The study focuses on the development of biocompatible and stable FA-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose(NCC)as a potential drug delivery system for targeting folate receptor-positive cancer cells.The FA-functiona...The study focuses on the development of biocompatible and stable FA-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose(NCC)as a potential drug delivery system for targeting folate receptor-positive cancer cells.The FA-functionalized NCCs were synthesized through a series of chemical reactions,resulting in nanoparticles with favorable properties for biomedical applications.The microstructural analysis revealed that the functionalized NCCs maintained their rod-shaped morphology and displayed hydrodynamic diameters suitable for evading the mononuclear phagocytic system while being large enough to target tumor tissues.Importantly,these nanoparticles possessed a negative surface charge,enhancing their stability and repelling potential aggregation.The binding specificity of FA-functionalized NCCs to folate receptor-positive cancer cells was demonstrated through various assays.The free folic acid inhibition assay showed approximately 30%decrease in the binding of functionalized NCCs in the presence of just 5 mM free FA,confirming their selectivity for folate receptor-positive cells.Confocal microscopy further validated this specificity,as only cancer cells displayed significant binding of functionalized NCCs.Crucially,biocompatibility tests revealed that both NCCs and FA-functionalized NCCs had minimal effects on red blood cells,and they did not induce erythrocyte aggregation.Furthermore,cell viability assays demonstrated functionalized NCCs have selective cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer cells HT-29 and SW-620(68%–88%cell viability)while sparing noncancerous colon cells CCD-18Co(81%–97%cell viability).In summary,FA-functionalized NCCs exhibit promising characteristics for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy.Their biocompatibility,stability,and selective cytotoxicity make them an attractive option for delivering therapeutic agents to folate receptor-positive cancer cells,potentially improving the effectiveness of cancer treatments while minimizing harm to healthy tissues.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of folic acid combined with decitabine on diabetic mice.METHODS:The diabetic model of db/db mice were randomly divided into model group,folic acid group,decitabine group,folic ac...AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of folic acid combined with decitabine on diabetic mice.METHODS:The diabetic model of db/db mice were randomly divided into model group,folic acid group,decitabine group,folic acid combined with decitabine group,and C57 mice as normal control group.The density of retinal blood vessels and retinal thickness were detected by fundus photography and optical coherence tomography,respectively.Pathological changes of retina were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The homocysteine(Hcy)in serum was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)was used to detect apoptosis in retinal tissue.Evans blue dye was used to detect the permeability of retinal blood vessels.The platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(CD31)and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)protein were detected by Western blot.The 3-nitrotyrosine(3-NT)and 4-hydroxynonanine(4-HNE)were detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:The density of retinal blood vessels,retinal thickness,retinal vascular permeability and the proportion of apoptotic cells of retinal tissue in the model group increased significantly than control group(P<0.05).The Hcy in serum and the levels of CD31,VEGFR,3-NT,and 4-HNE in retinal tissue increased significantly in the model group(P<0.01).Folic acid and decitabine both reversed these changes significantly,and the combination of the folic acid and decitabine worked best.CONCLUSION:The combination of folic acid and decitabine has a more significant protective effect on the retina in diabetic mice.展开更多
Maternal one-carbon metabolism plays an important role in early life programming.There is a well-established connection between the fetal environment and the health status of the offspring.Howeve r,there is a knowledg...Maternal one-carbon metabolism plays an important role in early life programming.There is a well-established connection between the fetal environment and the health status of the offspring.Howeve r,there is a knowledge gap on how maternal nutrition impacts stro ke outcomes in offspring.The aim of our study was to investigate the role of maternal dietary deficiencies in folic acid or choline on stroke outcomes in 3-month-old offspring.Adult female mice were fed a folic acid-deficient diet,choline-deficient diet,or control diet 4 weeks before pregnancy.They we re continued on diets during pregnancy and la ctation.Male and female offspring were weaned onto a control diet and at 2 months of age were subjected to ischemic stroke within the sensorimotor cortex via photothrombotic damage.Mothers maintained on either a folic acid-deficient diet or choline-deficient diet had reduced levels of S-adenosylm ethionine in the liver and S-adenosylhomocysteine in the plasma.After ischemic stro ke,motor function was impaired in 3-month-old offspring from mothers receiving either a folic acid-deficient diet or choline-deficient diet compared to the animals receiving a control diet.In brain tissue,there was no difference in ischemic damage volume.When protein levels were assessed in ischemic brain tissue,there were lower levels of active caspase-3 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in males compared to females and betaine levels were reduced in offspring from the mothers receiving a choline-deficient diet.Our results demonstrate that a deficient maternal diet at critical time points in neurodevelopment results in worse stro ke outcomes.This study emphasizes the importance of maternal diet and the impact it can have on offspring health.展开更多
Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is the most effective and commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Several patients develop side effects, which may lead to...Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is the most effective and commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Several patients develop side effects, which may lead to low quality of life and non-compliance to MTX. To reduce MTX-induced side effects, folic acid supplementation is prescribed by most rheumatologists. Even after that, some patients have symptoms while receiving MTX. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of folinic acid in comparison to folic acid for reducing the side effects of MTX in JIA patients. Material and methods: In this prospective observational study, newly diagnosed cases of JIA who would be getting MTX were included by purposive sampling. Data were collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Among 40 patients, 20 received folinic acid (Group A), and 20 received folic acid (Group B). Disease activity levels were assessed by JADAS-27 (Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score). Contents from the MISS (MTX Intolerance severity score) questionnaire were used to assess the side effects. All patients were evaluated at baseline, 6th, and 12th weeks. Results: There were significant differences in the frequency of MTX-related adverse events between folinic acid (Group A) and folic acid (Group B). Group A patients only had nausea (10% and 15% in the 6th & 12th week respectively) and vomiting (5% at both follow-ups). On the other hand, in addition to nausea (70% and 95% in the 6th & 12th week) and vomiting (20% and 90% in the 6th & 12th week), folic acid group patients had restlessness, crying, and irritability. Self-discontinuation of MTX was present in the folic acid group (5% & 10% in the 6th & 12th week). Improvement of disease activity was more in the folinic acid group. Conclusion: The folinic acid group had significantly fewer side effects. Improvement of disease activity was more and compliance was also better among them. Methotrexate (MTX) is the most effective and commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A number of patients develop side effects, which may lead to low quality of life and non-compliance to MTX. To reduce MTX induced side effects, folic acid supplementation is prescribed by most rheumatologists. Even after that, some patients have symptoms while receiving MTX.展开更多
Background:Prenatal iron and folic acid supplementation is an economical strategy for reducing iron and folic acid deficiency anemia among expectant mothers in resource-limited countries like Uganda.This study aimed t...Background:Prenatal iron and folic acid supplementation is an economical strategy for reducing iron and folic acid deficiency anemia among expectant mothers in resource-limited countries like Uganda.This study aimed to assess the level of compliance with iron and folic acid supplementation(IFAS)and identify associated factors among mothers receiving prenatal services in Lira district,Uganda.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at the antenatal clinic of Lira Regional Referral Hospital,involving 252 pregnant mothers.Adherence levels to IFAS were evaluated using a visual analogue scale,and associated factors were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire.The data were analyzed using SPSS software,and the results were presented in tables.Results:Only 46%of the mothers attending the antenatal clinic adhered to IFAS during the 30 days preceding the study.Participants who had good knowledge of IFAS before recruitment(odds ratio(OR)1.49,95%confidence interval(CI)1.12–1.97),utilized reminder techniques(OR 1.05,95%CI 1.02–1.09),and received support from their partners or relatives(OR 1.56,95%CI 1.07–2.29)were more likely to have good adherence.The main reasons for missing IFAS were forgetfulness and fear of taking too many tablets.Conclusions:There was a low adherence rate to IFAS among mothers attending antenatal clinics in Lira district.Further investigations are recommended to identify barriers to adherence,and comprehensive health education programs should be provided to pregnant mothers.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effects of folic acid on epithelial apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and p53 in the tissues of premalignant gastric lesions. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients, with premalignant gastric lesions incl...AIM: To evaluate the effects of folic acid on epithelial apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and p53 in the tissues of premalignant gastric lesions. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients, with premalignant gastric lesions including 18 colonic-type intestinal metaplasia (IM) and 20 mild or moderate dysplasia, were randomly divided into a treatment group (n = 19) receiving folic acid 10 mg thrice daily and a control group (n = 19) receiving sucralfate 1 000 mg thrice daily for 3 mo. All patients underwent endoscopies and four biopsies were taken prior to treatment and repeated after concluding therapy. Folate concentrations in gastric mucosa were measured with chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Epithelial apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2 and p53 protein in gastric mucosa were detected with flow cytometric assay. RESULTS: The mean of folate concentration in gastric mucosa was 9.03±3.37 μg/g wet wt in the folic acid treatment group, which was significantly higher than 6.83±3.02 μg/g wet wt in the control group. Both the epithelial apoptosis rate and the tumor suppressor p53 expression in gastric mucosa significantly increased after folic acid treatment. In contrast, the expression of Bcl-2 oncogene protein decreased after folic acid therapy. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that folic acid may play an important role in the chemoprevention of gastric carcinogenesis by enhancing gastric epithelial apoptosis in the patients with premalignant lesions.展开更多
After peripheral nerve injury, intraperitoneal injection of folic acid improves axon quantity, increases axon density and improves electromyography results. However, the mechanisms for this remain unclear. This study ...After peripheral nerve injury, intraperitoneal injection of folic acid improves axon quantity, increases axon density and improves electromyography results. However, the mechanisms for this remain unclear. This study explored whether folic acid promotes peripheral nerve injury repair by affecting Schwann cell function. Primary Schwann cells were obtained from rats by in vitro separation and culture. Cell proliferation, assayed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, was higher in cells cultured for 72 hours with 100 mg/L folic acid compared with the control group. Cell proliferation was also higher in the 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L folic acid groups compared with the control group after culture for 96 hours. Proliferation was markedly higher in the 100 mg/L folic acid group compared with the 50 mg/L folic acid group and the 40 ng/L nerve growth factor group. In Transwell assays, the number of migrated Schwann cells dramatically increased after culture with 100 and 150 mg/L folic acid compared with the control group. In nerve growth factor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, treatment of Schwa nn cell cultures with 50, 100, and 150 mg/L folic acid increased levels of nerve growth factor in the culture medium compared with the control group at 3 days. The nerve growth factor concentration of Schwann cell cultures treated with 100 mg/L folic acid group was remarkably higher than that in the 50 and 150 mg/L folic acid groups at 3 days. Nerve growth factor concentration in the 10, 50, and 100 mg/L folic acid groups was higher than that in the control group at 7 days. The nerve growth factor concentration in the 50 mg/L folic acid group was remarkably higher than that in the 10 and 100 mg/L folic acid groups at 7 days. In vivo, 80 μg/kg folic acid was intraperitoneally administrated for 7 consecutive days after sciatic nerve injury. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of Schwann cells in the folic acid group was greater than that in the control group. We suggest that folic acid may play a role in improving the repair of peripheral nerve injury by promoting the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells and the secretion of nerve growth factors.展开更多
Folic acid participates in the metabolism of homocysteine and lowers plasma homocysteine levels directly or indirectly. To establish a hyperhomocysteinemic pregnant rat model, 2 mL of DL-homocysteine was administered ...Folic acid participates in the metabolism of homocysteine and lowers plasma homocysteine levels directly or indirectly. To establish a hyperhomocysteinemic pregnant rat model, 2 mL of DL-homocysteine was administered daily by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 200 mg/kg from day 10 to day 19 of gestation. Folic acid was administered by intragastric administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg during the period of preeclampsia induction. Results showed that systolic blood pressure, proteinuria/creatinine ratio, and plasma homocysteine levels in the hyperhomocysteinemic pregnant rats increased significantly, and that body weight and brain weight of rat pups significantly decreased. Folic acid supplementation markedly reversed the above-mentioned abnormal changes of hyperhomocysteinemic pregnant rats and rat pups. These findings suggest that folic acid can alleviate the symptoms of hyperhomocysteinemia- induced preeclampsia in pregnant rats without influencing brain development of rat pups.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Folic acid is essential for normal functioning of the nervous system. Previous studies have focused on the effects of folic acid on astrocyte proliferation. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of folic aci...BACKGROUND： Folic acid is essential for normal functioning of the nervous system. Previous studies have focused on the effects of folic acid on astrocyte proliferation. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of folic acid on astrocyte differentiation of neural stem cells （NSCs） and the related mechanisms in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, grouping experiment was performed in Tianjin Medical University between August 2007 and October 2008. MATERIALS： Folic acid and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine （BrdU） were obtained from Sigma, MO, USA. Primary antibodies [rabbit anti-rat nestin, β-tubulin-Ⅲ, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurogeninl （Ngnl）; mouse anti-rat BrdU and β-actin monoclonal antibodies] were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA. METHODS： At 6 days of NSC proliferation from 24-hour-old neonatal rats, BrdU incorporation assay was performed. Seven days after primary culture, NSCs were induced to differentiate with medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum. Cultured NSCs were assigned to three groups： control, low-dose （liquid media with 8 mg/L folic acid）, and high-dose folic acid （liquid media with 44 mg/L folic acid）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At day 7 after primary culture, the cells were identified as NSCs by immunocytochemical methods. Double-label immunofluorescence technique for glial fibrillary acidic protein/BrdU detected differentiated cells 7 days after induction. Western blot was used to analyze expression of Ngnl protein in NSCs. RESULTS： In serum-free suspension medium, neurospheres comprised a large number of Nestin-, glial fibrillary acidic protein-, β-tubulin-Ⅲ-, and BrdU-positive cells. Compared with the control group, high-dose folic acid supplementation led to an marked increase in the percentage of glial fibrillary acidic protein/BrdU-positive cells （P 〈 0.05）, and significantly decreased Ngnl protein expression （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Folic acid promotes astrocytic differentiation of NSCs, which might be related to downregulation of Ngnl protein expression.展开更多
AIM: To determine whether folic acid supplementation will reduce the recurrence of colorectal adenomas, the precursors of colorectal cancer, we performed a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in patients with adenom...AIM: To determine whether folic acid supplementation will reduce the recurrence of colorectal adenomas, the precursors of colorectal cancer, we performed a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in patients with adenomatous polyps. METHODS: In the current double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at this VA Medical Center, patients with colorectal adenomas were randomly assigned to receive either a daily 5 mg dose of folic acid or a matched identical placebo for 3 years. All polyps were removed at baseline colonoscopy and each patient had a follow up colonoscopy at 3 years. The primary endpoint was a reduction in the number of recurrent adenomas at 3 years. RESULTS: Of 137 subjects, who were eligible after confirmation of polyp histology and run-in period to conform compliance, 94 completed the study; 49 in folic acid group and 45 in placebo group. Recurrence of adenomas at 3-year was compared between the two groups. The mean number of recurrent polyps at 3-year was 0.36 (SD, 0.69) for folic acid treated patients compared to 0.82 (SD, 1.17) for placebo treated subjects, resulting in a 3-fold increase in polyp recurrence in the placebo group. Patients below 70 years of age and those with left-sided colonicadenomas or advanced adenomas responded better to folic acid supplementation. CONCLUSION: High dose folic acid supplementation is associated with a signif icant reduction in the recurrence of colonic adenomas suggesting that folic acid may be an effective chemopreventive agent for colorectal neoplasia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Folic acid has been shown to improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),but its roles in hepatic lipid metabolism,hepatic one-carbon metabolism,and gut microbiota are still unknown.AIM To demonstrate the r...BACKGROUND Folic acid has been shown to improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),but its roles in hepatic lipid metabolism,hepatic one-carbon metabolism,and gut microbiota are still unknown.AIM To demonstrate the role of folic acid in lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in NASH.METHODS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into three groups:Chow diet,high-fat diet(HFD),and HFD with folic acid administration.At the end of 16 wk,the liver histology,the expression of hepatic genes related to lipid metabolism,one-carbon metabolism,and gut microbiota structure analysis of fecal samples based on 16 S r RNA sequencing were measured to evaluate the effect of folic acid.Palmitic acid-exposed Huh7 cell line was used to evaluate the role of folic acid in hepatic lipid metabolism.RESULTS Folic acid treatment attenuated steatosis,lobular inflammation,and hepatocellular ballooning in rats with HFD-induced steatohepatitis.Genes related to lipid de novo lipogenesis,β-oxidation,and lipid uptake were improvedin HFD-fed folic acid-treated rats.Furthermore,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARα)and silence information regulation factor 1(SIRT1)were restored by folic acid in HFD-fed rats and palmitic acid-exposed Huh7 cell line.The restoration of PPARαby folic acid was blocked after transfection with SIRT1 si RNA in the Huh7 cell line.Additionally,folic acid administration ameliorated depleted hepatic one-carbon metabolism and restored the diversity of the gut microbiota in rats with HFD-induced steatohepatitis.CONCLUSION Folic acid improves hepatic lipid metabolism by upregulating PPARαlevels via a SIRT1-dependent mechanism and restores hepatic one-carbon metabolism and diversity of gut microbiota,thereby attenuating HFD-induced NASH in rats.展开更多
We encapsulated vincristine into folic acid-conjugated PEGylated liposomes to improve the anti-tumor efficacy on multidrug resistant cancers.It was observed that the drug delivery system we constructed exhibited maxim...We encapsulated vincristine into folic acid-conjugated PEGylated liposomes to improve the anti-tumor efficacy on multidrug resistant cancers.It was observed that the drug delivery system we constructed exhibited maximum cytotoxicity on KBv200 cells(multidrug resistant variant)compared with any other formulations.The semi-quantitative analysis of region of interest revealed that there was a great increase in area under curve(AUC)of a near-infrared fluorescein in solid tumors due to folic acid-mediated accumulation.Folic acid-conjugated PEGylated liposomes showed a significant tumor growth inhibiting effect in vitro and in vivo.TUNEL assay revealed that folic acid-conjugated PEGylated liposomes could induce cell apoptosis much more greatly than others.This study demonstrated that it had potential application prospective for the treatment of multidrug resistant cancer.展开更多
Efficient and robust single-atom catalysts(SACs)based on cheap and earth-abundant elements are highly desirable for electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia(NRR)under ambient conditions.Herein,for the first ti...Efficient and robust single-atom catalysts(SACs)based on cheap and earth-abundant elements are highly desirable for electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia(NRR)under ambient conditions.Herein,for the first time,a Mn-N-C SAC consisting of isolated manganese atomic sites on ultrathin carbon nanosheets is developed via a template-free folic acid self-assembly strategy.The spontaneous molecular partial dissociation enables a facile fabrication process without being plagued by metal atom aggregation.Thanks to well-exposed atomic Mn active sites anchored on two-dimensional conductive carbon matrix,the catalyst exhibits excellent activity for NRR with high activity and selectivity,achieving a high Faradaic efficiency of 32.02%for ammonia synthesis at−0.45 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode.Density functional theory calculations unveil the crucial role of atomic Mn sites in promoting N_(2) adsorption,activation and selective reduction to NH_(3) by the distal mechanism.This work provides a simple synthesis process for Mn-N-C SAC and a good platform for understanding the structure-activity relationship of atomic Mn sites.展开更多
Folic acid conjugated chitosan was prepared by cross-linking reaction with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride(EDC), and then used as a template to prepare folic acid-chitosan(FA-CS) conjugate...Folic acid conjugated chitosan was prepared by cross-linking reaction with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride(EDC), and then used as a template to prepare folic acid-chitosan(FA-CS) conjugated nanoparticles and load mitoxantrone nanoparticles(FA-CSNP/MTX). Drug dissolution testing, CCK-8 method, and confocal microscopy were used to detect their controlled-release capability in different situations and the specific uptake by HONE1 cells. The experimental results show that the nanoparticles have uniform size distribution of 48-58 nm. The highest encapsulation rate of the particles on mitoxantrone hydrochloride(MTX) is(77.5±1.9)%, and the drug loading efficiency is(18.4±0.4)%. The sustained release effect, cell growth inhibition activity and targeting effect of the FA-CS/MTX nanoparticles are good in artificial gastric fluid and intestinal fluid. It is demonstrated that the FA-CSNP system is a potentially useful system for the targeted delivery of anticancer drug MTX.展开更多
The kidneys are a vital organ that is vulnerable to both acute kidney injury(AKI)and chronic kidney disease(CKD)which can be caused by numerous risk factors such as ischemia,sepsis,drug toxicity and drug overdose,expo...The kidneys are a vital organ that is vulnerable to both acute kidney injury(AKI)and chronic kidney disease(CKD)which can be caused by numerous risk factors such as ischemia,sepsis,drug toxicity and drug overdose,exposure to heavy metals,and diabetes.In spite of the advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of AKI and CKD as well AKI transition to CKD,there is still no available therapeutics that can be used to combat kidney disease effectively,highlighting an urgent need to further study the pathological mechanisms underlying AKI,CKD,and AKI progression to CKD.In this regard,animal models of kidney disease are indispensable.This article reviews a widely used animal model of kidney disease,which is induced by folic acid(FA).While a low dose of FA is nutritionally beneficial,a high dose of FA is very toxic to the kidneys.Following a brief description of the procedure for disease induction by FA,major mechanisms of FA-induced kidney injury are then reviewed,including oxidative stress,mitochondrial abnormalities such as impaired bioenergetics and mitophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23).Finally,application of this FA-induced kidney disease model as a platform for testing the efficacy of a variety of therapeutic approaches is also discussed.Given that this animal model is simple to create and is reproducible,it should remain useful for both studying the pathological mechanisms of kidney disease and identifying therapeutic targets to fight kidney disease.展开更多
Background： Insulin-like factor 2（IGF2） plays an important role in embryonic growth process by modulating intermediary metabolism and cell proliferation. Folic acid is involved in one carbon metabolism and contribu...Background： Insulin-like factor 2（IGF2） plays an important role in embryonic growth process by modulating intermediary metabolism and cell proliferation. Folic acid is involved in one carbon metabolism and contributes to DNA methylation which is related to gene expression. The purpose of this study was to explore whether folic acid could regulate IGF2 expression via epigenetic mechanism and further promote embryonic growth of new-hatched broilers.Methods： In the present study, 360 fertile eggs were selected and randomly assigned to four treatments. On11 embryonic day of incubation（E11）, 0, 50, 100 and 150 μg folic acid were injected into eggs respectively.After hatched, growth performance of broilers were calculated. Hepatic IGF2 expression, methylation level and chromatin structure of promoter region were analyzed.Results： Results have showed that IGF2 expression was up-regulated in 150 μg folic acid group（P 〈 0.05） and other two dose of folic acid did not affect gene expression（P 〉 0.05）. Meanwhile, methylation level of IGF2 promoter were lower in 100 and 150 μg groups, which was consistent with lower expression of DNA methyltransferase1（DNMT1）（P 〈 0.05）. What＇s more, chromatin looseness of IGF2 promoter was higher in 150 μg group than control group（P 〈 0.05）. Further, birth weight（BW）, liver and bursa index of new-hatched chickens in 150 μg folic acid group were higher than the other groups（P 〈 0.05）. There were positive correlations between hepatic IGF2 expression and BW and organs index（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion： In conclusion, our data have demonstrated that 150 μg folic acid injection on E11 could up-regulate IGF2 expression by modulating DNA hypomethylation and improving chromatin accessibility in the gene promoter region,and ulteriorly facilitate embryonic growth and organ development of broilers.展开更多
To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with folic acid on growth performance, hepatic protein metabolism and serum biochemical indices of early-weaned intrauterine growth retardation （IUGR） piglets, 2...To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with folic acid on growth performance, hepatic protein metabolism and serum biochemical indices of early-weaned intrauterine growth retardation （IUGR） piglets, 24 male （Durocx （LandracexYorkshire）） weaned （14-d-old） IUGR piglets were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 8 replicates of 1 piglet per replicate. The piglets in each treatment were fed basal diet supplementation with either 0 （control）, 5 and 10 mg kg^-1 folic acid. The trial lasted for 21 d. Dietary folic acid supplementation reduced average daily feed intake （ADFI） （P〈0.05）. In addition, the average daily gain （ADG） in 10 mg kg^-1 folic acid group was significantly decreased （P〈0.01） and the ratio of feed：gain （F/G） increased slightly （P〉0.05）. Serum folic acid concentration increased （P〈0.01） with increasing folic acid inclusion, however, serum homocysteine concentration decreased significantly （P〈0.01）. Enhanced serum urine nitrogen （SUN） and diminished serum total protein （TP） as well as liver TP content were observed in 10 mg kg^-1 folic acid group （/＇〈0.05）. Furthermore, the relative mRNA expressions of insulin-like growth factor 1 （IGF-1） and mammalian target of rapamycin （m-TOR） in liver were respectively tended to reduce （P=0.06） and significantly downregulated （P〈0.05） in 10 mg kg1 group, in compared with 5 mg kg1 group. However, when compared with control group, folic acid supplementation had no significant effect on the mRNA abundance of IGF- 1 and m-TOR. The results indicated that supplementation with 10 mg kg-I folic acid impaired growth performance and hepatic protein metabolism of early-weaned IUGR piglets while 5 mg kg-~ folic acid enriched diet exerted limited positive effects.展开更多
In the present work, the behavior of folic acid （FA） molecule adsorbed onto single-walled carbon nanotube （SWCNT） was examined using the DFT-B3LYP/6-31G＊ level. In order to obtain information about the binding fe...In the present work, the behavior of folic acid （FA） molecule adsorbed onto single-walled carbon nanotube （SWCNT） was examined using the DFT-B3LYP/6-31G＊ level. In order to obtain information about the binding features of SWCNT as adsorbent with FA molecule, several studies, including the structural and electronic parameters and also the Atoms in Molecules （AIM） analysis, were performed. It was observed that the FA molecule via hydrogen bond prefers to adsorb on SWCNT with adsorption energy of about -18.70 kcal/mol. The molecular orbitals （HOMO and LUMO）, natural bond orbital （NBO）,analysis, and density of states （DOS） plot indicated that a charge about 0.032 [ e [ is transferred from the FA molecule to the nanotube. After solvation energy calculations, it was found that the presence of a polar solvent causes an increase in FA adsorption on the single-walled carbon nanotube. Topological features such as electron energy density （Hc） and Laplacian of the electron density （V2p~） demonstrate partial covalent nature for H（ll6）...O（10） interaction in the FA/SWCNT complex. According to the calculated results, the single-walled carbon nanotubes are expected to be a potential efficient adsorbent for the adsorption of folic acid drug and also can be used as a suitable drug delivery vehicle within biological systems.展开更多
Intrauterine growth retardation （IU- GR） causes significantly negative effects on the meth- ylation status of genes related to cell apoptosis com- pared with normal body weight （NBW） piglets. Thus, the objective o...Intrauterine growth retardation （IU- GR） causes significantly negative effects on the meth- ylation status of genes related to cell apoptosis com- pared with normal body weight （NBW） piglets. Thus, the objective of the present study was to exam- ine the effects of maternal dietary folic acid supple- mentation on genes expression profile for hepatic ap- optosis in IUGR and NBW piglets. Twenty four York- shire gilts were allocated randomly to one of the two diets ： control （ C, folic acid 1.3 mg/kg） or folic acid supplementation （ FS, folic acid 30 mg/kg） after mat- ing. Gene expressions in liver samples were deter- mined and revealed that the mRNA expressions of p53 ,BCL-2 associated X protein （Bax）, and Cyclin- dependent kinase inhibitor 1A （CDKN1A） were up-regulated in IUGR piglets compared with NBW pig- lets fed C diets,but could be reversed by maternal fo- lic acid supplementation. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, Serine-protein Ki- nase-Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated （ATM） ,and Cad- herin-associated protein-beta-catenin 1 （ CTNNB1 ） were influenced by maternal folic acid supplementa- tion significantly, but were not influenced by birth weight. Expression of p53 binding protein-MDM-2 （ MDM-2 ） remained unchanged. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that maternal folic acid supple- mentation could exert positive effects on genes related to apoptosis in IUGR and NBW piglets, which might facilitate their postnatal health and growth perform- alice.展开更多
基金funded by Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE),Malaysia-Prototype Development Research Grant Scheme,Grant Number PRGS/1/2020/STG05/UM/02/1.
文摘The study focuses on the development of biocompatible and stable FA-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose(NCC)as a potential drug delivery system for targeting folate receptor-positive cancer cells.The FA-functionalized NCCs were synthesized through a series of chemical reactions,resulting in nanoparticles with favorable properties for biomedical applications.The microstructural analysis revealed that the functionalized NCCs maintained their rod-shaped morphology and displayed hydrodynamic diameters suitable for evading the mononuclear phagocytic system while being large enough to target tumor tissues.Importantly,these nanoparticles possessed a negative surface charge,enhancing their stability and repelling potential aggregation.The binding specificity of FA-functionalized NCCs to folate receptor-positive cancer cells was demonstrated through various assays.The free folic acid inhibition assay showed approximately 30%decrease in the binding of functionalized NCCs in the presence of just 5 mM free FA,confirming their selectivity for folate receptor-positive cells.Confocal microscopy further validated this specificity,as only cancer cells displayed significant binding of functionalized NCCs.Crucially,biocompatibility tests revealed that both NCCs and FA-functionalized NCCs had minimal effects on red blood cells,and they did not induce erythrocyte aggregation.Furthermore,cell viability assays demonstrated functionalized NCCs have selective cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer cells HT-29 and SW-620(68%–88%cell viability)while sparing noncancerous colon cells CCD-18Co(81%–97%cell viability).In summary,FA-functionalized NCCs exhibit promising characteristics for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy.Their biocompatibility,stability,and selective cytotoxicity make them an attractive option for delivering therapeutic agents to folate receptor-positive cancer cells,potentially improving the effectiveness of cancer treatments while minimizing harm to healthy tissues.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.21JR7RA361).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of folic acid combined with decitabine on diabetic mice.METHODS:The diabetic model of db/db mice were randomly divided into model group,folic acid group,decitabine group,folic acid combined with decitabine group,and C57 mice as normal control group.The density of retinal blood vessels and retinal thickness were detected by fundus photography and optical coherence tomography,respectively.Pathological changes of retina were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The homocysteine(Hcy)in serum was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)was used to detect apoptosis in retinal tissue.Evans blue dye was used to detect the permeability of retinal blood vessels.The platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(CD31)and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)protein were detected by Western blot.The 3-nitrotyrosine(3-NT)and 4-hydroxynonanine(4-HNE)were detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:The density of retinal blood vessels,retinal thickness,retinal vascular permeability and the proportion of apoptotic cells of retinal tissue in the model group increased significantly than control group(P<0.05).The Hcy in serum and the levels of CD31,VEGFR,3-NT,and 4-HNE in retinal tissue increased significantly in the model group(P<0.01).Folic acid and decitabine both reversed these changes significantly,and the combination of the folic acid and decitabine worked best.CONCLUSION:The combination of folic acid and decitabine has a more significant protective effect on the retina in diabetic mice.
文摘Maternal one-carbon metabolism plays an important role in early life programming.There is a well-established connection between the fetal environment and the health status of the offspring.Howeve r,there is a knowledge gap on how maternal nutrition impacts stro ke outcomes in offspring.The aim of our study was to investigate the role of maternal dietary deficiencies in folic acid or choline on stroke outcomes in 3-month-old offspring.Adult female mice were fed a folic acid-deficient diet,choline-deficient diet,or control diet 4 weeks before pregnancy.They we re continued on diets during pregnancy and la ctation.Male and female offspring were weaned onto a control diet and at 2 months of age were subjected to ischemic stroke within the sensorimotor cortex via photothrombotic damage.Mothers maintained on either a folic acid-deficient diet or choline-deficient diet had reduced levels of S-adenosylm ethionine in the liver and S-adenosylhomocysteine in the plasma.After ischemic stro ke,motor function was impaired in 3-month-old offspring from mothers receiving either a folic acid-deficient diet or choline-deficient diet compared to the animals receiving a control diet.In brain tissue,there was no difference in ischemic damage volume.When protein levels were assessed in ischemic brain tissue,there were lower levels of active caspase-3 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in males compared to females and betaine levels were reduced in offspring from the mothers receiving a choline-deficient diet.Our results demonstrate that a deficient maternal diet at critical time points in neurodevelopment results in worse stro ke outcomes.This study emphasizes the importance of maternal diet and the impact it can have on offspring health.
文摘Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is the most effective and commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Several patients develop side effects, which may lead to low quality of life and non-compliance to MTX. To reduce MTX-induced side effects, folic acid supplementation is prescribed by most rheumatologists. Even after that, some patients have symptoms while receiving MTX. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of folinic acid in comparison to folic acid for reducing the side effects of MTX in JIA patients. Material and methods: In this prospective observational study, newly diagnosed cases of JIA who would be getting MTX were included by purposive sampling. Data were collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Among 40 patients, 20 received folinic acid (Group A), and 20 received folic acid (Group B). Disease activity levels were assessed by JADAS-27 (Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score). Contents from the MISS (MTX Intolerance severity score) questionnaire were used to assess the side effects. All patients were evaluated at baseline, 6th, and 12th weeks. Results: There were significant differences in the frequency of MTX-related adverse events between folinic acid (Group A) and folic acid (Group B). Group A patients only had nausea (10% and 15% in the 6th & 12th week respectively) and vomiting (5% at both follow-ups). On the other hand, in addition to nausea (70% and 95% in the 6th & 12th week) and vomiting (20% and 90% in the 6th & 12th week), folic acid group patients had restlessness, crying, and irritability. Self-discontinuation of MTX was present in the folic acid group (5% & 10% in the 6th & 12th week). Improvement of disease activity was more in the folinic acid group. Conclusion: The folinic acid group had significantly fewer side effects. Improvement of disease activity was more and compliance was also better among them. Methotrexate (MTX) is the most effective and commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A number of patients develop side effects, which may lead to low quality of life and non-compliance to MTX. To reduce MTX induced side effects, folic acid supplementation is prescribed by most rheumatologists. Even after that, some patients have symptoms while receiving MTX.
文摘Background:Prenatal iron and folic acid supplementation is an economical strategy for reducing iron and folic acid deficiency anemia among expectant mothers in resource-limited countries like Uganda.This study aimed to assess the level of compliance with iron and folic acid supplementation(IFAS)and identify associated factors among mothers receiving prenatal services in Lira district,Uganda.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at the antenatal clinic of Lira Regional Referral Hospital,involving 252 pregnant mothers.Adherence levels to IFAS were evaluated using a visual analogue scale,and associated factors were collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire.The data were analyzed using SPSS software,and the results were presented in tables.Results:Only 46%of the mothers attending the antenatal clinic adhered to IFAS during the 30 days preceding the study.Participants who had good knowledge of IFAS before recruitment(odds ratio(OR)1.49,95%confidence interval(CI)1.12–1.97),utilized reminder techniques(OR 1.05,95%CI 1.02–1.09),and received support from their partners or relatives(OR 1.56,95%CI 1.07–2.29)were more likely to have good adherence.The main reasons for missing IFAS were forgetfulness and fear of taking too many tablets.Conclusions:There was a low adherence rate to IFAS among mothers attending antenatal clinics in Lira district.Further investigations are recommended to identify barriers to adherence,and comprehensive health education programs should be provided to pregnant mothers.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of the State Railway Ministry, No. J98Z034
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effects of folic acid on epithelial apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and p53 in the tissues of premalignant gastric lesions. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients, with premalignant gastric lesions including 18 colonic-type intestinal metaplasia (IM) and 20 mild or moderate dysplasia, were randomly divided into a treatment group (n = 19) receiving folic acid 10 mg thrice daily and a control group (n = 19) receiving sucralfate 1 000 mg thrice daily for 3 mo. All patients underwent endoscopies and four biopsies were taken prior to treatment and repeated after concluding therapy. Folate concentrations in gastric mucosa were measured with chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Epithelial apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2 and p53 protein in gastric mucosa were detected with flow cytometric assay. RESULTS: The mean of folate concentration in gastric mucosa was 9.03±3.37 μg/g wet wt in the folic acid treatment group, which was significantly higher than 6.83±3.02 μg/g wet wt in the control group. Both the epithelial apoptosis rate and the tumor suppressor p53 expression in gastric mucosa significantly increased after folic acid treatment. In contrast, the expression of Bcl-2 oncogene protein decreased after folic acid therapy. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that folic acid may play an important role in the chemoprevention of gastric carcinogenesis by enhancing gastric epithelial apoptosis in the patients with premalignant lesions.
基金supported by the High Levels of Health Technical Personnel in Beijing City Health System of China,No.2013-3-050(to JZY)
文摘After peripheral nerve injury, intraperitoneal injection of folic acid improves axon quantity, increases axon density and improves electromyography results. However, the mechanisms for this remain unclear. This study explored whether folic acid promotes peripheral nerve injury repair by affecting Schwann cell function. Primary Schwann cells were obtained from rats by in vitro separation and culture. Cell proliferation, assayed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, was higher in cells cultured for 72 hours with 100 mg/L folic acid compared with the control group. Cell proliferation was also higher in the 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L folic acid groups compared with the control group after culture for 96 hours. Proliferation was markedly higher in the 100 mg/L folic acid group compared with the 50 mg/L folic acid group and the 40 ng/L nerve growth factor group. In Transwell assays, the number of migrated Schwann cells dramatically increased after culture with 100 and 150 mg/L folic acid compared with the control group. In nerve growth factor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, treatment of Schwa nn cell cultures with 50, 100, and 150 mg/L folic acid increased levels of nerve growth factor in the culture medium compared with the control group at 3 days. The nerve growth factor concentration of Schwann cell cultures treated with 100 mg/L folic acid group was remarkably higher than that in the 50 and 150 mg/L folic acid groups at 3 days. Nerve growth factor concentration in the 10, 50, and 100 mg/L folic acid groups was higher than that in the control group at 7 days. The nerve growth factor concentration in the 50 mg/L folic acid group was remarkably higher than that in the 10 and 100 mg/L folic acid groups at 7 days. In vivo, 80 μg/kg folic acid was intraperitoneally administrated for 7 consecutive days after sciatic nerve injury. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of Schwann cells in the folic acid group was greater than that in the control group. We suggest that folic acid may play a role in improving the repair of peripheral nerve injury by promoting the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells and the secretion of nerve growth factors.
基金The Medical Science and Technology Foundation of Chinese PLA during Twelfth "Five-year" Development Period(General Program),No. CWS11J003
文摘Folic acid participates in the metabolism of homocysteine and lowers plasma homocysteine levels directly or indirectly. To establish a hyperhomocysteinemic pregnant rat model, 2 mL of DL-homocysteine was administered daily by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 200 mg/kg from day 10 to day 19 of gestation. Folic acid was administered by intragastric administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg during the period of preeclampsia induction. Results showed that systolic blood pressure, proteinuria/creatinine ratio, and plasma homocysteine levels in the hyperhomocysteinemic pregnant rats increased significantly, and that body weight and brain weight of rat pups significantly decreased. Folic acid supplementation markedly reversed the above-mentioned abnormal changes of hyperhomocysteinemic pregnant rats and rat pups. These findings suggest that folic acid can alleviate the symptoms of hyperhomocysteinemia- induced preeclampsia in pregnant rats without influencing brain development of rat pups.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30571563, 30771797the grant from Tianjin Education Commission,China,No. 20070208
文摘BACKGROUND： Folic acid is essential for normal functioning of the nervous system. Previous studies have focused on the effects of folic acid on astrocyte proliferation. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of folic acid on astrocyte differentiation of neural stem cells （NSCs） and the related mechanisms in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, grouping experiment was performed in Tianjin Medical University between August 2007 and October 2008. MATERIALS： Folic acid and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine （BrdU） were obtained from Sigma, MO, USA. Primary antibodies [rabbit anti-rat nestin, β-tubulin-Ⅲ, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurogeninl （Ngnl）; mouse anti-rat BrdU and β-actin monoclonal antibodies] were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA. METHODS： At 6 days of NSC proliferation from 24-hour-old neonatal rats, BrdU incorporation assay was performed. Seven days after primary culture, NSCs were induced to differentiate with medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum. Cultured NSCs were assigned to three groups： control, low-dose （liquid media with 8 mg/L folic acid）, and high-dose folic acid （liquid media with 44 mg/L folic acid）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At day 7 after primary culture, the cells were identified as NSCs by immunocytochemical methods. Double-label immunofluorescence technique for glial fibrillary acidic protein/BrdU detected differentiated cells 7 days after induction. Western blot was used to analyze expression of Ngnl protein in NSCs. RESULTS： In serum-free suspension medium, neurospheres comprised a large number of Nestin-, glial fibrillary acidic protein-, β-tubulin-Ⅲ-, and BrdU-positive cells. Compared with the control group, high-dose folic acid supplementation led to an marked increase in the percentage of glial fibrillary acidic protein/BrdU-positive cells （P 〈 0.05）, and significantly decreased Ngnl protein expression （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Folic acid promotes astrocytic differentiation of NSCs, which might be related to downregulation of Ngnl protein expression.
文摘AIM: To determine whether folic acid supplementation will reduce the recurrence of colorectal adenomas, the precursors of colorectal cancer, we performed a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in patients with adenomatous polyps. METHODS: In the current double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at this VA Medical Center, patients with colorectal adenomas were randomly assigned to receive either a daily 5 mg dose of folic acid or a matched identical placebo for 3 years. All polyps were removed at baseline colonoscopy and each patient had a follow up colonoscopy at 3 years. The primary endpoint was a reduction in the number of recurrent adenomas at 3 years. RESULTS: Of 137 subjects, who were eligible after confirmation of polyp histology and run-in period to conform compliance, 94 completed the study; 49 in folic acid group and 45 in placebo group. Recurrence of adenomas at 3-year was compared between the two groups. The mean number of recurrent polyps at 3-year was 0.36 (SD, 0.69) for folic acid treated patients compared to 0.82 (SD, 1.17) for placebo treated subjects, resulting in a 3-fold increase in polyp recurrence in the placebo group. Patients below 70 years of age and those with left-sided colonicadenomas or advanced adenomas responded better to folic acid supplementation. CONCLUSION: High dose folic acid supplementation is associated with a signif icant reduction in the recurrence of colonic adenomas suggesting that folic acid may be an effective chemopreventive agent for colorectal neoplasia.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFC0908903National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81873565,No.81470840,and No.81700503.
文摘BACKGROUND Folic acid has been shown to improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),but its roles in hepatic lipid metabolism,hepatic one-carbon metabolism,and gut microbiota are still unknown.AIM To demonstrate the role of folic acid in lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in NASH.METHODS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into three groups:Chow diet,high-fat diet(HFD),and HFD with folic acid administration.At the end of 16 wk,the liver histology,the expression of hepatic genes related to lipid metabolism,one-carbon metabolism,and gut microbiota structure analysis of fecal samples based on 16 S r RNA sequencing were measured to evaluate the effect of folic acid.Palmitic acid-exposed Huh7 cell line was used to evaluate the role of folic acid in hepatic lipid metabolism.RESULTS Folic acid treatment attenuated steatosis,lobular inflammation,and hepatocellular ballooning in rats with HFD-induced steatohepatitis.Genes related to lipid de novo lipogenesis,β-oxidation,and lipid uptake were improvedin HFD-fed folic acid-treated rats.Furthermore,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARα)and silence information regulation factor 1(SIRT1)were restored by folic acid in HFD-fed rats and palmitic acid-exposed Huh7 cell line.The restoration of PPARαby folic acid was blocked after transfection with SIRT1 si RNA in the Huh7 cell line.Additionally,folic acid administration ameliorated depleted hepatic one-carbon metabolism and restored the diversity of the gut microbiota in rats with HFD-induced steatohepatitis.CONCLUSION Folic acid improves hepatic lipid metabolism by upregulating PPARαlevels via a SIRT1-dependent mechanism and restores hepatic one-carbon metabolism and diversity of gut microbiota,thereby attenuating HFD-induced NASH in rats.
基金This work was supported by National Science and Technology Major Project(2012ZX09304004)National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2010CB934000)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81072593,81102402)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20110071130011).
文摘We encapsulated vincristine into folic acid-conjugated PEGylated liposomes to improve the anti-tumor efficacy on multidrug resistant cancers.It was observed that the drug delivery system we constructed exhibited maximum cytotoxicity on KBv200 cells(multidrug resistant variant)compared with any other formulations.The semi-quantitative analysis of region of interest revealed that there was a great increase in area under curve(AUC)of a near-infrared fluorescein in solid tumors due to folic acid-mediated accumulation.Folic acid-conjugated PEGylated liposomes showed a significant tumor growth inhibiting effect in vitro and in vivo.TUNEL assay revealed that folic acid-conjugated PEGylated liposomes could induce cell apoptosis much more greatly than others.This study demonstrated that it had potential application prospective for the treatment of multidrug resistant cancer.
基金The authors thank the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902204,52001214,21975163)Bureau of Industry and Information Technology of Shenzhen(No.201901171518)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20190929173914967).
文摘Efficient and robust single-atom catalysts(SACs)based on cheap and earth-abundant elements are highly desirable for electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia(NRR)under ambient conditions.Herein,for the first time,a Mn-N-C SAC consisting of isolated manganese atomic sites on ultrathin carbon nanosheets is developed via a template-free folic acid self-assembly strategy.The spontaneous molecular partial dissociation enables a facile fabrication process without being plagued by metal atom aggregation.Thanks to well-exposed atomic Mn active sites anchored on two-dimensional conductive carbon matrix,the catalyst exhibits excellent activity for NRR with high activity and selectivity,achieving a high Faradaic efficiency of 32.02%for ammonia synthesis at−0.45 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode.Density functional theory calculations unveil the crucial role of atomic Mn sites in promoting N_(2) adsorption,activation and selective reduction to NH_(3) by the distal mechanism.This work provides a simple synthesis process for Mn-N-C SAC and a good platform for understanding the structure-activity relationship of atomic Mn sites.
基金Projects(31201074,81371013) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011105102016) supported by the Key Program of Medical Health of Dongguan City,Guangdong Province,ChinaProject(2011108102026) supported by Dongguan Universities Program,China
文摘Folic acid conjugated chitosan was prepared by cross-linking reaction with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride(EDC), and then used as a template to prepare folic acid-chitosan(FA-CS) conjugated nanoparticles and load mitoxantrone nanoparticles(FA-CSNP/MTX). Drug dissolution testing, CCK-8 method, and confocal microscopy were used to detect their controlled-release capability in different situations and the specific uptake by HONE1 cells. The experimental results show that the nanoparticles have uniform size distribution of 48-58 nm. The highest encapsulation rate of the particles on mitoxantrone hydrochloride(MTX) is(77.5±1.9)%, and the drug loading efficiency is(18.4±0.4)%. The sustained release effect, cell growth inhibition activity and targeting effect of the FA-CS/MTX nanoparticles are good in artificial gastric fluid and intestinal fluid. It is demonstrated that the FA-CSNP system is a potentially useful system for the targeted delivery of anticancer drug MTX.
文摘The kidneys are a vital organ that is vulnerable to both acute kidney injury(AKI)and chronic kidney disease(CKD)which can be caused by numerous risk factors such as ischemia,sepsis,drug toxicity and drug overdose,exposure to heavy metals,and diabetes.In spite of the advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of AKI and CKD as well AKI transition to CKD,there is still no available therapeutics that can be used to combat kidney disease effectively,highlighting an urgent need to further study the pathological mechanisms underlying AKI,CKD,and AKI progression to CKD.In this regard,animal models of kidney disease are indispensable.This article reviews a widely used animal model of kidney disease,which is induced by folic acid(FA).While a low dose of FA is nutritionally beneficial,a high dose of FA is very toxic to the kidneys.Following a brief description of the procedure for disease induction by FA,major mechanisms of FA-induced kidney injury are then reviewed,including oxidative stress,mitochondrial abnormalities such as impaired bioenergetics and mitophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23).Finally,application of this FA-induced kidney disease model as a platform for testing the efficacy of a variety of therapeutic approaches is also discussed.Given that this animal model is simple to create and is reproducible,it should remain useful for both studying the pathological mechanisms of kidney disease and identifying therapeutic targets to fight kidney disease.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31272464)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents (NCET-12-0476)the Program for Shaanxi Science & Technology (2014 K01-18-02, 2015NY149, 2015KTCQ02-19)
文摘Background： Insulin-like factor 2（IGF2） plays an important role in embryonic growth process by modulating intermediary metabolism and cell proliferation. Folic acid is involved in one carbon metabolism and contributes to DNA methylation which is related to gene expression. The purpose of this study was to explore whether folic acid could regulate IGF2 expression via epigenetic mechanism and further promote embryonic growth of new-hatched broilers.Methods： In the present study, 360 fertile eggs were selected and randomly assigned to four treatments. On11 embryonic day of incubation（E11）, 0, 50, 100 and 150 μg folic acid were injected into eggs respectively.After hatched, growth performance of broilers were calculated. Hepatic IGF2 expression, methylation level and chromatin structure of promoter region were analyzed.Results： Results have showed that IGF2 expression was up-regulated in 150 μg folic acid group（P 〈 0.05） and other two dose of folic acid did not affect gene expression（P 〉 0.05）. Meanwhile, methylation level of IGF2 promoter were lower in 100 and 150 μg groups, which was consistent with lower expression of DNA methyltransferase1（DNMT1）（P 〈 0.05）. What＇s more, chromatin looseness of IGF2 promoter was higher in 150 μg group than control group（P 〈 0.05）. Further, birth weight（BW）, liver and bursa index of new-hatched chickens in 150 μg folic acid group were higher than the other groups（P 〈 0.05）. There were positive correlations between hepatic IGF2 expression and BW and organs index（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion： In conclusion, our data have demonstrated that 150 μg folic acid injection on E11 could up-regulate IGF2 expression by modulating DNA hypomethylation and improving chromatin accessibility in the gene promoter region,and ulteriorly facilitate embryonic growth and organ development of broilers.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-36)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,Ministry of Education of China (IRT0555)
文摘To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with folic acid on growth performance, hepatic protein metabolism and serum biochemical indices of early-weaned intrauterine growth retardation （IUGR） piglets, 24 male （Durocx （LandracexYorkshire）） weaned （14-d-old） IUGR piglets were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 8 replicates of 1 piglet per replicate. The piglets in each treatment were fed basal diet supplementation with either 0 （control）, 5 and 10 mg kg^-1 folic acid. The trial lasted for 21 d. Dietary folic acid supplementation reduced average daily feed intake （ADFI） （P〈0.05）. In addition, the average daily gain （ADG） in 10 mg kg^-1 folic acid group was significantly decreased （P〈0.01） and the ratio of feed：gain （F/G） increased slightly （P〉0.05）. Serum folic acid concentration increased （P〈0.01） with increasing folic acid inclusion, however, serum homocysteine concentration decreased significantly （P〈0.01）. Enhanced serum urine nitrogen （SUN） and diminished serum total protein （TP） as well as liver TP content were observed in 10 mg kg^-1 folic acid group （/＇〈0.05）. Furthermore, the relative mRNA expressions of insulin-like growth factor 1 （IGF-1） and mammalian target of rapamycin （m-TOR） in liver were respectively tended to reduce （P=0.06） and significantly downregulated （P〈0.05） in 10 mg kg1 group, in compared with 5 mg kg1 group. However, when compared with control group, folic acid supplementation had no significant effect on the mRNA abundance of IGF- 1 and m-TOR. The results indicated that supplementation with 10 mg kg-I folic acid impaired growth performance and hepatic protein metabolism of early-weaned IUGR piglets while 5 mg kg-~ folic acid enriched diet exerted limited positive effects.
文摘In the present work, the behavior of folic acid （FA） molecule adsorbed onto single-walled carbon nanotube （SWCNT） was examined using the DFT-B3LYP/6-31G＊ level. In order to obtain information about the binding features of SWCNT as adsorbent with FA molecule, several studies, including the structural and electronic parameters and also the Atoms in Molecules （AIM） analysis, were performed. It was observed that the FA molecule via hydrogen bond prefers to adsorb on SWCNT with adsorption energy of about -18.70 kcal/mol. The molecular orbitals （HOMO and LUMO）, natural bond orbital （NBO）,analysis, and density of states （DOS） plot indicated that a charge about 0.032 [ e [ is transferred from the FA molecule to the nanotube. After solvation energy calculations, it was found that the presence of a polar solvent causes an increase in FA adsorption on the single-walled carbon nanotube. Topological features such as electron energy density （Hc） and Laplacian of the electron density （V2p~） demonstrate partial covalent nature for H（ll6）...O（10） interaction in the FA/SWCNT complex. According to the calculated results, the single-walled carbon nanotubes are expected to be a potential efficient adsorbent for the adsorption of folic acid drug and also can be used as a suitable drug delivery vehicle within biological systems.
基金supported by Program of Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China(IRT0555-5)
文摘Intrauterine growth retardation （IU- GR） causes significantly negative effects on the meth- ylation status of genes related to cell apoptosis com- pared with normal body weight （NBW） piglets. Thus, the objective of the present study was to exam- ine the effects of maternal dietary folic acid supple- mentation on genes expression profile for hepatic ap- optosis in IUGR and NBW piglets. Twenty four York- shire gilts were allocated randomly to one of the two diets ： control （ C, folic acid 1.3 mg/kg） or folic acid supplementation （ FS, folic acid 30 mg/kg） after mat- ing. Gene expressions in liver samples were deter- mined and revealed that the mRNA expressions of p53 ,BCL-2 associated X protein （Bax）, and Cyclin- dependent kinase inhibitor 1A （CDKN1A） were up-regulated in IUGR piglets compared with NBW pig- lets fed C diets,but could be reversed by maternal fo- lic acid supplementation. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, Serine-protein Ki- nase-Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated （ATM） ,and Cad- herin-associated protein-beta-catenin 1 （ CTNNB1 ） were influenced by maternal folic acid supplementa- tion significantly, but were not influenced by birth weight. Expression of p53 binding protein-MDM-2 （ MDM-2 ） remained unchanged. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that maternal folic acid supple- mentation could exert positive effects on genes related to apoptosis in IUGR and NBW piglets, which might facilitate their postnatal health and growth perform- alice.
