Patients with mild traumatic brain injury have a diverse clinical presentation,and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood.Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive technique that has been widely u...Patients with mild traumatic brain injury have a diverse clinical presentation,and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood.Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive technique that has been widely utilized to investigate neuro biological markers after mild traumatic brain injury.This approach has emerged as a promising tool for investigating the pathogenesis of mild traumatic brain injury.G raph theory is a quantitative method of analyzing complex networks that has been widely used to study changes in brain structure and function.However,most previous mild traumatic brain injury studies using graph theory have focused on specific populations,with limited exploration of simultaneous abnormalities in structural and functional connectivity.Given that mild traumatic brain injury is the most common type of traumatic brain injury encounte red in clinical practice,further investigation of the patient characteristics and evolution of structural and functional connectivity is critical.In the present study,we explored whether abnormal structural and functional connectivity in the acute phase could serve as indicators of longitudinal changes in imaging data and cognitive function in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.In this longitudinal study,we enrolled 46 patients with mild traumatic brain injury who were assessed within 2 wee ks of injury,as well as 36 healthy controls.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired for graph theoretical network analysis.In the acute phase,patients with mild traumatic brain injury demonstrated reduced structural connectivity in the dorsal attention network.More than 3 months of followup data revealed signs of recovery in structural and functional connectivity,as well as cognitive function,in 22 out of the 46 patients.Furthermore,better cognitive function was associated with more efficient networks.Finally,our data indicated that small-worldness in the acute stage could serve as a predictor of longitudinal changes in connectivity in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.These findings highlight the importance of integrating structural and functional connectivity in unde rstanding the occurrence and evolution of mild traumatic brain injury.Additionally,exploratory analysis based on subnetworks could serve a predictive function in the prognosis of patients with mild traumatic brain injury.展开更多
Numerous studies have shown abnormal brain functional connectivity in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI).However,most studies examined traditional resting state functi...Numerous studies have shown abnormal brain functional connectivity in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI).However,most studies examined traditional resting state functional connections,ignoring the instantaneous connection mode of the whole brain.In this case-control study,we used a new method called dynamic functional connectivity(DFC)to look for abnormalities in patients with AD and aMCI.We calculated dynamic functional connectivity strength from functional magnetic resonance imaging data for each participant,and then used a support vector machine to classify AD patients and normal controls.Finally,we highlighted brain regions and brain networks that made the largest contributions to the classification.We found differences in dynamic function connectivity strength in the left precuneus,default mode network,and dorsal attention network among normal controls,aMCI patients,and AD patients.These abnormalities are potential imaging markers for the early diagnosis of AD.展开更多
Age-related changes in the brain connectivity of healthy older adults have been widely studied in recent years,with some differences in the obtained results.Most of these studies showed decreases in general functional...Age-related changes in the brain connectivity of healthy older adults have been widely studied in recent years,with some differences in the obtained results.Most of these studies showed decreases in general functional connectivity,but they also found increases in some particular regions and areas.Frequently,these studies compared young individuals with older subjects,but few studies compared different age groups only in older populations.The purpose of this study is to analyze whole-brain functional connectivity in healthy older adult groups and its network characteristics through functional segregation.A total of 114 individuals,48 to 89 years old,were scanned using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in a resting state paradigm and were divided into six different age groups(<60,60–64,65–69,70–74,75–79,≥80 years old).A partial correlation analysis,a pooled correlation analysis and a study of 3-cycle regions with prominent connectivity were conducted.Our results showed progressive diminution in the functional connectivity among different age groups and this was particularly pronounced between 75 and 79 years old.The oldest group(≥80 years old)showed a slight increase in functional connectivity compared to the other groups.This occurred possibly because of compensatory mechanism in brain functioning.This study provides information on the brain functional characteristics of every age group,with more specific information on the functional progressive decline,and supplies methodological tools to study functional connectivity characteristics.Approval for the study was obtained from the ethics committee of the Comision de Bioetica de la Universidad de Barcelona(approval No.PSI2012-38257)on June 5,2012,and from the ethics committee of the Barcelona’s Hospital Clinic(approval No.2009-5306 and 2011-6604)on October 22,2009 and April 7,2011 respectively.展开更多
Although cerebral neuroplasticity following amputation has been observed, little is understood about how network-level functional reorganization occurs in the brain following upper-limb amputation. The objective of th...Although cerebral neuroplasticity following amputation has been observed, little is understood about how network-level functional reorganization occurs in the brain following upper-limb amputation. The objective of this study was to analyze alterations in brain network functional connectivity(FC) in upper-limb amputees(ULAs). This observational study included 40 ULAs and 40 healthy control subjects;all participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Changes in intra-and inter-network FC in ULAs were quantified using independent component analysis and brain network FC analysis. We also analyzed the correlation between FC and clinical manifestations, such as pain. We identified 11 independent components using independent component analysis from all subjects. In ULAs, intra-network FC was decreased in the left precuneus(precuneus gyrus) within the dorsal attention network and left precentral(precentral gyrus) within the auditory network;but increased in the left Parietal_Inf(inferior parietal, but supramarginal and angular gyri) within the ventral sensorimotor network, right Cerebelum_Crus2(crus Ⅱ of cerebellum) and left Temporal_Mid(middle temporal gyrus) within the ventral attention network, and left Rolandic_Oper(rolandic operculum) within the auditory network. ULAs also showed decreased inter-network FCs between the dorsal sensorimotor network and ventral sensorimotor network, the dorsal sensorimotor network and right frontoparietal network, and the dorsal sensorimotor network and dorsal attention network. Correlation analyses revealed negative correlations between inter-network FC changes and residual limb pain and phantom limb pain scores, but positive correlations between inter-network FC changes and daily activity hours of stump limb. These results show that post-amputation plasticity in ULAs is not restricted to local remapping;rather, it also occurs at a network level across several cortical regions. This observation provides additional insights into the plasticity of brain networks after upper-limb amputation, and could contribute to identification of the mechanisms underlying post-amputation pain.展开更多
BACKGROUND Large-scale functional connectivity(LSFC)patterns in the brain have unique intrinsic characteristics.Abnormal LSFC patterns have been found in patients with dementia,as well as in those with mild cognitive ...BACKGROUND Large-scale functional connectivity(LSFC)patterns in the brain have unique intrinsic characteristics.Abnormal LSFC patterns have been found in patients with dementia,as well as in those with mild cognitive impairment(MCI),and these patterns predicted their cognitive performance.It has been reported that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)may develop MCI that could progress to dementia.We investigated whether we could adopt LSFC patterns as discriminative features to predict the cognitive function of patients with T2DM,using connectome-based predictive modeling(CPM)and a support vector machine.AIM To investigate the utility of LSFC for predicting cognitive impairment related to T2DM more accurately and reliably.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were derived from 42 patients with T2DM and 24 healthy controls.Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA).Patients with T2DM were divided into two groups,according to the presence(T2DM-C;n=16)or absence(T2DM-NC;n=26)of MCI.Brain regions were marked using Harvard Oxford(HOA-112),automated anatomical labeling(AAL-116),and 264-region functional(Power-264)atlases.LSFC biomarkers for predicting MoCA scores were identified using a new CPM technique.Subsequently,we used a support vector machine based on LSFC patterns for among-group differentiation.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve determined the appearance of the classification.RESULTS CPM could predict the MoCA scores in patients with T2DM(Pearson’s correlation coefficient between predicted and actual MoCA scores,r=0.32,P=0.0066[HOA-112 atlas];r=0.32,P=0.0078[AAL-116 atlas];r=0.42,P=0.0038[Power-264 atlas]),indicating that LSFC patterns represent cognition-level measures in these patients.Positive(anti-correlated)LSFC networks based on the Power-264 atlas showed the best predictive performance;moreover,we observed new brain regions of interest associated with T2DM-related cognition.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values(T2DM-NC group vs.T2DM-C group)were 0.65-0.70,with LSFC matrices based on HOA-112 and Power-264 atlases having the highest value(0.70).Most discriminative and attractive LSFCs were related to the default mode network,limbic system,and basal ganglia.CONCLUSION LSFC provides neuroimaging-based information that may be useful in detecting MCI early and accurately in patients with T2DM.展开更多
Multiple sclerosis is associated with structural and functional brain alterations leading to cognitive impairments across multiple domains including attention,memory,and the speed of information processing.The hippoca...Multiple sclerosis is associated with structural and functional brain alterations leading to cognitive impairments across multiple domains including attention,memory,and the speed of information processing.The hippocampus,which is a brain important structure involved in memory,undergoes microstructural changes in the early stage of multiple sclerosis.In this study,we analyzed hippocampal function and structure in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and explored correlations between the functional connectivity of the hippocampus to the whole brain,changes in local brain function and microstructure,and cognitive function at rest.We retrospectively analyzed data from 20 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients admitted to the Department of Neurology at the China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University,China,from April 2015 to November 2019.Sixteen healthy volunteers were recruited as the healthy control group.All participants were evaluated using a scale of extended disability status and the Montreal cognitive assessment within 1 week before and after head diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging.Compared with the healthy control group,the patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis had lower Montreal cognitive assessment scores and regions of simultaneously enhanced and attenuated whole-brain functional connectivity and local functional connectivity in the bilateral hippocampus.Hippocampal diffusion tensor imaging data showed that,compared with the healthy control group,patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis had lower hippocampal fractional anisotropy values and higher mean diffusivity values,suggesting abnormal hippocampal structure.The left hippocampus whole-brain functional connectivity was negatively correlated with the Montreal cognitive assessment score(r=-0.698,P=0.025),and whole-brain functional connectivity of the right hippocampus was negatively correlated with extended disability status scale score(r=-0.649,P=0.042).The mean diffusivity value of the left hippocampus was negatively correlated with the Montreal cognitive assessment score(r=-0.729,P=0.017)and positively correlated with the extended disability status scale score(r=0.653,P=0.041).The right hippocampal mean diffusivity value was positively correlated with the extended disability status scale score(r=0.684,P=0.029).These data suggest that the functional connectivity and presence of structural abnormalities in the hippocampus in patients with relapse-remission multiple sclerosis are correlated with the degree of cognitive function and extent of disability.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University,China(approval No.201702202)on February 22,2017.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Neuro-rehabilitative training has been shown to promote motor function recovery in stroke patients,although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of fi...BACKGROUND:Neuro-rehabilitative training has been shown to promote motor function recovery in stroke patients,although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of finger movement training on functional connectivity and information flow direction in cerebral motor areas of healthy people using electroencephalogram (EEG).DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A self-controlled,observational study was performed at the College of Life Science and Bioengineering,Beijing University of Technology between December 2008 and April 2009.PARTICIPANTS:Nineteen healthy adults,who seldom played musical instruments or keyboards,were included in the present study.METHODS:Specific finger movement training was performed,and all subjects were asked to separately press keys with their left or right hand fingers,according to instructions.The task comprised five sessions of test-train-test-train-test.Thirty-six channel EEG signals were recorded in different test sessions prior to and after training.Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The number of effective performances,correct ratio,average response time,average movement time,correlation coefficient between pairs of EEG channels,and information flow direction in motor regions were analyzed and compared between different training sessions.RESULTS:Motor function of all subjects was significantly improved in the third test compared with the first test (P < 0.01).More than 80% of connections were strengthened in the motor-related areas following two training sessions,in particular the primary motor regions under the C4 electrode.Compared to the first test,a greater amount of information flowed from the Cz and Fcz electrodes (corresponding to supplementary motor area) to the C4 electrode in the third test.CONCLUSION:Finger task training increased motor ability in subjects by strengthening connections and changing information flow in the motor areas.These results provided a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in motor rehabilitation.展开更多
Light is considered to modulate human brain function only via the retinal pathway, a way of thinking that we aimed to challenge in the present study. Literature provides evidence of inherent phototransduction for inst...Light is considered to modulate human brain function only via the retinal pathway, a way of thinking that we aimed to challenge in the present study. Literature provides evidence of inherent phototransduction for instance in the rat brain and there are potentially photosensitive opsin proteins like melanopsin and panopsin in the human brain too. In order to investigate a short term response, functional connectivity changes of the brain were studied in the resting state with functional magnetic resonance imaging during bright light stimulus via the ear canal. Lateral visual and sensorimotor networks showed increased functional connectivity in the light stimulus group compared to sham controls. The lateral visual network demonstrated slowly increasing functional connectivity on average and the same temporal characteristic was shared by diverse cerebellar brain regions. Hypothetical phototransduction signal pathways leading to responses in brain function are discussed as well as some observed effects and their possible link to the findings. Findings from this study together with the plausible photoreceptor candidates suggest that the brain possesses photosensitive properties, which will have interesting implications for the modulation of brain function and understanding the basic physiology of the brain.展开更多
Although distinctive neural and physiological states are suggested to underlie the six basic emotions,basic emotions are often indistinguishable from functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI)voxelwise activation(VA...Although distinctive neural and physiological states are suggested to underlie the six basic emotions,basic emotions are often indistinguishable from functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI)voxelwise activation(VA)patterns.Here,we hypothesize that functional connectivity(FC)patterns across brain regions may contain emotion-representation information beyond VA patterns.We collected whole-brain f MRI data while human participants viewed pictures of faces expressing one of the six basic emotions(i.e.,anger,disgust,fear,happiness,sadness,and surprise)or showing neutral expressions.We obtained FC patterns for each emotion across brain regions over the whole brain and applied multivariate pattern decoding to decode emotions in the FC pattern representation space.Our results showed that the whole-brain FC patterns successfully classified not only the six basic emotions from neutral expressions but also each basic emotion from other emotions.An emotion-representation network for each basic emotion that spanned beyond the classical brain regions for emotion processing was identified.Finally,we demonstrated that within the same brain regions,FC-based decoding consistently performed better than VA-based decoding.Taken together,our findings revealed that FC patterns contained emotional information and advocated for paying further attention to the contribution of FCs to emotion processing.展开更多
Recent research has highlighted structural and functional abnormalities in the cerebral cortex of patients with premature ejaculation(PE).These anomalies could play a pivotal role in the physiological mechanisms under...Recent research has highlighted structural and functional abnormalities in the cerebral cortex of patients with premature ejaculation(PE).These anomalies could play a pivotal role in the physiological mechanisms underlying PE.This study leveraged functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),a noninvasive technique,to explore these neural mechanisms.We conducted resting-state fMRI scans on 36 PE patients and 22 healthy controls(HC),and collected data on Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool(PEDT)scores and intravaginal ejaculation latency time(IELT).Employing a surface-based regional homogeneity(ReHo)approach,we analyzed local neural synchronous spontaneous activity,diverging from previous studies that utilized a volume-based ReHo method.Areas with significant ReHo differences between PE and HC groups underwent surface-based functional connectivity(FC)analysis.Significant discrepancies in ReHo and FC across the cortical surface were observed in the PE cohort.Notably,PE patients exhibited decreased ReHo in the left triangular inferior frontal gyrus and enhanced ReHo in the right middle frontal gyrus.The latter showed heightened connectivity with the left lingual gyrus and the right orbital superior frontal gyrus.Furthermore,a correlation between ReHo and FC values with PEDT scores and IELT was found in the PE group.Our findings,derived from surface-based fMRI data,underscore specific brain regions linked to the neurobiological underpinnings of PE.展开更多
Quantum process may conduce to brain function.Particularly,it was proposed that the Posner molecules,Cag(PO4)6,can serve as neural qubits,which can maintain quantum entanglement between phosphorus nuclei for quite a l...Quantum process may conduce to brain function.Particularly,it was proposed that the Posner molecules,Cag(PO4)6,can serve as neural qubits,which can maintain quantum entanglement between phosphorus nuclei for quite a long time.We study the process from entangled Posner molecules to the synchronized activities of brain.A diffusion model of Posner molecules with appropriate boundary conditions and the mean first arriving time of Posner molecules from one area of brain to another are obtained.We establish linkages between the quantum entangled connectivity of brain and the remaining time of entangled Posner molecules before decoherence.Based on these results,we find direct correlations between entangled Posner molecules and the functional connectivity of human brain.Furthermore,we discover that the quantum entangled connectivity depends on age.展开更多
Background:Late-onset depression(LOD)and early-onset depression(EOD)exhibit different pathological mechanisms and clinical phenotypes,including different extents of olfactory dysfunction.However,the brain abnormalitie...Background:Late-onset depression(LOD)and early-onset depression(EOD)exhibit different pathological mechanisms and clinical phenotypes,including different extents of olfactory dysfunction.However,the brain abnormalities underlying the differences in ol-factory dysfunction between EOD and LOD remain unclear.Objective:The aim of this study was to compare the functional connectivity(FC)patterns of olfactory regions between EOD patients and LOD patients and examine their relationship with cognitive function.Methods:One hundred and five patients with EOD,101 patients with LOD and 160 normal controls(NCs)were recruited for the present study.Participants underwent clinical assessment,olfactory testing,cognitive assessments,and magnetic resonance imaging.Eight regions of the primary and secondary olfactory regions were selected to investigate olfactory FC.Results:Patients with LOD exhibited decreased odor identification(OI)compared with patients with EOD and NCs.The LOD group exhibited decreased FC compared with the EOD and NC groups when primary and secondary olfactory regions were selected as the regions of interest(the piriform cortex,lateral entorhinal cortex,and orbital-frontal cortex).Additionally,these abnormal olfactory FCs were associated with decreased cognitive function scores and OI,and the FC between the left orbital-frontal cortex and left amygdala was a partial mediator of the relationship between global cognitive scores and OI.Conclusion:Overall,patients with LOD exhibited decreased FC in both the primary and secondary olfactory cortices compared with patients with EOD,and abnormal olfactory FC was associated with OI dysfunction and cognitive impairment.The FC between the orbital-frontal cortex and amygdala mediated the relationship between global cognitive function and OI.展开更多
Background:Childhood maltreatment(CM)is a potential risk factor for some neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood(e.g.depression and anxiety)and alters trajectories of brain development.Accumulating evidence suggests t...Background:Childhood maltreatment(CM)is a potential risk factor for some neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood(e.g.depression and anxiety)and alters trajectories of brain development.Accumulating evidence suggests that functional connectivity of the limbic system,especially the amygdala,is highly associated with childhood maltreatment,although not all studies have found this.These inconsistent results may be due to differential alterations of amygdala resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)following childhood maltreatment.Objective:Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the rsFC of amygdala subregions and CM severity,as well as to develop a stable rsFC-based model for inferring the severity of CM.Methods:In this study,we employed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ)to assess CM severity in each individual.We explored the relationship between the rsFC of amygdala subregions(i.e.centromedial-CMA,basolateral-BLA,superficial-SFA amygdala)and CM experience in a discovery dataset of n=110 healthy Chinese participants by linear multiple regression analysis.Subsequent dimensional and categorical approach were performed to elucidate the relationship between rsFCs and CM severity and CM subtypes,respectively.A support vector regression model was then conducted to validate the associations between rsFCs and total CTQ scores.Moreover,we also verified the model into another independent replication dataset(n=38).Results:Our findings suggested that childhood maltreatment was negatively associated with rsFC between the right superficial amyg-dala and perigenual anterior cingulate cortex(pgACC)/postcentral gyrus(PCG)but not the other two amygdala subregions.Moreover,SFA-pgACC coupling was more associated with physical neglect whereas the SFA-PCG was more related to emotional neglect.In addi-tion,supervised machine learning confirmed that using these two rsFCs as predictors could stably estimate continuous maltreatment severity in both discovery and replication datasets.Conclusion:The current study supports that the rsFCs of superficial amygdala are related to childhood maltreatment and which may be a potential biomarker for the effects of childhood maltreatment-related psychiatric disorders(i.e.depression and anxiety).展开更多
Background:It has been postulated that musicianship can lead to enhanced brain and cognitive reserve,but the neural mechanisms of this effect have been poorly understood.Lifelong professional musicianship in conjuncti...Background:It has been postulated that musicianship can lead to enhanced brain and cognitive reserve,but the neural mechanisms of this effect have been poorly understood.Lifelong professional musicianship in conjunction with novel brain imaging techniques offers a unique opportunity to examine brain network differences between musicians and matched controls.Objective:In this study we aim to investigate how resting-state functional networks(FNs)manifest in lifelong active musicians.We will evaluate the FNs of lifelong musicians and matched healthy controls using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:We derive FNs using the data-driven independent component analysis approach and analyze the functional network con-nectivity(FNC)between the default mode(DMN),sensory-motor(SMN),visual(VSN),and auditory(AUN)networks.We examine whether the linear regressions between FNC and age are different between the musicians and the control group.Results:The age trajectory of average FNC across all six pairs of FNs shows significant differences between musicians and controls.Musicians show an increase in average FNC with age while controls show a decrease(P=0.013).When we evaluated each pair of FN,we note that in musicians FNC values increased with age in DMN–AUN,DMN–VSN,and SMN–VSN and in controls FNC values decreased with age in DMN–AUN,DMN–SMN,AUN–SMN,and SMN–VSN.Conclusion:This result provides early evidence that lifelong musicianship may contribute to enhanced brain and cognitive reserve.Results of this study are preliminary and need to be replicated with a larger number of participants.展开更多
At present, the neuropathological mechanisms and the plastic changes of brain cognitive function in patents with front lobe tumor remain unclear, most studies just focused on global measures of brain functional connec...At present, the neuropathological mechanisms and the plastic changes of brain cognitive function in patents with front lobe tumor remain unclear, most studies just focused on global measures of brain functional connectivity without considering the time correlation in the different regions of the brain. This study aims to investigate brain cognitive alterations and functional plasticity in patients with front lobe tumor at resting-state by conducting functional connectivity density(FCD) mapping and granger causality analysis(GCA). Firstly, FCD mapping was used to extract abnormal functional connectivity(FC) of patients with frontal lobe tumor, and analyzed altered brain FC in both short-and long-range FCD. Then, the voxel-wise GCA method was used to analyze the causal relationship between altered FC regions and other regions in order to detect the time correlation between regions of interest(ROI) and reveal the direction of information flow between brain ROIs. It was found that patients had increased short-range FCD in motor and space attention function areas, had increased short-and long-range FCDs both in Temporal and Insula, and the causal coefficients were changed obviously in Temporal and Frontal. The results show that there is a functional plasticity in space attention function areas. Temporal and Insula are affected by tumor in frontal lobe, and functional reorganization appears inside Temporal.展开更多
Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI) is a novel method for studying the changes of brain networks due to acupuncture treatment. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the brain func...Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI) is a novel method for studying the changes of brain networks due to acupuncture treatment. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the brain functional connectivity network of acupuncture stimulation.Objective: To offer an overview of the different influences of acupuncture on the brain functional connectivity network from studies using resting-state f MRI.Search strategy: The authors performed a systematic search according to PRISMA guidelines. The database Pub Med was searched from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016 with restriction to human studies in English language.Inclusion criteria: Electronic searches were conducted in Pub Med using the keywords ‘‘acupuncture" and‘‘neuroimaging" or ‘‘resting-state f MRI" or ‘‘functional connectivity".Data extraction and analysis: Selection of included articles, data extraction and methodological quality assessments were respectively conducted by two review authors.Results: Forty-four resting-state f MRI studies were included in this systematic review according to inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies applied manual acupuncture vs. sham, four studies applied electroacupuncture vs. sham, two studies also compared transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation vs.sham, and nine applied sham acupoint as control. Nineteen studies with a total number of 574 healthy subjects selected to perform f MRI only considered healthy adult volunteers. The brain functional connectivity of the patients had varying degrees of change. Compared with sham acupuncture, verum acupuncture could increase default mode network and sensorimotor network connectivity with pain-, affectiveand memory-related brain areas. It has significantly greater connectivity of genuine acupuncture between the periaqueductal gray, anterior cingulate cortex, left posterior cingulate cortex, right anterior insula, limbic/paralimbic and precuneus compared with sham acupuncture. Some research had also shown that acupuncture could adjust the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network, brainstem, cerebellum,subcortical and hippocampus brain areas.Conclusion: It can be presumed that the functional connectivity network is closely related to the mechanism of acupuncture, and central integration plays a critical role in the acupuncture mechanism.展开更多
Majority of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients are highly susceptible to several forms of cognitive impairments,particularly dementia.However,the underlying neural mechanism of these cognitive impairments remains ...Majority of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients are highly susceptible to several forms of cognitive impairments,particularly dementia.However,the underlying neural mechanism of these cognitive impairments remains unclear.We aimed to investigate the correlation between whole brain resting state functional connections(RSFCs)and the cognitive status in 95 patients with T2DM.We constructed an elastic net model to estimate the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)scores,which served as an index of the cognitive status of the patients,and to select the RSFCs for further prediction.Subsequently,we utilized a machine learning technique to evaluate the discriminative ability of the connectivity pattern associated with the selected RSFCs.The estimated and chronological MoCA scores were significantly correlated with R=0.81 and the mean absolute error(MAE)=1.20.Additionally,cognitive impairments of patients with T2DM can be identified using the RSFC pattern with classification accuracy of 90.54%and the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)of 0.9737.This connectivity pattern not only included the connections between regions within the default mode network(DMN),but also the functional connectivity between the task-positive networks and the DMN,as well as those within the task-positive networks.The results suggest that an RSFC pattern could be regarded as a potential biomarker to identify the cognitive status of patients with T2DM.展开更多
Auditory verbal hallucination(AVH)is emphasized as a pathological hallmark of schizophrenia.Neuroimaging studies provide evidence linking AVH to overlapping functional abnormalities in distributed networks.However,no ...Auditory verbal hallucination(AVH)is emphasized as a pathological hallmark of schizophrenia.Neuroimaging studies provide evidence linking AVH to overlapping functional abnormalities in distributed networks.However,no clear conclusion has still been reached.This study aimed to further explore the brain activity of patients with schizophrenia having AVH from both local activity(LA)and functional connectivity(FC)insights,while excluding confounding factors from other positive symptoms.A total of 42 patients with AVH(AVH patients group,APG),26 without AVH(non-AVH patients group,NPG),and 82 normal controls(NC)underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).LA measures,including regional homogeneity(ReHo)and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(fALFF),and FC measures were evaluated to understand the neuroimaging mechanism of AVH.APG showed increased ReHo and fALFF in the bilateral putamen(Put)compared with NPG and NC.FC analysis(using bilateral putamen as seeds)revealed that all patients showed abnormal FC of multiple resting state network regions,including the anterior and post cingulate cortex,middle frontal gyrus,inferior parietal gyrus,and left angular gyrus.Interestingly,APG showed significantly decreased FC of insula extending to the superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus compared with NPG and NC.The present findings suggested a significant correlation of abnormal LA and dysfunctional putamen-auditory cortical connectivity with the neuropathological mechanism of AVH,providing evidence for the functional disconnection hypothesis of schizophrenia.展开更多
Background:Individuals with subjective memory complaints(SMC)feature a higher risk of cognitive decline and clinical progression of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,the pathological mechanism underlying SMC remains un...Background:Individuals with subjective memory complaints(SMC)feature a higher risk of cognitive decline and clinical progression of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,the pathological mechanism underlying SMC remains unclear.We aimed to assess the intrinsic connectivity network and its relationship with AD-related pathologies in SMC individuals.Methods:We included 44 SMC individuals and 40 normal controls who underwent both resting-state functional MRI and positron emission tomography(PET).Based on graph theory approaches,we detected local and global functional connectivity across the whole brain by using degree centrality(DC)and eigenvector centrality(EC)respectively.Additionally,we analyzed amyloid deposition and tauopathy via florbetapir-PET imaging and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)data.The voxel-wise two-sample T-test analysis was used to examine between-group differences in the intrinsic functional network and cerebral amyloid deposition.Then,we correlated these network metrics with pathological results.Results:The SMC individuals showed higher DC in the bilateral hippocampus(HP)and left fusiform gyrus and lower DC in the inferior parietal region than controls.Across all subjects,the DC of the bilateral HP and left fusiform gyrus was positively associated with total tau and phosphorylated tau181.However,no significant between-group difference existed in EC and cerebral amyloid deposition.Conclusion:We found impaired local,but not global,intrinsic connectivity networks in SMC individuals.Given the relationships between DC value and tau level,we hypothesized that functional changes in SMC individuals might relate to pathological biomarkers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81671671(to JL),61971451(to JL),U22A2034(to XK),62177047(to XK)the National Defense Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Major Project of Central South University,No.2021gfcx05(to JL)+6 种基金Clinical Research Cen terfor Medical Imaging of Hunan Province,No.2020SK4001(to JL)Key Emergency Project of Pneumonia Epidemic of Novel Coronavirus Infection of Hu nan Province,No.2020SK3006(to JL)Innovative Special Construction Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2019SK2131(to JL)the Science and Technology lnnovation Program of Hunan Province,Nos.2021RC4016(to JL),2021SK53503(to ML)Scientific Research Program of Hunan Commission of Health,No.202209044797(to JL)Central South University Research Program of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies,No.2023Q YJC020(to XK)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2022JJ30814(to ML)。
文摘Patients with mild traumatic brain injury have a diverse clinical presentation,and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood.Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive technique that has been widely utilized to investigate neuro biological markers after mild traumatic brain injury.This approach has emerged as a promising tool for investigating the pathogenesis of mild traumatic brain injury.G raph theory is a quantitative method of analyzing complex networks that has been widely used to study changes in brain structure and function.However,most previous mild traumatic brain injury studies using graph theory have focused on specific populations,with limited exploration of simultaneous abnormalities in structural and functional connectivity.Given that mild traumatic brain injury is the most common type of traumatic brain injury encounte red in clinical practice,further investigation of the patient characteristics and evolution of structural and functional connectivity is critical.In the present study,we explored whether abnormal structural and functional connectivity in the acute phase could serve as indicators of longitudinal changes in imaging data and cognitive function in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.In this longitudinal study,we enrolled 46 patients with mild traumatic brain injury who were assessed within 2 wee ks of injury,as well as 36 healthy controls.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired for graph theoretical network analysis.In the acute phase,patients with mild traumatic brain injury demonstrated reduced structural connectivity in the dorsal attention network.More than 3 months of followup data revealed signs of recovery in structural and functional connectivity,as well as cognitive function,in 22 out of the 46 patients.Furthermore,better cognitive function was associated with more efficient networks.Finally,our data indicated that small-worldness in the acute stage could serve as a predictor of longitudinal changes in connectivity in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.These findings highlight the importance of integrating structural and functional connectivity in unde rstanding the occurrence and evolution of mild traumatic brain injury.Additionally,exploratory analysis based on subnetworks could serve a predictive function in the prognosis of patients with mild traumatic brain injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81471120Fund Projects in Technology of the Foundation Strengthening Program of China,No.2019-JCJQ-JJ-151(both to XZ).
文摘Numerous studies have shown abnormal brain functional connectivity in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI).However,most studies examined traditional resting state functional connections,ignoring the instantaneous connection mode of the whole brain.In this case-control study,we used a new method called dynamic functional connectivity(DFC)to look for abnormalities in patients with AD and aMCI.We calculated dynamic functional connectivity strength from functional magnetic resonance imaging data for each participant,and then used a support vector machine to classify AD patients and normal controls.Finally,we highlighted brain regions and brain networks that made the largest contributions to the classification.We found differences in dynamic function connectivity strength in the left precuneus,default mode network,and dorsal attention network among normal controls,aMCI patients,and AD patients.These abnormalities are potential imaging markers for the early diagnosis of AD.
基金the Grup de Recerca en Tecniques Estadistiques Avancades Aplicades a la Psicologia(GTEAAP)members of the Generalitat de Catalunya’s 2014 SGR 326 Consolidated Research Group(GRC)the PSI2013-41400-P project of Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Spanish Government
文摘Age-related changes in the brain connectivity of healthy older adults have been widely studied in recent years,with some differences in the obtained results.Most of these studies showed decreases in general functional connectivity,but they also found increases in some particular regions and areas.Frequently,these studies compared young individuals with older subjects,but few studies compared different age groups only in older populations.The purpose of this study is to analyze whole-brain functional connectivity in healthy older adult groups and its network characteristics through functional segregation.A total of 114 individuals,48 to 89 years old,were scanned using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in a resting state paradigm and were divided into six different age groups(<60,60–64,65–69,70–74,75–79,≥80 years old).A partial correlation analysis,a pooled correlation analysis and a study of 3-cycle regions with prominent connectivity were conducted.Our results showed progressive diminution in the functional connectivity among different age groups and this was particularly pronounced between 75 and 79 years old.The oldest group(≥80 years old)showed a slight increase in functional connectivity compared to the other groups.This occurred possibly because of compensatory mechanism in brain functioning.This study provides information on the brain functional characteristics of every age group,with more specific information on the functional progressive decline,and supplies methodological tools to study functional connectivity characteristics.Approval for the study was obtained from the ethics committee of the Comision de Bioetica de la Universidad de Barcelona(approval No.PSI2012-38257)on June 5,2012,and from the ethics committee of the Barcelona’s Hospital Clinic(approval No.2009-5306 and 2011-6604)on October 22,2009 and April 7,2011 respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.81974331(to XYZ)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant, No.20161429(to XYZ)
文摘Although cerebral neuroplasticity following amputation has been observed, little is understood about how network-level functional reorganization occurs in the brain following upper-limb amputation. The objective of this study was to analyze alterations in brain network functional connectivity(FC) in upper-limb amputees(ULAs). This observational study included 40 ULAs and 40 healthy control subjects;all participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Changes in intra-and inter-network FC in ULAs were quantified using independent component analysis and brain network FC analysis. We also analyzed the correlation between FC and clinical manifestations, such as pain. We identified 11 independent components using independent component analysis from all subjects. In ULAs, intra-network FC was decreased in the left precuneus(precuneus gyrus) within the dorsal attention network and left precentral(precentral gyrus) within the auditory network;but increased in the left Parietal_Inf(inferior parietal, but supramarginal and angular gyri) within the ventral sensorimotor network, right Cerebelum_Crus2(crus Ⅱ of cerebellum) and left Temporal_Mid(middle temporal gyrus) within the ventral attention network, and left Rolandic_Oper(rolandic operculum) within the auditory network. ULAs also showed decreased inter-network FCs between the dorsal sensorimotor network and ventral sensorimotor network, the dorsal sensorimotor network and right frontoparietal network, and the dorsal sensorimotor network and dorsal attention network. Correlation analyses revealed negative correlations between inter-network FC changes and residual limb pain and phantom limb pain scores, but positive correlations between inter-network FC changes and daily activity hours of stump limb. These results show that post-amputation plasticity in ULAs is not restricted to local remapping;rather, it also occurs at a network level across several cortical regions. This observation provides additional insights into the plasticity of brain networks after upper-limb amputation, and could contribute to identification of the mechanisms underlying post-amputation pain.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81771815.
文摘BACKGROUND Large-scale functional connectivity(LSFC)patterns in the brain have unique intrinsic characteristics.Abnormal LSFC patterns have been found in patients with dementia,as well as in those with mild cognitive impairment(MCI),and these patterns predicted their cognitive performance.It has been reported that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)may develop MCI that could progress to dementia.We investigated whether we could adopt LSFC patterns as discriminative features to predict the cognitive function of patients with T2DM,using connectome-based predictive modeling(CPM)and a support vector machine.AIM To investigate the utility of LSFC for predicting cognitive impairment related to T2DM more accurately and reliably.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were derived from 42 patients with T2DM and 24 healthy controls.Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA).Patients with T2DM were divided into two groups,according to the presence(T2DM-C;n=16)or absence(T2DM-NC;n=26)of MCI.Brain regions were marked using Harvard Oxford(HOA-112),automated anatomical labeling(AAL-116),and 264-region functional(Power-264)atlases.LSFC biomarkers for predicting MoCA scores were identified using a new CPM technique.Subsequently,we used a support vector machine based on LSFC patterns for among-group differentiation.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve determined the appearance of the classification.RESULTS CPM could predict the MoCA scores in patients with T2DM(Pearson’s correlation coefficient between predicted and actual MoCA scores,r=0.32,P=0.0066[HOA-112 atlas];r=0.32,P=0.0078[AAL-116 atlas];r=0.42,P=0.0038[Power-264 atlas]),indicating that LSFC patterns represent cognition-level measures in these patients.Positive(anti-correlated)LSFC networks based on the Power-264 atlas showed the best predictive performance;moreover,we observed new brain regions of interest associated with T2DM-related cognition.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values(T2DM-NC group vs.T2DM-C group)were 0.65-0.70,with LSFC matrices based on HOA-112 and Power-264 atlases having the highest value(0.70).Most discriminative and attractive LSFCs were related to the default mode network,limbic system,and basal ganglia.CONCLUSION LSFC provides neuroimaging-based information that may be useful in detecting MCI early and accurately in patients with T2DM.
基金supported by the Project of International Cooperation of Jilin Province in China,No.20180414062GH(to XMH)Health research talents Project of Jilin Province in China,No.2019sc2018(to XMH)。
文摘Multiple sclerosis is associated with structural and functional brain alterations leading to cognitive impairments across multiple domains including attention,memory,and the speed of information processing.The hippocampus,which is a brain important structure involved in memory,undergoes microstructural changes in the early stage of multiple sclerosis.In this study,we analyzed hippocampal function and structure in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and explored correlations between the functional connectivity of the hippocampus to the whole brain,changes in local brain function and microstructure,and cognitive function at rest.We retrospectively analyzed data from 20 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients admitted to the Department of Neurology at the China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University,China,from April 2015 to November 2019.Sixteen healthy volunteers were recruited as the healthy control group.All participants were evaluated using a scale of extended disability status and the Montreal cognitive assessment within 1 week before and after head diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging.Compared with the healthy control group,the patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis had lower Montreal cognitive assessment scores and regions of simultaneously enhanced and attenuated whole-brain functional connectivity and local functional connectivity in the bilateral hippocampus.Hippocampal diffusion tensor imaging data showed that,compared with the healthy control group,patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis had lower hippocampal fractional anisotropy values and higher mean diffusivity values,suggesting abnormal hippocampal structure.The left hippocampus whole-brain functional connectivity was negatively correlated with the Montreal cognitive assessment score(r=-0.698,P=0.025),and whole-brain functional connectivity of the right hippocampus was negatively correlated with extended disability status scale score(r=-0.649,P=0.042).The mean diffusivity value of the left hippocampus was negatively correlated with the Montreal cognitive assessment score(r=-0.729,P=0.017)and positively correlated with the extended disability status scale score(r=0.653,P=0.041).The right hippocampal mean diffusivity value was positively correlated with the extended disability status scale score(r=0.684,P=0.029).These data suggest that the functional connectivity and presence of structural abnormalities in the hippocampus in patients with relapse-remission multiple sclerosis are correlated with the degree of cognitive function and extent of disability.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University,China(approval No.201702202)on February 22,2017.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30670543
文摘BACKGROUND:Neuro-rehabilitative training has been shown to promote motor function recovery in stroke patients,although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of finger movement training on functional connectivity and information flow direction in cerebral motor areas of healthy people using electroencephalogram (EEG).DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A self-controlled,observational study was performed at the College of Life Science and Bioengineering,Beijing University of Technology between December 2008 and April 2009.PARTICIPANTS:Nineteen healthy adults,who seldom played musical instruments or keyboards,were included in the present study.METHODS:Specific finger movement training was performed,and all subjects were asked to separately press keys with their left or right hand fingers,according to instructions.The task comprised five sessions of test-train-test-train-test.Thirty-six channel EEG signals were recorded in different test sessions prior to and after training.Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The number of effective performances,correct ratio,average response time,average movement time,correlation coefficient between pairs of EEG channels,and information flow direction in motor regions were analyzed and compared between different training sessions.RESULTS:Motor function of all subjects was significantly improved in the third test compared with the first test (P < 0.01).More than 80% of connections were strengthened in the motor-related areas following two training sessions,in particular the primary motor regions under the C4 electrode.Compared to the first test,a greater amount of information flowed from the Cz and Fcz electrodes (corresponding to supplementary motor area) to the C4 electrode in the third test.CONCLUSION:Finger task training increased motor ability in subjects by strengthening connections and changing information flow in the motor areas.These results provided a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in motor rehabilitation.
基金Academy of Finland grants 111711 and 123772a Finnish Medical Foundation granta Finnish Neurological Association grant contributed to this study.
文摘Light is considered to modulate human brain function only via the retinal pathway, a way of thinking that we aimed to challenge in the present study. Literature provides evidence of inherent phototransduction for instance in the rat brain and there are potentially photosensitive opsin proteins like melanopsin and panopsin in the human brain too. In order to investigate a short term response, functional connectivity changes of the brain were studied in the resting state with functional magnetic resonance imaging during bright light stimulus via the ear canal. Lateral visual and sensorimotor networks showed increased functional connectivity in the light stimulus group compared to sham controls. The lateral visual network demonstrated slowly increasing functional connectivity on average and the same temporal characteristic was shared by diverse cerebellar brain regions. Hypothetical phototransduction signal pathways leading to responses in brain function are discussed as well as some observed effects and their possible link to the findings. Findings from this study together with the plausible photoreceptor candidates suggest that the brain possesses photosensitive properties, which will have interesting implications for the modulation of brain function and understanding the basic physiology of the brain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930053)the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program(2022ZD0204802)+2 种基金Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence(BAAI)Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710210)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021FZZX001-06)。
文摘Although distinctive neural and physiological states are suggested to underlie the six basic emotions,basic emotions are often indistinguishable from functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI)voxelwise activation(VA)patterns.Here,we hypothesize that functional connectivity(FC)patterns across brain regions may contain emotion-representation information beyond VA patterns.We collected whole-brain f MRI data while human participants viewed pictures of faces expressing one of the six basic emotions(i.e.,anger,disgust,fear,happiness,sadness,and surprise)or showing neutral expressions.We obtained FC patterns for each emotion across brain regions over the whole brain and applied multivariate pattern decoding to decode emotions in the FC pattern representation space.Our results showed that the whole-brain FC patterns successfully classified not only the six basic emotions from neutral expressions but also each basic emotion from other emotions.An emotion-representation network for each basic emotion that spanned beyond the classical brain regions for emotion processing was identified.Finally,we demonstrated that within the same brain regions,FC-based decoding consistently performed better than VA-based decoding.Taken together,our findings revealed that FC patterns contained emotional information and advocated for paying further attention to the contribution of FCs to emotion processing.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.82001793)Social Development Project of Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province(grant No.BE2019606)。
文摘Recent research has highlighted structural and functional abnormalities in the cerebral cortex of patients with premature ejaculation(PE).These anomalies could play a pivotal role in the physiological mechanisms underlying PE.This study leveraged functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),a noninvasive technique,to explore these neural mechanisms.We conducted resting-state fMRI scans on 36 PE patients and 22 healthy controls(HC),and collected data on Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool(PEDT)scores and intravaginal ejaculation latency time(IELT).Employing a surface-based regional homogeneity(ReHo)approach,we analyzed local neural synchronous spontaneous activity,diverging from previous studies that utilized a volume-based ReHo method.Areas with significant ReHo differences between PE and HC groups underwent surface-based functional connectivity(FC)analysis.Significant discrepancies in ReHo and FC across the cortical surface were observed in the PE cohort.Notably,PE patients exhibited decreased ReHo in the left triangular inferior frontal gyrus and enhanced ReHo in the right middle frontal gyrus.The latter showed heightened connectivity with the left lingual gyrus and the right orbital superior frontal gyrus.Furthermore,a correlation between ReHo and FC values with PEDT scores and IELT was found in the PE group.Our findings,derived from surface-based fMRI data,underscore specific brain regions linked to the neurobiological underpinnings of PE.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11671354)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81801644).
文摘Quantum process may conduce to brain function.Particularly,it was proposed that the Posner molecules,Cag(PO4)6,can serve as neural qubits,which can maintain quantum entanglement between phosphorus nuclei for quite a long time.We study the process from entangled Posner molecules to the synchronized activities of brain.A diffusion model of Posner molecules with appropriate boundary conditions and the mean first arriving time of Posner molecules from one area of brain to another are obtained.We establish linkages between the quantum entangled connectivity of brain and the remaining time of entangled Posner molecules before decoherence.Based on these results,we find direct correlations between entangled Posner molecules and the functional connectivity of human brain.Furthermore,we discover that the quantum entangled connectivity depends on age.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China (nos 82171533,82101508)Medical Scientific Technology Research Foundation of Guangdong Province of China (no.A2020446)the Key Laboratory for Innovation Platform Plan,the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China,the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangdong Province (no.2019B030316001).
文摘Background:Late-onset depression(LOD)and early-onset depression(EOD)exhibit different pathological mechanisms and clinical phenotypes,including different extents of olfactory dysfunction.However,the brain abnormalities underlying the differences in ol-factory dysfunction between EOD and LOD remain unclear.Objective:The aim of this study was to compare the functional connectivity(FC)patterns of olfactory regions between EOD patients and LOD patients and examine their relationship with cognitive function.Methods:One hundred and five patients with EOD,101 patients with LOD and 160 normal controls(NCs)were recruited for the present study.Participants underwent clinical assessment,olfactory testing,cognitive assessments,and magnetic resonance imaging.Eight regions of the primary and secondary olfactory regions were selected to investigate olfactory FC.Results:Patients with LOD exhibited decreased odor identification(OI)compared with patients with EOD and NCs.The LOD group exhibited decreased FC compared with the EOD and NC groups when primary and secondary olfactory regions were selected as the regions of interest(the piriform cortex,lateral entorhinal cortex,and orbital-frontal cortex).Additionally,these abnormal olfactory FCs were associated with decreased cognitive function scores and OI,and the FC between the left orbital-frontal cortex and left amygdala was a partial mediator of the relationship between global cognitive scores and OI.Conclusion:Overall,patients with LOD exhibited decreased FC in both the primary and secondary olfactory cortices compared with patients with EOD,and abnormal olfactory FC was associated with OI dysfunction and cognitive impairment.The FC between the orbital-frontal cortex and amygdala mediated the relationship between global cognitive function and OI.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,UESTC[grant number ZYGX2020J027-WHZ]Natural Science Foundation of sichuan Province[grant number 2022NSFSC1375-WHZ]+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation[grant number 2021A1515110511-WHZ]Sichuan Science and Technology Program[grant number 2020YFS0484 WXY].
文摘Background:Childhood maltreatment(CM)is a potential risk factor for some neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood(e.g.depression and anxiety)and alters trajectories of brain development.Accumulating evidence suggests that functional connectivity of the limbic system,especially the amygdala,is highly associated with childhood maltreatment,although not all studies have found this.These inconsistent results may be due to differential alterations of amygdala resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)following childhood maltreatment.Objective:Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the rsFC of amygdala subregions and CM severity,as well as to develop a stable rsFC-based model for inferring the severity of CM.Methods:In this study,we employed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ)to assess CM severity in each individual.We explored the relationship between the rsFC of amygdala subregions(i.e.centromedial-CMA,basolateral-BLA,superficial-SFA amygdala)and CM experience in a discovery dataset of n=110 healthy Chinese participants by linear multiple regression analysis.Subsequent dimensional and categorical approach were performed to elucidate the relationship between rsFCs and CM severity and CM subtypes,respectively.A support vector regression model was then conducted to validate the associations between rsFCs and total CTQ scores.Moreover,we also verified the model into another independent replication dataset(n=38).Results:Our findings suggested that childhood maltreatment was negatively associated with rsFC between the right superficial amyg-dala and perigenual anterior cingulate cortex(pgACC)/postcentral gyrus(PCG)but not the other two amygdala subregions.Moreover,SFA-pgACC coupling was more associated with physical neglect whereas the SFA-PCG was more related to emotional neglect.In addi-tion,supervised machine learning confirmed that using these two rsFCs as predictors could stably estimate continuous maltreatment severity in both discovery and replication datasets.Conclusion:The current study supports that the rsFCs of superficial amygdala are related to childhood maltreatment and which may be a potential biomarker for the effects of childhood maltreatment-related psychiatric disorders(i.e.depression and anxiety).
基金funded by Duke University and the U.S.Depart-ment of Education,LRC Grant CFDA 84.229A.
文摘Background:It has been postulated that musicianship can lead to enhanced brain and cognitive reserve,but the neural mechanisms of this effect have been poorly understood.Lifelong professional musicianship in conjunction with novel brain imaging techniques offers a unique opportunity to examine brain network differences between musicians and matched controls.Objective:In this study we aim to investigate how resting-state functional networks(FNs)manifest in lifelong active musicians.We will evaluate the FNs of lifelong musicians and matched healthy controls using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:We derive FNs using the data-driven independent component analysis approach and analyze the functional network con-nectivity(FNC)between the default mode(DMN),sensory-motor(SMN),visual(VSN),and auditory(AUN)networks.We examine whether the linear regressions between FNC and age are different between the musicians and the control group.Results:The age trajectory of average FNC across all six pairs of FNs shows significant differences between musicians and controls.Musicians show an increase in average FNC with age while controls show a decrease(P=0.013).When we evaluated each pair of FN,we note that in musicians FNC values increased with age in DMN–AUN,DMN–VSN,and SMN–VSN and in controls FNC values decreased with age in DMN–AUN,DMN–SMN,AUN–SMN,and SMN–VSN.Conclusion:This result provides early evidence that lifelong musicianship may contribute to enhanced brain and cognitive reserve.Results of this study are preliminary and need to be replicated with a larger number of participants.
基金Clinical Medical Science Special Foundation in Jiangsu Provincegrant number:SBL201230215
文摘At present, the neuropathological mechanisms and the plastic changes of brain cognitive function in patents with front lobe tumor remain unclear, most studies just focused on global measures of brain functional connectivity without considering the time correlation in the different regions of the brain. This study aims to investigate brain cognitive alterations and functional plasticity in patients with front lobe tumor at resting-state by conducting functional connectivity density(FCD) mapping and granger causality analysis(GCA). Firstly, FCD mapping was used to extract abnormal functional connectivity(FC) of patients with frontal lobe tumor, and analyzed altered brain FC in both short-and long-range FCD. Then, the voxel-wise GCA method was used to analyze the causal relationship between altered FC regions and other regions in order to detect the time correlation between regions of interest(ROI) and reveal the direction of information flow between brain ROIs. It was found that patients had increased short-range FCD in motor and space attention function areas, had increased short-and long-range FCDs both in Temporal and Insula, and the causal coefficients were changed obviously in Temporal and Frontal. The results show that there is a functional plasticity in space attention function areas. Temporal and Insula are affected by tumor in frontal lobe, and functional reorganization appears inside Temporal.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473784)University Science Research Project of Anhui Province of China(No.KJ2017A298)+1 种基金the Key Project of the Youth Elite Support Plan in Universities of Anhui Province of China(No.gxyq ZD2016134)Construction Project of Scientific Research Innovation Platform of Anhui Province of China(No.2015TD033)
文摘Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI) is a novel method for studying the changes of brain networks due to acupuncture treatment. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the brain functional connectivity network of acupuncture stimulation.Objective: To offer an overview of the different influences of acupuncture on the brain functional connectivity network from studies using resting-state f MRI.Search strategy: The authors performed a systematic search according to PRISMA guidelines. The database Pub Med was searched from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016 with restriction to human studies in English language.Inclusion criteria: Electronic searches were conducted in Pub Med using the keywords ‘‘acupuncture" and‘‘neuroimaging" or ‘‘resting-state f MRI" or ‘‘functional connectivity".Data extraction and analysis: Selection of included articles, data extraction and methodological quality assessments were respectively conducted by two review authors.Results: Forty-four resting-state f MRI studies were included in this systematic review according to inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies applied manual acupuncture vs. sham, four studies applied electroacupuncture vs. sham, two studies also compared transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation vs.sham, and nine applied sham acupoint as control. Nineteen studies with a total number of 574 healthy subjects selected to perform f MRI only considered healthy adult volunteers. The brain functional connectivity of the patients had varying degrees of change. Compared with sham acupuncture, verum acupuncture could increase default mode network and sensorimotor network connectivity with pain-, affectiveand memory-related brain areas. It has significantly greater connectivity of genuine acupuncture between the periaqueductal gray, anterior cingulate cortex, left posterior cingulate cortex, right anterior insula, limbic/paralimbic and precuneus compared with sham acupuncture. Some research had also shown that acupuncture could adjust the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network, brainstem, cerebellum,subcortical and hippocampus brain areas.Conclusion: It can be presumed that the functional connectivity network is closely related to the mechanism of acupuncture, and central integration plays a critical role in the acupuncture mechanism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81772012,81227901,61673051,81641168,31470047,81271565,81527805,and61231004)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0205200)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2019136)
文摘Majority of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients are highly susceptible to several forms of cognitive impairments,particularly dementia.However,the underlying neural mechanism of these cognitive impairments remains unclear.We aimed to investigate the correlation between whole brain resting state functional connections(RSFCs)and the cognitive status in 95 patients with T2DM.We constructed an elastic net model to estimate the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)scores,which served as an index of the cognitive status of the patients,and to select the RSFCs for further prediction.Subsequently,we utilized a machine learning technique to evaluate the discriminative ability of the connectivity pattern associated with the selected RSFCs.The estimated and chronological MoCA scores were significantly correlated with R=0.81 and the mean absolute error(MAE)=1.20.Additionally,cognitive impairments of patients with T2DM can be identified using the RSFC pattern with classification accuracy of 90.54%and the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)of 0.9737.This connectivity pattern not only included the connections between regions within the default mode network(DMN),but also the functional connectivity between the task-positive networks and the DMN,as well as those within the task-positive networks.The results suggest that an RSFC pattern could be regarded as a potential biomarker to identify the cognitive status of patients with T2DM.
基金'This study was supported by grants from the National 973 Program of China(No.201 lCB707805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91132301)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2014CFB732).
文摘Auditory verbal hallucination(AVH)is emphasized as a pathological hallmark of schizophrenia.Neuroimaging studies provide evidence linking AVH to overlapping functional abnormalities in distributed networks.However,no clear conclusion has still been reached.This study aimed to further explore the brain activity of patients with schizophrenia having AVH from both local activity(LA)and functional connectivity(FC)insights,while excluding confounding factors from other positive symptoms.A total of 42 patients with AVH(AVH patients group,APG),26 without AVH(non-AVH patients group,NPG),and 82 normal controls(NC)underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).LA measures,including regional homogeneity(ReHo)and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations(fALFF),and FC measures were evaluated to understand the neuroimaging mechanism of AVH.APG showed increased ReHo and fALFF in the bilateral putamen(Put)compared with NPG and NC.FC analysis(using bilateral putamen as seeds)revealed that all patients showed abnormal FC of multiple resting state network regions,including the anterior and post cingulate cortex,middle frontal gyrus,inferior parietal gyrus,and left angular gyrus.Interestingly,APG showed significantly decreased FC of insula extending to the superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus compared with NPG and NC.The present findings suggested a significant correlation of abnormal LA and dysfunctional putamen-auditory cortical connectivity with the neuropathological mechanism of AVH,providing evidence for the functional disconnection hypothesis of schizophrenia.
基金Data collection and sharing for this project was funded by the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI)(National Institutes of Health Grant U01 AG024904)and DOD ADNI(Department of Defense award number W81XWH-12-2-0012)This study was funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC1306600)+3 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LZ14H180001 and Y16H090026)Young ResearchTalents Fund,Chinese Medicine Science,and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2018ZQ035)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2017XZZX001-01)Zhejiang Medicine and Health Science and Technology Program(2018KY418).
文摘Background:Individuals with subjective memory complaints(SMC)feature a higher risk of cognitive decline and clinical progression of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,the pathological mechanism underlying SMC remains unclear.We aimed to assess the intrinsic connectivity network and its relationship with AD-related pathologies in SMC individuals.Methods:We included 44 SMC individuals and 40 normal controls who underwent both resting-state functional MRI and positron emission tomography(PET).Based on graph theory approaches,we detected local and global functional connectivity across the whole brain by using degree centrality(DC)and eigenvector centrality(EC)respectively.Additionally,we analyzed amyloid deposition and tauopathy via florbetapir-PET imaging and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)data.The voxel-wise two-sample T-test analysis was used to examine between-group differences in the intrinsic functional network and cerebral amyloid deposition.Then,we correlated these network metrics with pathological results.Results:The SMC individuals showed higher DC in the bilateral hippocampus(HP)and left fusiform gyrus and lower DC in the inferior parietal region than controls.Across all subjects,the DC of the bilateral HP and left fusiform gyrus was positively associated with total tau and phosphorylated tau181.However,no significant between-group difference existed in EC and cerebral amyloid deposition.Conclusion:We found impaired local,but not global,intrinsic connectivity networks in SMC individuals.Given the relationships between DC value and tau level,we hypothesized that functional changes in SMC individuals might relate to pathological biomarkers.
