This study aims to explore the analgesic ingredients and mechanism of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil(CCEO).The constituents in CCEO were characterized qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Targets r...This study aims to explore the analgesic ingredients and mechanism of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil(CCEO).The constituents in CCEO were characterized qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Targets related to active ingredients were collected by PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction.Targets related to pain were screened by TTD and OMIM database,and compound-target network was established by Cytoscape software.Gene ontology(GO)function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis of targets were carried out by DAVID database.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was established and analyzed by STRING database.Molecular docking method was used to verify the interaction between main components and relevant core targets.A total of 13 compounds were identified in CCEO,and 58 related targets were predicted.GO function enrichment analysis revealed that the selected targets were mainly involved in biological processes such as chemical synaptic transmission and molecular function such as neurotransmitter receptor activity;24 signal pathways were screened by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,retrograde endocannabinoid signaling and calcium signaling pathway.Docking results showed that the main constituents had certain affinities with the key targets.The active ingredients in CCEO regulated multiple signaling pathways to ameliorate pain through AR,ACHE,ESR1,GABRG2,PTGS2 and PPARγ.展开更多
A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four kinds of estrogens(hexoestrol, diethylstilbestrol, estrone, and 17-beta-estradiol) in feed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). After the sa...A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four kinds of estrogens(hexoestrol, diethylstilbestrol, estrone, and 17-beta-estradiol) in feed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). After the sample was extracted by ethyl ether and cleaned-up on HLB phase extraction column, four kinds of estrogens were derived and quantified in gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The results showed that the linear detectable ranged from 2.5 ng·mL^(-1) to 250 ng·mL^(-1) for hexoestrol and from 5 ng·mL^(-1) to 500 ng·mL^(-1) for three other estrogens with the correlation coefficients(R^2) were no less than 0.990. The recoveries were in the range of 76.34%-96.33% and the relative standard deviation was no more than 22.7%. The limits of quantitation(LOQ) for all analytics were between 10 ug·kg^(-1) and 20 ug·kg^(-1).The method was accurate and sensitive and could meet the actual requirements for the analyses of feed samples.展开更多
In the first article of this series, we presented some evidence of hyperforin as an antibiotic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory substance. In the present article, evidence of the permeabilit...In the first article of this series, we presented some evidence of hyperforin as an antibiotic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory substance. In the present article, evidence of the permeability of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) to hyperforin and its distribution in other organs of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) are revealed. Seven-month-old male boars with a body mass of 100 kg were fed a diet containing hyperforin. Organs were surgically removed under anesthesia. Organs were suitable prepared and extracted, and then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with supersonic molecular beams (GC-MS with SMB). The presence of hyperforin was recorded in all organs and body fluids. Special attention was paid to the evaluation of the presence of hyperforin in the brain and testes of experimental animals. The presence of hyperforin in the brain and testes of experimental animals was established by GC-MS with SMB. The results are of interest because penicillin and numerous other antibiotics cannot pass through the BTB or BBB if healthy or non-inflamed, which limits their use in patients with meningitis and gonorrhea. The findings are also of interest in cases of penicillin- and multi-antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.展开更多
Nowadays,natural rubber(NR)is an indispensable material for industrial production and peoples’daily utilization.The root of Taraxacum kok-saghyz(TKS)contains a large amount of NR,which is potentially to be an alterna...Nowadays,natural rubber(NR)is an indispensable material for industrial production and peoples’daily utilization.The root of Taraxacum kok-saghyz(TKS)contains a large amount of NR,which is potentially to be an alternative rubber source of conventional Hevea brasiliensis(HB).In order to find a convenient,fast and green method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of NR in TKS,a pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometric(Py-GCMS)method was developed accordingly.The results indicated that the main products of TKS rubber after pyrolysis were isoprene and limonene,respectively,and the limit of detection(LOD)of TKS rubber was 2.603 mg/g.The ratios of NR mass fractions in TKSs by Py-GC-MS ranged from 1.20%±0.20%to 8.61%±0.28%.The developed method has been used for determination of actual TKS samples and can be further applied to the field test for rapid breeding and large-scale cultivation of TKS thereof.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the volatile components in Santalum album Linn and gradually clarify the aroma composition of S.album Linn.[Methods]Solid-phase microextraction method was used to obtain the v...[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the volatile components in Santalum album Linn and gradually clarify the aroma composition of S.album Linn.[Methods]Solid-phase microextraction method was used to obtain the volatile components of S.album Linn.The aroma components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their relative contents were calculated using the area normalization method.[Results]In a dry state at room temperature,39 chemical components were identified from S.album Linn,mainly olefins(91.15%),alkanes(3.00%),alcohols(2.56%),esters(2.19%),ketones(0.55%),aldehydes(0.41%)and heterocyclics(0.14%).[Conclusions]This method has the advantages of low sample consumption,easy operation,rapid identification of aroma components and high sensitivity,and can effectively separate and determine volatile components in S.album Linn,realizing the rapid identification of different S.album Linn varieties and providing technical support for further research on Chinese medicinal materials.展开更多
BACKGROUND The investigation of plant-based therapeutic agents in medicinal plants has revealed their presence in the extracts and provides the vision to formulate novel techniques for drug therapy.Vitex negundo(V.neg...BACKGROUND The investigation of plant-based therapeutic agents in medicinal plants has revealed their presence in the extracts and provides the vision to formulate novel techniques for drug therapy.Vitex negundo(V.negundo),a perennial herb belonging to the Varbanaceae family,is extensively used in conventional medication.AIM To determine the existence of therapeutic components in leaf and callus extracts from wild V.negundo plants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GCMS).METHODS In this study,we conducted GC-MS on wild plant leaf extracts and correlated the presence of constituents with those in callus extracts.Various growth regulators such as 6-benzylaminopurine(BAP),2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D),α-naphthylacetic acid(NAA),and di-phenylurea(DPU)were added to plant leaves and in-vitro callus and grown on MS medium.RESULTS The results clearly indicated that the addition of BAP(2.0 mg/L),2,4-D(0.2 mg/mL),DPU(2.0 mg/L)and 2,4-D(0.2 mg/mL)in MS medium resulted in rapid callus development.The plant profile of Vitex extracts by GC-MS analysis showed that 24,10,and 14 bioactive constituents were detected in the methanolic extract of leaf,green callus and the methanolic extract of white loose callus,respectively.CONCLUSION Octadecadienoic acid,hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester were the major constituents in the leaf and callus methanolic extract.Octadecadienoic acid was the most common constituent in all samples.The maximum concentration of octadecadienoic acid in leaves,green callus and white loose callus was 21.93%,47.79%and 40.38%,respectively.These findings demonstrate that the concentration of octadecadienoic acid doubles in-vitro compared to in-vivo.In addition to octadecadienoic acid;butyric acid,benzene,1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl),dospan,tridecanedialdehyde,methylcyclohexenylbutanol,chlorpyrifos,n-secondary terpene diester,anflunine and other important active compounds were also detected.All these components were only available in callus formed in-vitro.This study showed that the callus contained additional botanical characteristics compared with wild plants.Due to the presence of numerous bioactive compounds,the medical use of Vitex for various diseases has been accepted and the plant is considered an important source of therapeutics for research and development.展开更多
Recent advancements in person-portable instrumentation have resulted in the potential to provide contemporaneous results through rapid in-field analyses.These technologies can be utilised in emergency response scenari...Recent advancements in person-portable instrumentation have resulted in the potential to provide contemporaneous results through rapid in-field analyses.These technologies can be utilised in emergency response scenarios to aid first responders in appropriate site risk assessment and management.Large metropolitan fires can pose great risk to human and environmental health due to the rapid release of hazardous compounds into the atmosphere.Understanding the release of these hazardous organics is critical in understanding their associated risks.Person-portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was evaluated for its potential to provide rapid on-site analysis for real-time monitoring of hazardous organic compounds at fire scenes.Air sampling and analysis methods were developed for scenes of this nature.Controlled field testing demonstrated that the portable GC-MS was able to provide preliminary analytical results on the volatile organic compounds present in air samples collected from both active and extinguished fires.In-field results were confirmed using conventional laboratory-based air sampling and analysis procedures.The deployment of portable instrumentation could provide first responders with a rapid on-site assessment tool for the appropriate management of scenes,thereby ensuring environmental and human health is proactively protected and scientifically informed decisions are made for the provision of timely advice to stakeholders.展开更多
As more attention is being paid to the characteristics of atmospheric amines,there is also an increasing demand for reliable detection technologies.Herein,a method was developed for simultaneous detection of atmospher...As more attention is being paid to the characteristics of atmospheric amines,there is also an increasing demand for reliable detection technologies.Herein,a method was developed for simultaneous detection of atmospheric amines in both gaseous and particulate phases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The amine samples were collected with and without phosphoric acid filters,followed by derivatization with benzenesulfonyl chloride under alkaline condition prior to GC-MS analysis.Furthermore,the method was optimized and validated for determining 14 standard amines.The detection limits ranged from0.0408-0.421μg/mL(for gaseous samples)and 0.163-1.69μg/mL(for particulate samples),respectively.The obtained recoveries ranged from 68.8%-180%and the relative standard deviation was less than 30%,indicating high precision and good reliability of the method.Seven amines were simultaneously detected in gaseous and particulate samples in an industrial park using the developed method successfully.Methylamine,dimethylamine and diethylamine together accounted for 76.7%and 75.6%of particulate and gaseous samples,respectively.By comparing the measured and predicted values of gas-particle partition fractions,it was found that absorption process of aqueous phase played a more important role in the gas-partition of amines than physical adsorption.Moreover,the reaction between unprotonated amines and acid(aq.)in water phase likely promoted water absorption.Higher measured partition fraction of dibutylamine was likely due to the reaction with gaseous HCl.The developed method would help provide a deeper understanding of gas-particle partitioning as well as atmospheric evolution of amines.展开更多
Objective:To isolate bioactive molecules from marine seaweeds and check the antimicrobial activity against the fish pathogenic bacteria.Methods:Fresh marine seaweeds Gracilaria edulis,Kappaphycus spicifera,Sargassum w...Objective:To isolate bioactive molecules from marine seaweeds and check the antimicrobial activity against the fish pathogenic bacteria.Methods:Fresh marine seaweeds Gracilaria edulis,Kappaphycus spicifera,Sargassum wightii(S.wightii)were collected.Each seaweed was extracted with different solvents.In the study,test pathogens were collected from microbial type culture collection.Antibacterial activity was carried out by using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibition concentration(MIC)was calculated.Best seaweed was analysed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The cured extract was separated by thin layer chromatography(TLC).Fraction was collected from TLC to check the antimicrobial activity.Best fraction was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometer(GCMS).Results:Based on the disc diffusion method,S.wightii showed a better antimicrobial activity than other seaweed extracts.Based on the MIC,methanol extract of S.wightii showed lower MIC than other solvents.S.wightii were separated by TLC.In this TLC,plate showed a two fraction.These two fractions were separated in preparative TLC and checked for their antimicrobial activity.Fraction 2 showed best MIC value against the tested pathogen.Fraction 2 was analysed by GCMS.Based on the GCMS,fraction 2 contains n-hexadecanoic acid(59.44%).Conclusions:From this present study,it can be concluded that S.wightii was potential sources of bioactive compounds.展开更多
In order to control drug crime effectively,it is necessary to develop selective analytical methods suitable for unambiguous identification and determination of drugs in illicit samples and biological matrices.A novel ...In order to control drug crime effectively,it is necessary to develop selective analytical methods suitable for unambiguous identification and determination of drugs in illicit samples and biological matrices.A novel microextraction technique based on ultrasound-assisted low-density solvent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction,(UA-LDS-DLLME)has been applied to the determination of four amphetamines(methamphetamine,amphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)in urine samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The parameters affecting extraction efficiency have been investigated and optimized.UA-LDS-DLLME used ultrasound energy to assist in the emulsification process without any disperser solvent.Under the optimized conditions,linearity was observed for all analytes in the 0.15-10 p,g/mL range with correlation coefficients(R)ranging from 0.9886 to 0.9894.The recoveries of75.6-91.4%with relative standard deviations of 2.5-4.0%were obtained.The limits of detection(S/N=3)were estimated to be in the 5-10 ng/mL range.The UA-LDS-DLLME technique had the advantages of shorter extraction time,suitability for simultaneous pretreatments of batches of samples,and the higher extraction efficiency.It was successfully applied to the analysis of amphetamines in real human urine samples.展开更多
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of chlorpyrifos in human blood samples.The chlorpyrifos and parathion(internal standard)in human blood were extra...Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of chlorpyrifos in human blood samples.The chlorpyrifos and parathion(internal standard)in human blood were extracted with a mixed solvent of hexane and acetonitrile.Chlorpyrifos was well separated from the internal standard.The linear range of chlorpyrifos was 0.01-2 μg/ml in blood.The limit of detection and limit of quantification were estimated at 0.002 and 0.01μg/ml,respectively.The inter-and intra-day precisions,accuracy,and recovery were assessed to verify this method.The results showed that the developed method is rapid,sensitive,and reliable.It is suitable for the determination of chlorpyrifos in forensic toxicological analysis and clinical diagnosis.展开更多
Pesticide residue detection is an important work to ensure the quality safety of agricultural products.In the process of agricultural production,in order to prevent and control agricultural diseases and pests,a certai...Pesticide residue detection is an important work to ensure the quality safety of agricultural products.In the process of agricultural production,in order to prevent and control agricultural diseases and pests,a certain amount of pesticides need to be used.However,if pesticides are used excessively,there will be certain pesticide residues in crops and related products.Therefore,it is necessary to do a good job in pesticide residue detection.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)detection methods have good results and can effectively detect pesticide residues in related products.This paper reviewed and analyzed the application of GC-MS and LC-MS in pesticide residue detection,and proposed optimization measures based on practical experience,hoping to provide reference for relevant scholars.展开更多
The asthmatic inflammatory process results in the generation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs),which are subsequently secreted by the airways.The study of these elements through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(...The asthmatic inflammatory process results in the generation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs),which are subsequently secreted by the airways.The study of these elements through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),which can identify individual molecules with a discriminatory capacity of over 85%,and electronic-Nose(e-NOSE),which is able to perform a quick onboard pattern-recognition analysis of VOCs,has allowed new prospects for non-invasive analysis of the disease in an"omics"approach.In this review,we aim to collect and compare the progress made in VOCs analysis using the two methods and their instrumental characteristics.Studies have described the potential of GC-MS and e-NOSE in a multitude of relevant aspects of the disease in both children and adults,as well as differential diagnosis between asthma and other conditions such as wheezing,cystic fibrosis,COPD,allergic rhinitis and last but not least,the accuracy of these methods compared to other diagnostic tools such as lung function,FeNO and eosinophil count.Due to significant limitations of both methods,it is still necessary to improve and standardize techniques.Currently,e-NOSE appears to be the most promising aid in clinical practice,whereas GC-MS,as the gold standard for the structural analysis of molecules,remains an essential tool in terms of research for further studies on the pathophysiologic pathways of the asthmatic inflammatory process.In conclusion,the study of VOCs through GC-MS and e-NOSE appears to hold promise for the noninvasive diagnosis,assessment,and monitoring of asthma,as well as for further research studies on the disease.展开更多
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) represents one of the most aggressive and metastatic brain tumors, with a dismal success rate of less than three percent after five years, particularly in tumors with active immune checkp...Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) represents one of the most aggressive and metastatic brain tumors, with a dismal success rate of less than three percent after five years, particularly in tumors with active immune checkpoints. This necessitates the development of targeted endogenous agents for precise GBM treatment. Previous experiments utilizing Chemovar Specific Cannabis Extractions (CSCEs), fractionated with polar solvents and quantified using Liquid and Gas Column Chromatography combined with Mass Spectrometry (LC/GCMS), have shown reduced viability and motility in human GBM cell lines. However, the complexity of the botanical substance has hindered the personalization of standard cannabis medicines for GBM due to unknown synergistic effects of multiple compounds. To address this limitation, our study focuses on exposing AM251 cells to chemovar fractions extracted using a non-polar solvent, thereby isolating a broader spectrum of constituents. By employing LC/GCMS in conjunction with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), we have identified and quantified nine* compounds present in the non-polar CSCE that exhibit significant efficacy (0.1 μM) in inducing cytotoxicity* in GBM tumor cells. Conversely, the polar fraction in our experiment did not demonstrate efficacy against UM251 cells. The quantification of individual compounds within a cannabis extraction that selectively induces cell death in brain tumors holds promise for guiding future research and facilitating the development of a standardized CSCE for GBM therapy.展开更多
A GC-MS method for the determination of 27 organochlorine pesticides and 15 Pyrethroid pesticides in animal food is established.The method was based on Gel Permeation chromatography combined with solid-phase extractio...A GC-MS method for the determination of 27 organochlorine pesticides and 15 Pyrethroid pesticides in animal food is established.The method was based on Gel Permeation chromatography combined with solid-phase extraction for sample preparation.Rapid qualitative and quantitative analyses was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry under the selective-ion monitoring mode.The experimental results showed that the correlation coefficients were better than 0.99,the recoveries for spiked standards were 70%-104%,the relative standard deviations were 2.1%-15.9%.展开更多
The volatile oil was extracted from Curcuma longa and Turmeric oleoresin by Soxhelt method with petroleum ether.All the volatile oil was analyzed of chemical component by the method of GC-MS,the relative contents of t...The volatile oil was extracted from Curcuma longa and Turmeric oleoresin by Soxhelt method with petroleum ether.All the volatile oil was analyzed of chemical component by the method of GC-MS,the relative contents of these compounds were calculated using square peaks to normalization.On the volatile oil of Curcuma longa 35 peaks were separated and 21 compounds were identified,which accounted for 89.10%,the main chemical constituents was (-)-Zingiberene(22.12%),β-Sesquiphellandrene(15.24%),α-Turmerone (11.30%),β-Turmerone (8.87%),Ar-turmerone(8.20%),but on the volatile oil of Turmeric oleoresin 32 peaks were separated,of which 21 compounds were identified,which accounted for 90.12% the main chemical constituents was (-)-Zingiberene(23.92%),β-Sesquiphellandrene(15.73%),Ar-turmerone(12.89%),β-Turmerone(10.85%).展开更多
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of monoethanolamine,diethanolamine,triethanolamine in cosmetics.The detected materials were extracted with etha...Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of monoethanolamine,diethanolamine,triethanolamine in cosmetics.The detected materials were extracted with ethanol by ultrasonic, then were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MSD.The relative standard deviations (RSD) were 0.76%-3.43%,and recoveries were 85.8%-106.0%. The limit of detection was 0.05%.展开更多
In this paper,the Illilium verum Hook.f.grow at mountain of Dayao of Jinxiu in Guangxi,Volatile oil was extracted by soxhet method and steam distillation.All the volatile oil was analyzed by GC-MS,the result show the ...In this paper,the Illilium verum Hook.f.grow at mountain of Dayao of Jinxiu in Guangxi,Volatile oil was extracted by soxhet method and steam distillation.All the volatile oil was analyzed by GC-MS,the result show the ingredients and rate of product were change greatly,The major chemical constituents were trans-anethole,estragole and anisaldehyde etc.展开更多
The chemical detection of gasoline traces in fire debris is a challenge requiring highly sensitive,hyphenated analytical systems.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is suitable for the task.In this study,GC-MS we...The chemical detection of gasoline traces in fire debris is a challenge requiring highly sensitive,hyphenated analytical systems.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is suitable for the task.In this study,GC-MS were optimized to identify gasoline in simulated fire.And it was successful to apply this method to detect the gasoline in fire debris.展开更多
Analysis of nerve agents and their degradation products constitutes an important subject for verifying the compliance to the Chemical Weapons Convention(CWC).In environmental water,the relevant degradation products of...Analysis of nerve agents and their degradation products constitutes an important subject for verifying the compliance to the Chemical Weapons Convention(CWC).In environmental water,the relevant degradation products of nerve agents are usually present at low concentration levels and mixed with a large amount of interferents.In this paper,six different kinds of solid-phase bulk sorbents were respectively investigated to improve the SPE efficiency for nerve agents degradation products from stimulant water samples,in which a large amount of background interferents were spiked.Results showed that the strong anion-exchange sorbent could selectively extract the spiking six target compounds from the matrices and showed a high recovery.展开更多
文摘This study aims to explore the analgesic ingredients and mechanism of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil(CCEO).The constituents in CCEO were characterized qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Targets related to active ingredients were collected by PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction.Targets related to pain were screened by TTD and OMIM database,and compound-target network was established by Cytoscape software.Gene ontology(GO)function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis of targets were carried out by DAVID database.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was established and analyzed by STRING database.Molecular docking method was used to verify the interaction between main components and relevant core targets.A total of 13 compounds were identified in CCEO,and 58 related targets were predicted.GO function enrichment analysis revealed that the selected targets were mainly involved in biological processes such as chemical synaptic transmission and molecular function such as neurotransmitter receptor activity;24 signal pathways were screened by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,retrograde endocannabinoid signaling and calcium signaling pathway.Docking results showed that the main constituents had certain affinities with the key targets.The active ingredients in CCEO regulated multiple signaling pathways to ameliorate pain through AR,ACHE,ESR1,GABRG2,PTGS2 and PPARγ.
基金Supported by Fund of Harbin Provincial Education Department(2014AB3BN041)
文摘A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four kinds of estrogens(hexoestrol, diethylstilbestrol, estrone, and 17-beta-estradiol) in feed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). After the sample was extracted by ethyl ether and cleaned-up on HLB phase extraction column, four kinds of estrogens were derived and quantified in gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The results showed that the linear detectable ranged from 2.5 ng·mL^(-1) to 250 ng·mL^(-1) for hexoestrol and from 5 ng·mL^(-1) to 500 ng·mL^(-1) for three other estrogens with the correlation coefficients(R^2) were no less than 0.990. The recoveries were in the range of 76.34%-96.33% and the relative standard deviation was no more than 22.7%. The limits of quantitation(LOQ) for all analytics were between 10 ug·kg^(-1) and 20 ug·kg^(-1).The method was accurate and sensitive and could meet the actual requirements for the analyses of feed samples.
文摘In the first article of this series, we presented some evidence of hyperforin as an antibiotic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, anticancer, and immunomodulatory substance. In the present article, evidence of the permeability of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) to hyperforin and its distribution in other organs of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) are revealed. Seven-month-old male boars with a body mass of 100 kg were fed a diet containing hyperforin. Organs were surgically removed under anesthesia. Organs were suitable prepared and extracted, and then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with supersonic molecular beams (GC-MS with SMB). The presence of hyperforin was recorded in all organs and body fluids. Special attention was paid to the evaluation of the presence of hyperforin in the brain and testes of experimental animals. The presence of hyperforin in the brain and testes of experimental animals was established by GC-MS with SMB. The results are of interest because penicillin and numerous other antibiotics cannot pass through the BTB or BBB if healthy or non-inflamed, which limits their use in patients with meningitis and gonorrhea. The findings are also of interest in cases of penicillin- and multi-antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51673012)National Key Research and Development Plan Fund(No.2017YFB0306901,2016YFF0203703-03)the Beijing Technology and Business University Youth Scholar Funds(No.PXM2019_014213_000007).
文摘Nowadays,natural rubber(NR)is an indispensable material for industrial production and peoples’daily utilization.The root of Taraxacum kok-saghyz(TKS)contains a large amount of NR,which is potentially to be an alternative rubber source of conventional Hevea brasiliensis(HB).In order to find a convenient,fast and green method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of NR in TKS,a pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometric(Py-GCMS)method was developed accordingly.The results indicated that the main products of TKS rubber after pyrolysis were isoprene and limonene,respectively,and the limit of detection(LOD)of TKS rubber was 2.603 mg/g.The ratios of NR mass fractions in TKSs by Py-GC-MS ranged from 1.20%±0.20%to 8.61%±0.28%.The developed method has been used for determination of actual TKS samples and can be further applied to the field test for rapid breeding and large-scale cultivation of TKS thereof.
基金Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(KY2019056).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the volatile components in Santalum album Linn and gradually clarify the aroma composition of S.album Linn.[Methods]Solid-phase microextraction method was used to obtain the volatile components of S.album Linn.The aroma components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and their relative contents were calculated using the area normalization method.[Results]In a dry state at room temperature,39 chemical components were identified from S.album Linn,mainly olefins(91.15%),alkanes(3.00%),alcohols(2.56%),esters(2.19%),ketones(0.55%),aldehydes(0.41%)and heterocyclics(0.14%).[Conclusions]This method has the advantages of low sample consumption,easy operation,rapid identification of aroma components and high sensitivity,and can effectively separate and determine volatile components in S.album Linn,realizing the rapid identification of different S.album Linn varieties and providing technical support for further research on Chinese medicinal materials.
文摘BACKGROUND The investigation of plant-based therapeutic agents in medicinal plants has revealed their presence in the extracts and provides the vision to formulate novel techniques for drug therapy.Vitex negundo(V.negundo),a perennial herb belonging to the Varbanaceae family,is extensively used in conventional medication.AIM To determine the existence of therapeutic components in leaf and callus extracts from wild V.negundo plants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GCMS).METHODS In this study,we conducted GC-MS on wild plant leaf extracts and correlated the presence of constituents with those in callus extracts.Various growth regulators such as 6-benzylaminopurine(BAP),2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D),α-naphthylacetic acid(NAA),and di-phenylurea(DPU)were added to plant leaves and in-vitro callus and grown on MS medium.RESULTS The results clearly indicated that the addition of BAP(2.0 mg/L),2,4-D(0.2 mg/mL),DPU(2.0 mg/L)and 2,4-D(0.2 mg/mL)in MS medium resulted in rapid callus development.The plant profile of Vitex extracts by GC-MS analysis showed that 24,10,and 14 bioactive constituents were detected in the methanolic extract of leaf,green callus and the methanolic extract of white loose callus,respectively.CONCLUSION Octadecadienoic acid,hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester were the major constituents in the leaf and callus methanolic extract.Octadecadienoic acid was the most common constituent in all samples.The maximum concentration of octadecadienoic acid in leaves,green callus and white loose callus was 21.93%,47.79%and 40.38%,respectively.These findings demonstrate that the concentration of octadecadienoic acid doubles in-vitro compared to in-vivo.In addition to octadecadienoic acid;butyric acid,benzene,1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl),dospan,tridecanedialdehyde,methylcyclohexenylbutanol,chlorpyrifos,n-secondary terpene diester,anflunine and other important active compounds were also detected.All these components were only available in callus formed in-vitro.This study showed that the callus contained additional botanical characteristics compared with wild plants.Due to the presence of numerous bioactive compounds,the medical use of Vitex for various diseases has been accepted and the plant is considered an important source of therapeutics for research and development.
基金This project has been assisted by the New South Wales Government through its Environmental Trust[grant number 2015/RD/0156].
文摘Recent advancements in person-portable instrumentation have resulted in the potential to provide contemporaneous results through rapid in-field analyses.These technologies can be utilised in emergency response scenarios to aid first responders in appropriate site risk assessment and management.Large metropolitan fires can pose great risk to human and environmental health due to the rapid release of hazardous compounds into the atmosphere.Understanding the release of these hazardous organics is critical in understanding their associated risks.Person-portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was evaluated for its potential to provide rapid on-site analysis for real-time monitoring of hazardous organic compounds at fire scenes.Air sampling and analysis methods were developed for scenes of this nature.Controlled field testing demonstrated that the portable GC-MS was able to provide preliminary analytical results on the volatile organic compounds present in air samples collected from both active and extinguished fires.In-field results were confirmed using conventional laboratory-based air sampling and analysis procedures.The deployment of portable instrumentation could provide first responders with a rapid on-site assessment tool for the appropriate management of scenes,thereby ensuring environmental and human health is proactively protected and scientifically informed decisions are made for the provision of timely advice to stakeholders.
基金supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42020104001 and 41805103)Local Innovative and Research Team Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(No.2017BT01Z032)the Fund from Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(No.1922009)
文摘As more attention is being paid to the characteristics of atmospheric amines,there is also an increasing demand for reliable detection technologies.Herein,a method was developed for simultaneous detection of atmospheric amines in both gaseous and particulate phases using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The amine samples were collected with and without phosphoric acid filters,followed by derivatization with benzenesulfonyl chloride under alkaline condition prior to GC-MS analysis.Furthermore,the method was optimized and validated for determining 14 standard amines.The detection limits ranged from0.0408-0.421μg/mL(for gaseous samples)and 0.163-1.69μg/mL(for particulate samples),respectively.The obtained recoveries ranged from 68.8%-180%and the relative standard deviation was less than 30%,indicating high precision and good reliability of the method.Seven amines were simultaneously detected in gaseous and particulate samples in an industrial park using the developed method successfully.Methylamine,dimethylamine and diethylamine together accounted for 76.7%and 75.6%of particulate and gaseous samples,respectively.By comparing the measured and predicted values of gas-particle partition fractions,it was found that absorption process of aqueous phase played a more important role in the gas-partition of amines than physical adsorption.Moreover,the reaction between unprotonated amines and acid(aq.)in water phase likely promoted water absorption.Higher measured partition fraction of dibutylamine was likely due to the reaction with gaseous HCl.The developed method would help provide a deeper understanding of gas-particle partitioning as well as atmospheric evolution of amines.
基金Supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB-F.No.SR/FT/LS-142/2009)Department of Science and Technology(DST),Government of India,New Delhi.
文摘Objective:To isolate bioactive molecules from marine seaweeds and check the antimicrobial activity against the fish pathogenic bacteria.Methods:Fresh marine seaweeds Gracilaria edulis,Kappaphycus spicifera,Sargassum wightii(S.wightii)were collected.Each seaweed was extracted with different solvents.In the study,test pathogens were collected from microbial type culture collection.Antibacterial activity was carried out by using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibition concentration(MIC)was calculated.Best seaweed was analysed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The cured extract was separated by thin layer chromatography(TLC).Fraction was collected from TLC to check the antimicrobial activity.Best fraction was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometer(GCMS).Results:Based on the disc diffusion method,S.wightii showed a better antimicrobial activity than other seaweed extracts.Based on the MIC,methanol extract of S.wightii showed lower MIC than other solvents.S.wightii were separated by TLC.In this TLC,plate showed a two fraction.These two fractions were separated in preparative TLC and checked for their antimicrobial activity.Fraction 2 showed best MIC value against the tested pathogen.Fraction 2 was analysed by GCMS.Based on the GCMS,fraction 2 contains n-hexadecanoic acid(59.44%).Conclusions:From this present study,it can be concluded that S.wightii was potential sources of bioactive compounds.
基金supported by Technology Project of Education Department in Fujian:A(JA14336).
文摘In order to control drug crime effectively,it is necessary to develop selective analytical methods suitable for unambiguous identification and determination of drugs in illicit samples and biological matrices.A novel microextraction technique based on ultrasound-assisted low-density solvent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction,(UA-LDS-DLLME)has been applied to the determination of four amphetamines(methamphetamine,amphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)in urine samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The parameters affecting extraction efficiency have been investigated and optimized.UA-LDS-DLLME used ultrasound energy to assist in the emulsification process without any disperser solvent.Under the optimized conditions,linearity was observed for all analytes in the 0.15-10 p,g/mL range with correlation coefficients(R)ranging from 0.9886 to 0.9894.The recoveries of75.6-91.4%with relative standard deviations of 2.5-4.0%were obtained.The limits of detection(S/N=3)were estimated to be in the 5-10 ng/mL range.The UA-LDS-DLLME technique had the advantages of shorter extraction time,suitability for simultaneous pretreatments of batches of samples,and the higher extraction efficiency.It was successfully applied to the analysis of amphetamines in real human urine samples.
基金This study was financially supported by the Project of the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(81373239).
文摘Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of chlorpyrifos in human blood samples.The chlorpyrifos and parathion(internal standard)in human blood were extracted with a mixed solvent of hexane and acetonitrile.Chlorpyrifos was well separated from the internal standard.The linear range of chlorpyrifos was 0.01-2 μg/ml in blood.The limit of detection and limit of quantification were estimated at 0.002 and 0.01μg/ml,respectively.The inter-and intra-day precisions,accuracy,and recovery were assessed to verify this method.The results showed that the developed method is rapid,sensitive,and reliable.It is suitable for the determination of chlorpyrifos in forensic toxicological analysis and clinical diagnosis.
基金Supported by The Fourth Batch of High-end Talent Project in Hebei ProvinceTangshan Science and Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation Leading Talent Project(21130243A)+1 种基金Special Project of the Central Government in Guidance of Local Science and Technology Development(226Z5504G)Tangshan Talent Project(A202202005).
文摘Pesticide residue detection is an important work to ensure the quality safety of agricultural products.In the process of agricultural production,in order to prevent and control agricultural diseases and pests,a certain amount of pesticides need to be used.However,if pesticides are used excessively,there will be certain pesticide residues in crops and related products.Therefore,it is necessary to do a good job in pesticide residue detection.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)detection methods have good results and can effectively detect pesticide residues in related products.This paper reviewed and analyzed the application of GC-MS and LC-MS in pesticide residue detection,and proposed optimization measures based on practical experience,hoping to provide reference for relevant scholars.
文摘The asthmatic inflammatory process results in the generation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs),which are subsequently secreted by the airways.The study of these elements through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),which can identify individual molecules with a discriminatory capacity of over 85%,and electronic-Nose(e-NOSE),which is able to perform a quick onboard pattern-recognition analysis of VOCs,has allowed new prospects for non-invasive analysis of the disease in an"omics"approach.In this review,we aim to collect and compare the progress made in VOCs analysis using the two methods and their instrumental characteristics.Studies have described the potential of GC-MS and e-NOSE in a multitude of relevant aspects of the disease in both children and adults,as well as differential diagnosis between asthma and other conditions such as wheezing,cystic fibrosis,COPD,allergic rhinitis and last but not least,the accuracy of these methods compared to other diagnostic tools such as lung function,FeNO and eosinophil count.Due to significant limitations of both methods,it is still necessary to improve and standardize techniques.Currently,e-NOSE appears to be the most promising aid in clinical practice,whereas GC-MS,as the gold standard for the structural analysis of molecules,remains an essential tool in terms of research for further studies on the pathophysiologic pathways of the asthmatic inflammatory process.In conclusion,the study of VOCs through GC-MS and e-NOSE appears to hold promise for the noninvasive diagnosis,assessment,and monitoring of asthma,as well as for further research studies on the disease.
文摘Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) represents one of the most aggressive and metastatic brain tumors, with a dismal success rate of less than three percent after five years, particularly in tumors with active immune checkpoints. This necessitates the development of targeted endogenous agents for precise GBM treatment. Previous experiments utilizing Chemovar Specific Cannabis Extractions (CSCEs), fractionated with polar solvents and quantified using Liquid and Gas Column Chromatography combined with Mass Spectrometry (LC/GCMS), have shown reduced viability and motility in human GBM cell lines. However, the complexity of the botanical substance has hindered the personalization of standard cannabis medicines for GBM due to unknown synergistic effects of multiple compounds. To address this limitation, our study focuses on exposing AM251 cells to chemovar fractions extracted using a non-polar solvent, thereby isolating a broader spectrum of constituents. By employing LC/GCMS in conjunction with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), we have identified and quantified nine* compounds present in the non-polar CSCE that exhibit significant efficacy (0.1 μM) in inducing cytotoxicity* in GBM tumor cells. Conversely, the polar fraction in our experiment did not demonstrate efficacy against UM251 cells. The quantification of individual compounds within a cannabis extraction that selectively induces cell death in brain tumors holds promise for guiding future research and facilitating the development of a standardized CSCE for GBM therapy.
文摘A GC-MS method for the determination of 27 organochlorine pesticides and 15 Pyrethroid pesticides in animal food is established.The method was based on Gel Permeation chromatography combined with solid-phase extraction for sample preparation.Rapid qualitative and quantitative analyses was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry under the selective-ion monitoring mode.The experimental results showed that the correlation coefficients were better than 0.99,the recoveries for spiked standards were 70%-104%,the relative standard deviations were 2.1%-15.9%.
文摘The volatile oil was extracted from Curcuma longa and Turmeric oleoresin by Soxhelt method with petroleum ether.All the volatile oil was analyzed of chemical component by the method of GC-MS,the relative contents of these compounds were calculated using square peaks to normalization.On the volatile oil of Curcuma longa 35 peaks were separated and 21 compounds were identified,which accounted for 89.10%,the main chemical constituents was (-)-Zingiberene(22.12%),β-Sesquiphellandrene(15.24%),α-Turmerone (11.30%),β-Turmerone (8.87%),Ar-turmerone(8.20%),but on the volatile oil of Turmeric oleoresin 32 peaks were separated,of which 21 compounds were identified,which accounted for 90.12% the main chemical constituents was (-)-Zingiberene(23.92%),β-Sesquiphellandrene(15.73%),Ar-turmerone(12.89%),β-Turmerone(10.85%).
文摘Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of monoethanolamine,diethanolamine,triethanolamine in cosmetics.The detected materials were extracted with ethanol by ultrasonic, then were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MSD.The relative standard deviations (RSD) were 0.76%-3.43%,and recoveries were 85.8%-106.0%. The limit of detection was 0.05%.
文摘In this paper,the Illilium verum Hook.f.grow at mountain of Dayao of Jinxiu in Guangxi,Volatile oil was extracted by soxhet method and steam distillation.All the volatile oil was analyzed by GC-MS,the result show the ingredients and rate of product were change greatly,The major chemical constituents were trans-anethole,estragole and anisaldehyde etc.
文摘The chemical detection of gasoline traces in fire debris is a challenge requiring highly sensitive,hyphenated analytical systems.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is suitable for the task.In this study,GC-MS were optimized to identify gasoline in simulated fire.And it was successful to apply this method to detect the gasoline in fire debris.
文摘Analysis of nerve agents and their degradation products constitutes an important subject for verifying the compliance to the Chemical Weapons Convention(CWC).In environmental water,the relevant degradation products of nerve agents are usually present at low concentration levels and mixed with a large amount of interferents.In this paper,six different kinds of solid-phase bulk sorbents were respectively investigated to improve the SPE efficiency for nerve agents degradation products from stimulant water samples,in which a large amount of background interferents were spiked.Results showed that the strong anion-exchange sorbent could selectively extract the spiking six target compounds from the matrices and showed a high recovery.
