Non-invasive cerebral neuromodulation technologies are essential for the reorganization of cerebral neural networks,which have been widely applied in the field of central neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson...Non-invasive cerebral neuromodulation technologies are essential for the reorganization of cerebral neural networks,which have been widely applied in the field of central neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson’s disease,and mental disorders.Although significant advances have been made in neuromodulation technologies,the identification of optimal neurostimulation paramete rs including the co rtical target,duration,and inhibition or excitation pattern is still limited due to the lack of guidance for neural circuits.Moreove r,the neural mechanism unde rlying neuromodulation for improved behavioral performance remains poorly understood.Recently,advancements in neuroimaging have provided insight into neuromodulation techniques.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy,as a novel non-invasive optical brain imaging method,can detect brain activity by measuring cerebral hemodynamics with the advantages of portability,high motion tole rance,and anti-electromagnetic interference.Coupling functional near-infra red spectroscopy with neuromodulation technologies offe rs an opportunity to monitor the cortical response,provide realtime feedbac k,and establish a closed-loop strategy integrating evaluation,feedbac k,and intervention for neurostimulation,which provides a theoretical basis for development of individualized precise neuro rehabilitation.We aimed to summarize the advantages of functional near-infra red spectroscopy and provide an ove rview of the current research on functional near-infrared spectroscopy in transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial electrical stimulation,neurofeedback,and braincomputer interfaces.Furthermore,the future perspectives and directions for the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in neuromodulation are summarized.In conclusion,functional near-infrared spectroscopy combined with neuromodulation may promote the optimization of central pellral reorganization to achieve better functional recovery form central nervous system diseases.展开更多
After stroke,even high-functioning individuals may experience compromised bimanual coordination and fine motor dexterity,leading to reduced functional independence.Bilateral arm training has been proposed as a promisi...After stroke,even high-functioning individuals may experience compromised bimanual coordination and fine motor dexterity,leading to reduced functional independence.Bilateral arm training has been proposed as a promising intervention to address these deficits.However,the neural basis of the impairment of functional fine motor skills and their relationship to bimanual coordination performance in stroke patients remains unclear,limiting the development of more targeted interventions.To address this gap,our study employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate cortical responses in patients after stroke as they perform functional tasks that engage fine motor control and coordination.Twenty-four high-functioning patients with ischemic stroke(7 women,17 men;mean age 64.75±10.84 years)participated in this cross-sectional observational study and completed four subtasks from the Purdue Pegboard Test,which measures unimanual and bimanual finger and hand dexterity.We found significant bilateral activation of the sensorimotor cortices during all Purdue Pegboard Test subtasks,with bimanual tasks inducing higher cortical activation than the assembly subtask.Importantly,patients with better bimanual coordination exhibited lower cortical activation during the other three Purdue Pegboard Test subtasks.Notably,the observed neural response patterns varied depending on the specific subtask.In the unaffected hand task,the differences were primarily observed in the ipsilesional hemisphere.In contrast,the bilateral sensorimotor cortices and the contralesional hemisphere played a more prominent role in the bimanual task and assembly task,respectively.While significant correlations were found between cortical activation and unimanual tasks,no significant correlations were observed with bimanual tasks.This study provides insights into the neural basis of bimanual coordination and fine motor skills in high-functioning patients after stroke,highlighting task-dependent neural responses.The findings also suggest that patients who exhibit better bimanual performance demonstrate more efficient cortical activation.Therefore,incorporating bilateral arm training in post-stroke rehabilitation is important for better outcomes.The combination of functional near-infrared spectroscopy with functional motor paradigms is valuable for assessing skills and developing targeted interventions in stroke rehabilitation.展开更多
Brain oscillations are vital to cognitive functions,while disrupted oscillatory activity is linked to various brain disorders.Although high-frequency neural oscillations(>1 Hz)have been extensively studied in cogni...Brain oscillations are vital to cognitive functions,while disrupted oscillatory activity is linked to various brain disorders.Although high-frequency neural oscillations(>1 Hz)have been extensively studied in cognition,the neural mechanisms underlying low-frequency hemodynamic oscillations(LFHO)<1 Hz have not yet been fully explored.One way to examine oscillatory neural dynamics is to use a facial expression(FE)paradigm to induce steady-state visual evoked potentials(SSVEPs),which has been used in electroencephalography studies of high-frequency brain oscillation activity.In this study,LFHO during SSVEP-inducing periodic flickering stimuli presentation were inspected using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS),in which hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortex were recorded while participants were passively viewing dynamic FEs flickering at 0.2 Hz.The fast Fourier analysis results demonstrated that the power exhibited monochronic peaks at 0.2 Hz across all channels,indicating that the periodic events successfully elicited LFHO in the prefrontal cortex.More importantly,measurement of LFHO can effectively distinguish the brain activation difference between different cognitive conditions,with happy FE presentation showing greater LFHO power than neutral FE presentation.These results demonstrate that stimuli flashing at a given frequency can induce LFHO in the prefrontal cortex,which provides new insights into the cognitive mechanisms involved in slow oscillation.展开更多
We characterize the hemodynamic response changes in the main olfactory bulb(MOB)of anesthetized rats with near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)during the presentation of three different odorants:(i)plain air as a reference...We characterize the hemodynamic response changes in the main olfactory bulb(MOB)of anesthetized rats with near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)during the presentation of three different odorants:(i)plain air as a reference(Blank),(ii) 2-heptanone(HEP),and(iii)isopropylbenzene(Ib).Odorants generate different changes in the concentrations of oxyhemoglobin.Our results suggest that NIRS technology might be useful in discriminating various odorants in a non-invasive manner using animals with a superb olfactory system.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate neuronal mechanisms active during the percep-tion of forward postural limits in a standing po-sition and to specify fall-related brain activity using optical functional nea...The purpose of this study was to investigate neuronal mechanisms active during the percep-tion of forward postural limits in a standing po-sition and to specify fall-related brain activity using optical functional near-infrared spectros-copy. The study group included six right-handed, healthy female volunteers (range: 19, 20 years). The optical imaging device comprised 16 opto-des designed to provide 24-channel recording of changes in hemoglobin oxygenation. We meas-ured the changes of oxygenated hemoglobin levels in the frontal region when subjects per-ceived reachability in a standing position. Com- pared with those in other regions, the oxygen-ated hemoglobin levels in the right frontal region compatible with the right prefrontal cortex sig-nificantly increased. This result suggests that brain activities in the right prefrontal cortex are related to perception of reachability. Overesti-mation of postural limits has been reported as one of the risk factor for falling. This overesti-mation might be induced by dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex, resulting in a failure to inhibit a motor program that would have caused a loss of balance in reaching. Activation of the right prefrontal cortex may be a key factor for pre-venting accidental falls in the elderly and in pa-tients with neurological disorders.展开更多
It remains unclear whether language tasks in one's first(L1) or second(L2) language can cause stress responses and whether frontal, autonomic and behavioral responses to stressful tasks are correlated. In this stu...It remains unclear whether language tasks in one's first(L1) or second(L2) language can cause stress responses and whether frontal, autonomic and behavioral responses to stressful tasks are correlated. In this study, we studied 22 Chinese subjects whose L2 was English and measured the cerebral blood oxygenation in their frontal lobe by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) as participants engaged in a mental arithmetic task(MAT) and verbal fluency tasks(VFTs) in L1(Chinese) and L2(English). To examine the activated cortical areas, we estimated the channel location based on Montreal Neurological Institute(MNI) standard brain space by using a probabilistic estimation method. We evaluated heart rate(HR) changes to analyze autonomic nervous system(ANS) functioning. We found that the MAT and VFTs induced greater increases in HR than did the control(Ctrl) task. Furthermore, subjects developed greater increases in HR in the MAT and VFTL2 than they did in the VFTL1. Compared with the Ctrl task, the MAT and both VFTL1 and VFTL2 produced robust and widespread bilateral activation of the frontal cortex. Interestingly, partial correlation analysis indicated that the activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus(LIFG) [Brodmann's area(BA) 47] was consistently correlated with the increases in HR across the three tasks(MAT, VFTL2, and VFTL1), after controlling for the performance data. The present results suggested that a VFT in L2 may be more stressful than in L1. The LIFG may affect the activation of the sympathetic system induced by stressful tasks, including MATs and VFTs.展开更多
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)is a technique of detecting cerebral cortical function by using near-infrared light,which is a multifunctional neuroimaging technique and provides a convenient and efficient...Functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)is a technique of detecting cerebral cortical function by using near-infrared light,which is a multifunctional neuroimaging technique and provides a convenient and efficient detection method in neuroscience.In consideration of acceptability,safety,high spatial and temporal resolutions compared with electroencephalogram(EEG)and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),fNIRS is widely used to study different psychiatric disorders,most prominently affective disorders,schizophrenic illnesses,brain organic mental disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders,etc.The article focuses on the latest research progress and practical application of fNIRS in psychiatric disorders,especially traumatic brain,including studies on the characterization of phenomenology,treatment effects and descriptions of neuroimaging data.展开更多
Preterm infants are vulnerable to brain injuries,and have a greater chance of experiencing neurodevelopmental disorders throughout development. Early screening for motor and cognitive functions is critical to assessin...Preterm infants are vulnerable to brain injuries,and have a greater chance of experiencing neurodevelopmental disorders throughout development. Early screening for motor and cognitive functions is critical to assessing the developmental trajectory in preterm infants, especially those who may have motor or cognitive deficits. The brain imaging technology functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) is a portable and low-cost method of assessing cerebral hemodynamics, making it suitable for large-scale use even in remote and underdeveloped areas. In this article, we review peer-reviewed, scientific f NIRS studies of motor performance, speech perception, and facial recognition in preterm infants. f NIRS provides a link between hemodynamic activity and the development of brain functions in preterm infants. Research using fNIRS has shown different patterns of hemoglobin change during some behavioral tasks in early infancy. fNIRS helps to promote our understanding of the developmental mechanisms of brain function in preterm infants when performing motor or cognitive tasks in a less-restricted environment.展开更多
Glycogen,amino acids,fatty acids,and other nutrient components affect the flavor and nutritional quality of oysters.Methods based on near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS)were developed to rapidly and proximatel...Glycogen,amino acids,fatty acids,and other nutrient components affect the flavor and nutritional quality of oysters.Methods based on near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS)were developed to rapidly and proximately determine the nutrient content of the Pacific oyster Crassostreagigas.Samples of C.gigas from 19 costal sites were freeze-dried,ground,and scanned for spectral data collection using a Fourier transform NIR spectrometer(Thermo Fisher Scientific).NIRS models of glycogen and other nutrients were established using partial least squares,multiplication scattering correction first-order derivation,and Norris smoothing.The R_(C) values of the glycogen,fatty acids,amino acids,and taurine NIRS models were 0.9678,0.9312,0.9132,and 0.8928,respectively,and the residual prediction deviation(RPD)values of these components were 3.15,2.16,3.11,and 1.59,respectively,indicating a high correlation between the predicted and observed values,and that the models can be used in practice.The models were used to evaluate the nutrient compositions of 1278 oyster samples.Glycogen content was found to be positively correlated with fatty acids and negatively correlated with amino acids.The glycogen,amino acid,and taurine levels of C.gigas cultured in the subtidal and intertidal zones were also significantly different.This study suggests that C.gigas NIRS models can be a cost-effective alternative to traditional methods for the rapid and proximate analysis of various slaughter traits and may also contribute to future genetic and breeding-related studies in Pacific oysters.展开更多
The deficiency theories of dyslexia are quite contradictory and the cross-cultural studies in recent years mainly focused on whether the dyslexics among cultures shared the same cognitive profile or just based on the ...The deficiency theories of dyslexia are quite contradictory and the cross-cultural studies in recent years mainly focused on whether the dyslexics among cultures shared the same cognitive profile or just based on the language.This study used Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) imaging to measure the regional cerebral blood volume (BV) and the changes of cerebral activation in the left prefrontal cortex of 12 Chinese dyslexic children and their 12 age-matched normal controls during the Paced Vis-ual Serial Addition Test (PVSAT).Results showed that the scores of PVSAT of dyslexic children were significantly lower than those of the normal children (t=3.33,P<0.01).The activations of the left pre-frontal cortex in the normal group were significantly greater than those of dyslexic children (all P<0.01).Our results indicated that Chinese dyslexia had a general deficiency in working memory and this may be caused by the abnormal metabolic activity of brain blood volume in the left prefrontal cortex and the deficits in brain function might be the basis of neuropathology of Chinese dyslexia.Present study sup-ports the difference on brain activation of dyslexics from different languages may be caused by the same cognitive system related to reading.展开更多
One of the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is social disorder. The specificity of facial and expression recognition for people with ASD is gathering attention as a factor of this social disorder. The...One of the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is social disorder. The specificity of facial and expression recognition for people with ASD is gathering attention as a factor of this social disorder. The study examined the hemodynamic activities in the prefrontal cortex using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) when a person with ASD performed an expression recognition task. The subjects were twenty males (18 - 22 years old) with ASD and without intellectual disabilities. Forty-five healthy males matched for age and sex were included as a control group. In both groups, the degree of autistic tendencies was evaluated using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Using eight standard emotional expressions of Japanese people, two expression recognition tasks were set. An NIRS was used to measure the prefrontal cortex blood mobilization during the expression-processing process. The AQ was significantly higher in the ASD group, while the rate of overall correct expression response was significantly lower (p ρ= −0.40 p < 0.001). In the automatic expression-processing task, no activation in the prefrontal cortex was found in either the ASD or the control group. In the conscious expression-processing task, the activation of the left and right lateral prefrontal cortex was weaker in the ASD group compared to the control group. Unlike in the control group, a mild activation of posterior prefrontal cortex was found in the ASD group. The expression-processing process of the ASD group was found to be different from that of the control group. NIRS was effective in detecting a brain function disorder in people with ASD during an expression-processing process.展开更多
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics techniques was used to classify the pure bayberry juice and the one adulterated with 10% (w/w) and 20% (w/w) water. Principal component analysis (PCA) was ap...Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics techniques was used to classify the pure bayberry juice and the one adulterated with 10% (w/w) and 20% (w/w) water. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimensions of spectral data, give information regarding a potential capability of separation of objects, and provide principal component (PC) scores for radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN). RBFNN was used to detect bayberry juice adulterant. Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and standard normal variate (SNV) transformation were used to preprocess spectra. The results demonstrate that PC-RBFNN with optimum parameters can separate pure bayberry juice samples from water-adulterated bayberry at a recognition rate of 97.62%, but cannot clearly detect water levels in the adulterated bayberry juice. We conclude that NIR technology can be successfully applied to detect water-adulterated bayberry juice.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) non-invasively monitors muscle tissue oxygen saturation(St O2). It may provide a continuous noninvasive measurement to identify occult hypoperfusion, guide resuscitation, a...BACKGROUND: Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) non-invasively monitors muscle tissue oxygen saturation(St O2). It may provide a continuous noninvasive measurement to identify occult hypoperfusion, guide resuscitation, and predict the development of multiple organ dysfunction(MOD) after severe trauma. We evaluated the correlation between initial St O2 and the development of MOD in multi-trauma patients.METHODS: Patients presenting to our urban, academic, Level I Trauma Center/Emergency Department and meeting standardized trauma-team activation criteria were enrolled in this prospective trial. NIRS monitoring was initiated immediately on arrival with collection of St O2 at the thenar eminence and continued up to 24 hours for those admitted to the Trauma Intensive Care Unit(TICU). Standardized resuscitation laboratory measures and clinical evaluation tools were collected. The primary outcome was the association between initial St O2 and the development of MOD within the f irst 24 hours based on a MOD score of 6 or greater. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed; numeric means, multivariate regression and rank sum comparisons were utilized. Clinicians were blinded from the StO 2 values.RESULTS: Over a 14 month period, 78 patients were enrolled. Mean age was 40.9 years(SD 18.2), 84.4% were male, 76.9% had a blunt trauma mechanism and mean injury severity score(ISS) was 18.5(SD 12.9). Of the 78 patients, 26(33.3%) developed MOD within the first 24 hours. The MOD patients had mean initial St O2 values of 53.3(SD 10.3), signifi cantly lower than those of nonMOD patients 61.1(SD 10.0); P=0.002. The mean ISS among MOD patients was 29.9(SD 11.5), significantly higher than that of non-MODS patients, 12.1(SD 9.1)(P<0.0001). The mean shock index(SI) among MOD patients was 0.92(SD 0.28), also signifi cantly higher than that of non-MODS patients, 0.73(SD 0.19)(P=0.0007). Lactate values were not signifi cantly different between groups.CONCLUSION: Non-invasive, continuous St O2 near-infrared spectroscopy values during initial trauma resuscitation correlate with the later development of multiple organ dysfunction in this patient population.展开更多
文摘Non-invasive cerebral neuromodulation technologies are essential for the reorganization of cerebral neural networks,which have been widely applied in the field of central neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson’s disease,and mental disorders.Although significant advances have been made in neuromodulation technologies,the identification of optimal neurostimulation paramete rs including the co rtical target,duration,and inhibition or excitation pattern is still limited due to the lack of guidance for neural circuits.Moreove r,the neural mechanism unde rlying neuromodulation for improved behavioral performance remains poorly understood.Recently,advancements in neuroimaging have provided insight into neuromodulation techniques.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy,as a novel non-invasive optical brain imaging method,can detect brain activity by measuring cerebral hemodynamics with the advantages of portability,high motion tole rance,and anti-electromagnetic interference.Coupling functional near-infra red spectroscopy with neuromodulation technologies offe rs an opportunity to monitor the cortical response,provide realtime feedbac k,and establish a closed-loop strategy integrating evaluation,feedbac k,and intervention for neurostimulation,which provides a theoretical basis for development of individualized precise neuro rehabilitation.We aimed to summarize the advantages of functional near-infra red spectroscopy and provide an ove rview of the current research on functional near-infrared spectroscopy in transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial electrical stimulation,neurofeedback,and braincomputer interfaces.Furthermore,the future perspectives and directions for the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in neuromodulation are summarized.In conclusion,functional near-infrared spectroscopy combined with neuromodulation may promote the optimization of central pellral reorganization to achieve better functional recovery form central nervous system diseases.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2020YFC2004202(to DX).
文摘After stroke,even high-functioning individuals may experience compromised bimanual coordination and fine motor dexterity,leading to reduced functional independence.Bilateral arm training has been proposed as a promising intervention to address these deficits.However,the neural basis of the impairment of functional fine motor skills and their relationship to bimanual coordination performance in stroke patients remains unclear,limiting the development of more targeted interventions.To address this gap,our study employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate cortical responses in patients after stroke as they perform functional tasks that engage fine motor control and coordination.Twenty-four high-functioning patients with ischemic stroke(7 women,17 men;mean age 64.75±10.84 years)participated in this cross-sectional observational study and completed four subtasks from the Purdue Pegboard Test,which measures unimanual and bimanual finger and hand dexterity.We found significant bilateral activation of the sensorimotor cortices during all Purdue Pegboard Test subtasks,with bimanual tasks inducing higher cortical activation than the assembly subtask.Importantly,patients with better bimanual coordination exhibited lower cortical activation during the other three Purdue Pegboard Test subtasks.Notably,the observed neural response patterns varied depending on the specific subtask.In the unaffected hand task,the differences were primarily observed in the ipsilesional hemisphere.In contrast,the bilateral sensorimotor cortices and the contralesional hemisphere played a more prominent role in the bimanual task and assembly task,respectively.While significant correlations were found between cortical activation and unimanual tasks,no significant correlations were observed with bimanual tasks.This study provides insights into the neural basis of bimanual coordination and fine motor skills in high-functioning patients after stroke,highlighting task-dependent neural responses.The findings also suggest that patients who exhibit better bimanual performance demonstrate more efficient cortical activation.Therefore,incorporating bilateral arm training in post-stroke rehabilitation is important for better outcomes.The combination of functional near-infrared spectroscopy with functional motor paradigms is valuable for assessing skills and developing targeted interventions in stroke rehabilitation.
基金University of Macao,Nos.MYRG2019-00082-FHS and MYRG2018-00081-FHSMacao Science and Technology Development Fund,No.FDCT 025/2015/A1 and FDCT 0011/2018/A1.
文摘Brain oscillations are vital to cognitive functions,while disrupted oscillatory activity is linked to various brain disorders.Although high-frequency neural oscillations(>1 Hz)have been extensively studied in cognition,the neural mechanisms underlying low-frequency hemodynamic oscillations(LFHO)<1 Hz have not yet been fully explored.One way to examine oscillatory neural dynamics is to use a facial expression(FE)paradigm to induce steady-state visual evoked potentials(SSVEPs),which has been used in electroencephalography studies of high-frequency brain oscillation activity.In this study,LFHO during SSVEP-inducing periodic flickering stimuli presentation were inspected using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS),in which hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortex were recorded while participants were passively viewing dynamic FEs flickering at 0.2 Hz.The fast Fourier analysis results demonstrated that the power exhibited monochronic peaks at 0.2 Hz across all channels,indicating that the periodic events successfully elicited LFHO in the prefrontal cortex.More importantly,measurement of LFHO can effectively distinguish the brain activation difference between different cognitive conditions,with happy FE presentation showing greater LFHO power than neutral FE presentation.These results demonstrate that stimuli flashing at a given frequency can induce LFHO in the prefrontal cortex,which provides new insights into the cognitive mechanisms involved in slow oscillation.
基金The MKE(The Ministry of Knowledge Economy),Korea,under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)support program supervised by the NIPA(National IT Industry Promotion Agency) (NIPA-2012-H0301-12-2006)Brain Research Center(BRC)(2012K001127),The MKE(10033634-2012-21)National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(2012-0005787)
文摘We characterize the hemodynamic response changes in the main olfactory bulb(MOB)of anesthetized rats with near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)during the presentation of three different odorants:(i)plain air as a reference(Blank),(ii) 2-heptanone(HEP),and(iii)isopropylbenzene(Ib).Odorants generate different changes in the concentrations of oxyhemoglobin.Our results suggest that NIRS technology might be useful in discriminating various odorants in a non-invasive manner using animals with a superb olfactory system.
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate neuronal mechanisms active during the percep-tion of forward postural limits in a standing po-sition and to specify fall-related brain activity using optical functional near-infrared spectros-copy. The study group included six right-handed, healthy female volunteers (range: 19, 20 years). The optical imaging device comprised 16 opto-des designed to provide 24-channel recording of changes in hemoglobin oxygenation. We meas-ured the changes of oxygenated hemoglobin levels in the frontal region when subjects per-ceived reachability in a standing position. Com- pared with those in other regions, the oxygen-ated hemoglobin levels in the right frontal region compatible with the right prefrontal cortex sig-nificantly increased. This result suggests that brain activities in the right prefrontal cortex are related to perception of reachability. Overesti-mation of postural limits has been reported as one of the risk factor for falling. This overesti-mation might be induced by dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex, resulting in a failure to inhibit a motor program that would have caused a loss of balance in reaching. Activation of the right prefrontal cortex may be a key factor for pre-venting accidental falls in the elderly and in pa-tients with neurological disorders.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China("863"Program,No.2012AA020905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81171143)+1 种基金the Project of International Cooperation and Exchanges of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81161160570)the Zhou Dafu Medical Research Fund(No.202836019-03)
文摘It remains unclear whether language tasks in one's first(L1) or second(L2) language can cause stress responses and whether frontal, autonomic and behavioral responses to stressful tasks are correlated. In this study, we studied 22 Chinese subjects whose L2 was English and measured the cerebral blood oxygenation in their frontal lobe by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) as participants engaged in a mental arithmetic task(MAT) and verbal fluency tasks(VFTs) in L1(Chinese) and L2(English). To examine the activated cortical areas, we estimated the channel location based on Montreal Neurological Institute(MNI) standard brain space by using a probabilistic estimation method. We evaluated heart rate(HR) changes to analyze autonomic nervous system(ANS) functioning. We found that the MAT and VFTs induced greater increases in HR than did the control(Ctrl) task. Furthermore, subjects developed greater increases in HR in the MAT and VFTL2 than they did in the VFTL1. Compared with the Ctrl task, the MAT and both VFTL1 and VFTL2 produced robust and widespread bilateral activation of the frontal cortex. Interestingly, partial correlation analysis indicated that the activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus(LIFG) [Brodmann's area(BA) 47] was consistently correlated with the increases in HR across the three tasks(MAT, VFTL2, and VFTL1), after controlling for the performance data. The present results suggested that a VFT in L2 may be more stressful than in L1. The LIFG may affect the activation of the sympathetic system induced by stressful tasks, including MATs and VFTs.
文摘Functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)is a technique of detecting cerebral cortical function by using near-infrared light,which is a multifunctional neuroimaging technique and provides a convenient and efficient detection method in neuroscience.In consideration of acceptability,safety,high spatial and temporal resolutions compared with electroencephalogram(EEG)and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),fNIRS is widely used to study different psychiatric disorders,most prominently affective disorders,schizophrenic illnesses,brain organic mental disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders,etc.The article focuses on the latest research progress and practical application of fNIRS in psychiatric disorders,especially traumatic brain,including studies on the characterization of phenomenology,treatment effects and descriptions of neuroimaging data.
基金the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi’an Municipality,China(Y839S11D0Z)an Autonomous Deployment Project of Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y855W31213).
文摘Preterm infants are vulnerable to brain injuries,and have a greater chance of experiencing neurodevelopmental disorders throughout development. Early screening for motor and cognitive functions is critical to assessing the developmental trajectory in preterm infants, especially those who may have motor or cognitive deficits. The brain imaging technology functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) is a portable and low-cost method of assessing cerebral hemodynamics, making it suitable for large-scale use even in remote and underdeveloped areas. In this article, we review peer-reviewed, scientific f NIRS studies of motor performance, speech perception, and facial recognition in preterm infants. f NIRS provides a link between hemodynamic activity and the development of brain functions in preterm infants. Research using fNIRS has shown different patterns of hemoglobin change during some behavioral tasks in early infancy. fNIRS helps to promote our understanding of the developmental mechanisms of brain function in preterm infants when performing motor or cognitive tasks in a less-restricted environment.
基金Supported by the Shandong Province Key R&D Program Project(No.2021LZGC029)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.2019JZZY010813)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA24030105)the Qingdao Key Technology and Industrialization Demonstration Project(No.22-3-3-hygg-2-hy)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-49)。
文摘Glycogen,amino acids,fatty acids,and other nutrient components affect the flavor and nutritional quality of oysters.Methods based on near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS)were developed to rapidly and proximately determine the nutrient content of the Pacific oyster Crassostreagigas.Samples of C.gigas from 19 costal sites were freeze-dried,ground,and scanned for spectral data collection using a Fourier transform NIR spectrometer(Thermo Fisher Scientific).NIRS models of glycogen and other nutrients were established using partial least squares,multiplication scattering correction first-order derivation,and Norris smoothing.The R_(C) values of the glycogen,fatty acids,amino acids,and taurine NIRS models were 0.9678,0.9312,0.9132,and 0.8928,respectively,and the residual prediction deviation(RPD)values of these components were 3.15,2.16,3.11,and 1.59,respectively,indicating a high correlation between the predicted and observed values,and that the models can be used in practice.The models were used to evaluate the nutrient compositions of 1278 oyster samples.Glycogen content was found to be positively correlated with fatty acids and negatively correlated with amino acids.The glycogen,amino acid,and taurine levels of C.gigas cultured in the subtidal and intertidal zones were also significantly different.This study suggests that C.gigas NIRS models can be a cost-effective alternative to traditional methods for the rapid and proximate analysis of various slaughter traits and may also contribute to future genetic and breeding-related studies in Pacific oysters.
基金supported by a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30872132)
文摘The deficiency theories of dyslexia are quite contradictory and the cross-cultural studies in recent years mainly focused on whether the dyslexics among cultures shared the same cognitive profile or just based on the language.This study used Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) imaging to measure the regional cerebral blood volume (BV) and the changes of cerebral activation in the left prefrontal cortex of 12 Chinese dyslexic children and their 12 age-matched normal controls during the Paced Vis-ual Serial Addition Test (PVSAT).Results showed that the scores of PVSAT of dyslexic children were significantly lower than those of the normal children (t=3.33,P<0.01).The activations of the left pre-frontal cortex in the normal group were significantly greater than those of dyslexic children (all P<0.01).Our results indicated that Chinese dyslexia had a general deficiency in working memory and this may be caused by the abnormal metabolic activity of brain blood volume in the left prefrontal cortex and the deficits in brain function might be the basis of neuropathology of Chinese dyslexia.Present study sup-ports the difference on brain activation of dyslexics from different languages may be caused by the same cognitive system related to reading.
文摘One of the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is social disorder. The specificity of facial and expression recognition for people with ASD is gathering attention as a factor of this social disorder. The study examined the hemodynamic activities in the prefrontal cortex using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) when a person with ASD performed an expression recognition task. The subjects were twenty males (18 - 22 years old) with ASD and without intellectual disabilities. Forty-five healthy males matched for age and sex were included as a control group. In both groups, the degree of autistic tendencies was evaluated using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Using eight standard emotional expressions of Japanese people, two expression recognition tasks were set. An NIRS was used to measure the prefrontal cortex blood mobilization during the expression-processing process. The AQ was significantly higher in the ASD group, while the rate of overall correct expression response was significantly lower (p ρ= −0.40 p < 0.001). In the automatic expression-processing task, no activation in the prefrontal cortex was found in either the ASD or the control group. In the conscious expression-processing task, the activation of the left and right lateral prefrontal cortex was weaker in the ASD group compared to the control group. Unlike in the control group, a mild activation of posterior prefrontal cortex was found in the ASD group. The expression-processing process of the ASD group was found to be different from that of the control group. NIRS was effective in detecting a brain function disorder in people with ASD during an expression-processing process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 60778024 and 30825027)the National Basic Re-search Program (973) of China (No. 2006BAD11A12)
文摘Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics techniques was used to classify the pure bayberry juice and the one adulterated with 10% (w/w) and 20% (w/w) water. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimensions of spectral data, give information regarding a potential capability of separation of objects, and provide principal component (PC) scores for radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN). RBFNN was used to detect bayberry juice adulterant. Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and standard normal variate (SNV) transformation were used to preprocess spectra. The results demonstrate that PC-RBFNN with optimum parameters can separate pure bayberry juice samples from water-adulterated bayberry at a recognition rate of 97.62%, but cannot clearly detect water levels in the adulterated bayberry juice. We conclude that NIR technology can be successfully applied to detect water-adulterated bayberry juice.
文摘BACKGROUND: Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) non-invasively monitors muscle tissue oxygen saturation(St O2). It may provide a continuous noninvasive measurement to identify occult hypoperfusion, guide resuscitation, and predict the development of multiple organ dysfunction(MOD) after severe trauma. We evaluated the correlation between initial St O2 and the development of MOD in multi-trauma patients.METHODS: Patients presenting to our urban, academic, Level I Trauma Center/Emergency Department and meeting standardized trauma-team activation criteria were enrolled in this prospective trial. NIRS monitoring was initiated immediately on arrival with collection of St O2 at the thenar eminence and continued up to 24 hours for those admitted to the Trauma Intensive Care Unit(TICU). Standardized resuscitation laboratory measures and clinical evaluation tools were collected. The primary outcome was the association between initial St O2 and the development of MOD within the f irst 24 hours based on a MOD score of 6 or greater. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed; numeric means, multivariate regression and rank sum comparisons were utilized. Clinicians were blinded from the StO 2 values.RESULTS: Over a 14 month period, 78 patients were enrolled. Mean age was 40.9 years(SD 18.2), 84.4% were male, 76.9% had a blunt trauma mechanism and mean injury severity score(ISS) was 18.5(SD 12.9). Of the 78 patients, 26(33.3%) developed MOD within the first 24 hours. The MOD patients had mean initial St O2 values of 53.3(SD 10.3), signifi cantly lower than those of nonMOD patients 61.1(SD 10.0); P=0.002. The mean ISS among MOD patients was 29.9(SD 11.5), significantly higher than that of non-MODS patients, 12.1(SD 9.1)(P<0.0001). The mean shock index(SI) among MOD patients was 0.92(SD 0.28), also signifi cantly higher than that of non-MODS patients, 0.73(SD 0.19)(P=0.0007). Lactate values were not signifi cantly different between groups.CONCLUSION: Non-invasive, continuous St O2 near-infrared spectroscopy values during initial trauma resuscitation correlate with the later development of multiple organ dysfunction in this patient population.
