Mainstream partial nitritation-anammox(PNA)process easily suffers from performance instability and even reactor collapse in application.Thus,it is of great significance to unveil the characteristic of performance reco...Mainstream partial nitritation-anammox(PNA)process easily suffers from performance instability and even reactor collapse in application.Thus,it is of great significance to unveil the characteristic of performance recovery,understand the intrinsic mechanism and then propose operational strategy.In this study,we combined long-term reactor operation,batch tests,and metagenomics to reveal the succession of microbial community and functional metabolism variation from system collapse to recovery.Proper aeration control(0.10-0.25mg O_(2)/L)was critical for performance recovery.It was also found that Candidatus Brocadia became the dominant flora and its abundance increased from 3.5%to 11.0%.Significant enhancements in carbon metabolism and phospholipid biosynthesis were observed during system recovery,and the genes abundance related to signal transduction was dramatically increased.The up-regulation of sdh and suc genes showed the processes of succinate dehydrogenation and succinyl-CoA synthesis might stimulate the production of amino acids and the synthesis of proteins,thereby possibly improving the activity and abundance of AnAOB,which was conducive to the performance recovery.Moreover,the increase in abundance of hzs and hdh genes suggested the enhancement of the anammox process.Changes in the abundance of key genes involved in nitrogen metabolism indicated that nitrogen removal pathway was more diverse after system recovery.The achievement of performance recovery was driven by anammox,nitrification and denitrification coupled with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.These results provide deeper insights into the recovery mechanism of PNA system and also provide a potential regulation strategy for the stable operation of the mainstream PNA process.展开更多
The quality and aroma of strong-flavor Baijiu are mainly dependent on Daqu,pit mud(PM),and the interaction of both.However,little is known about how their combination patterns affect the microbiome and metabolome of Z...The quality and aroma of strong-flavor Baijiu are mainly dependent on Daqu,pit mud(PM),and the interaction of both.However,little is known about how their combination patterns affect the microbiome and metabolome of Zaopei,especially the metabolic function of rare taxa.Here,an experiment on industrial size was designed to assess the effects of 6 combinations(3 kinds of Daqu×2 kinds of PM)on the composition and assembly of different taxa,as well as the flavor profile.The results showed that Zaopei's microbiota was composed of a few abundant taxa and enormous rare taxa,and rare bacterial and abundant fungal subcommunities were significantly affected by combination patterns.The assembly processes of abundant/rare taxa and bacterial/fungal communities were distinct,and environmental changes mediated the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes in rare bacteria assembly.Furthermore,specific combination patterns improved the flavor quality of Zaopei by enhancing the interspecies interaction,which was closely related to rare taxa,especially rare bacteria.These findings highlighted that rare bacteria might be the keystone in involving community interaction and maintaining metabolic function,which provided a scientific foundation for better understanding and regulating the brewing microbiota from the viewpoint of microbial ecology.展开更多
Objective To compare the effects of combined en bloc liver - pancreas transplantation ( LPT) with portal vein drainage and simultaneous combined kidney - pancreas transplantation ( KPT) with systemic venous drainage o...Objective To compare the effects of combined en bloc liver - pancreas transplantation ( LPT) with portal vein drainage and simultaneous combined kidney - pancreas transplantation ( KPT) with systemic venous drainage on the pancreatic endocrine function and related me-展开更多
This study was to investigate the structure and rat fecal microbial fermentation properties of a polysaccharide fraction(PHP2)isolated from the red marine alga Porphyra haitanensis.PHP2 was characterized as a sulfated...This study was to investigate the structure and rat fecal microbial fermentation properties of a polysaccharide fraction(PHP2)isolated from the red marine alga Porphyra haitanensis.PHP2 was characterized as a sulfated glucogalactan,with a hypothetical backbone structure of→4)Gα(1→6)G4 Sβ(1→4)Glc(1→and a side chain of Man(1→6)Glc.PHP2 had an irregular spherical chain conformation.The 16 S r RNA sequence analysis revealed that PHP2 modulated the rat fecal micro-flora composition,with a similar effect to inulin,changing the dominant genus(Lactobacillus and Escherichia-Shigella)and promoting the growth of organisms that degrade sulfur-containing polysaccharides,such as Desulfovibrio,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005,and Ruminococcus_2.PHP2 can promote production of acetic,propionic and butyric acid by rat fecal micro-flora.Prediction of metabolic function suggested that PHP2 could modulate cholesterol metabolism.The sulfated glucogalactan fermentation behavior may be associated with its monosaccharide composition,chain branching and chain conformation.PHP2 appeared to have considerable potential as functional food,and was associated with sulfur-containing polysaccharides in general.展开更多
More than five years ago,the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection was revolutionized with the introduction of all-oral direct-acting antiviral(DAA)drugs.They proved highly efficient in curing patients with chronic...More than five years ago,the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection was revolutionized with the introduction of all-oral direct-acting antiviral(DAA)drugs.They proved highly efficient in curing patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC),including patients with cirrhosis.The new DAA treatments were alleged to induce significant improvements in clinical outcome and prognosis,but the exact cause of the expected benefit was unclear.Further,little was known about how the underlying liver disease would be affected during and after viral clearance.In this review,we describe and discuss the liver-related effects of the new treatments in regards to both pathophysiological aspects,such as macrophage activation,and the time-dependent effects of therapy,with specific emphasis on inflammation,structural liver changes,and liver function,as these factors are all related to morbidity and mortality in CHC patients.It seems clear that antiviral therapy,especially the achievement of a sustained virologic response has several beneficial effects on liver-related parameters in CHC patients with advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.There seems to be a timedependent effect of DAA therapy with viral clearance and the resolution of liver inflammation followed by more discrete changes in structural liver lesions.These improvements lead to favorable effects on liver function,followed by an improvement in cognitive dysfunction and portal hypertension.Overall,the data provide knowledge on the several beneficial effects of DAA therapy on liverrelated parameters in CHC patients suggesting short-and long-term improvements in the underlying disease with the promise of an improved longterm prognosis.展开更多
Probiotics can improve animal growth performance and intestinal health.Bacillus species,Lactobacillus species,Bifidobacterium species,yeast etc.are the common types of probiotics.However,understanding the effects of p...Probiotics can improve animal growth performance and intestinal health.Bacillus species,Lactobacillus species,Bifidobacterium species,yeast etc.are the common types of probiotics.However,understanding the effects of probiotics on the immune status and gut microbiota of weaning piglets and how the probiotics exert their impact are still limited.This study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 40(BA40)on the performance,immune status and gut microbiota of piglets.A total of 12 litters of newborn piglets were randomly divided into 3 groups.Piglets in control group were orally dosed with phosphate buffered saline;BA40 group and probiotics group were orally gavaged with resuspension BA40 and a probiotics product,respectively.The results showed that BA40 treatment significantly decreased(P<0.05)the diarrhea incidence(from d 5 to 40),diamine oxidase,D-lactate,interleukin(IL)-1βand interferon-γconcentrations compared with control group and probiotics group.Meanwhile BA40 dramatically increased the total antioxidant capacity,IL-10 and secretory immunoglobulin-A concentrations in contrast to control group.For the microbial composition,BA40 modulated the microbiota by improving the abundance of Bacteroides,Phascolarctobacterium(producing short-chain fatty acids)and Desulfovibrio and reducing the proliferation of pathogens(Streptococcus,Tyzzerella,Vellionella and paraeggerthella).Meanwhile,a metabolic function prediction explained that carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism enriched in BA40 group in contrast to control group and probiotics group.For correlation analysis,the results demonstrated that BA40-enriched Phascolarctobacterium and Desulfovibrio provide insights into strategies for elevating the health status and performance of weaned piglets.Altogether,BA40 exerted stronger ability in decreasing diarrhea incidence and improved antioxidant activity,gut barrier function and immune status of piglets than the other treatments.Our study provided the experimental and theoretical basis for the application of BA40 in pig production.展开更多
The growth and metabolism of microbial communities on biologically activated carbon(BAC) play a crucial role in the purification of drinking water.To gain insight into the growth and metabolic characteristics of micro...The growth and metabolism of microbial communities on biologically activated carbon(BAC) play a crucial role in the purification of drinking water.To gain insight into the growth and metabolic characteristics of microbial communities and the efficiency of drinking water treatment in a BAC filter,we analyzed the heterotrophic plate count(HPC),phospholipid,dehydrogenase,metabolic function and water quality parameters during start-up and steady-state periods.In the start-up process of the filter with natural biofilm colonization,the variation in heterotrophic plate count levels was S-curved.The total phospholipid level was very low during the first 5 days and reached a maximum value after 40 days in the filter.The activity of dehydrogenase gradually increased during the first 30 days and then reached a plateau.The functional diversity of the microbial community in the filter increased,and then reached a relatively stable level by day 40.After an initial decrease,which was followed by an increase,the removal rate of NH4+-N and COD Mn became stable and was 80% and 28%,respectively,by day 40.The consumption rate of dissolved oxygen reached a steady level after 29 days,and remained at 18%.At the steady operation state,the levels of HPC,phospholipid,dehydrogenase activity and carbon source utilization had no significant differences after 6 months compared to levels measured on day 40.The filter was shown to be effective in removing NH4+-N,NO2--N,COD Mn,UV 254,biodegradable dissolved organic carbon and trace organic pollutants from the influent.Our results suggest that understanding changes in the growth and metabolism of microorganisms in BAC filter could help to improve the efficiency of biological treatment of drinking water.展开更多
Microplastics are a new type of environmental pollutant,and pose a serious threat to soil ecosystems.It is important to study microplastics effects on soil microorganisms to better understand their effects on terrestr...Microplastics are a new type of environmental pollutant,and pose a serious threat to soil ecosystems.It is important to study microplastics effects on soil microorganisms to better understand their effects on terrestrial ecosystems.Therefore,we collected soil and microplastic samples from corn,pepper,peanut and cucumber fields in Shunyi District,Beijing,China,and used Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze bacterial and fungal community composition and diversity.We focused on microplastic surface and its surrounding“rhizosphere-like”soil in the 0e10 cm(humus)and 10e20 cm(eluvial)deep horizons.Microbial richness and diversity on microplastic surface were significantly lower than those in surrounding“rhizosphere-like”soil,and microbial richness and diversity were reduced to a greater extent in the humus horizon than in the eluvial horizon.Microplastics likely enriched the microbes involved in their biodegradation.The relative abundance levels of Cyanobacteria and Basidiomycota on microplastic surfaces were significantly higher than those in surrounding“rhizosphere-like”soil,while the relative abundance levels of Acidobacteria,Chloreflexi,and Mortierellomycota were higher in“rhizosphere-like”soil.Furthermore,the relative abundance levels of pathways related to human diseases,animal pathogen,and fungal parasites were significantly higher on microplastic surfaces than in“rhizosphere-like”soil.These results show that the microbial diversity,richness,community structure and function between microplastic surfaces and surrounding“rhizosphere-like”soil are significantly different,leading to a“rhizosphere-like neighbor avoidance effect”between microplastic surfaces and the surrounding soil.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2021YFC3201504)the National Natural Science Foundations of China (No.52000140)the Social Development Program of Science and Technology Committee Foundations of Shanghai (No.22dz1209200)。
文摘Mainstream partial nitritation-anammox(PNA)process easily suffers from performance instability and even reactor collapse in application.Thus,it is of great significance to unveil the characteristic of performance recovery,understand the intrinsic mechanism and then propose operational strategy.In this study,we combined long-term reactor operation,batch tests,and metagenomics to reveal the succession of microbial community and functional metabolism variation from system collapse to recovery.Proper aeration control(0.10-0.25mg O_(2)/L)was critical for performance recovery.It was also found that Candidatus Brocadia became the dominant flora and its abundance increased from 3.5%to 11.0%.Significant enhancements in carbon metabolism and phospholipid biosynthesis were observed during system recovery,and the genes abundance related to signal transduction was dramatically increased.The up-regulation of sdh and suc genes showed the processes of succinate dehydrogenation and succinyl-CoA synthesis might stimulate the production of amino acids and the synthesis of proteins,thereby possibly improving the activity and abundance of AnAOB,which was conducive to the performance recovery.Moreover,the increase in abundance of hzs and hdh genes suggested the enhancement of the anammox process.Changes in the abundance of key genes involved in nitrogen metabolism indicated that nitrogen removal pathway was more diverse after system recovery.The achievement of performance recovery was driven by anammox,nitrification and denitrification coupled with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.These results provide deeper insights into the recovery mechanism of PNA system and also provide a potential regulation strategy for the stable operation of the mainstream PNA process.
基金supported by the Cooperation Project of Luzhou Laojiao Co.,Ltd.Sichuan University (21H0997)。
文摘The quality and aroma of strong-flavor Baijiu are mainly dependent on Daqu,pit mud(PM),and the interaction of both.However,little is known about how their combination patterns affect the microbiome and metabolome of Zaopei,especially the metabolic function of rare taxa.Here,an experiment on industrial size was designed to assess the effects of 6 combinations(3 kinds of Daqu×2 kinds of PM)on the composition and assembly of different taxa,as well as the flavor profile.The results showed that Zaopei's microbiota was composed of a few abundant taxa and enormous rare taxa,and rare bacterial and abundant fungal subcommunities were significantly affected by combination patterns.The assembly processes of abundant/rare taxa and bacterial/fungal communities were distinct,and environmental changes mediated the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes in rare bacteria assembly.Furthermore,specific combination patterns improved the flavor quality of Zaopei by enhancing the interspecies interaction,which was closely related to rare taxa,especially rare bacteria.These findings highlighted that rare bacteria might be the keystone in involving community interaction and maintaining metabolic function,which provided a scientific foundation for better understanding and regulating the brewing microbiota from the viewpoint of microbial ecology.
文摘Objective To compare the effects of combined en bloc liver - pancreas transplantation ( LPT) with portal vein drainage and simultaneous combined kidney - pancreas transplantation ( KPT) with systemic venous drainage on the pancreatic endocrine function and related me-
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(1122yb065)the Program for Leading Talent in Fujian Provincial University(660160190)。
文摘This study was to investigate the structure and rat fecal microbial fermentation properties of a polysaccharide fraction(PHP2)isolated from the red marine alga Porphyra haitanensis.PHP2 was characterized as a sulfated glucogalactan,with a hypothetical backbone structure of→4)Gα(1→6)G4 Sβ(1→4)Glc(1→and a side chain of Man(1→6)Glc.PHP2 had an irregular spherical chain conformation.The 16 S r RNA sequence analysis revealed that PHP2 modulated the rat fecal micro-flora composition,with a similar effect to inulin,changing the dominant genus(Lactobacillus and Escherichia-Shigella)and promoting the growth of organisms that degrade sulfur-containing polysaccharides,such as Desulfovibrio,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005,and Ruminococcus_2.PHP2 can promote production of acetic,propionic and butyric acid by rat fecal micro-flora.Prediction of metabolic function suggested that PHP2 could modulate cholesterol metabolism.The sulfated glucogalactan fermentation behavior may be associated with its monosaccharide composition,chain branching and chain conformation.PHP2 appeared to have considerable potential as functional food,and was associated with sulfur-containing polysaccharides in general.
文摘More than five years ago,the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection was revolutionized with the introduction of all-oral direct-acting antiviral(DAA)drugs.They proved highly efficient in curing patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC),including patients with cirrhosis.The new DAA treatments were alleged to induce significant improvements in clinical outcome and prognosis,but the exact cause of the expected benefit was unclear.Further,little was known about how the underlying liver disease would be affected during and after viral clearance.In this review,we describe and discuss the liver-related effects of the new treatments in regards to both pathophysiological aspects,such as macrophage activation,and the time-dependent effects of therapy,with specific emphasis on inflammation,structural liver changes,and liver function,as these factors are all related to morbidity and mortality in CHC patients.It seems clear that antiviral therapy,especially the achievement of a sustained virologic response has several beneficial effects on liver-related parameters in CHC patients with advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.There seems to be a timedependent effect of DAA therapy with viral clearance and the resolution of liver inflammation followed by more discrete changes in structural liver lesions.These improvements lead to favorable effects on liver function,followed by an improvement in cognitive dysfunction and portal hypertension.Overall,the data provide knowledge on the several beneficial effects of DAA therapy on liverrelated parameters in CHC patients suggesting short-and long-term improvements in the underlying disease with the promise of an improved longterm prognosis.
基金This research was supported by the fund from Science and Technology Projects of Zhejiang(2021C02008,CTZB-2020080127)China Agricultural Research System(CARS-35)National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs.
文摘Probiotics can improve animal growth performance and intestinal health.Bacillus species,Lactobacillus species,Bifidobacterium species,yeast etc.are the common types of probiotics.However,understanding the effects of probiotics on the immune status and gut microbiota of weaning piglets and how the probiotics exert their impact are still limited.This study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 40(BA40)on the performance,immune status and gut microbiota of piglets.A total of 12 litters of newborn piglets were randomly divided into 3 groups.Piglets in control group were orally dosed with phosphate buffered saline;BA40 group and probiotics group were orally gavaged with resuspension BA40 and a probiotics product,respectively.The results showed that BA40 treatment significantly decreased(P<0.05)the diarrhea incidence(from d 5 to 40),diamine oxidase,D-lactate,interleukin(IL)-1βand interferon-γconcentrations compared with control group and probiotics group.Meanwhile BA40 dramatically increased the total antioxidant capacity,IL-10 and secretory immunoglobulin-A concentrations in contrast to control group.For the microbial composition,BA40 modulated the microbiota by improving the abundance of Bacteroides,Phascolarctobacterium(producing short-chain fatty acids)and Desulfovibrio and reducing the proliferation of pathogens(Streptococcus,Tyzzerella,Vellionella and paraeggerthella).Meanwhile,a metabolic function prediction explained that carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism enriched in BA40 group in contrast to control group and probiotics group.For correlation analysis,the results demonstrated that BA40-enriched Phascolarctobacterium and Desulfovibrio provide insights into strategies for elevating the health status and performance of weaned piglets.Altogether,BA40 exerted stronger ability in decreasing diarrhea incidence and improved antioxidant activity,gut barrier function and immune status of piglets than the other treatments.Our study provided the experimental and theoretical basis for the application of BA40 in pig production.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China (No.2008AA06A412)the National Key Projects of Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2008ZX07421-004)
文摘The growth and metabolism of microbial communities on biologically activated carbon(BAC) play a crucial role in the purification of drinking water.To gain insight into the growth and metabolic characteristics of microbial communities and the efficiency of drinking water treatment in a BAC filter,we analyzed the heterotrophic plate count(HPC),phospholipid,dehydrogenase,metabolic function and water quality parameters during start-up and steady-state periods.In the start-up process of the filter with natural biofilm colonization,the variation in heterotrophic plate count levels was S-curved.The total phospholipid level was very low during the first 5 days and reached a maximum value after 40 days in the filter.The activity of dehydrogenase gradually increased during the first 30 days and then reached a plateau.The functional diversity of the microbial community in the filter increased,and then reached a relatively stable level by day 40.After an initial decrease,which was followed by an increase,the removal rate of NH4+-N and COD Mn became stable and was 80% and 28%,respectively,by day 40.The consumption rate of dissolved oxygen reached a steady level after 29 days,and remained at 18%.At the steady operation state,the levels of HPC,phospholipid,dehydrogenase activity and carbon source utilization had no significant differences after 6 months compared to levels measured on day 40.The filter was shown to be effective in removing NH4+-N,NO2--N,COD Mn,UV 254,biodegradable dissolved organic carbon and trace organic pollutants from the influent.Our results suggest that understanding changes in the growth and metabolism of microorganisms in BAC filter could help to improve the efficiency of biological treatment of drinking water.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC1909502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41977030)+1 种基金the Joint Research Project for the Yangtze River Conservation(Phase I)(No.2019-LHYJ-01-0206)the Departmental Budget Project of Ministry of Ecology and Environment(No.144026000000200026).
文摘Microplastics are a new type of environmental pollutant,and pose a serious threat to soil ecosystems.It is important to study microplastics effects on soil microorganisms to better understand their effects on terrestrial ecosystems.Therefore,we collected soil and microplastic samples from corn,pepper,peanut and cucumber fields in Shunyi District,Beijing,China,and used Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze bacterial and fungal community composition and diversity.We focused on microplastic surface and its surrounding“rhizosphere-like”soil in the 0e10 cm(humus)and 10e20 cm(eluvial)deep horizons.Microbial richness and diversity on microplastic surface were significantly lower than those in surrounding“rhizosphere-like”soil,and microbial richness and diversity were reduced to a greater extent in the humus horizon than in the eluvial horizon.Microplastics likely enriched the microbes involved in their biodegradation.The relative abundance levels of Cyanobacteria and Basidiomycota on microplastic surfaces were significantly higher than those in surrounding“rhizosphere-like”soil,while the relative abundance levels of Acidobacteria,Chloreflexi,and Mortierellomycota were higher in“rhizosphere-like”soil.Furthermore,the relative abundance levels of pathways related to human diseases,animal pathogen,and fungal parasites were significantly higher on microplastic surfaces than in“rhizosphere-like”soil.These results show that the microbial diversity,richness,community structure and function between microplastic surfaces and surrounding“rhizosphere-like”soil are significantly different,leading to a“rhizosphere-like neighbor avoidance effect”between microplastic surfaces and the surrounding soil.
