Maternal one-carbon metabolism plays an important role in early life programming.There is a well-established connection between the fetal environment and the health status of the offspring.Howeve r,there is a knowledg...Maternal one-carbon metabolism plays an important role in early life programming.There is a well-established connection between the fetal environment and the health status of the offspring.Howeve r,there is a knowledge gap on how maternal nutrition impacts stro ke outcomes in offspring.The aim of our study was to investigate the role of maternal dietary deficiencies in folic acid or choline on stroke outcomes in 3-month-old offspring.Adult female mice were fed a folic acid-deficient diet,choline-deficient diet,or control diet 4 weeks before pregnancy.They we re continued on diets during pregnancy and la ctation.Male and female offspring were weaned onto a control diet and at 2 months of age were subjected to ischemic stroke within the sensorimotor cortex via photothrombotic damage.Mothers maintained on either a folic acid-deficient diet or choline-deficient diet had reduced levels of S-adenosylm ethionine in the liver and S-adenosylhomocysteine in the plasma.After ischemic stro ke,motor function was impaired in 3-month-old offspring from mothers receiving either a folic acid-deficient diet or choline-deficient diet compared to the animals receiving a control diet.In brain tissue,there was no difference in ischemic damage volume.When protein levels were assessed in ischemic brain tissue,there were lower levels of active caspase-3 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in males compared to females and betaine levels were reduced in offspring from the mothers receiving a choline-deficient diet.Our results demonstrate that a deficient maternal diet at critical time points in neurodevelopment results in worse stro ke outcomes.This study emphasizes the importance of maternal diet and the impact it can have on offspring health.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of folic acid combined with decitabine on diabetic mice.METHODS:The diabetic model of db/db mice were randomly divided into model group,folic acid group,decitabine group,folic ac...AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of folic acid combined with decitabine on diabetic mice.METHODS:The diabetic model of db/db mice were randomly divided into model group,folic acid group,decitabine group,folic acid combined with decitabine group,and C57 mice as normal control group.The density of retinal blood vessels and retinal thickness were detected by fundus photography and optical coherence tomography,respectively.Pathological changes of retina were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The homocysteine(Hcy)in serum was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)was used to detect apoptosis in retinal tissue.Evans blue dye was used to detect the permeability of retinal blood vessels.The platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(CD31)and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)protein were detected by Western blot.The 3-nitrotyrosine(3-NT)and 4-hydroxynonanine(4-HNE)were detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:The density of retinal blood vessels,retinal thickness,retinal vascular permeability and the proportion of apoptotic cells of retinal tissue in the model group increased significantly than control group(P<0.05).The Hcy in serum and the levels of CD31,VEGFR,3-NT,and 4-HNE in retinal tissue increased significantly in the model group(P<0.01).Folic acid and decitabine both reversed these changes significantly,and the combination of the folic acid and decitabine worked best.CONCLUSION:The combination of folic acid and decitabine has a more significant protective effect on the retina in diabetic mice.展开更多
Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is the most effective and commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Several patients develop side effects, which may lead to...Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is the most effective and commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Several patients develop side effects, which may lead to low quality of life and non-compliance to MTX. To reduce MTX-induced side effects, folic acid supplementation is prescribed by most rheumatologists. Even after that, some patients have symptoms while receiving MTX. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of folinic acid in comparison to folic acid for reducing the side effects of MTX in JIA patients. Material and methods: In this prospective observational study, newly diagnosed cases of JIA who would be getting MTX were included by purposive sampling. Data were collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Among 40 patients, 20 received folinic acid (Group A), and 20 received folic acid (Group B). Disease activity levels were assessed by JADAS-27 (Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score). Contents from the MISS (MTX Intolerance severity score) questionnaire were used to assess the side effects. All patients were evaluated at baseline, 6th, and 12th weeks. Results: There were significant differences in the frequency of MTX-related adverse events between folinic acid (Group A) and folic acid (Group B). Group A patients only had nausea (10% and 15% in the 6th & 12th week respectively) and vomiting (5% at both follow-ups). On the other hand, in addition to nausea (70% and 95% in the 6th & 12th week) and vomiting (20% and 90% in the 6th & 12th week), folic acid group patients had restlessness, crying, and irritability. Self-discontinuation of MTX was present in the folic acid group (5% & 10% in the 6th & 12th week). Improvement of disease activity was more in the folinic acid group. Conclusion: The folinic acid group had significantly fewer side effects. Improvement of disease activity was more and compliance was also better among them. Methotrexate (MTX) is the most effective and commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A number of patients develop side effects, which may lead to low quality of life and non-compliance to MTX. To reduce MTX induced side effects, folic acid supplementation is prescribed by most rheumatologists. Even after that, some patients have symptoms while receiving MTX.展开更多
Background:Prenatal iron and folic acid supplementation is an economical strategy for reducing iron and folic acid deficiency anemia among expectant mothers in resource-limited countries like Uganda.This study aimed t...Background:Prenatal iron and folic acid supplementation is an economical strategy for reducing iron and folic acid deficiency anemia among expectant mothers in resource-limited countries like Uganda.This study aimed to assess the level of compliance with iron and folic acid supplementation(IFAS)and identify associated factors among mothers receiving prenatal services in Lira district,Uganda.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at the antenatal clinic of Lira Regional Referral Hospital,involving 252 pregnant mothers.Adherence levels to IFAS were evaluated using a visual analogue scale,and associated factors were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire.The data were analyzed using SPSS software,and the results were presented in tables.Results:Only 46%of the mothers attending the antenatal clinic adhered to IFAS during the 30 days preceding the study.Participants who had good knowledge of IFAS before recruitment(odds ratio(OR)1.49,95%confidence interval(CI)1.12–1.97),utilized reminder techniques(OR 1.05,95%CI 1.02–1.09),and received support from their partners or relatives(OR 1.56,95%CI 1.07–2.29)were more likely to have good adherence.The main reasons for missing IFAS were forgetfulness and fear of taking too many tablets.Conclusions:There was a low adherence rate to IFAS among mothers attending antenatal clinics in Lira district.Further investigations are recommended to identify barriers to adherence,and comprehensive health education programs should be provided to pregnant mothers.展开更多
Background: Insulin-like factor 2(IGF2) plays an important role in embryonic growth process by modulating intermediary metabolism and cell proliferation. Folic acid is involved in one carbon metabolism and contributes...Background: Insulin-like factor 2(IGF2) plays an important role in embryonic growth process by modulating intermediary metabolism and cell proliferation. Folic acid is involved in one carbon metabolism and contributes to DNA methylation which is related to gene expression. The purpose of this study was to explore whether folic acid could regulate IGF2 expression via epigenetic mechanism and further promote embryonic growth of new-hatched broilers.Methods: In the present study, 360 fertile eggs were selected and randomly assigned to four treatments. On11 embryonic day of incubation(E11), 0, 50, 100 and 150 μg folic acid were injected into eggs respectively.After hatched, growth performance of broilers were calculated. Hepatic IGF2 expression, methylation level and chromatin structure of promoter region were analyzed.Results: Results have showed that IGF2 expression was up-regulated in 150 μg folic acid group(P < 0.05) and other two dose of folic acid did not affect gene expression(P > 0.05). Meanwhile, methylation level of IGF2 promoter were lower in 100 and 150 μg groups, which was consistent with lower expression of DNA methyltransferase1(DNMT1)(P < 0.05). What's more, chromatin looseness of IGF2 promoter was higher in 150 μg group than control group(P < 0.05). Further, birth weight(BW), liver and bursa index of new-hatched chickens in 150 μg folic acid group were higher than the other groups(P < 0.05). There were positive correlations between hepatic IGF2 expression and BW and organs index(P < 0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, our data have demonstrated that 150 μg folic acid injection on E11 could up-regulate IGF2 expression by modulating DNA hypomethylation and improving chromatin accessibility in the gene promoter region,and ulteriorly facilitate embryonic growth and organ development of broilers.展开更多
We encapsulated vincristine into folic acid-conjugated PEGylated liposomes to improve the anti-tumor efficacy on multidrug resistant cancers.It was observed that the drug delivery system we constructed exhibited maxim...We encapsulated vincristine into folic acid-conjugated PEGylated liposomes to improve the anti-tumor efficacy on multidrug resistant cancers.It was observed that the drug delivery system we constructed exhibited maximum cytotoxicity on KBv200 cells(multidrug resistant variant)compared with any other formulations.The semi-quantitative analysis of region of interest revealed that there was a great increase in area under curve(AUC)of a near-infrared fluorescein in solid tumors due to folic acid-mediated accumulation.Folic acid-conjugated PEGylated liposomes showed a significant tumor growth inhibiting effect in vitro and in vivo.TUNEL assay revealed that folic acid-conjugated PEGylated liposomes could induce cell apoptosis much more greatly than others.This study demonstrated that it had potential application prospective for the treatment of multidrug resistant cancer.展开更多
Efficient and robust single-atom catalysts(SACs)based on cheap and earth-abundant elements are highly desirable for electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia(NRR)under ambient conditions.Herein,for the first ti...Efficient and robust single-atom catalysts(SACs)based on cheap and earth-abundant elements are highly desirable for electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia(NRR)under ambient conditions.Herein,for the first time,a Mn-N-C SAC consisting of isolated manganese atomic sites on ultrathin carbon nanosheets is developed via a template-free folic acid self-assembly strategy.The spontaneous molecular partial dissociation enables a facile fabrication process without being plagued by metal atom aggregation.Thanks to well-exposed atomic Mn active sites anchored on two-dimensional conductive carbon matrix,the catalyst exhibits excellent activity for NRR with high activity and selectivity,achieving a high Faradaic efficiency of 32.02%for ammonia synthesis at−0.45 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode.Density functional theory calculations unveil the crucial role of atomic Mn sites in promoting N_(2) adsorption,activation and selective reduction to NH_(3) by the distal mechanism.This work provides a simple synthesis process for Mn-N-C SAC and a good platform for understanding the structure-activity relationship of atomic Mn sites.展开更多
BACKGROUND Folic acid has been shown to improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),but its roles in hepatic lipid metabolism,hepatic one-carbon metabolism,and gut microbiota are still unknown.AIM To demonstrate the r...BACKGROUND Folic acid has been shown to improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),but its roles in hepatic lipid metabolism,hepatic one-carbon metabolism,and gut microbiota are still unknown.AIM To demonstrate the role of folic acid in lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in NASH.METHODS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into three groups:Chow diet,high-fat diet(HFD),and HFD with folic acid administration.At the end of 16 wk,the liver histology,the expression of hepatic genes related to lipid metabolism,one-carbon metabolism,and gut microbiota structure analysis of fecal samples based on 16 S r RNA sequencing were measured to evaluate the effect of folic acid.Palmitic acid-exposed Huh7 cell line was used to evaluate the role of folic acid in hepatic lipid metabolism.RESULTS Folic acid treatment attenuated steatosis,lobular inflammation,and hepatocellular ballooning in rats with HFD-induced steatohepatitis.Genes related to lipid de novo lipogenesis,β-oxidation,and lipid uptake were improvedin HFD-fed folic acid-treated rats.Furthermore,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARα)and silence information regulation factor 1(SIRT1)were restored by folic acid in HFD-fed rats and palmitic acid-exposed Huh7 cell line.The restoration of PPARαby folic acid was blocked after transfection with SIRT1 si RNA in the Huh7 cell line.Additionally,folic acid administration ameliorated depleted hepatic one-carbon metabolism and restored the diversity of the gut microbiota in rats with HFD-induced steatohepatitis.CONCLUSION Folic acid improves hepatic lipid metabolism by upregulating PPARαlevels via a SIRT1-dependent mechanism and restores hepatic one-carbon metabolism and diversity of gut microbiota,thereby attenuating HFD-induced NASH in rats.展开更多
Nowadays, modified electrodes with metal nanoparticles have appeared as an alternative for the electroanalysis of various compounds. In this study, gold nanoparticles(GNPs) were chosen as interesting metal nanoparticl...Nowadays, modified electrodes with metal nanoparticles have appeared as an alternative for the electroanalysis of various compounds. In this study, gold nanoparticles(GNPs) were chosen as interesting metal nanoparticles for modifying carbon paste electrode(CPE). GNPs and the gold nanoparticles-modified carbon paste electrode(GNPs/CPE) were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). GNPs/CPE as a simple and sensitive electrode was used to study three important biological molecules: folic acid(FA), uric acid(UA) and ascorbic acid(AA). Square wave voltammetry(SWV) was used as an accurate technique for quantitative measurements. A good linear relation was observed between anodic peak current(ipa) and FA(5.2 × 10^(-6)– 2.5 × 10^(-5)M), UA(1.2 × 10^(-6)– 2.1 × 10^(-5)M) and AA(1.2 × 10^(-6)– 2.5 × 10^(-5)M) concentrations in simultaneous determination of these molecules.展开更多
The kidneys are a vital organ that is vulnerable to both acute kidney injury(AKI)and chronic kidney disease(CKD)which can be caused by numerous risk factors such as ischemia,sepsis,drug toxicity and drug overdose,expo...The kidneys are a vital organ that is vulnerable to both acute kidney injury(AKI)and chronic kidney disease(CKD)which can be caused by numerous risk factors such as ischemia,sepsis,drug toxicity and drug overdose,exposure to heavy metals,and diabetes.In spite of the advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of AKI and CKD as well AKI transition to CKD,there is still no available therapeutics that can be used to combat kidney disease effectively,highlighting an urgent need to further study the pathological mechanisms underlying AKI,CKD,and AKI progression to CKD.In this regard,animal models of kidney disease are indispensable.This article reviews a widely used animal model of kidney disease,which is induced by folic acid(FA).While a low dose of FA is nutritionally beneficial,a high dose of FA is very toxic to the kidneys.Following a brief description of the procedure for disease induction by FA,major mechanisms of FA-induced kidney injury are then reviewed,including oxidative stress,mitochondrial abnormalities such as impaired bioenergetics and mitophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23).Finally,application of this FA-induced kidney disease model as a platform for testing the efficacy of a variety of therapeutic approaches is also discussed.Given that this animal model is simple to create and is reproducible,it should remain useful for both studying the pathological mechanisms of kidney disease and identifying therapeutic targets to fight kidney disease.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Methylfolate is the act...<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Methylfolate is the active metabolite of folate that is importa</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nt for DNA repair, synthetized under the effect of MTHFR (methyl-tetrahydro-folatereductase) enzyme. Patients with MTHFR gene mutation have low levels of biologically active methyfolate. Those patients have high homocysteine levels causing vasculopathy and inadequate feto-maternal circulation. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim of the Work:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To predict the potential benefit of use of methylfolate instead of use of the regular folic acid in patients with MTHFR gene mutation with history of RPL</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(recurrent pregnancy loss). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Subjects and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Study was performed on 100 women. All women had experienced at least two consecutive miscarriages first trimester abortion. All patients were positive of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">having MTHFR gene mutation. Patients were divided into two groups in terms of 1st trimester drug intake. The 1st group recieved a regular folic acid supplement in a dose of 5</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg per day starting from the day of positive preg</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nancy test till the end of the first trimester.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The 2nd group recieved L-methylfolate supplement in a dose of 1000 mcg per day starting from the day of positive pregnancy test till the end of the first trimester. Then both groups were compared in terms of abortion rates, pregnancy continuation rates and the development of other major obstetric complications. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Patients in 1st group had no associated pregnancy related complications in 56%, PE in 14%, PROM in 18% and PTL in 12% of cases. On the other hand, patients in 2</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nd</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> group had no associated pregnancy related complications in 78%, PE in 6%, PROM in 8% and PTL in 8% of cases</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">54% of patients on folate group ended in abortion, while only</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16% of patients on methylfolate group had abortion. 24% of patients on folate group had PTL, compared to 8% of patient who had had PTL in methylfolate group. 22% of patients in the 1st group continued pregnancy to full term, while 60% of 2nd group continued pregnancy to full term. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion and Recommendations: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The use of methyl-folate supplement during the first trimester of in patients with history of RPL and positive MTHFR gene mutation should be a routine practice instead of the regular folate supplement as it improves pregnancy continuation rates and decreases occurrence of associated pregnancy co-morbidities as preterm labor and preeclampsia.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
Objective To determine the prevalence and determinants of folic acid(FA)supplementation in Chinese couples planning for pregnancy and in women during early pregnancy.Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on t...Objective To determine the prevalence and determinants of folic acid(FA)supplementation in Chinese couples planning for pregnancy and in women during early pregnancy.Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on the Shanghai PreConception Cohort(SPCC)study.Data on FA supplementation and socio-demographic features were collected using questionnaires.Couples visiting clinics for pre-pregnancy examination and pregnant women at<14 gestational weeks were recruited in Shanghai,China,between March 2016 and September 2018.Results Among the pregnancy planners,42.4%(4,710/11,099)women and 17.1%(1,377/8,045)men used FA supplements,while 93.4%(14,585/15,615)of the pregnant women used FA supplements.FA supplement use was higher in female pregnancy planners who were older(RR:1.13,95%CI:1.08–1.18),had higher education(RR:1.71,95%CI:1.53–1.92),and were residing in urban districts(RR:1.06,95%CI:1.01–1.11)of FA supplementation;female pregnancy planners with alcohol consumption(RR:0.95,95%CI:0.90–0.99)had lower odds of FA supplementation.In early pregnancy,women with higher educational level(RR:1.04,95%CI:1.03–1.06),who underwent pre-pregnancy examination(RR:1.02,95%CI:1.01–1.03)had higher odds of using an FA supplement;older aged(RR:0.99,95%CI:0.98–0.99),and multigravida(RR:0.97,95%CI:0.96–0.98)had lower odds of FA supplementation.Conclusion Although the majority of pregnant women took FA supplements,more than half of the women planning for pregnancy did not.Urgent strategies are needed to improve pre-conception FA supplementation.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of folic acid on testicular oxidative damage in sodium fluoride-induced male Wistar rats.Methods:A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups:the control,sodium fluori...Objective:To investigate the effects of folic acid on testicular oxidative damage in sodium fluoride-induced male Wistar rats.Methods:A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups:the control,sodium fluoride(fed with 100 mg/L sodium fluoride through drinking water orally for 21 days),folic acid(36μg/kg body weight/day,orally),and sodium fluoride plus folic acid(received similar dose orally)groups.At the end of 21 days,epididymal sperm parameters,biochemical analysis of testicular tissue,and serum hormonal levels were performed along with histopathological studies.Results:Sodium fluoride intoxication resulted in marked reduction in gonado somatic index,serum luteinizing hormone,and testosterone level along with 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities.In addition,reduction in sperm density,as well as loss of sperm motility and sperm viability,were also observed.Besides,increased levels of testicular malondialdehyde,nitrite,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α as well as decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and reduced glutathione content were found to be associated with this toxicity.Folic acid co-treatment,on the other hand,could prevent all the sodium fluoride-induced testicular pathophysiology and oxidative stress related parameters.Histological examinations of testicular sections from the experimental rats supported these results.Conclusions:Combining all,this study suggests that being an antioxidant,folic acid plays a beneficial role against fluoride-induced adverse effects on the male reproductive system.展开更多
Objective The study aimed to explore the association between folic acid supplementation,maternal nutritional levels during pregnancy and intelligence development of infants.Method This was a prospective cohort study,m...Objective The study aimed to explore the association between folic acid supplementation,maternal nutritional levels during pregnancy and intelligence development of infants.Method This was a prospective cohort study,mothers and their offspring in Jurong Maternal and Child Health Hospital were followed up through pregnancy up to 1 year.The basic information of pregnant women was obtained through questionnaire survey,including pregnancy lifestyle,marital status,vitamin and mineral supplements during pregnancy.Blood samples of pregnant women were collected on admission,serum folate,vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations were determined.Maternal postpartum colostrum was collected and the concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 in colostrum were determined.Pregnant women(n=478)and their corresponding infants were followed up and the Developmental Screen Test scores were recorded at 1,3,6,8 and 12 months of age.Results Compared with the normal group,infants in the low serum folate group had a score of 0.12 points lower in the intellectual energy zone(95%CI:-0.23–-0.01,P=0.04),and infants with the high homocysteine level scored 1.30 points lower than the lower-level group(95%CI:-2.52–-0.08,P=0.04).In the colostrum low-vitamin B12 level group,infants scored 0.10 points lower(95%CI:-1.84–-0.02,P=0.02)in the social adaptation zone compared to the normal group.Conclusion In conclusion,folic acid supplementation in the pre-pregnancy supplementation group and the post-pregnancy supplementation group may be not associated with infant mental development.In addition,maternal folate and homocysteine may be related to the intellectual development of infants.The level of vitamin B_(12)in colostrum may be associated with infants’social adaptive capacity.This result may be caused by individual differences in folate and homocysteine metabolism in pregnant women.展开更多
Objective:To prepare a encapsulated liquid fluorocarbon,multimodal nanoscale ultrasonic molecular probes capable of carrying Cisplatin(CDDP)、Fe3O4 and folic acid molecular targeting,study on its basic characteristics...Objective:To prepare a encapsulated liquid fluorocarbon,multimodal nanoscale ultrasonic molecular probes capable of carrying Cisplatin(CDDP)、Fe3O4 and folic acid molecular targeting,study on its basic characteristics and in vitro targeting ability.Methods:The PLGA-Fa、Fe3O4、CDDP and PFP were dissolved in organic solvents in a certain proportion after the folic acid(Fa)molecule which in the surFace of PLGA was attached to polyethylene glycol imide,prepare nanoscale targeted multimodal ultrasound contrast agent PLGA-Fa/Fe3O4/CDDP/PFP,containing Fe3O4、CDDP、PFP by double creaming methods,the basic properties of it,encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of nanometer particle were observed and measured to optimize the optimal dosage of CDDP;the PFFCP and PFCP were acted on in vitro human nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)cell line HNE-1(high expression of Fa receptor),observe and compare its targeting.Results:Nanoscale targeted multimodal ultrasound contrast agentPLGA-Fa/Fe3O4/CDDP/PFP containing Fe3O4、CDDP、PFP was successfully prepared,the size of the nanometer particle is uniform,the shape is round,the dispersion is good,the diameter distribution is 204nm,and the average electric potential is-15Mv.The nanometer particle could bind to human NPC cell line HNE-1 cells with high expression of Fa receptor,but the nontarget nanometer particle binding of human NPC cell line HNE-1 cells are not obvious.Conclusion:In this study,nanoscale targeted multimodal ultrasound contrast agent PLGA-Fa/Fe3O4/CDDP/PFP containingFe3O4、CDDP、PFP was successfully prepared,and the optimal dose of CDDP was optimized.The nanoparticle have obvious targeting to human NPC cell line HNE-1 cells.展开更多
The Egyptian government introduced wheat-flour fortification with iron and folic acid to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects, but suspended it for technical reasons. We previously developed novel legume foods ...The Egyptian government introduced wheat-flour fortification with iron and folic acid to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects, but suspended it for technical reasons. We previously developed novel legume foods with enhanced folate content. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of 12-week intervention with folate-enhanced foods versus folic acid supplement in improving folate status in Egyptian women. A randomized, parallel intervention trial with two active groups (n = 19, n = 18) and one blinded control group (n = 20) was executed over 12 weeks. Volunteers received either germinated legume foods and orange juice (≈250 μg/d folate) or folic acid supplement (500 μg/d) or apple juice (0 μg/d folate). Folate status was assessed by erythrocyte and plasma folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) at day 0, and after 8 and 12 weeks of intervention. After 12 weeks, mean plasma folate increased by 14 (P < 0.0001) and 12 (P < 0.0001) nmoL in the folic acid and food group, respectively. Erythrocyte folate concentration increased in the folic acid group from 614 to 912 (P < 0.0001) and in the food group from 631 to 914 nmoL (P < 0.0001). After 12 weeks, 90% of subjects in the folic acid group and 70% in the food group had erythrocyte folate concentrations exceeding 906 nmol/L. tHcy concentration was decreased by 20% (P = 0.007) and 18% (P = 0.006) in the folic acid and food group, respectively, but remained unchanged in the control group during intervention. Folate-enhanced foods effectively improve folate status in women of reproductive age. These foods could be used as a complement to folic acid fortification.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> <strong>Background:</strong><span "=""> Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy disorder screened for between the 24...<div style="text-align:justify;"> <strong>Background:</strong><span "=""> Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy disorder screened for between the 24<sup>th</sup> and 28<sup>th</sup> weeks of gestation using oral glucose tolerance test. GDM has maternal and fetal health implications. <b>Objective: </b>To assess the relation between folic acid supplementation in pregnant women and the risk of developing GDM.</span><span "=""> </span><b>Search Strategy: </b><span "="">The search employed topic-based strategies designed for each database in June 2020. Databases searched were Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Lebanese American University online database.</span><span "=""> </span><b>Selection Criteria: </b>Studies eligible were those targeting the association of GDM development and folic acid supplementation, including pregnant women who have developed GDM and pregnant women who were on folic acid supplementation and developed<span "=""> </span><span "="">GDM. Both interventional and observational studies were included. <b>Data Collection and Analysis: </b>Two reviewers extracted the data independently. A third reviewer checked the data for consistency and clarity. Data extracted included the sample characteristics, sample size and outcomes. Cohen</span>’<span "="">s κ was used to assess agreement between reviewers. All tools and processes were piloted prior to use. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data was presented in a tabulated form. <b>Main Results:</b> Six studies showed a proportional relation between folic acid intake and GDM, two reported a protective effect, and one cohort found no association. <b>Conclusion: </b>The inconsistent results made the formulation of a definitive conclusion difficult. Hence, larger studies are needed.</span> </div>展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effects of folic acid on epithelial apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and p53 in the tissues of premalignant gastric lesions.METHODS: Thirty-eight patients, with premalignant gastric lesions inclu...AIM: To evaluate the effects of folic acid on epithelial apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and p53 in the tissues of premalignant gastric lesions.METHODS: Thirty-eight patients, with premalignant gastric lesions including 18 colonic-type intestinal metaplasia(IM)and 20 mild or moderate dysplasia, were randomly divided into a treatment group (n = 19) receiving folic acid 10 mg thrice daily and a control group (n = 19) receiving sucralfate 1 000 mg thrice daily for 3 mo. All patients undervvent endoscopies and four biopsies were taken prior to treatment and repeated after concluding therapy.Folate concentrations in gastric mucosa were measured with chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Epithelial apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2 and p53 protein in gastric mucosa were detected with flow cytometric assay.RESULTS: The mean of folate concentration in gastric mucosa was 9.03±3.37 μg/g wet wt in the folic acid treatment group, which was significantly higher than 6.83±3.02 μg/g wet wt in the control group. Both the epithelial apoptosis rate and the tumor suppressor p53expression in gastric mucosa significantly increased after folic acid treatment. In contrast, the expression of Bcl-2oncogene protein decreased after folic acid therapy.CONCLUSION: These data indicate that folic acid may play an important role in the chemoprevention of gastric carcinogenesis by enhancing gastric epithelial apoptosis in the patients with premalignant lesions.展开更多
AIM: To determine whether folic acid supplementation will reduce the recurrence of colorectal adenomas, the precursors of colorectal cancer, we performed a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in patients with adenom...AIM: To determine whether folic acid supplementation will reduce the recurrence of colorectal adenomas, the precursors of colorectal cancer, we performed a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in patients with adenomatous polyps. METHODS: In the current double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at this VA Medical Center, patients with colorectal adenomas were randomly assigned to receive either a daily 5 mg dose of folic acid or a matched identical placebo for 3 years. All polyps were removed at baseline colonoscopy and each patient had a follow up colonoscopy at 3 years. The primary endpoint was a reduction in the number of recurrent adenomas at 3 years. RESULTS: Of 137 subjects, who were eligible after confirmation of polyp histology and run-in period to conform compliance, 94 completed the study; 49 in folic acid group and 45 in placebo group. Recurrence of adenomas at 3-year was compared between the two groups. The mean number of recurrent polyps at 3-year was 0.36 (SD, 0.69) for folic acid treated patients compared to 0.82 (SD, 1.17) for placebo treated subjects, resulting in a 3-fold increase in polyp recurrence in the placebo group. Patients below 70 years of age and those with left-sided colonicadenomas or advanced adenomas responded better to folic acid supplementation. CONCLUSION: High dose folic acid supplementation is associated with a signif icant reduction in the recurrence of colonic adenomas suggesting that folic acid may be an effective chemopreventive agent for colorectal neoplasia.展开更多
文摘Maternal one-carbon metabolism plays an important role in early life programming.There is a well-established connection between the fetal environment and the health status of the offspring.Howeve r,there is a knowledge gap on how maternal nutrition impacts stro ke outcomes in offspring.The aim of our study was to investigate the role of maternal dietary deficiencies in folic acid or choline on stroke outcomes in 3-month-old offspring.Adult female mice were fed a folic acid-deficient diet,choline-deficient diet,or control diet 4 weeks before pregnancy.They we re continued on diets during pregnancy and la ctation.Male and female offspring were weaned onto a control diet and at 2 months of age were subjected to ischemic stroke within the sensorimotor cortex via photothrombotic damage.Mothers maintained on either a folic acid-deficient diet or choline-deficient diet had reduced levels of S-adenosylm ethionine in the liver and S-adenosylhomocysteine in the plasma.After ischemic stro ke,motor function was impaired in 3-month-old offspring from mothers receiving either a folic acid-deficient diet or choline-deficient diet compared to the animals receiving a control diet.In brain tissue,there was no difference in ischemic damage volume.When protein levels were assessed in ischemic brain tissue,there were lower levels of active caspase-3 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in males compared to females and betaine levels were reduced in offspring from the mothers receiving a choline-deficient diet.Our results demonstrate that a deficient maternal diet at critical time points in neurodevelopment results in worse stro ke outcomes.This study emphasizes the importance of maternal diet and the impact it can have on offspring health.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.21JR7RA361).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of folic acid combined with decitabine on diabetic mice.METHODS:The diabetic model of db/db mice were randomly divided into model group,folic acid group,decitabine group,folic acid combined with decitabine group,and C57 mice as normal control group.The density of retinal blood vessels and retinal thickness were detected by fundus photography and optical coherence tomography,respectively.Pathological changes of retina were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The homocysteine(Hcy)in serum was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)was used to detect apoptosis in retinal tissue.Evans blue dye was used to detect the permeability of retinal blood vessels.The platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(CD31)and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)protein were detected by Western blot.The 3-nitrotyrosine(3-NT)and 4-hydroxynonanine(4-HNE)were detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:The density of retinal blood vessels,retinal thickness,retinal vascular permeability and the proportion of apoptotic cells of retinal tissue in the model group increased significantly than control group(P<0.05).The Hcy in serum and the levels of CD31,VEGFR,3-NT,and 4-HNE in retinal tissue increased significantly in the model group(P<0.01).Folic acid and decitabine both reversed these changes significantly,and the combination of the folic acid and decitabine worked best.CONCLUSION:The combination of folic acid and decitabine has a more significant protective effect on the retina in diabetic mice.
文摘Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is the most effective and commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Several patients develop side effects, which may lead to low quality of life and non-compliance to MTX. To reduce MTX-induced side effects, folic acid supplementation is prescribed by most rheumatologists. Even after that, some patients have symptoms while receiving MTX. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of folinic acid in comparison to folic acid for reducing the side effects of MTX in JIA patients. Material and methods: In this prospective observational study, newly diagnosed cases of JIA who would be getting MTX were included by purposive sampling. Data were collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Among 40 patients, 20 received folinic acid (Group A), and 20 received folic acid (Group B). Disease activity levels were assessed by JADAS-27 (Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score). Contents from the MISS (MTX Intolerance severity score) questionnaire were used to assess the side effects. All patients were evaluated at baseline, 6th, and 12th weeks. Results: There were significant differences in the frequency of MTX-related adverse events between folinic acid (Group A) and folic acid (Group B). Group A patients only had nausea (10% and 15% in the 6th & 12th week respectively) and vomiting (5% at both follow-ups). On the other hand, in addition to nausea (70% and 95% in the 6th & 12th week) and vomiting (20% and 90% in the 6th & 12th week), folic acid group patients had restlessness, crying, and irritability. Self-discontinuation of MTX was present in the folic acid group (5% & 10% in the 6th & 12th week). Improvement of disease activity was more in the folinic acid group. Conclusion: The folinic acid group had significantly fewer side effects. Improvement of disease activity was more and compliance was also better among them. Methotrexate (MTX) is the most effective and commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A number of patients develop side effects, which may lead to low quality of life and non-compliance to MTX. To reduce MTX induced side effects, folic acid supplementation is prescribed by most rheumatologists. Even after that, some patients have symptoms while receiving MTX.
文摘Background:Prenatal iron and folic acid supplementation is an economical strategy for reducing iron and folic acid deficiency anemia among expectant mothers in resource-limited countries like Uganda.This study aimed to assess the level of compliance with iron and folic acid supplementation(IFAS)and identify associated factors among mothers receiving prenatal services in Lira district,Uganda.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at the antenatal clinic of Lira Regional Referral Hospital,involving 252 pregnant mothers.Adherence levels to IFAS were evaluated using a visual analogue scale,and associated factors were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire.The data were analyzed using SPSS software,and the results were presented in tables.Results:Only 46%of the mothers attending the antenatal clinic adhered to IFAS during the 30 days preceding the study.Participants who had good knowledge of IFAS before recruitment(odds ratio(OR)1.49,95%confidence interval(CI)1.12–1.97),utilized reminder techniques(OR 1.05,95%CI 1.02–1.09),and received support from their partners or relatives(OR 1.56,95%CI 1.07–2.29)were more likely to have good adherence.The main reasons for missing IFAS were forgetfulness and fear of taking too many tablets.Conclusions:There was a low adherence rate to IFAS among mothers attending antenatal clinics in Lira district.Further investigations are recommended to identify barriers to adherence,and comprehensive health education programs should be provided to pregnant mothers.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31272464)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents (NCET-12-0476)the Program for Shaanxi Science & Technology (2014 K01-18-02, 2015NY149, 2015KTCQ02-19)
文摘Background: Insulin-like factor 2(IGF2) plays an important role in embryonic growth process by modulating intermediary metabolism and cell proliferation. Folic acid is involved in one carbon metabolism and contributes to DNA methylation which is related to gene expression. The purpose of this study was to explore whether folic acid could regulate IGF2 expression via epigenetic mechanism and further promote embryonic growth of new-hatched broilers.Methods: In the present study, 360 fertile eggs were selected and randomly assigned to four treatments. On11 embryonic day of incubation(E11), 0, 50, 100 and 150 μg folic acid were injected into eggs respectively.After hatched, growth performance of broilers were calculated. Hepatic IGF2 expression, methylation level and chromatin structure of promoter region were analyzed.Results: Results have showed that IGF2 expression was up-regulated in 150 μg folic acid group(P < 0.05) and other two dose of folic acid did not affect gene expression(P > 0.05). Meanwhile, methylation level of IGF2 promoter were lower in 100 and 150 μg groups, which was consistent with lower expression of DNA methyltransferase1(DNMT1)(P < 0.05). What's more, chromatin looseness of IGF2 promoter was higher in 150 μg group than control group(P < 0.05). Further, birth weight(BW), liver and bursa index of new-hatched chickens in 150 μg folic acid group were higher than the other groups(P < 0.05). There were positive correlations between hepatic IGF2 expression and BW and organs index(P < 0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, our data have demonstrated that 150 μg folic acid injection on E11 could up-regulate IGF2 expression by modulating DNA hypomethylation and improving chromatin accessibility in the gene promoter region,and ulteriorly facilitate embryonic growth and organ development of broilers.
基金This work was supported by National Science and Technology Major Project(2012ZX09304004)National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2010CB934000)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81072593,81102402)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20110071130011).
文摘We encapsulated vincristine into folic acid-conjugated PEGylated liposomes to improve the anti-tumor efficacy on multidrug resistant cancers.It was observed that the drug delivery system we constructed exhibited maximum cytotoxicity on KBv200 cells(multidrug resistant variant)compared with any other formulations.The semi-quantitative analysis of region of interest revealed that there was a great increase in area under curve(AUC)of a near-infrared fluorescein in solid tumors due to folic acid-mediated accumulation.Folic acid-conjugated PEGylated liposomes showed a significant tumor growth inhibiting effect in vitro and in vivo.TUNEL assay revealed that folic acid-conjugated PEGylated liposomes could induce cell apoptosis much more greatly than others.This study demonstrated that it had potential application prospective for the treatment of multidrug resistant cancer.
基金The authors thank the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902204,52001214,21975163)Bureau of Industry and Information Technology of Shenzhen(No.201901171518)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20190929173914967).
文摘Efficient and robust single-atom catalysts(SACs)based on cheap and earth-abundant elements are highly desirable for electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia(NRR)under ambient conditions.Herein,for the first time,a Mn-N-C SAC consisting of isolated manganese atomic sites on ultrathin carbon nanosheets is developed via a template-free folic acid self-assembly strategy.The spontaneous molecular partial dissociation enables a facile fabrication process without being plagued by metal atom aggregation.Thanks to well-exposed atomic Mn active sites anchored on two-dimensional conductive carbon matrix,the catalyst exhibits excellent activity for NRR with high activity and selectivity,achieving a high Faradaic efficiency of 32.02%for ammonia synthesis at−0.45 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode.Density functional theory calculations unveil the crucial role of atomic Mn sites in promoting N_(2) adsorption,activation and selective reduction to NH_(3) by the distal mechanism.This work provides a simple synthesis process for Mn-N-C SAC and a good platform for understanding the structure-activity relationship of atomic Mn sites.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFC0908903National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81873565,No.81470840,and No.81700503.
文摘BACKGROUND Folic acid has been shown to improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),but its roles in hepatic lipid metabolism,hepatic one-carbon metabolism,and gut microbiota are still unknown.AIM To demonstrate the role of folic acid in lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in NASH.METHODS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into three groups:Chow diet,high-fat diet(HFD),and HFD with folic acid administration.At the end of 16 wk,the liver histology,the expression of hepatic genes related to lipid metabolism,one-carbon metabolism,and gut microbiota structure analysis of fecal samples based on 16 S r RNA sequencing were measured to evaluate the effect of folic acid.Palmitic acid-exposed Huh7 cell line was used to evaluate the role of folic acid in hepatic lipid metabolism.RESULTS Folic acid treatment attenuated steatosis,lobular inflammation,and hepatocellular ballooning in rats with HFD-induced steatohepatitis.Genes related to lipid de novo lipogenesis,β-oxidation,and lipid uptake were improvedin HFD-fed folic acid-treated rats.Furthermore,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARα)and silence information regulation factor 1(SIRT1)were restored by folic acid in HFD-fed rats and palmitic acid-exposed Huh7 cell line.The restoration of PPARαby folic acid was blocked after transfection with SIRT1 si RNA in the Huh7 cell line.Additionally,folic acid administration ameliorated depleted hepatic one-carbon metabolism and restored the diversity of the gut microbiota in rats with HFD-induced steatohepatitis.CONCLUSION Folic acid improves hepatic lipid metabolism by upregulating PPARαlevels via a SIRT1-dependent mechanism and restores hepatic one-carbon metabolism and diversity of gut microbiota,thereby attenuating HFD-induced NASH in rats.
基金the Post-graduate Office of Guilan University(A-384579)for supporting
文摘Nowadays, modified electrodes with metal nanoparticles have appeared as an alternative for the electroanalysis of various compounds. In this study, gold nanoparticles(GNPs) were chosen as interesting metal nanoparticles for modifying carbon paste electrode(CPE). GNPs and the gold nanoparticles-modified carbon paste electrode(GNPs/CPE) were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). GNPs/CPE as a simple and sensitive electrode was used to study three important biological molecules: folic acid(FA), uric acid(UA) and ascorbic acid(AA). Square wave voltammetry(SWV) was used as an accurate technique for quantitative measurements. A good linear relation was observed between anodic peak current(ipa) and FA(5.2 × 10^(-6)– 2.5 × 10^(-5)M), UA(1.2 × 10^(-6)– 2.1 × 10^(-5)M) and AA(1.2 × 10^(-6)– 2.5 × 10^(-5)M) concentrations in simultaneous determination of these molecules.
文摘The kidneys are a vital organ that is vulnerable to both acute kidney injury(AKI)and chronic kidney disease(CKD)which can be caused by numerous risk factors such as ischemia,sepsis,drug toxicity and drug overdose,exposure to heavy metals,and diabetes.In spite of the advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of AKI and CKD as well AKI transition to CKD,there is still no available therapeutics that can be used to combat kidney disease effectively,highlighting an urgent need to further study the pathological mechanisms underlying AKI,CKD,and AKI progression to CKD.In this regard,animal models of kidney disease are indispensable.This article reviews a widely used animal model of kidney disease,which is induced by folic acid(FA).While a low dose of FA is nutritionally beneficial,a high dose of FA is very toxic to the kidneys.Following a brief description of the procedure for disease induction by FA,major mechanisms of FA-induced kidney injury are then reviewed,including oxidative stress,mitochondrial abnormalities such as impaired bioenergetics and mitophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23).Finally,application of this FA-induced kidney disease model as a platform for testing the efficacy of a variety of therapeutic approaches is also discussed.Given that this animal model is simple to create and is reproducible,it should remain useful for both studying the pathological mechanisms of kidney disease and identifying therapeutic targets to fight kidney disease.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Methylfolate is the active metabolite of folate that is importa</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nt for DNA repair, synthetized under the effect of MTHFR (methyl-tetrahydro-folatereductase) enzyme. Patients with MTHFR gene mutation have low levels of biologically active methyfolate. Those patients have high homocysteine levels causing vasculopathy and inadequate feto-maternal circulation. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim of the Work:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To predict the potential benefit of use of methylfolate instead of use of the regular folic acid in patients with MTHFR gene mutation with history of RPL</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(recurrent pregnancy loss). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Subjects and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Study was performed on 100 women. All women had experienced at least two consecutive miscarriages first trimester abortion. All patients were positive of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">having MTHFR gene mutation. Patients were divided into two groups in terms of 1st trimester drug intake. The 1st group recieved a regular folic acid supplement in a dose of 5</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg per day starting from the day of positive preg</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nancy test till the end of the first trimester.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The 2nd group recieved L-methylfolate supplement in a dose of 1000 mcg per day starting from the day of positive pregnancy test till the end of the first trimester. Then both groups were compared in terms of abortion rates, pregnancy continuation rates and the development of other major obstetric complications. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Patients in 1st group had no associated pregnancy related complications in 56%, PE in 14%, PROM in 18% and PTL in 12% of cases. On the other hand, patients in 2</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nd</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> group had no associated pregnancy related complications in 78%, PE in 6%, PROM in 8% and PTL in 8% of cases</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">54% of patients on folate group ended in abortion, while only</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16% of patients on methylfolate group had abortion. 24% of patients on folate group had PTL, compared to 8% of patient who had had PTL in methylfolate group. 22% of patients in the 1st group continued pregnancy to full term, while 60% of 2nd group continued pregnancy to full term. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion and Recommendations: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The use of methyl-folate supplement during the first trimester of in patients with history of RPL and positive MTHFR gene mutation should be a routine practice instead of the regular folate supplement as it improves pregnancy continuation rates and decreases occurrence of associated pregnancy co-morbidities as preterm labor and preeclampsia.</span></span></span></span>
基金Supported by a grant from the National Key Research and Development Program[2016YFC1000506]the Shanghai Public Health Three-year Action Plan[2015-82]+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation[81370198,81570283]CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences[2019-I2M-5-001].
文摘Objective To determine the prevalence and determinants of folic acid(FA)supplementation in Chinese couples planning for pregnancy and in women during early pregnancy.Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on the Shanghai PreConception Cohort(SPCC)study.Data on FA supplementation and socio-demographic features were collected using questionnaires.Couples visiting clinics for pre-pregnancy examination and pregnant women at<14 gestational weeks were recruited in Shanghai,China,between March 2016 and September 2018.Results Among the pregnancy planners,42.4%(4,710/11,099)women and 17.1%(1,377/8,045)men used FA supplements,while 93.4%(14,585/15,615)of the pregnant women used FA supplements.FA supplement use was higher in female pregnancy planners who were older(RR:1.13,95%CI:1.08–1.18),had higher education(RR:1.71,95%CI:1.53–1.92),and were residing in urban districts(RR:1.06,95%CI:1.01–1.11)of FA supplementation;female pregnancy planners with alcohol consumption(RR:0.95,95%CI:0.90–0.99)had lower odds of FA supplementation.In early pregnancy,women with higher educational level(RR:1.04,95%CI:1.03–1.06),who underwent pre-pregnancy examination(RR:1.02,95%CI:1.01–1.03)had higher odds of using an FA supplement;older aged(RR:0.99,95%CI:0.98–0.99),and multigravida(RR:0.97,95%CI:0.96–0.98)had lower odds of FA supplementation.Conclusion Although the majority of pregnant women took FA supplements,more than half of the women planning for pregnancy did not.Urgent strategies are needed to improve pre-conception FA supplementation.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of folic acid on testicular oxidative damage in sodium fluoride-induced male Wistar rats.Methods:A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups:the control,sodium fluoride(fed with 100 mg/L sodium fluoride through drinking water orally for 21 days),folic acid(36μg/kg body weight/day,orally),and sodium fluoride plus folic acid(received similar dose orally)groups.At the end of 21 days,epididymal sperm parameters,biochemical analysis of testicular tissue,and serum hormonal levels were performed along with histopathological studies.Results:Sodium fluoride intoxication resulted in marked reduction in gonado somatic index,serum luteinizing hormone,and testosterone level along with 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities.In addition,reduction in sperm density,as well as loss of sperm motility and sperm viability,were also observed.Besides,increased levels of testicular malondialdehyde,nitrite,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α as well as decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and reduced glutathione content were found to be associated with this toxicity.Folic acid co-treatment,on the other hand,could prevent all the sodium fluoride-induced testicular pathophysiology and oxidative stress related parameters.Histological examinations of testicular sections from the experimental rats supported these results.Conclusions:Combining all,this study suggests that being an antioxidant,folic acid plays a beneficial role against fluoride-induced adverse effects on the male reproductive system.
基金the Nutrition Research Foundation of Chinese Nutrition Society---Research Fund of Feihe Physical Nutrition and Health(Grant No:CNS-Feihe2018B01)Nanjing medical science and technology development fund(Grant No:YKK19127).
文摘Objective The study aimed to explore the association between folic acid supplementation,maternal nutritional levels during pregnancy and intelligence development of infants.Method This was a prospective cohort study,mothers and their offspring in Jurong Maternal and Child Health Hospital were followed up through pregnancy up to 1 year.The basic information of pregnant women was obtained through questionnaire survey,including pregnancy lifestyle,marital status,vitamin and mineral supplements during pregnancy.Blood samples of pregnant women were collected on admission,serum folate,vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations were determined.Maternal postpartum colostrum was collected and the concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 in colostrum were determined.Pregnant women(n=478)and their corresponding infants were followed up and the Developmental Screen Test scores were recorded at 1,3,6,8 and 12 months of age.Results Compared with the normal group,infants in the low serum folate group had a score of 0.12 points lower in the intellectual energy zone(95%CI:-0.23–-0.01,P=0.04),and infants with the high homocysteine level scored 1.30 points lower than the lower-level group(95%CI:-2.52–-0.08,P=0.04).In the colostrum low-vitamin B12 level group,infants scored 0.10 points lower(95%CI:-1.84–-0.02,P=0.02)in the social adaptation zone compared to the normal group.Conclusion In conclusion,folic acid supplementation in the pre-pregnancy supplementation group and the post-pregnancy supplementation group may be not associated with infant mental development.In addition,maternal folate and homocysteine may be related to the intellectual development of infants.The level of vitamin B_(12)in colostrum may be associated with infants’social adaptive capacity.This result may be caused by individual differences in folate and homocysteine metabolism in pregnant women.
文摘Objective:To prepare a encapsulated liquid fluorocarbon,multimodal nanoscale ultrasonic molecular probes capable of carrying Cisplatin(CDDP)、Fe3O4 and folic acid molecular targeting,study on its basic characteristics and in vitro targeting ability.Methods:The PLGA-Fa、Fe3O4、CDDP and PFP were dissolved in organic solvents in a certain proportion after the folic acid(Fa)molecule which in the surFace of PLGA was attached to polyethylene glycol imide,prepare nanoscale targeted multimodal ultrasound contrast agent PLGA-Fa/Fe3O4/CDDP/PFP,containing Fe3O4、CDDP、PFP by double creaming methods,the basic properties of it,encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of nanometer particle were observed and measured to optimize the optimal dosage of CDDP;the PFFCP and PFCP were acted on in vitro human nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)cell line HNE-1(high expression of Fa receptor),observe and compare its targeting.Results:Nanoscale targeted multimodal ultrasound contrast agentPLGA-Fa/Fe3O4/CDDP/PFP containing Fe3O4、CDDP、PFP was successfully prepared,the size of the nanometer particle is uniform,the shape is round,the dispersion is good,the diameter distribution is 204nm,and the average electric potential is-15Mv.The nanometer particle could bind to human NPC cell line HNE-1 cells with high expression of Fa receptor,but the nontarget nanometer particle binding of human NPC cell line HNE-1 cells are not obvious.Conclusion:In this study,nanoscale targeted multimodal ultrasound contrast agent PLGA-Fa/Fe3O4/CDDP/PFP containingFe3O4、CDDP、PFP was successfully prepared,and the optimal dose of CDDP was optimized.The nanoparticle have obvious targeting to human NPC cell line HNE-1 cells.
文摘The Egyptian government introduced wheat-flour fortification with iron and folic acid to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects, but suspended it for technical reasons. We previously developed novel legume foods with enhanced folate content. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of 12-week intervention with folate-enhanced foods versus folic acid supplement in improving folate status in Egyptian women. A randomized, parallel intervention trial with two active groups (n = 19, n = 18) and one blinded control group (n = 20) was executed over 12 weeks. Volunteers received either germinated legume foods and orange juice (≈250 μg/d folate) or folic acid supplement (500 μg/d) or apple juice (0 μg/d folate). Folate status was assessed by erythrocyte and plasma folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) at day 0, and after 8 and 12 weeks of intervention. After 12 weeks, mean plasma folate increased by 14 (P < 0.0001) and 12 (P < 0.0001) nmoL in the folic acid and food group, respectively. Erythrocyte folate concentration increased in the folic acid group from 614 to 912 (P < 0.0001) and in the food group from 631 to 914 nmoL (P < 0.0001). After 12 weeks, 90% of subjects in the folic acid group and 70% in the food group had erythrocyte folate concentrations exceeding 906 nmol/L. tHcy concentration was decreased by 20% (P = 0.007) and 18% (P = 0.006) in the folic acid and food group, respectively, but remained unchanged in the control group during intervention. Folate-enhanced foods effectively improve folate status in women of reproductive age. These foods could be used as a complement to folic acid fortification.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> <strong>Background:</strong><span "=""> Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy disorder screened for between the 24<sup>th</sup> and 28<sup>th</sup> weeks of gestation using oral glucose tolerance test. GDM has maternal and fetal health implications. <b>Objective: </b>To assess the relation between folic acid supplementation in pregnant women and the risk of developing GDM.</span><span "=""> </span><b>Search Strategy: </b><span "="">The search employed topic-based strategies designed for each database in June 2020. Databases searched were Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Lebanese American University online database.</span><span "=""> </span><b>Selection Criteria: </b>Studies eligible were those targeting the association of GDM development and folic acid supplementation, including pregnant women who have developed GDM and pregnant women who were on folic acid supplementation and developed<span "=""> </span><span "="">GDM. Both interventional and observational studies were included. <b>Data Collection and Analysis: </b>Two reviewers extracted the data independently. A third reviewer checked the data for consistency and clarity. Data extracted included the sample characteristics, sample size and outcomes. Cohen</span>’<span "="">s κ was used to assess agreement between reviewers. All tools and processes were piloted prior to use. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data was presented in a tabulated form. <b>Main Results:</b> Six studies showed a proportional relation between folic acid intake and GDM, two reported a protective effect, and one cohort found no association. <b>Conclusion: </b>The inconsistent results made the formulation of a definitive conclusion difficult. Hence, larger studies are needed.</span> </div>
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of the State Railway Ministry, No. J98Z034
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effects of folic acid on epithelial apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and p53 in the tissues of premalignant gastric lesions.METHODS: Thirty-eight patients, with premalignant gastric lesions including 18 colonic-type intestinal metaplasia(IM)and 20 mild or moderate dysplasia, were randomly divided into a treatment group (n = 19) receiving folic acid 10 mg thrice daily and a control group (n = 19) receiving sucralfate 1 000 mg thrice daily for 3 mo. All patients undervvent endoscopies and four biopsies were taken prior to treatment and repeated after concluding therapy.Folate concentrations in gastric mucosa were measured with chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Epithelial apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2 and p53 protein in gastric mucosa were detected with flow cytometric assay.RESULTS: The mean of folate concentration in gastric mucosa was 9.03±3.37 μg/g wet wt in the folic acid treatment group, which was significantly higher than 6.83±3.02 μg/g wet wt in the control group. Both the epithelial apoptosis rate and the tumor suppressor p53expression in gastric mucosa significantly increased after folic acid treatment. In contrast, the expression of Bcl-2oncogene protein decreased after folic acid therapy.CONCLUSION: These data indicate that folic acid may play an important role in the chemoprevention of gastric carcinogenesis by enhancing gastric epithelial apoptosis in the patients with premalignant lesions.
文摘AIM: To determine whether folic acid supplementation will reduce the recurrence of colorectal adenomas, the precursors of colorectal cancer, we performed a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in patients with adenomatous polyps. METHODS: In the current double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at this VA Medical Center, patients with colorectal adenomas were randomly assigned to receive either a daily 5 mg dose of folic acid or a matched identical placebo for 3 years. All polyps were removed at baseline colonoscopy and each patient had a follow up colonoscopy at 3 years. The primary endpoint was a reduction in the number of recurrent adenomas at 3 years. RESULTS: Of 137 subjects, who were eligible after confirmation of polyp histology and run-in period to conform compliance, 94 completed the study; 49 in folic acid group and 45 in placebo group. Recurrence of adenomas at 3-year was compared between the two groups. The mean number of recurrent polyps at 3-year was 0.36 (SD, 0.69) for folic acid treated patients compared to 0.82 (SD, 1.17) for placebo treated subjects, resulting in a 3-fold increase in polyp recurrence in the placebo group. Patients below 70 years of age and those with left-sided colonicadenomas or advanced adenomas responded better to folic acid supplementation. CONCLUSION: High dose folic acid supplementation is associated with a signif icant reduction in the recurrence of colonic adenomas suggesting that folic acid may be an effective chemopreventive agent for colorectal neoplasia.
