is difficult to distinguish from insulinoma.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of adult focalβ-cell nesidioblastosis in which the preoperative diagnosis was insulinoma.The patient was a 48-year-old male who suffered from repeated morning and fasting palpitations,sweating,and severe disturbance of consciousness for 5 years.His blood glucose was found to be as low as 1.79 mmol/L during an attack.However,abdominal computed tomography showed no abnormalities.Magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated a nodular mass in the head of the pancreas,combined with hyperinsulinemia and high serum C-peptide.The patient was diagnosed with insulinoma and underwent Beger surgery;however,the postoperative pathological results showed nesidioblastosis.CONCLUSION Although surgical resection is the preferred option for nesidioblastosis,some cases can be treated non-surgically.In order to increase clinicians’understanding of nesidioblastosis,it is necessary to review the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of this disease.展开更多
The energy crisis has aroused widespread concern, and the reform of energy structure is imminent. In the future,the energy structure will be dominated by the solar energy and other renewable energy sources. The solar ...The energy crisis has aroused widespread concern, and the reform of energy structure is imminent. In the future,the energy structure will be dominated by the solar energy and other renewable energy sources. The solar concentrating technology as a promising method has been widely studied for collecting solar energy. However, the previous solar concentrating technologies suffer from some drawbacks, such as low focusing efficiency and large concentrating size. The Luneburg lens with highly efficient aberration-free focusing provides a new route for solar/energy concentrator. In this work, we designed a plane focal surface Luneburg lens(PFSLL) by transformation optics(TO). The PFSLL provides a relatively high focusing efficiency and concentration ratio of collection of energy. At the same time, it circumvents the disadvantage of curve surface of the classical Luneburg lens in device integration. Based on the reciprocity of electromagnetic waves, the PFSLL can also be applied to the antenna field to achieve broadband wide-angle scanning and highly directional radiation.展开更多
To reveal the seismogenic mechanism of the Luding earthquake, we employed the 118 China Seismic Network stations to collect the P-wave polarity data from each station, which was then used in the P-wave first motion ap...To reveal the seismogenic mechanism of the Luding earthquake, we employed the 118 China Seismic Network stations to collect the P-wave polarity data from each station, which was then used in the P-wave first motion approach to calculate the focal mechanism solution of the M6.8 Luding earthquake that occurred on September 5,2022. We have also studied the loading effect of tectonic stress on the Luding earthquake fault based on the stress field data for the research area. The results indicate that this earthquake was a strike-slip type, the nodal plane I:strike 167°, dip angle 78°, slip angle 2°;Nodal plane II: strike 77°, dip angle 88°, slip angle 168°. The two fault planes’ instability coefficients of the Luding earthquake are examined considering the region’s background stress field’s condition. The nodal plane I in the Moho circle is discovered to practically coincide with the Coulomb failure line and the tangent point of the Moho circle, indicating that this nodal plane has a high instability coefficient compared to the nodal plane II. The conclusion is that the nodal plane I has a higher likelihood of being the seismogenic fault plane, which is congruent with the seismogenic fault plane suggested by the aftershock distribution, the earthquake radiation energy distribution of a single station, and seismic intensity distribution.The Luding earthquake’s focal mechanism is highly like the theoretical focal mechanism of the fault situated at the location where the Coulomb failure line intersects the Mohr circle, demonstrating that background stress is what caused the earthquake. The substantial fault instability and similarity between the solved and theoretical focal mechanisms make it easier to comprehend the loading effect of tectonic stress on the Luding earthquake fault.展开更多
BACKGROUND We present a case of focal lymphoblastic transformation to erythroid leukemia following acute myeloblastic transformation in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML)and discuss its mechanism of occu...BACKGROUND We present a case of focal lymphoblastic transformation to erythroid leukemia following acute myeloblastic transformation in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML)and discuss its mechanism of occurrence and development.CASE SUMMARY The presence of the Philadelphia(Ph)chromosome was identified through karyotype analysis,while the BCR-ABL fusion gene was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of the peripheral blood sample.Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of the BCRABL gene in the lymphoma.Antigen expression and gene mutations in the primitive cells were detected by flow cytometry.The analysis confirmed the presence of CML along with focal lymphoblastic transformation to erythroid leukemia.Additionally,the patient was found to have secondary erythroid leukemia,along with multiple new gene mutations and abnormalities in complex karyotypes of chromosomes.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a possible molecular basis for the focal lymphoblastic transformation secondary to myeloblastic transformation in patients with CML.展开更多
Introduction: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) corresponds to a clinicopathological syndrome, manifested by generally abundant proteinuria associated with hyaline deposits on part of certain glomeruli and spa...Introduction: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) corresponds to a clinicopathological syndrome, manifested by generally abundant proteinuria associated with hyaline deposits on part of certain glomeruli and sparing other glomeruli, with effacement of the pedicels. The general objective was to determine the prevalence of FSGS, and to give its profiles;epidemiological, clinical, biological, pathological, etiological, therapeutic and evolutionary of FSGS. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analytical study over a period of six years extending from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2015 patients aged 16 or over who were hospitalized or received consultations during the study period for primary or secondary segmental and focal hyalinosis. Patients whose records were incomplete or unusable were not included in the study. Results: We have 16.54% with 158 cases of FSGS out of 6945 patients received and/or hospitalized. Of the 955 kidney biopsies distributed, the incidences of HSF were;10.15%;14.04%;15%;17.64%;20.11%;19.58% respectively in 2010;2011;2012;2013;2014 and 2015, i.e. an annual increase of around 1.25%. Renal-type edemas were found in 93.3%, the first reason for hospitalization. And ninety-six people had impaired kidney function, or 61%. The average of 24-hour proteinuria was 6.4 ± 3.69 g/24 hours. The extremes were 0.37 and 18.50 g/24h. Patients had nephrotic proteinuria in 84.86%. Non-specific FSGS or NOS (Not Other Specificities) was found in 62 cases or 39.24%, collapsing FSGS in 48 cases or 30.40%. FSGS with found causes was associated with fibrosis in 5/35 cases. Collapsing FSGSs followed by NOS FSGSs were the most corticosteroid-resistant. The evolution of the FSGS reveals that every 8 months the proteinuria decreases by half. Conclusion: Segmental and focal hyalinosis requires histological confirmation and the epidemiological, clinico-biological, etiological, therapeutic and evolutionary profiles depend on the histological (pathological) type. Other works on the risk factors for occurrence and the contribution of electron microscopy in the primary and secondary diagnosis of segmental and focal hyalinosis are desired.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic stellate cell(HSC)hyperactivation is a central link in liver fibrosis development.HSCs perform aerobic glycolysis to provide energy for their activation.Focal adhesion kinase(FAK)promotes aerobic gl...BACKGROUND Hepatic stellate cell(HSC)hyperactivation is a central link in liver fibrosis development.HSCs perform aerobic glycolysis to provide energy for their activation.Focal adhesion kinase(FAK)promotes aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells or fibroblasts,while FAK-related non-kinase(FRNK)inhibits FAK phosphorylation and biological functions.AIM To elucidate the effect of FRNK on liver fibrosis at the level of aerobic glycolytic metabolism in HSCs.METHODS Mouse liver fibrosis models were established by administering CCl4,and the effect of FRNK on the degree of liver fibrosis in the model was evaluated.Transforming growth factor-β1 was used to activate LX-2 cells.Tyrosine phosphorylation at position 397(pY397-FAK)was detected to identify activated FAK,and the expression of the glycolysis-related proteins monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT-1)and enolase1(ENO1)was assessed.Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict putative binding sites for c-myc in the ENO1 promoter region,which were validated with chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)and dual luciferase reporter assays.RESULTS The pY397-FAK level was increased in human fibrotic liver tissue.FRNK knockout promoted liver fibrosis in mouse models.It also increased the activation,migration,proliferation and aerobic glycolysis of primary hepatic stellate cells(pHSCs)but inhibited pHSC apoptosis.Nevertheless,opposite trends for these phenomena were observed after exogenous FRNK treatment in LX-2 cells.Mechanistically,the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ENO1 pathway promoted aerobic glycolysis,which was inhibited by exogenous FRNK.CONCLUSION FRNK inhibits aerobic glycolysis in HSCs by inhibiting the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ENO1 pathway,thereby improving liver fibrosis.FRNK might be a potential target for liver fibrosis treatment.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether the response of a central hexagonal element corresponding to the macular area in conventional multifocal electroretinography(mfERG) tests was the same as that of experimental mfERG using si...AIM: To investigate whether the response of a central hexagonal element corresponding to the macular area in conventional multifocal electroretinography(mfERG) tests was the same as that of experimental mfERG using single central hexagonal element stimulation. METHODS: Prospective, observational study. Thirty healthy subjects were included in this study. mfERG recordings were performed according to two protocols: stimulus with 37 hexagonal elements(protocol 1), and stimulus with a single central element created by deactivating the other 36 hexagonal elements(protocol 2). We compared differences between ring 1 parameters in each protocol. RESULTS: In protocol 1, the first positive component(P1) implicit time and P1 amplitude were 37.8±1.8 ms and 6.3±2.7 μV. After single element stimulation(protocol 2), double positive waves appeared. The implicit time and amplitude of P1 were 40.7±2.4 ms(P<0.001) and 9.1±3.3 μV(P=0.001), respectively. The implicit time and amplitude of the second positive component(P2) were 68.0±4.5 ms(P<0.001, compared with P1 in protocol 1) and 12.3±4.7 μV(P<0.001, compared with P1 in protocol 1), respectively. The amplitude of P2 in protocol 2 was about two times higher than that of P1 in protocol 1. CONCLUSION: mfERG responses of a central hexagonal element in a single element stimulation protocol are different from those of multiple element stimulation. The positive wave is more enhanced compared to that of the conventional protocol and it elongated into two wavelets.展开更多
文摘A compound varifocal lens based on electromagnetic drive technology is designed and fabricated, where the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) film acts as a driving component, while the PDMS biconvex lens and the plane-concave lens form a coaxial compound lens system. The plane-concave lens equipped with driving coils is installed directly above the PDMS lens surrounded by the annular magnet. When different currents are applied, the annular magnet moves up and down, driving the PDMS film to undergo elastic deformation, and then resulting in longitudinal movement of the PDMS lens. The position change of the PDMS lens changes the focal length of the compound lens system. To verify the feasibility and practicability of this design, a prototype of our compound lens system is fabricated in experiment. Our proposed compound lens shows that its zoom ability reaches 9.28 mm when the current ranges from -0.20 A to 0.21 A.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants:41974022 and 42192531)the Educational Commission of Hubei Province of China(Grant:2020CFA109)+1 种基金the Special Fund of Hubei Luojia Laboratory(grant#220100002)Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy,Ministry of Education,Wuhan University(grant#210204)。
文摘Different from other normal modes of the Earth’s free oscillation that depend on all the six components(M_(rr),M_(tt),M_(pp),M_(rt),M_(rp),and M_(tp))of the centroid moment tensor,the amplitudes of the radial modes depend on the M_(rr)component(e.g.,scalar moment(M_(0)),dip(δ),and slip(λ))and hypocenter depth of the focal mechanism,and hence can be easily used to constrain these parameters of the focal mechanism.In this study,we use the superconducting gravimeter(SG)records after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake to analyze the radial modes_(0)S_(0)and_(1)S_(0).Based on the solutions of the focal mechanism provided by the GCMT and USGS,we can obtain the theoretical amplitudes of these two radial modes.Comparing the theoretical amplitudes with the observation amplitudes,it is found that there are obvious differences between the former and the latter,which means that the GCMT and USGS focal mechanisms cannot well represent the real focal mechanism of the 2011 event.Taking the GCMT solution as a reference and changing the depth and the three parameters of the M_(rr)moment,the scalar moment(M_(0))and the dip(δ)have significant influences,but the effects of the slip(λ)and the depth are minor.After comparisons,we provide a new constraint(M_(0)=5.8±0.09×10^(22)N·m,δ=10.1±0.08°,λ=88°,and depth=20 km)for the focal mechanism of the 2011 event.In addition,we further determine the center frequency(1.631567±2.6e^(-6)mHz)and quality factor(2046.4±50.1)of the_(1)S_(0)mode.
文摘Since the inception of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(F-18 FDG),positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)utilizing F-18 FDG has become widely accepted as a valuable imaging modality in the field of oncology,with global prevalence in clinical practice.Given that a single Torso PET/CT scan encompasses the anatomical region from the skull base to the upper thigh,the detection of incidental abnormal focal hypermetabolism in areas of limited clinical interest is both feasible and not uncommon.Numerous investigations have been undertaken to delineate the distinctive features of these findings,yet the outcomes have proven inconclusive.The incongruent results of these studies present a challenge for physicians,leaving them uncertain about the appropriate course of action.This article provides a succinct overview of the characteristics of fluorodeoxyglucose,followed by a comprehensive discussion of the imaging findings and clinical significance associated with incidental focal abnormal F-18 FDG activity in several representative organs.In conclusion,while the prevalence of unrecognized malignancy varies across organs,malignancies account for a substantial proportion,ranging from approximately one-third to over half,of incidental focal uptake.In light of these rates,physicians are urged to exercise vigilance in not disregarding unexpected uptake,facilitating more assured clinical decisions,and advocating for further active evaluation.
文摘BACKGROUND The Columbia classification identified five histological variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS).The prognostic significance of these variants remains controversial.AIM To evaluate the relative frequency,clinicopathologic characteristics,and medium-term outcomes of FSGS variants at a single center in Pakistan.METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan on all consecutive adults(≥16 years)with biopsy-proven primary FSGS from January 1995 to December 2017.Studied subjects were treated with steroids as a first-line therapy.The response rates,doubling of serum creatinine,and kidney failure(KF)with replacement therapy were compared between histological variants using ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis,and Chi-square tests as appropriate.Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0.P-value≤0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS A total of 401 patients were diagnosed with primary FSGS during the study period.Among these,352(87.7%)had a designated histological variant.The not otherwise specified(NOS)variant was the commonest,being found in 185(53.9%)patients,followed by the tip variant in 100(29.1%)patients.Collapsing(COL),cellular(CEL),and perihilar(PHI)variants were seen in 58(16.9%),6(1.5%),and 3(0.7%)patients,respectively.CEL and PHI variants were excluded from further analysis due to small patient numbers.The mean follow-up period was 36.5±29.2 months.Regarding response rates of variants,patients with TIP lesions achieved remission more frequently(59.5%)than patients with NOS(41.8%)and COL(24.52%)variants(P<0.001).The hazard ratio of complete response among patients with the COL variant was 0.163[95%confidence interval(CI):0.039-0.67]as compared to patients with NOS.The TIP variant showed a hazard ratio of 2.5(95%CI:1.61-3.89)for complete remission compared to the NOS variant.Overall,progressive KF was observed more frequently in patients with the COL variant,43.4%(P<0.001).Among these,24.53%of patients required kidney replacement therapy(P<0.001).The hazard ratio of doubling of serum creatinine among patients with the COL variant was 14.57(95%CI:1.87-113.49)as compared to patients with the TIP variant.CONCLUSION In conclusion,histological variants of FSGS are predictive of response to treatment with immunosuppressants and progressive KF in adults in our setup.
文摘In patients with liver tumors,the histopathology examination can assist in diagnosis,staging,prognosis,and therapeutic management strategy.Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided tissue acquisition using fine needle aspiration(FNA)or more newly fine needle biopsy(FNB)is a well-developed technique in order to evaluate and differentiate the liver masses.The goal of the EUS-FNA or EUS-FNB is to provide an accurate sample for a histopathology examination.Therefore,malignant tumors such as hepatocarcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma and liver metastasis or benign tumors such as liver adenoma,focal hyperplastic nodular tumors and cystic lesions can be accurately diagnosed using EUS-guided tissue acquisition.EUS-FNB using 19 or 22 Ga needle provide longer samples and a higher diagnostic accuracy in patients with liver masses when compared with EUS-FNA.Few data are available on the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNB when compared with percutaneously,ultrasound,computer tomography or transjugulary-guided liver biopsies.This review will discuss the EUS-guided tissue acquisition options in patients with liver tumors and its efficacy and safety in providing accurate samples.The results of the last studies comparing EUS-guided liver biopsy with other conventional techniques are presented.The EUS-guided tissue acquisition using FNB can be a suitable technique in suspected liver lesions in order to provide an accurate histopathology diagnosis,especially for those who require endoscopy.
基金supported by the Luzhou City Science and Technology Bureau (No.2020LZXNYDJ10 and 2020LZXNYDJ14)Cooperation Project between the Second People’s Hospital of Deyang and Southwest Medical University (No.2022DYEXNYD002)。
文摘Due to its lower risk of consequences when compared to a radical approach, focal treatment is a viable and minimally invasive option for treating specific localized prostate cancer. Although several recent good nonrandomized trials have suggested that focused therapy may be an alternative choice for some patients, additional high-quality evidence is needed before it can be made widely available as a conventional treatment. As a result, we have summarized the most recent findings from the 38th Annual European Association of Urology Congress, one of the most renowned annual conferences in the area of urology, regarding focal ablation therapy for patients with localized prostate cancer. Additionally, we also provided clinical trials in progress for researchers to better understand the current research status of this field.
文摘BACKGROUND Several reports show that two types of coronary vasospasm(diffuse and focal spasm)are associated with the severity or prognosis of coronary spasm in patients with vasospastic angina(VSA).It is unclear whether intracoronary pressure differs between the two spasm types.AIM To investigate such relationships using a pressure wire during the spasm provocation test(SPT)in patients with VSA.METHODS Eighty-seven patients with VSA(average age:67 years;50 men,37 women)underwent SPT.During the SPT,a pressure wire was advanced into the distal portion of the right coronary artery and left anterior descending coronary artery,and the ratio of the intracoronary pressure to the aortic pressure(Pd/Pa)was continuously monitored.An SPT was performed using acetylcholine(ACh),and the presence of coronary spasm was defined as the presence of>90%arterial narrowing in response to an ACh infusion,with the usual chest symptoms and/or ischemic ECG changes.Focal spasm was defined as total or subtotal spasm within one segment of the AHA classification,while diffuse spasm was defined as>90%spasm with two or more segments.RESULTS Among 87 patients,the frequencies of metabolic syndrome and having coronary atherosclerosis were higher in the focal group(n=33)than in the diffuse spasm group(n=54,P<0.05).In the vessel analyses,in these 134 spastic segments,diffuse and focal spasms were detected in 100 and 34 vessels,respectively.The Pd/Pa at baseline was similar in both groups(diffuse:0.96±0.05,focal:0.95±0.05,P=0.35);however,the Pd/Pa during coronary spasm was lower in focal spastic vessels(0.66±0.20)than in diffuse spastic vessels(0.76±0.11,P<0.01),and the reduction in Pd/Pa during an SPT was also lower in focal spastic vessels(-0.29±0.20)than in diffuse spastic vessels(-0.18±0.11,P<0.01).The presence of focal spasm was a significant factor responsible for reduction in Pd/Pa during SPT.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that focal spasm may be more severe than diffuse spasm,judging from the intracoronary pressure during coronary spasm.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)has become an established method in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in gastroenterology;however,it has recently gained a growing role in hepatology.AIM To evaluate the role of EUS features,strain elastography(SE),and EUS-tissue acquisition in diagnosing hepatic focal lesions(HFLs)that could affect further management.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 215 patients with pancreatic,biliary,or gastrointestinal malignancies referred for EUS examination.HFLs were identified in 43 patients(20%),and EUSguided tissue acquisition was performed from these lesions.RESULTS EUS features were highly sensitive(100%)but much less specific(57%)in diagnosing HFLs;the overall accuracy was 94%.Real-time elastography was also very sensitive(97%)but less specific(67%)in diagnosing HFLs;however,the overall accuracy was 92%.EUS tissue acquisition was extremely sensitive(100%)and specific(100%),with a 100%overall diagnostic accuracy.CONCLUSION The diagnostic utility of EUS-guided tissue acquisition was extremely accurate in diagnosing HFLs.EUS characteristics and real-time SE accurately predicted the histological diagnosis of both benign and malignant HFLs.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,China(No.20220101032JC)。
文摘In this work, by controlling the positional relationship between the target and the focal point, the surface damage, shock wave phenomenon and propagation mechanism involved in the plasma generation of fused silica by millisecond pulsed laser irradiation at different focal positions were studied. Laser energy is an important experimental variable. The dynamic process of plasma was detected by optical shadow method, and the influence of surface film damage on plasma propagation and the propagation mechanism at different focal positions were discussed. The study found that the plasma induced by the pulsed laser at the focus position within 0–20 μs exploded, the micro-droplets formed around 20 μs. At the same time, a shock wave is formed by the compressed air, the micro-droplets are compressed under the action of the shock wave recoil pressure, and the micro-droplets channel phenomenon is observed in the micro-droplets. The peak velocities of plasma and combustion wave appear earlier in the pre-focus position than in the post-focus position. This research provides a reference for the field of laser processing using fused silica as the substrate.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program),No.82205002Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province,No.2022YFS0621,No.21ZDYF0348,and No.2022NSFSC1459+1 种基金Luzhou-Southwest Medical University Science and Technology Strategic Cooperation Project,No.2021LZXNYD-P04Southwest Medical University of Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital Project,No.2022-CXTD-03.
文摘BACKGROUND Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)show podocyte-protective effects in chronic kidney disease.Calycosin(CA),a phytoestrogen,is isolated from Astragalus membranaceus with a kidney-tonifying effect.CA preconditioning enhances the protective effect of MSCs against renal fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral occlusion.However,the protective effect and underlying mechanism of CA-pretreated MSCs(MSCsCA)on podocytes in adriamycin(ADR)-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS)mice remain unclear.AIM To investigate whether CA enhances the role of MSCs in protecting against podocyte injury induced by ADR and the possible mechanism involved.METHODS ADR was used to induce FSGS in mice,and MSCs,CA,or MSCsCA were administered to mice.Their protective effect and possible mechanism of action on podocytes were observed by Western blot,immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence,and real-time polymerase chain reaction.In vitro,ADR was used to stimulate mouse podocytes(MPC5)to induce injury,and the supernatants from MSC-,CA-,or MSCsCA-treated cells were collected to observe their protective effects on podocytes.Subsequently,the apoptosis of podocytes was detected in vivo and in vitro by Western blot,TUNEL assay,and immunofluorescence.Overexpression of Smad3,which is involved in apoptosis,was then induced to evaluate whether the MSCsCA-mediated podocyte protective effect is associated with Smad3 inhibition in MPC5 cells.RESULTS CA-pretreated MSCs enhanced the protective effect of MSCs against podocyte injury and the ability to inhibit podocyte apoptosis in ADR-induced FSGS mice and MPC5 cells.Expression of p-Smad3 was upregulated in mice with ADR-induced FSGS and MPC5 cells,which was reversed by MSCCA treatment more significantly than by MSCs or CA alone.When Smad3 was overexpressed in MPC5 cells,MSCsCA could not fulfill their potential to inhibit podocyte apoptosis.CONCLUSION MSCsCA enhance the protection of MSCs against ADR-induced podocyte apoptosis.The underlying mechanism may be related to MSCsCA-targeted inhibition of p-Smad3 in podocytes.
文摘BACKGROUND Nesidioblastosis usually refers to a series of clinical manifestations caused by the proliferation ofβ-cells in pancreatic islets,and these clinical manifestations are hyperinsulinemia and persistent hypoglycemia.According to the size of the lesion,nesidioblastosis is divided into focal nesidioblastosis,diffuse nesidioblastosis and atypical nesidioblastosis,and its pathogenesis is still unclear.Nesidioblastosis is mainly seen in infants and rarely reported in adults,especially focal nesidioblastosis,which is difficult to distinguish from insulinoma.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of adult focalβ-cell nesidioblastosis in which the preoperative diagnosis was insulinoma.The patient was a 48-year-old male who suffered from repeated morning and fasting palpitations,sweating,and severe disturbance of consciousness for 5 years.His blood glucose was found to be as low as 1.79 mmol/L during an attack.However,abdominal computed tomography showed no abnormalities.Magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated a nodular mass in the head of the pancreas,combined with hyperinsulinemia and high serum C-peptide.The patient was diagnosed with insulinoma and underwent Beger surgery;however,the postoperative pathological results showed nesidioblastosis.CONCLUSION Although surgical resection is the preferred option for nesidioblastosis,some cases can be treated non-surgically.In order to increase clinicians’understanding of nesidioblastosis,it is necessary to review the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFA0710100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 92050102 and 11874311)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No. JCYJ20210324121610028)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. 20720220033 and 20720200074)。
文摘The energy crisis has aroused widespread concern, and the reform of energy structure is imminent. In the future,the energy structure will be dominated by the solar energy and other renewable energy sources. The solar concentrating technology as a promising method has been widely studied for collecting solar energy. However, the previous solar concentrating technologies suffer from some drawbacks, such as low focusing efficiency and large concentrating size. The Luneburg lens with highly efficient aberration-free focusing provides a new route for solar/energy concentrator. In this work, we designed a plane focal surface Luneburg lens(PFSLL) by transformation optics(TO). The PFSLL provides a relatively high focusing efficiency and concentration ratio of collection of energy. At the same time, it circumvents the disadvantage of curve surface of the classical Luneburg lens in device integration. Based on the reciprocity of electromagnetic waves, the PFSLL can also be applied to the antenna field to achieve broadband wide-angle scanning and highly directional radiation.
基金supported by the Special Found of the Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration (DQJB22B18)
文摘To reveal the seismogenic mechanism of the Luding earthquake, we employed the 118 China Seismic Network stations to collect the P-wave polarity data from each station, which was then used in the P-wave first motion approach to calculate the focal mechanism solution of the M6.8 Luding earthquake that occurred on September 5,2022. We have also studied the loading effect of tectonic stress on the Luding earthquake fault based on the stress field data for the research area. The results indicate that this earthquake was a strike-slip type, the nodal plane I:strike 167°, dip angle 78°, slip angle 2°;Nodal plane II: strike 77°, dip angle 88°, slip angle 168°. The two fault planes’ instability coefficients of the Luding earthquake are examined considering the region’s background stress field’s condition. The nodal plane I in the Moho circle is discovered to practically coincide with the Coulomb failure line and the tangent point of the Moho circle, indicating that this nodal plane has a high instability coefficient compared to the nodal plane II. The conclusion is that the nodal plane I has a higher likelihood of being the seismogenic fault plane, which is congruent with the seismogenic fault plane suggested by the aftershock distribution, the earthquake radiation energy distribution of a single station, and seismic intensity distribution.The Luding earthquake’s focal mechanism is highly like the theoretical focal mechanism of the fault situated at the location where the Coulomb failure line intersects the Mohr circle, demonstrating that background stress is what caused the earthquake. The substantial fault instability and similarity between the solved and theoretical focal mechanisms make it easier to comprehend the loading effect of tectonic stress on the Luding earthquake fault.
基金Supported by Nanjing Military Region Innovation Project,No.15MS108and the Youth Nursery Fund,No.18Y024.
文摘BACKGROUND We present a case of focal lymphoblastic transformation to erythroid leukemia following acute myeloblastic transformation in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML)and discuss its mechanism of occurrence and development.CASE SUMMARY The presence of the Philadelphia(Ph)chromosome was identified through karyotype analysis,while the BCR-ABL fusion gene was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of the peripheral blood sample.Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of the BCRABL gene in the lymphoma.Antigen expression and gene mutations in the primitive cells were detected by flow cytometry.The analysis confirmed the presence of CML along with focal lymphoblastic transformation to erythroid leukemia.Additionally,the patient was found to have secondary erythroid leukemia,along with multiple new gene mutations and abnormalities in complex karyotypes of chromosomes.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a possible molecular basis for the focal lymphoblastic transformation secondary to myeloblastic transformation in patients with CML.
文摘Introduction: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) corresponds to a clinicopathological syndrome, manifested by generally abundant proteinuria associated with hyaline deposits on part of certain glomeruli and sparing other glomeruli, with effacement of the pedicels. The general objective was to determine the prevalence of FSGS, and to give its profiles;epidemiological, clinical, biological, pathological, etiological, therapeutic and evolutionary of FSGS. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analytical study over a period of six years extending from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2015 patients aged 16 or over who were hospitalized or received consultations during the study period for primary or secondary segmental and focal hyalinosis. Patients whose records were incomplete or unusable were not included in the study. Results: We have 16.54% with 158 cases of FSGS out of 6945 patients received and/or hospitalized. Of the 955 kidney biopsies distributed, the incidences of HSF were;10.15%;14.04%;15%;17.64%;20.11%;19.58% respectively in 2010;2011;2012;2013;2014 and 2015, i.e. an annual increase of around 1.25%. Renal-type edemas were found in 93.3%, the first reason for hospitalization. And ninety-six people had impaired kidney function, or 61%. The average of 24-hour proteinuria was 6.4 ± 3.69 g/24 hours. The extremes were 0.37 and 18.50 g/24h. Patients had nephrotic proteinuria in 84.86%. Non-specific FSGS or NOS (Not Other Specificities) was found in 62 cases or 39.24%, collapsing FSGS in 48 cases or 30.40%. FSGS with found causes was associated with fibrosis in 5/35 cases. Collapsing FSGSs followed by NOS FSGSs were the most corticosteroid-resistant. The evolution of the FSGS reveals that every 8 months the proteinuria decreases by half. Conclusion: Segmental and focal hyalinosis requires histological confirmation and the epidemiological, clinico-biological, etiological, therapeutic and evolutionary profiles depend on the histological (pathological) type. Other works on the risk factors for occurrence and the contribution of electron microscopy in the primary and secondary diagnosis of segmental and focal hyalinosis are desired.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81860115,No.82060116 and No.81960118the Science and Technology Support Project of Guizhou Province,No.[2021]094.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic stellate cell(HSC)hyperactivation is a central link in liver fibrosis development.HSCs perform aerobic glycolysis to provide energy for their activation.Focal adhesion kinase(FAK)promotes aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells or fibroblasts,while FAK-related non-kinase(FRNK)inhibits FAK phosphorylation and biological functions.AIM To elucidate the effect of FRNK on liver fibrosis at the level of aerobic glycolytic metabolism in HSCs.METHODS Mouse liver fibrosis models were established by administering CCl4,and the effect of FRNK on the degree of liver fibrosis in the model was evaluated.Transforming growth factor-β1 was used to activate LX-2 cells.Tyrosine phosphorylation at position 397(pY397-FAK)was detected to identify activated FAK,and the expression of the glycolysis-related proteins monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT-1)and enolase1(ENO1)was assessed.Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict putative binding sites for c-myc in the ENO1 promoter region,which were validated with chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)and dual luciferase reporter assays.RESULTS The pY397-FAK level was increased in human fibrotic liver tissue.FRNK knockout promoted liver fibrosis in mouse models.It also increased the activation,migration,proliferation and aerobic glycolysis of primary hepatic stellate cells(pHSCs)but inhibited pHSC apoptosis.Nevertheless,opposite trends for these phenomena were observed after exogenous FRNK treatment in LX-2 cells.Mechanistically,the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ENO1 pathway promoted aerobic glycolysis,which was inhibited by exogenous FRNK.CONCLUSION FRNK inhibits aerobic glycolysis in HSCs by inhibiting the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ENO1 pathway,thereby improving liver fibrosis.FRNK might be a potential target for liver fibrosis treatment.
基金Supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF2016R1D1A1A02937018)the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the NRF, which is funded in part by the Korean government, the Ministry of Science, and ICT (MSIP) (NRF-2017M3A9E2056458)
文摘AIM: To investigate whether the response of a central hexagonal element corresponding to the macular area in conventional multifocal electroretinography(mfERG) tests was the same as that of experimental mfERG using single central hexagonal element stimulation. METHODS: Prospective, observational study. Thirty healthy subjects were included in this study. mfERG recordings were performed according to two protocols: stimulus with 37 hexagonal elements(protocol 1), and stimulus with a single central element created by deactivating the other 36 hexagonal elements(protocol 2). We compared differences between ring 1 parameters in each protocol. RESULTS: In protocol 1, the first positive component(P1) implicit time and P1 amplitude were 37.8±1.8 ms and 6.3±2.7 μV. After single element stimulation(protocol 2), double positive waves appeared. The implicit time and amplitude of P1 were 40.7±2.4 ms(P<0.001) and 9.1±3.3 μV(P=0.001), respectively. The implicit time and amplitude of the second positive component(P2) were 68.0±4.5 ms(P<0.001, compared with P1 in protocol 1) and 12.3±4.7 μV(P<0.001, compared with P1 in protocol 1), respectively. The amplitude of P2 in protocol 2 was about two times higher than that of P1 in protocol 1. CONCLUSION: mfERG responses of a central hexagonal element in a single element stimulation protocol are different from those of multiple element stimulation. The positive wave is more enhanced compared to that of the conventional protocol and it elongated into two wavelets.
