This work investigates the performance of various forward error correction codes, by which the MIMO-OFDM system is deployed. To ensure fair investigation, the performance of four modulations, namely, binary phase shif...This work investigates the performance of various forward error correction codes, by which the MIMO-OFDM system is deployed. To ensure fair investigation, the performance of four modulations, namely, binary phase shift keying(BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK), quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)-16 and QAM-64 with four error correction codes(convolutional code(CC), Reed-Solomon code(RSC)+CC, low density parity check(LDPC)+CC, Turbo+CC) is studied under three channel models(additive white Guassian noise(AWGN), Rayleigh, Rician) and three different antenna configurations(2×2, 2×4, 4×4). The bit error rate(BER) and the peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR) are taken as the measures of performance. The binary data and the color image data are transmitted and the graphs are plotted for various modulations with different channels and error correction codes. Analysis on the performance measures confirm that the Turbo + CC code in 4×4 configurations exhibits better performance.展开更多
Real-time applications usually not only have a certain Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) requirement but also can have strict delay constraints. In the past, we proposed a Hybrid Error Correction (HEC) scheme with Packet Repeti...Real-time applications usually not only have a certain Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) requirement but also can have strict delay constraints. In the past, we proposed a Hybrid Error Correction (HEC) scheme with Packet Repetition (PR) technique for guaranteeing a certain PLR requirement under strict delay constraints. Unfortunately, the HEC-PR scheme can only work efficiently in multicast scenarios with small group size and small link PLR. Our further studies show that better performance can be obtained by combining the HEC-PR scheme with other traditional HEC schemes such as Type I HARQ and Type II HARQ techniques. Based on this idea, in this paper, a novel Adaptive HEC (AHEC) scheme combining the HEC-PR scheme with Type I and Type II HARQ techniques is proposed to satisfy a certain PLR requirement for delay bounded multicast services. Furthermore, the performance of the AHEC scheme is optimized by choosing the scheme with the least needed redundancy information automatically among the three HEC schemes. Finally, by applying the AHEC scheme in a typical wireless DVB scenario, we analyze the performances of the AHEC scheme and compare it with the HEC-PR scheme and an Adaptive Forward Error Correction (AFEC) scheme. The results show that the proposed AHEC scheme outperforms both the AFEC scheme and the HEC-PR scheme.展开更多
针对全景视频数据因量大和延时敏感的特点造成的视频失真问题,提出一种360°全景视频自适应前向纠错(Forward Error Correction,FEC)编码算法,根据实时网络状况对全景视频的图块进行编码比特率和FEC编码率的优化匹配,将全景视频传...针对全景视频数据因量大和延时敏感的特点造成的视频失真问题,提出一种360°全景视频自适应前向纠错(Forward Error Correction,FEC)编码算法,根据实时网络状况对全景视频的图块进行编码比特率和FEC编码率的优化匹配,将全景视频传输质量最大化,减少视频失真。实验结果证明,与传统视频传输算法相比,该算法可以减少视频失真,且视频峰值信噪比(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio,PSNR)提高5~7 dB。展开更多
The improved three novel schemes of the super forward error correction （super-FEC） concatenated codes are proposed after the development trend of long-haul optical transmission systems and the defects of the existin...The improved three novel schemes of the super forward error correction （super-FEC） concatenated codes are proposed after the development trend of long-haul optical transmission systems and the defects of the existing FEC codes have been analyzed. The performance simulation of the Reed-Solomon（RS）＋ Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocguenghem（BCH） inner-outer serial concatenated code is implemented and the conceptions of encoding/decoding the parallel-concatenated code are presented. Furthermore, the simulation results for the RS（255,239） ＋RS（255,239） code and the RS（255,239） ＋RS（255,223） code show that the two consecutive concatenated codes are a superior coding scheme with such advantages as the better error correction, moderate redundancy and easy realization compared to the classic RS（255,239） code and other codes, and their signal to noise ratio gains are respectively 2-3 dB more than that of the RS（255,239）code at the bit error rate of 1 × 10^-13. Finally, the frame structure of the novel consecutive concatenated code is arranged to lay a firm foundation in designing its hardware.展开更多
This paper evaluates the effect of decision feedback equalizer( DFE) error propagation for400 Gb/s Ethernet( 400 GbE) electrical link in order to propose some effective methods to improve bit error rate( BER). First,a...This paper evaluates the effect of decision feedback equalizer( DFE) error propagation for400 Gb/s Ethernet( 400 GbE) electrical link in order to propose some effective methods to improve bit error rate( BER). First,an analytical model for DFE burst error length distribution is proposed and simulated based on a NRZ electrical link in which a 5-tap DFE combined with a multiple-tap feed forward equalizer( FFE) is included. Then,a detailed derivation for BER considering DFE error propagation is given based on the distribution of burst error run length and the BER performance with and without forward error correction( FEC) is simulated too. After that,this paper investigates several MUX-based FEC interleaving methods including their complexity and latency in order to improve BER further. At last,three FEC interleaving schemes are compared not only in interleaving gain,but also in hardware complexities and latencies. Simulation results show that pre-interleave bit muxing can obtain good tradeoff between BER and complexity for 400 Gb E electrical link.展开更多
The best-effort internet has inherent limitations on the end-to-end performance for interactive multimedia communications. This paper presents a multiple description coding （MDC） and forward error correction （FEC）...The best-effort internet has inherent limitations on the end-to-end performance for interactive multimedia communications. This paper presents a multiple description coding （MDC） and forward error correction （FEC） based multiple path transmission schemes for interactive multimedia （M3FEC）, which improves the end users’ experience by maximizing a rate-distortion （R-D） based optimization problem. The proposed model considers both the network diversity and the application’s stringent requirements, and combines the individual merits of the three promising technologies of multiple path overlay routing, MDC and FEC. Extensive numerical analysis and PlanetLab experiments demonstrate that M3FEC successfully combats packet losses, error propagation, and unpredictable network dynamics. This method also significantly increases distortion for interactive multimedia by over 10 dB than traditional IP-layer single path transmission in poor network environments, and outperforms the performance achieved by using MDC or FEC alone.展开更多
Network Coding (NC) is a recent technique which is used to improve the transmission data rate and the power efficiency. These goals are obtained by combining data together before transmitting them, resulting to less t...Network Coding (NC) is a recent technique which is used to improve the transmission data rate and the power efficiency. These goals are obtained by combining data together before transmitting them, resulting to less transmitted data that carry the same amount of information. NC research work over the physical layer and the upper layers are popular and needed to be more investigated. In this paper, we propose a practical system of large-number of connected multi-source network coding (LMSNC), at the physical layer that exploits the broadcast nature of the wireless channel, using the practical and bandwidth-efficient schemes decode-and-forward (DF) and then compare it with Amplify and Forward (AF). The theoretical analysis and the simulation results show the effect of the noise when it cumulates in AF system and how DF is solving this severe default. Moreover, we consider the MSNC for Small-number of connected sources (SMSNC) and the two-way communication setup where two users exchange their information over an intermediate network node (ideally called Base Station), as two reference cases to compare with. With SMSNC, the number of necessary downlink transmissions from the intermediate node to the users is reduced, and thus the throughput is increased. Simulation results obtained using high-performance non-binary turbo codes, based on Partial Unit Memory (PUM) codes (4, 2, 1, 4) and (8, 4, 3, 8);confirm that combining PUM Turbo Code (PUMTC) and NC in the proposed MSNC setup gives almost the same BER performance as that for SMSNC at the small number of processing steps mainly when PUMTC (8, 4, 3, 8) is performed, which is required to retrieve the received coded messages. In the scenario of AF, combining packets results to cumulate the noise, which justifies the reason we decided to increase the number of transmitted coded messages in the network, i.e., the BER performance improves when sending extra coded messages. Finally, the possibility for a trade-off among BER, data rate and the number of transmitted coded messages is shown for LMSNC through graphics and simulation results.展开更多
文摘This work investigates the performance of various forward error correction codes, by which the MIMO-OFDM system is deployed. To ensure fair investigation, the performance of four modulations, namely, binary phase shift keying(BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK), quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)-16 and QAM-64 with four error correction codes(convolutional code(CC), Reed-Solomon code(RSC)+CC, low density parity check(LDPC)+CC, Turbo+CC) is studied under three channel models(additive white Guassian noise(AWGN), Rayleigh, Rician) and three different antenna configurations(2×2, 2×4, 4×4). The bit error rate(BER) and the peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR) are taken as the measures of performance. The binary data and the color image data are transmitted and the graphs are plotted for various modulations with different channels and error correction codes. Analysis on the performance measures confirm that the Turbo + CC code in 4×4 configurations exhibits better performance.
文摘Real-time applications usually not only have a certain Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) requirement but also can have strict delay constraints. In the past, we proposed a Hybrid Error Correction (HEC) scheme with Packet Repetition (PR) technique for guaranteeing a certain PLR requirement under strict delay constraints. Unfortunately, the HEC-PR scheme can only work efficiently in multicast scenarios with small group size and small link PLR. Our further studies show that better performance can be obtained by combining the HEC-PR scheme with other traditional HEC schemes such as Type I HARQ and Type II HARQ techniques. Based on this idea, in this paper, a novel Adaptive HEC (AHEC) scheme combining the HEC-PR scheme with Type I and Type II HARQ techniques is proposed to satisfy a certain PLR requirement for delay bounded multicast services. Furthermore, the performance of the AHEC scheme is optimized by choosing the scheme with the least needed redundancy information automatically among the three HEC schemes. Finally, by applying the AHEC scheme in a typical wireless DVB scenario, we analyze the performances of the AHEC scheme and compare it with the HEC-PR scheme and an Adaptive Forward Error Correction (AFEC) scheme. The results show that the proposed AHEC scheme outperforms both the AFEC scheme and the HEC-PR scheme.
文摘针对全景视频数据因量大和延时敏感的特点造成的视频失真问题,提出一种360°全景视频自适应前向纠错(Forward Error Correction,FEC)编码算法,根据实时网络状况对全景视频的图块进行编码比特率和FEC编码率的优化匹配,将全景视频传输质量最大化,减少视频失真。实验结果证明,与传统视频传输算法相比,该算法可以减少视频失真,且视频峰值信噪比(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio,PSNR)提高5~7 dB。
文摘The improved three novel schemes of the super forward error correction （super-FEC） concatenated codes are proposed after the development trend of long-haul optical transmission systems and the defects of the existing FEC codes have been analyzed. The performance simulation of the Reed-Solomon（RS）＋ Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocguenghem（BCH） inner-outer serial concatenated code is implemented and the conceptions of encoding/decoding the parallel-concatenated code are presented. Furthermore, the simulation results for the RS（255,239） ＋RS（255,239） code and the RS（255,239） ＋RS（255,223） code show that the two consecutive concatenated codes are a superior coding scheme with such advantages as the better error correction, moderate redundancy and easy realization compared to the classic RS（255,239） code and other codes, and their signal to noise ratio gains are respectively 2-3 dB more than that of the RS（255,239）code at the bit error rate of 1 × 10^-13. Finally, the frame structure of the novel consecutive concatenated code is arranged to lay a firm foundation in designing its hardware.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61471119)
文摘This paper evaluates the effect of decision feedback equalizer( DFE) error propagation for400 Gb/s Ethernet( 400 GbE) electrical link in order to propose some effective methods to improve bit error rate( BER). First,an analytical model for DFE burst error length distribution is proposed and simulated based on a NRZ electrical link in which a 5-tap DFE combined with a multiple-tap feed forward equalizer( FFE) is included. Then,a detailed derivation for BER considering DFE error propagation is given based on the distribution of burst error run length and the BER performance with and without forward error correction( FEC) is simulated too. After that,this paper investigates several MUX-based FEC interleaving methods including their complexity and latency in order to improve BER further. At last,three FEC interleaving schemes are compared not only in interleaving gain,but also in hardware complexities and latencies. Simulation results show that pre-interleave bit muxing can obtain good tradeoff between BER and complexity for 400 Gb E electrical link.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.90718040)NEC Laboratories China (No.LC-2008-055)
文摘The best-effort internet has inherent limitations on the end-to-end performance for interactive multimedia communications. This paper presents a multiple description coding （MDC） and forward error correction （FEC） based multiple path transmission schemes for interactive multimedia （M3FEC）, which improves the end users’ experience by maximizing a rate-distortion （R-D） based optimization problem. The proposed model considers both the network diversity and the application’s stringent requirements, and combines the individual merits of the three promising technologies of multiple path overlay routing, MDC and FEC. Extensive numerical analysis and PlanetLab experiments demonstrate that M3FEC successfully combats packet losses, error propagation, and unpredictable network dynamics. This method also significantly increases distortion for interactive multimedia by over 10 dB than traditional IP-layer single path transmission in poor network environments, and outperforms the performance achieved by using MDC or FEC alone.
文摘Network Coding (NC) is a recent technique which is used to improve the transmission data rate and the power efficiency. These goals are obtained by combining data together before transmitting them, resulting to less transmitted data that carry the same amount of information. NC research work over the physical layer and the upper layers are popular and needed to be more investigated. In this paper, we propose a practical system of large-number of connected multi-source network coding (LMSNC), at the physical layer that exploits the broadcast nature of the wireless channel, using the practical and bandwidth-efficient schemes decode-and-forward (DF) and then compare it with Amplify and Forward (AF). The theoretical analysis and the simulation results show the effect of the noise when it cumulates in AF system and how DF is solving this severe default. Moreover, we consider the MSNC for Small-number of connected sources (SMSNC) and the two-way communication setup where two users exchange their information over an intermediate network node (ideally called Base Station), as two reference cases to compare with. With SMSNC, the number of necessary downlink transmissions from the intermediate node to the users is reduced, and thus the throughput is increased. Simulation results obtained using high-performance non-binary turbo codes, based on Partial Unit Memory (PUM) codes (4, 2, 1, 4) and (8, 4, 3, 8);confirm that combining PUM Turbo Code (PUMTC) and NC in the proposed MSNC setup gives almost the same BER performance as that for SMSNC at the small number of processing steps mainly when PUMTC (8, 4, 3, 8) is performed, which is required to retrieve the received coded messages. In the scenario of AF, combining packets results to cumulate the noise, which justifies the reason we decided to increase the number of transmitted coded messages in the network, i.e., the BER performance improves when sending extra coded messages. Finally, the possibility for a trade-off among BER, data rate and the number of transmitted coded messages is shown for LMSNC through graphics and simulation results.
