BACKGROUND Gender consciousness directly affects the development of gender identity,which is a continuous and lifelong process.Meanwhile,hospitalization is a part of many children's lives and has an impact on thei...BACKGROUND Gender consciousness directly affects the development of gender identity,which is a continuous and lifelong process.Meanwhile,hospitalization is a part of many children's lives and has an impact on their gender development.AIM To investigate the current situation of gender identity in lower primary school children by conducting a survey of 202 hospitalized children in the lower grades and to provide a theoretical basis and foundation for the cultivation of gender identity and medical treatment of children based on the results.This study aims to inspire clinical medical staff to scientifically and reasonably arrange hospital wards for lower primary school children and pay attention to gender protection during the medical treatment process and to help children shape a unified and clear gender identity,which will enable them to better integrate into society and promote their personality development.METHODS The gender consciousness scale for elementary and middle school students was RESULTS Gender identity was already present in lower primary school children.The children's gender roles and gender equality consciousness were strong,exceeding the critical value,but their gender characteristics,gender identity,and gender ideal consciousness were weak.Children aged 6 had the weakest gender identity,and girls had significantly stronger gender identity than boys.CONCLUSION Gender identity is already present in lower primary school children,providing a basis and inspiration for the cultivation of gender identity and medical treatment of lower primary school children.Clinical medical staff should be aware of and understand these results and should scientifically and reasonably arrange hospital wards for lower primary school children.展开更多
BACKGROUND The obesity rate of adolescents is gradually increasing,which seriously affects their mental health,and sleep plays an important role in adolescent obesity.AIM To investigate the relationship between sleep ...BACKGROUND The obesity rate of adolescents is gradually increasing,which seriously affects their mental health,and sleep plays an important role in adolescent obesity.AIM To investigate the relationship between sleep rhythm and obesity among adolescents and further explores the interactive effect of sleep rhythm and gender on adolescent obesity,providing a theoretical basis for developing interventions for adolescent obesity.METHODS Research data source Tianjin Mental Health Promotion Program for Students.From April to June 2022,this study selected 14201 students from 13 middle schools in a certain district of Tianjin as the research subject using the convenient cluster sampling method.Among these students,13374 accepted and completed the survey,with an effective rate of 94.2%.The demographic data and basic information of adolescents,such as height and weight,were collected through a general situation questionnaire.The sleep rhythm of adolescents was evaluated using the reduced version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire.RESULTS A total of 13374 participants(6629 females,accounting for 49.56%;the average age is 15.21±1.433 years)were analyzed.Among them,the survey showed that 2942 adolescent were obesity,accounting for 22%and 2104 adolescent were overweight,accounting for 15.7%.Among them,1692 male adolescents are obese,with an obesity rate of 25.1%,higher than 18.9%of female adolescents.There is a statistically significant difference between the three groups(χ2=231.522,P<0.000).The obesity group has the smallest age(14.94±1.442 years),and there is a statistical difference in age among the three groups(F=69.996,P<0.000).Obesity rates are higher among individuals who are not-only-child,have residential experience within six months,have family economic poverty,and have evening-type sleep(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis shows a correlation between sleep rhythm and adolescent obesity.Evening-type sleep rhythm can increase the risk of obesity in male adolescents[1.250(1.067-1.468)],but the effect on female obesity is not remarkable.Further logistic regression analysis in the overall population demonstrates that the interaction between evening-type sleep rhythm and the male gender poses a risk of adolescent obesity[1.122(1.043-1.208)].CONCLUSION Among adolescents,the incidence of obesity in males is higher than in females.Evening-type sleep rhythm plays an important role in male obesity but has no significant effect on female obesity.Progressive analysis suggests an interactive effect of sleep rhythm and gender on adolescent obesity,and the combination of evening-type sleep and the male gender promotes the development of adolescent obesity.In formulating precautions against adolescent obesity,obesity in male adolescents with evening-type sleep should be a critical concern.展开更多
Perfume commercial,as a form of cultural text and practice,is relatively special in contemporary commercial advertising:The commodity qualities of perfume dictate that perfume advertisements must cater to the sexual f...Perfume commercial,as a form of cultural text and practice,is relatively special in contemporary commercial advertising:The commodity qualities of perfume dictate that perfume advertisements must cater to the sexual fantasies of the audience,and therefore inevitably characterize the mainstream,dominant gender norms.At the same time,perfume commercial,as a unique marketing communication method,also unconsciously influences people’s values through sensory stimulation and emotional rendering.This article explores the connection between perfume and its commercials,sex,and gender,and discusses the generation of meaning in perfume commercials as texts and deconstructs the gender myth implied from the perspectives of representation and myth analysis,ultimately revealing that behind the gender myth of perfume commercials is but a false manifestation of the ideal self-image of the western white bourgeois heterosexuality.展开更多
BACKGROUND Literature focused on cancer screening and management is lacking in the transgender population.AIM To action to increase contributions to the scientific literature that drives the creation of cancer screeni...BACKGROUND Literature focused on cancer screening and management is lacking in the transgender population.AIM To action to increase contributions to the scientific literature that drives the creation of cancer screening and management protocols for transgender and gender nonconforming(TGNC)patients.METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed on January 5th,2022,with the following terms:“TGNC”,OR“transgender”,OR“gender non-conforming”,OR“gender nonbinary”AND“cancer screening”,AND“breast cancer”,AND“cervical cancer”,AND“uterine cancer”,AND“ovarian cancer”,AND“prostate cancer”,AND“testicular cancer”,AND“surveillance”,AND“follow-up”,AND“management”.70 unique publications were used.The findings are discussed under“Screening”and“Management”categories.RESULTS Screening:Current cancer screening recommendations default to cis-gender protocols.However,long-term genderaffirming hormone therapy and loss to follow-up from the gender-specific specialties contribute to a higher risk for cancer development and possible delayed detection.The only known screening guidelines made specifically for this population are from the American College of Radiology for breast cancer.Management:Prior to undergoing Gender Affirmation Surgery(GAS),discussion should address cancer screening and management in the organs remaining in situ.Cancer treatment in this population requires consideration for chemotherapy,radiation,surgery and/or reconstruction.Modification of hormone therapy is decided on a case-by-case basis.The use of prophylactic vs aesthetic techniques in surgery is still debated.CONCLUSION When assessing transgender individuals for GAS,a discussion on the future oncologic risk of the sex-specific organs remaining in situ is essential.Cancer management in this population requires a multidisciplinary approach while the care should be highly individualized with considerations to social,medical,surgical and gender affirming surgery related specifications.Special considerations have to be made during planning for GAS as surgery will alter the anatomy and may render the organ difficult to sample for screening purposes.A discussion with the patient regarding the oncologic risk of remaining organs is imperative prior to GAS.Other special considerations to screening such as the conscious or unconscious will to unassociated with their remaining organs is also a key point to address.We currently lack high quality studies pertinent to the cancer topic in the gender affirmation literature.Further research is required to ensure more comprehensive and individualized care for this population.展开更多
This work is carried out based on the analysis of urban planning instruments,taking the gender perspective as a foundation.It arises from the inclusion of women in the participation of urban development,through an ana...This work is carried out based on the analysis of urban planning instruments,taking the gender perspective as a foundation.It arises from the inclusion of women in the participation of urban development,through an analysis of the gender gaps that have marked the history of women,the inequalities serve as a basis for carrying out this study.It highlights the challenges we face today as a society in the process of building citizen participation,where we must all be recognized and have equal opportunities within the territory in which we live.This article analyzes the extent to which the Municipal Urban Development Programs of the Mexican municipality of Comala,Colima,Mexico,consider the recommendations on gender and urbanism,established since the 1990s by international entities and applied transversally to urban planning policies.Considerable differences are found between women and men in terms of empowerment and participation in urban territorial planning instruments,mainly in the oldest instrument(1997).Significant progress is observed in the most recent document and is currently in force in the municipality of Comala(2009).展开更多
This article delves into the intricate landscape of gender roles within China,employing a historical lens to dissect the evolution of these roles throughout key periods of Chinese societal transformation.The study cen...This article delves into the intricate landscape of gender roles within China,employing a historical lens to dissect the evolution of these roles throughout key periods of Chinese societal transformation.The study centres on three pivotal epochs in contemporary China:the pre-liberation era(prior to 1949),the era of socialist construction(1949-1978),and the phase of economic reform(post-1978).Despite the undeniably persistent underpinning of traditional gender roles throughout history,this analysis offers insight into the essence of feminist movements-an ongoing struggle against the subjugation of women.While notable strides have been made in enhancing the status and rights of women in recent decades,it becomes evident that achieving genuine gender equality necessitates a more nuanced approach beyond the mere expansion of educational and occupational opportunities for women.True transformation mandates heightened awareness of gender inequality across all societal domains,catalysing collective participation in social initiatives by both genders.This article underscores the imperative of multifaceted engagement to drive meaningful and lasting shifts in gender dynamics.展开更多
Rural transformation can improve poverty reduction,living standards,and health outcomes in developing countries.However,impacts associated with rural transformation vary by region,household,and individual trait(includ...Rural transformation can improve poverty reduction,living standards,and health outcomes in developing countries.However,impacts associated with rural transformation vary by region,household,and individual trait(including gender).While research on rural transformation has been increasing over the last decade,there has been no comprehensive review conducted on the relationships between gender and rural transformation.Here,we conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the impacts of rural transformation on gender and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.We reviewed 82 studies from 1960-2021 that explore the relationships between rural transformation and gender.We then developed a framework that captures incidences and flow directions between indicators.Results show that most studies examined the impacts of rural transformation on women and between gender indicators.Few investigated the role of women and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.Overall,studies showed that rural transformation typically leads to positive outcomes for women regarding employment,income,and empowerment.However,negative impacts on women’s control over income,stability of new income sources,and access to healthy food are also common.Tailoring future development policies and programs to explicitly account for gender inclusiveness can lead to more successful rural transformation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Extramedullary multiple myeloma(MM)(EMM)is a rare and aggressive subentity of MM that can be present at diagnosis or develop anytime during the disease course.There is a paucity of data on the clinical char...BACKGROUND Extramedullary multiple myeloma(MM)(EMM)is a rare and aggressive subentity of MM that can be present at diagnosis or develop anytime during the disease course.There is a paucity of data on the clinical characteristics and overall epidemiology of EMM.Furthermore,there is a scarcity of data on how the interaction of age and gender influences the survival of EMM.AIM To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with EMM over the past 2 decades and to identify epidemiologic characteristics that may impact overall prognosis.METHODS A total of 858 patients diagnosed with EMM,between 2000 and 2017,were ultimately enrolled in our study by retrieving the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database.We analyzed demographics,clinical characteristics,and overall mortality(OM)as well as cancer-specific mortality(CSM)of EMM.Variables with a P value<0.1 in the univariate Cox regression were incorporated into the multivariate Cox model to determine the independent prognostic factors,with a hazard ratio(HR)of greater than 1 representing adverse prognostic factors.RESULTS From a sample of 858 EMM,the male gender(63.25%),age range 60-79 years(51.05%),and non-Hispanic whites(66.78%)were the most represented.Central Nervous System and the vertebral column was the most affected site(33.10%).Crude analysis revealed higher OM in the age group 80+[HR=6.951,95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.299-14.647,P=0],Non-Hispanic Black population(HR=1.339,95%CI:1.02-1.759,P=0.036),Bones not otherwise specified(NOS)(HR=1.74,95%CI:1.043-2.902,P=0.034),and widowed individuals(HR=2.107,95%CI:1.511-2.938,P=0).Skin involvement(HR=0.241,95%CI:0.06-0.974,P=0.046)and a yearly income of$75000+(HR=0.259,95%CI:0.125-0.538,P=0)had the lowest OM in the crude analysis.Crude analysis revealed higher CSM in the age group 80+,Non-Hispanic Black,Bones NOS,and widowed.Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses only revealed higher OM in the age group 80+(HR=9.792,95%CI:4.403-21.774,P=0)and widowed individuals(HR=1.609,95%CI:1.101-2.35,P=0.014).Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses of CSM also revealed higher mortality of the same groups.Eyes,mouth,and ENT involvement had the lowest CSM in the multivariate analysis.There was no interaction between age and gender in the adjusted analysis for OM and CSM.CONCLUSION EMM is a rare entity.To our knowledge,there is a scarcity of data on the clinical characteristics and prognosis factors of patients with extramedullary multiple myeloma.In this retrospective cohort,using a United States-based population,we found that age,marital status,and tumor site were independent prognostic factors.Furthermore,we found that age and gender did not interact to influence the mortality of patients with EMM.展开更多
The literature is full of claims regarding the consumption of polyphenol or polyamine-rich foods that offer some protection from developing cardiovascular disease(CVD). This is achieved by preventing cardiac hypertrop...The literature is full of claims regarding the consumption of polyphenol or polyamine-rich foods that offer some protection from developing cardiovascular disease(CVD). This is achieved by preventing cardiac hypertrophy and protecting blood vessels through improving the function of endothelium. However, do these interventions work in the aged human hearts? Cardiac aging is accompanied by an increase in left ventricular hypertrophy, along with diastolic and systolic dysfunction. It also confers significant cardiovascular risks for both sexes. The incidence and prevalence of CVD increase sharply at an earlier age in men than women. Furthermore, the patterns of heart failure differ between sexes, as do the lifetime risk factors. Do caloric restriction(CR)-mimetics, rich in polyphenol or polyamine, delay or reverse cardiac aging equally in both men and women? This review will discuss three areas:(1) mechanisms underlying age-related cardiac remodeling;(2) gender-related differences and potential mechanisms underlying diminished cardiac response in older men and women;(3) we select a few polyphenol or polyamine rich compounds as the CRmimetics, such as resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate and spermidine, due to their capability to extend health-span and induce autophagy. We outline their abilities and issues on retarding aging in animal hearts and preventing CVD in humans. We discuss the confounding factors that should be considered for developing therapeutic strategies against cardiac aging in humans.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Gender dysphoria(GD),or gender identity disorder,is defined as persistent distress stemming from the incongruence between one's assigned sex at birth and gender identity.'GD has traditionally been...INTRODUCTION Gender dysphoria(GD),or gender identity disorder,is defined as persistent distress stemming from the incongruence between one's assigned sex at birth and gender identity.'GD has traditionally been introduced as a rare condition predominant in assigned males at birth(AMABs).2 However,recent studies have shown an upward trend in assigned females at birth(AFABs)with a dramatic reversal of the AMAB:AFAB ratio-.5-The actual AMAB:AFAB ratio varies by age group and study population.4-Questions have been raised concerning the increasing number of youth who seek professional care for GD,especially adolescent AFABs.展开更多
Objective To describe whether or not there are gender differences in lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)prevalence and risk factors in community-dwelling older Chinese Americans.Methods We performed a secondary analysi...Objective To describe whether or not there are gender differences in lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)prevalence and risk factors in community-dwelling older Chinese Americans.Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cross-sectional population-based survey of Chinese Americans aged 60 years and older between January 2011 and December 2013 in English,Mandarin,Cantonese,Taishanese,or Teochew.A clinical review of systems was used to assess LUTS,which included urinary frequency,urgency,burning and/or pain,blood in urine,and urinary incontinence.Results Of the total 3157 people queried,42%were men and 58%were women.More men reported LUTS compared to women(32.9%vs.28.6%,p=0.01).In a multivariable analysis,female gender(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]0.60,95%confidence interval[CI]0.49-0.73),being married(aOR 0.79,95%CI 0.65-0.97),and smoking(aOR 0.66,95%CI 0.49-0.88)were found to be protective,while traditional Chinese medicine use(aOR 1.51,95%CI 1.28-1.78),heart disease(aOR 1.54,95%CI 1.24-1.91),and anxiety(aOR 1.69,95%CI 1.25-2.28)were most strongly associated with increased odds of LUTS.When examining genders separately,being married was found to be protective only in women.Meanwhile,unique factors found in men were hypertension,heart disease,and practice of Tai Chi.Conclusion In this large population-based study,LUTS were more prevalent in older Chinese American men than women.We also found gender-specific factors that influenced the odds of reporting LUTS;however,traditional Chinese medicine use was the only factor that was shared by both genders.Future longitudinal investigations are needed to elucidate these underlying mechanisms to provide evidence-based and culture-specific guidelines for this rapidly growing population.展开更多
Purpose:To supplement the quantitative portrait of Ukrainian Economics discipline with the results of gender and author ordering analysis at the level of individual authors,special methods of working with bibliographi...Purpose:To supplement the quantitative portrait of Ukrainian Economics discipline with the results of gender and author ordering analysis at the level of individual authors,special methods of working with bibliographic data with a predominant share of non-English authors are used.The properties of gender mixing,the likelihood of male and female authors occupying the first position in the authorship list,as well as the arrangements of names are studied.Design/methodology/approach:A data set containing bibliographic records related to Ukrainian journal publications in the field of Economics is constructed using Crossref metadata.Partial semi-automatic disambiguation of authors’names is performed.First names,along with gender-specific ethnic surnames,are used for gender disambiguation required for further comparative gender analysis.Random reshuffling of data is used to determine the impact of gender correlations.To assess the level of alphabetization for our data set,both Latin and Cyrillic versions of names are taken into account.Findings:The lack of well-structured metadata and the poor use of digital identifiers lead to numerous problems with automatization of bibliographic data pre-processing,especially in the case of publications by non-Western authors.The described stages for working with such specific data help to work at the level of authors and analyse,in particular,gender issues.Despite the larger number of female authors,gender equality is more likely to be reported at the individual level for the discipline of Ukrainian Economics.The tendencies towards collaborative or solo-publications and gender mixing patterns are found to be dependent on the journal:the differences for publications indexed in Scopus and/or Web of Science databases are found.It has also been found that Ukrainian Economics research is characterized by rather a non-alphabetical order of authors.Research limitations:Only partial authors’name disambiguation is performed in a semi-automatic way.Gender labels can be derived only for authors declared by full First names or gender-specific Last names.Practical implications:The typical features of Ukrainian Economic discipline can be used to perform a comparison with other countries and disciplines,to develop an informed-based assessment procedure at the national level.The proposed way of processing publication data can be borrowed to enrich metadata about other research disciplines,especially for non-English speaking countries.Originality/value:To our knowledge,this is the first large-scale quantitative study of Ukrainian Economic discipline.The results obtained are valuable not only at the national level,but also contribute to general knowledge about Economic research,gender issues,and authors’names ordering.An example of the use of Crossref data is provided,while this data source is still less used due to a number of drawbacks.Here,for the first time,attention is drawn to the explicit use of the features of the Slavic authors’names.展开更多
Voice classification is important in creating more intelligent systems that help with student exams,identifying criminals,and security systems.The main aim of the research is to develop a system able to predicate and ...Voice classification is important in creating more intelligent systems that help with student exams,identifying criminals,and security systems.The main aim of the research is to develop a system able to predicate and classify gender,age,and accent.So,a newsystem calledClassifyingVoice Gender,Age,and Accent(CVGAA)is proposed.Backpropagation and bagging algorithms are designed to improve voice recognition systems that incorporate sensory voice features such as rhythm-based features used to train the device to distinguish between the two gender categories.It has high precision compared to other algorithms used in this problem,as the adaptive backpropagation algorithm had an accuracy of 98%and the Bagging algorithm had an accuracy of 98.10%in the gender identification data.Bagging has the best accuracy among all algorithms,with 55.39%accuracy in the voice common dataset and age classification and accent accuracy in a speech accent of 78.94%.展开更多
Little is known about the association between structural gender inequality and health in patriarchal China.This study employed a sample from the Chinese Women’s Social Status,consisting of 26,139 participants aged 18...Little is known about the association between structural gender inequality and health in patriarchal China.This study employed a sample from the Chinese Women’s Social Status,consisting of 26,139 participants aged 18 and 70 years(13,494 women and 12,645 men).Structural gender inequality was assessed at the macro-,meso-,and micro-levels.Mental health was measured by the summed scores of eight questions on depressive symptoms.Multilevel linear regression was applied for analysis.Results showed that total sex ratio at birth was associated with poorer mental health among women and men but sex ratio at birth of the second-born child predicted better mental health.Gender inequality at meso-level resulted in poorer mental health and gender inequality at micro-level was associated with poorer mental health both for men and women.Eliminating structural gender inequality promotes populations’mental health in China.展开更多
Given the current expansion of the computer visionfield,several appli-cations that rely on extracting biometric information like facial gender for access control,security or marketing purposes are becoming more common....Given the current expansion of the computer visionfield,several appli-cations that rely on extracting biometric information like facial gender for access control,security or marketing purposes are becoming more common.A typical gender classifier requires many training samples to learn as many distinguishable features as possible.However,collecting facial images from individuals is usually a sensitive task,and it might violate either an individual's privacy or a specific data privacy law.In order to bridge the gap between privacy and the need for many facial images for deep learning training,an artificially generated dataset of facial images is proposed.We acquire a pre-trained Style-Generative Adversar-ial Networks(StyleGAN)generator and use it to create a dataset of facial images.We label the images according to the observed gender using a set of criteria that differentiate the facial features of males and females apart.We use this manually-labelled dataset to train three facial gender classifiers,a custom-designed network,and two pre-trained networks based on the Visual Geometry Group designs(VGG16)and(VGG19).We cross-validate these three classifiers on two separate datasets containing labelled images of actual subjects.For testing,we use the UTKFace and the Kaggle gender dataset.Our experimental results suggest that using a set of artificial images for training produces a comparable performance with accuracies similar to existing state-of-the-art methods,which uses actual images of individuals.The average classification accuracy of each classifier is between 94%and 95%,which is similar to existing proposed methods.展开更多
The gender recognition problem has attracted the attention of the computer vision community due to its importance in many applications(e.g.,sur-veillance and human–computer interaction[HCI]).Images of varying levels ...The gender recognition problem has attracted the attention of the computer vision community due to its importance in many applications(e.g.,sur-veillance and human–computer interaction[HCI]).Images of varying levels of illumination,occlusion,and other factors are captured in uncontrolled environ-ments.Iris and facial recognition technology cannot be used on these images because iris texture is unclear in these instances,and faces may be covered by a scarf,hijab,or mask due to the COVID-19 pandemic.The periocular region is a reliable source of information because it features rich discriminative biometric features.However,most existing gender classification approaches have been designed based on hand-engineered features or validated in controlled environ-ments.Motivated by the superior performance of deep learning,we proposed a new method,PeriGender,inspired by the design principles of the ResNet and DenseNet models,that can classify gender using features from the periocular region.The proposed system utilizes a dense concept in a residual model.Through skip connections,it reuses features on different scales to strengthen dis-criminative features.Evaluations of the proposed system on challenging datasets indicated that it outperformed state-of-the-art methods.It achieved 87.37%,94.90%,94.14%,99.14%,and 95.17%accuracy on the GROUPS,UFPR-Periocular,Ethnic-Ocular,IMP,and UBIPr datasets,respectively,in the open-world(OW)protocol.It further achieved 97.57%and 93.20%accuracy for adult periocular images from the GROUPS dataset in the closed-world(CW)and OW protocols,respectively.The results showed that the middle region between the eyes plays a crucial role in the recognition of masculine features,and feminine features can be identified through the eyebrow,upper eyelids,and corners of the eyes.Furthermore,using a whole region without cropping enhances PeriGender’s learning capability,improving its understanding of both eyes’global structure without discontinuity.展开更多
Gender analysis of Twitter could reveal significant socio-cultural differ-ences between female and male users.Efforts had been made to analyze and auto-matically infer gender formerly for more commonly spoken language...Gender analysis of Twitter could reveal significant socio-cultural differ-ences between female and male users.Efforts had been made to analyze and auto-matically infer gender formerly for more commonly spoken languages’content,but,as we now know that limited work is being undertaken for Arabic.Most of the research works are done mainly for English and least amount of effort for non-English language.The study for Arabic demographic inference like gen-der is relatively uncommon for social networking users,especially for Twitter.Therefore,this study aims to design an optimal marginalized stacked denoising autoencoder for gender identification on Arabic Twitter(OMSDAE-GIAT)model.The presented OMSDAE-GIAR technique mainly concentrates on the identifica-tion and classification of gender exist in the Twitter data.To attain this,the OMS-DAE-GIAT model derives initial stages of data pre-processing and word embedding.Next,the MSDAE model is exploited for the identification of gender into two classes namely male and female.In the final stage,the OMSDAE-GIAT technique uses enhanced bat optimization algorithm(EBOA)for parameter tuning process,showing the novelty of our work.The performance validation of the OMSDAE-GIAT model is inspected against an Arabic corpus dataset and the results are measured under distinct metrics.The comparison study reported the enhanced performance of the OMSDAE-GIAT model over other recent approaches.展开更多
Background:Social support is related to depression,but the gender differences and related factors that contribute to low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression remain to be elucidated.This study...Background:Social support is related to depression,but the gender differences and related factors that contribute to low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression remain to be elucidated.This study explores the relationship between social support and depression,in addition to the gender difference in the incidence of low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression and its related factors.Methods:A total of 371 Chinese adolescents with subthreshold depression were recruited.All subjects were rated on the Social Support Scale for Adolescents,the Response Style Scale,the Self-Perception Profile for Children,the Individualism-collectivism scale.Results:Binary logistic regression indicated that the stability dimension of cognitive style,the generality dimension of the Cognitive Style Questionnaire,and the social acceptance dimension of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale were significantly correlated with social support level in male adolescents with subthreshold depression.In contrast,the total score of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale,the social acceptance of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale,total individualism,and total collectivism were significantly correlated with social support level in female adolescents with subthreshold depression.Limitations:This study is a cross-sectional study,and its effectiveness in explaining factors that influence levels of social support is limited.Conclusions:The gender difference between low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression is related to cognitive style,self-perception,and collectivism–individualism.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease is associated with various neuropsychiatric conditions.There are currently no large studies assessing and comparing the prevalence of psy-chiatric illnesses based on patient profiles a...BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease is associated with various neuropsychiatric conditions.There are currently no large studies assessing and comparing the prevalence of psy-chiatric illnesses based on patient profiles and the etiology of cirrhosis.AIM To examine the trends of hospitalizations among psychiatric conditions in cirrhosis.METHODS We used the National Inpatient Sample database 2016-2019 for the primary diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.The outcomes included the prevalence,trends,and associations of psychiatric diagnoses in these hospitalizations.Chi-square for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon rank test for continuous variables were utilized.RESULTS The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)in liver cirrhosis hospitalizations increased from 0.17%in 2009 to 0.92%in 2019(P<0.001).The prevalence of depression increased from 7%in 2009 to 12%in 2019(P<0.001).Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)prevalence increased from 0.06%to 0.24%.The prevalence of schizophrenia increased from 0.59%to 0.87%(P<0.001).Schizoaffective disorder prevalence increased from 0.10%to 0.35%(P<0.001).Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)prevalence displayed increasing trends from 0.36%in 2009 to 0.93%in 2019(P<0.001).The prevalence of suicidal ideation increased from 0.23%to 0.56%in 2019.Cirrhosis related to alcoholic liver disease[adjusted odds ratios(aOR)1.18,95%CI 1.08-1.29,P<0.001]and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)(aOR 1.14,95%CI 1.01-1.28,P=0.025)was associated with depression more than other causes.Alcohol-and NAFLD-associated cirrhosis had a stronger link to psychiatric disorders.Females had a higher association with GAD(aOR 2.56,95%CI 2.14-3.06,P<0.001),depression(aOR 1.78,95%CI 1.71-1.84,P<0.001),bipolar disorder(aOR 1.64,95%CI 1.52-1.77,P<0.001]and chronic fatigue(aOR 2.31,95%CI 1.31-4.07,P<0.001)when compared to males.Blacks,Hispanics,and Asian/Native Americans had a significantly lower association with GAD,depression,bipolar disorder,PTSD,and ADHD when compared to the white race.CONCLUSION The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in liver cirrhosis hospitalizations has increased over the last decade.Females had a higher association with psychiatric disorders compared to males.Blacks,Hispanics,and Asian/Native Americans had lower associations with psychiatric comorbidities compared to the white race.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to evaluate the long-term penile size among patients who underwent extensive metoidioplasty.Methods:An evaluation was conducted on 7 out of 14 patients(mean age:29.71±13.76 years)who p...Background:This study aimed to evaluate the long-term penile size among patients who underwent extensive metoidioplasty.Methods:An evaluation was conducted on 7 out of 14 patients(mean age:29.71±13.76 years)who participated in a 2015 study that introduced a postoperative protocol to improve penile size after extensive metoidioplasty.Five transsexual females(46XX karyotype)and two patients with 5-alpha reductase deficiency were retrospectively followed up in 2023 to assess the long-term efficacy of the protocol at a specialized clinic in a general hospital in Tehran,Iran.All participants were informed about the study and consented to participate.Results:Five patients achieved increased penile size from their 2015 measurements(mean,29.00±13.34 mm).Five patients requested a larger sized penile traction device to continue the protocol.Conclusion:The long-term implementation of this protocol can result in increased penile size.We advise highly motivated patients to continue practicing the protocol to achieve better results.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Gender consciousness directly affects the development of gender identity,which is a continuous and lifelong process.Meanwhile,hospitalization is a part of many children's lives and has an impact on their gender development.AIM To investigate the current situation of gender identity in lower primary school children by conducting a survey of 202 hospitalized children in the lower grades and to provide a theoretical basis and foundation for the cultivation of gender identity and medical treatment of children based on the results.This study aims to inspire clinical medical staff to scientifically and reasonably arrange hospital wards for lower primary school children and pay attention to gender protection during the medical treatment process and to help children shape a unified and clear gender identity,which will enable them to better integrate into society and promote their personality development.METHODS The gender consciousness scale for elementary and middle school students was RESULTS Gender identity was already present in lower primary school children.The children's gender roles and gender equality consciousness were strong,exceeding the critical value,but their gender characteristics,gender identity,and gender ideal consciousness were weak.Children aged 6 had the weakest gender identity,and girls had significantly stronger gender identity than boys.CONCLUSION Gender identity is already present in lower primary school children,providing a basis and inspiration for the cultivation of gender identity and medical treatment of lower primary school children.Clinical medical staff should be aware of and understand these results and should scientifically and reasonably arrange hospital wards for lower primary school children.
基金This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Anding Hospital in Tianjin,No.2021-42.
文摘BACKGROUND The obesity rate of adolescents is gradually increasing,which seriously affects their mental health,and sleep plays an important role in adolescent obesity.AIM To investigate the relationship between sleep rhythm and obesity among adolescents and further explores the interactive effect of sleep rhythm and gender on adolescent obesity,providing a theoretical basis for developing interventions for adolescent obesity.METHODS Research data source Tianjin Mental Health Promotion Program for Students.From April to June 2022,this study selected 14201 students from 13 middle schools in a certain district of Tianjin as the research subject using the convenient cluster sampling method.Among these students,13374 accepted and completed the survey,with an effective rate of 94.2%.The demographic data and basic information of adolescents,such as height and weight,were collected through a general situation questionnaire.The sleep rhythm of adolescents was evaluated using the reduced version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire.RESULTS A total of 13374 participants(6629 females,accounting for 49.56%;the average age is 15.21±1.433 years)were analyzed.Among them,the survey showed that 2942 adolescent were obesity,accounting for 22%and 2104 adolescent were overweight,accounting for 15.7%.Among them,1692 male adolescents are obese,with an obesity rate of 25.1%,higher than 18.9%of female adolescents.There is a statistically significant difference between the three groups(χ2=231.522,P<0.000).The obesity group has the smallest age(14.94±1.442 years),and there is a statistical difference in age among the three groups(F=69.996,P<0.000).Obesity rates are higher among individuals who are not-only-child,have residential experience within six months,have family economic poverty,and have evening-type sleep(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis shows a correlation between sleep rhythm and adolescent obesity.Evening-type sleep rhythm can increase the risk of obesity in male adolescents[1.250(1.067-1.468)],but the effect on female obesity is not remarkable.Further logistic regression analysis in the overall population demonstrates that the interaction between evening-type sleep rhythm and the male gender poses a risk of adolescent obesity[1.122(1.043-1.208)].CONCLUSION Among adolescents,the incidence of obesity in males is higher than in females.Evening-type sleep rhythm plays an important role in male obesity but has no significant effect on female obesity.Progressive analysis suggests an interactive effect of sleep rhythm and gender on adolescent obesity,and the combination of evening-type sleep and the male gender promotes the development of adolescent obesity.In formulating precautions against adolescent obesity,obesity in male adolescents with evening-type sleep should be a critical concern.
文摘Perfume commercial,as a form of cultural text and practice,is relatively special in contemporary commercial advertising:The commodity qualities of perfume dictate that perfume advertisements must cater to the sexual fantasies of the audience,and therefore inevitably characterize the mainstream,dominant gender norms.At the same time,perfume commercial,as a unique marketing communication method,also unconsciously influences people’s values through sensory stimulation and emotional rendering.This article explores the connection between perfume and its commercials,sex,and gender,and discusses the generation of meaning in perfume commercials as texts and deconstructs the gender myth implied from the perspectives of representation and myth analysis,ultimately revealing that behind the gender myth of perfume commercials is but a false manifestation of the ideal self-image of the western white bourgeois heterosexuality.
文摘BACKGROUND Literature focused on cancer screening and management is lacking in the transgender population.AIM To action to increase contributions to the scientific literature that drives the creation of cancer screening and management protocols for transgender and gender nonconforming(TGNC)patients.METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed on January 5th,2022,with the following terms:“TGNC”,OR“transgender”,OR“gender non-conforming”,OR“gender nonbinary”AND“cancer screening”,AND“breast cancer”,AND“cervical cancer”,AND“uterine cancer”,AND“ovarian cancer”,AND“prostate cancer”,AND“testicular cancer”,AND“surveillance”,AND“follow-up”,AND“management”.70 unique publications were used.The findings are discussed under“Screening”and“Management”categories.RESULTS Screening:Current cancer screening recommendations default to cis-gender protocols.However,long-term genderaffirming hormone therapy and loss to follow-up from the gender-specific specialties contribute to a higher risk for cancer development and possible delayed detection.The only known screening guidelines made specifically for this population are from the American College of Radiology for breast cancer.Management:Prior to undergoing Gender Affirmation Surgery(GAS),discussion should address cancer screening and management in the organs remaining in situ.Cancer treatment in this population requires consideration for chemotherapy,radiation,surgery and/or reconstruction.Modification of hormone therapy is decided on a case-by-case basis.The use of prophylactic vs aesthetic techniques in surgery is still debated.CONCLUSION When assessing transgender individuals for GAS,a discussion on the future oncologic risk of the sex-specific organs remaining in situ is essential.Cancer management in this population requires a multidisciplinary approach while the care should be highly individualized with considerations to social,medical,surgical and gender affirming surgery related specifications.Special considerations have to be made during planning for GAS as surgery will alter the anatomy and may render the organ difficult to sample for screening purposes.A discussion with the patient regarding the oncologic risk of remaining organs is imperative prior to GAS.Other special considerations to screening such as the conscious or unconscious will to unassociated with their remaining organs is also a key point to address.We currently lack high quality studies pertinent to the cancer topic in the gender affirmation literature.Further research is required to ensure more comprehensive and individualized care for this population.
文摘This work is carried out based on the analysis of urban planning instruments,taking the gender perspective as a foundation.It arises from the inclusion of women in the participation of urban development,through an analysis of the gender gaps that have marked the history of women,the inequalities serve as a basis for carrying out this study.It highlights the challenges we face today as a society in the process of building citizen participation,where we must all be recognized and have equal opportunities within the territory in which we live.This article analyzes the extent to which the Municipal Urban Development Programs of the Mexican municipality of Comala,Colima,Mexico,consider the recommendations on gender and urbanism,established since the 1990s by international entities and applied transversally to urban planning policies.Considerable differences are found between women and men in terms of empowerment and participation in urban territorial planning instruments,mainly in the oldest instrument(1997).Significant progress is observed in the most recent document and is currently in force in the municipality of Comala(2009).
文摘This article delves into the intricate landscape of gender roles within China,employing a historical lens to dissect the evolution of these roles throughout key periods of Chinese societal transformation.The study centres on three pivotal epochs in contemporary China:the pre-liberation era(prior to 1949),the era of socialist construction(1949-1978),and the phase of economic reform(post-1978).Despite the undeniably persistent underpinning of traditional gender roles throughout history,this analysis offers insight into the essence of feminist movements-an ongoing struggle against the subjugation of women.While notable strides have been made in enhancing the status and rights of women in recent decades,it becomes evident that achieving genuine gender equality necessitates a more nuanced approach beyond the mere expansion of educational and occupational opportunities for women.True transformation mandates heightened awareness of gender inequality across all societal domains,catalysing collective participation in social initiatives by both genders.This article underscores the imperative of multifaceted engagement to drive meaningful and lasting shifts in gender dynamics.
基金supported by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research(ACIAR,ADP/2017/024)。
文摘Rural transformation can improve poverty reduction,living standards,and health outcomes in developing countries.However,impacts associated with rural transformation vary by region,household,and individual trait(including gender).While research on rural transformation has been increasing over the last decade,there has been no comprehensive review conducted on the relationships between gender and rural transformation.Here,we conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the impacts of rural transformation on gender and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.We reviewed 82 studies from 1960-2021 that explore the relationships between rural transformation and gender.We then developed a framework that captures incidences and flow directions between indicators.Results show that most studies examined the impacts of rural transformation on women and between gender indicators.Few investigated the role of women and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.Overall,studies showed that rural transformation typically leads to positive outcomes for women regarding employment,income,and empowerment.However,negative impacts on women’s control over income,stability of new income sources,and access to healthy food are also common.Tailoring future development policies and programs to explicitly account for gender inclusiveness can lead to more successful rural transformation.
文摘BACKGROUND Extramedullary multiple myeloma(MM)(EMM)is a rare and aggressive subentity of MM that can be present at diagnosis or develop anytime during the disease course.There is a paucity of data on the clinical characteristics and overall epidemiology of EMM.Furthermore,there is a scarcity of data on how the interaction of age and gender influences the survival of EMM.AIM To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with EMM over the past 2 decades and to identify epidemiologic characteristics that may impact overall prognosis.METHODS A total of 858 patients diagnosed with EMM,between 2000 and 2017,were ultimately enrolled in our study by retrieving the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database.We analyzed demographics,clinical characteristics,and overall mortality(OM)as well as cancer-specific mortality(CSM)of EMM.Variables with a P value<0.1 in the univariate Cox regression were incorporated into the multivariate Cox model to determine the independent prognostic factors,with a hazard ratio(HR)of greater than 1 representing adverse prognostic factors.RESULTS From a sample of 858 EMM,the male gender(63.25%),age range 60-79 years(51.05%),and non-Hispanic whites(66.78%)were the most represented.Central Nervous System and the vertebral column was the most affected site(33.10%).Crude analysis revealed higher OM in the age group 80+[HR=6.951,95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.299-14.647,P=0],Non-Hispanic Black population(HR=1.339,95%CI:1.02-1.759,P=0.036),Bones not otherwise specified(NOS)(HR=1.74,95%CI:1.043-2.902,P=0.034),and widowed individuals(HR=2.107,95%CI:1.511-2.938,P=0).Skin involvement(HR=0.241,95%CI:0.06-0.974,P=0.046)and a yearly income of$75000+(HR=0.259,95%CI:0.125-0.538,P=0)had the lowest OM in the crude analysis.Crude analysis revealed higher CSM in the age group 80+,Non-Hispanic Black,Bones NOS,and widowed.Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses only revealed higher OM in the age group 80+(HR=9.792,95%CI:4.403-21.774,P=0)and widowed individuals(HR=1.609,95%CI:1.101-2.35,P=0.014).Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses of CSM also revealed higher mortality of the same groups.Eyes,mouth,and ENT involvement had the lowest CSM in the multivariate analysis.There was no interaction between age and gender in the adjusted analysis for OM and CSM.CONCLUSION EMM is a rare entity.To our knowledge,there is a scarcity of data on the clinical characteristics and prognosis factors of patients with extramedullary multiple myeloma.In this retrospective cohort,using a United States-based population,we found that age,marital status,and tumor site were independent prognostic factors.Furthermore,we found that age and gender did not interact to influence the mortality of patients with EMM.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81800245,81970228,82102306,81900779)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670030ZX)+1 种基金the Shaoguan Science and Technology Program(2019sn078)the Start-up Fund for RAPs under the Strategic Hiring Scheme(P0035913)。
文摘The literature is full of claims regarding the consumption of polyphenol or polyamine-rich foods that offer some protection from developing cardiovascular disease(CVD). This is achieved by preventing cardiac hypertrophy and protecting blood vessels through improving the function of endothelium. However, do these interventions work in the aged human hearts? Cardiac aging is accompanied by an increase in left ventricular hypertrophy, along with diastolic and systolic dysfunction. It also confers significant cardiovascular risks for both sexes. The incidence and prevalence of CVD increase sharply at an earlier age in men than women. Furthermore, the patterns of heart failure differ between sexes, as do the lifetime risk factors. Do caloric restriction(CR)-mimetics, rich in polyphenol or polyamine, delay or reverse cardiac aging equally in both men and women? This review will discuss three areas:(1) mechanisms underlying age-related cardiac remodeling;(2) gender-related differences and potential mechanisms underlying diminished cardiac response in older men and women;(3) we select a few polyphenol or polyamine rich compounds as the CRmimetics, such as resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate and spermidine, due to their capability to extend health-span and induce autophagy. We outline their abilities and issues on retarding aging in animal hearts and preventing CVD in humans. We discuss the confounding factors that should be considered for developing therapeutic strategies against cardiac aging in humans.
文摘INTRODUCTION Gender dysphoria(GD),or gender identity disorder,is defined as persistent distress stemming from the incongruence between one's assigned sex at birth and gender identity.'GD has traditionally been introduced as a rare condition predominant in assigned males at birth(AMABs).2 However,recent studies have shown an upward trend in assigned females at birth(AFABs)with a dramatic reversal of the AMAB:AFAB ratio-.5-The actual AMAB:AFAB ratio varies by age group and study population.4-Questions have been raised concerning the increasing number of youth who seek professional care for GD,especially adolescent AFABs.
基金Data collection for the Population Study of Chinese Elderly(PINE,R01AG042318,PI:XinQi Dong)was supported by the National Institute on Aging.The funding agent had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Objective To describe whether or not there are gender differences in lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)prevalence and risk factors in community-dwelling older Chinese Americans.Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cross-sectional population-based survey of Chinese Americans aged 60 years and older between January 2011 and December 2013 in English,Mandarin,Cantonese,Taishanese,or Teochew.A clinical review of systems was used to assess LUTS,which included urinary frequency,urgency,burning and/or pain,blood in urine,and urinary incontinence.Results Of the total 3157 people queried,42%were men and 58%were women.More men reported LUTS compared to women(32.9%vs.28.6%,p=0.01).In a multivariable analysis,female gender(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]0.60,95%confidence interval[CI]0.49-0.73),being married(aOR 0.79,95%CI 0.65-0.97),and smoking(aOR 0.66,95%CI 0.49-0.88)were found to be protective,while traditional Chinese medicine use(aOR 1.51,95%CI 1.28-1.78),heart disease(aOR 1.54,95%CI 1.24-1.91),and anxiety(aOR 1.69,95%CI 1.25-2.28)were most strongly associated with increased odds of LUTS.When examining genders separately,being married was found to be protective only in women.Meanwhile,unique factors found in men were hypertension,heart disease,and practice of Tai Chi.Conclusion In this large population-based study,LUTS were more prevalent in older Chinese American men than women.We also found gender-specific factors that influenced the odds of reporting LUTS;however,traditional Chinese medicine use was the only factor that was shared by both genders.Future longitudinal investigations are needed to elucidate these underlying mechanisms to provide evidence-based and culture-specific guidelines for this rapidly growing population.
基金This work was supported in part(OM)by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine,project No.2020.01/0338.
文摘Purpose:To supplement the quantitative portrait of Ukrainian Economics discipline with the results of gender and author ordering analysis at the level of individual authors,special methods of working with bibliographic data with a predominant share of non-English authors are used.The properties of gender mixing,the likelihood of male and female authors occupying the first position in the authorship list,as well as the arrangements of names are studied.Design/methodology/approach:A data set containing bibliographic records related to Ukrainian journal publications in the field of Economics is constructed using Crossref metadata.Partial semi-automatic disambiguation of authors’names is performed.First names,along with gender-specific ethnic surnames,are used for gender disambiguation required for further comparative gender analysis.Random reshuffling of data is used to determine the impact of gender correlations.To assess the level of alphabetization for our data set,both Latin and Cyrillic versions of names are taken into account.Findings:The lack of well-structured metadata and the poor use of digital identifiers lead to numerous problems with automatization of bibliographic data pre-processing,especially in the case of publications by non-Western authors.The described stages for working with such specific data help to work at the level of authors and analyse,in particular,gender issues.Despite the larger number of female authors,gender equality is more likely to be reported at the individual level for the discipline of Ukrainian Economics.The tendencies towards collaborative or solo-publications and gender mixing patterns are found to be dependent on the journal:the differences for publications indexed in Scopus and/or Web of Science databases are found.It has also been found that Ukrainian Economics research is characterized by rather a non-alphabetical order of authors.Research limitations:Only partial authors’name disambiguation is performed in a semi-automatic way.Gender labels can be derived only for authors declared by full First names or gender-specific Last names.Practical implications:The typical features of Ukrainian Economic discipline can be used to perform a comparison with other countries and disciplines,to develop an informed-based assessment procedure at the national level.The proposed way of processing publication data can be borrowed to enrich metadata about other research disciplines,especially for non-English speaking countries.Originality/value:To our knowledge,this is the first large-scale quantitative study of Ukrainian Economic discipline.The results obtained are valuable not only at the national level,but also contribute to general knowledge about Economic research,gender issues,and authors’names ordering.An example of the use of Crossref data is provided,while this data source is still less used due to a number of drawbacks.Here,for the first time,attention is drawn to the explicit use of the features of the Slavic authors’names.
文摘Voice classification is important in creating more intelligent systems that help with student exams,identifying criminals,and security systems.The main aim of the research is to develop a system able to predicate and classify gender,age,and accent.So,a newsystem calledClassifyingVoice Gender,Age,and Accent(CVGAA)is proposed.Backpropagation and bagging algorithms are designed to improve voice recognition systems that incorporate sensory voice features such as rhythm-based features used to train the device to distinguish between the two gender categories.It has high precision compared to other algorithms used in this problem,as the adaptive backpropagation algorithm had an accuracy of 98%and the Bagging algorithm had an accuracy of 98.10%in the gender identification data.Bagging has the best accuracy among all algorithms,with 55.39%accuracy in the voice common dataset and age classification and accent accuracy in a speech accent of 78.94%.
文摘Little is known about the association between structural gender inequality and health in patriarchal China.This study employed a sample from the Chinese Women’s Social Status,consisting of 26,139 participants aged 18 and 70 years(13,494 women and 12,645 men).Structural gender inequality was assessed at the macro-,meso-,and micro-levels.Mental health was measured by the summed scores of eight questions on depressive symptoms.Multilevel linear regression was applied for analysis.Results showed that total sex ratio at birth was associated with poorer mental health among women and men but sex ratio at birth of the second-born child predicted better mental health.Gender inequality at meso-level resulted in poorer mental health and gender inequality at micro-level was associated with poorer mental health both for men and women.Eliminating structural gender inequality promotes populations’mental health in China.
文摘Given the current expansion of the computer visionfield,several appli-cations that rely on extracting biometric information like facial gender for access control,security or marketing purposes are becoming more common.A typical gender classifier requires many training samples to learn as many distinguishable features as possible.However,collecting facial images from individuals is usually a sensitive task,and it might violate either an individual's privacy or a specific data privacy law.In order to bridge the gap between privacy and the need for many facial images for deep learning training,an artificially generated dataset of facial images is proposed.We acquire a pre-trained Style-Generative Adversar-ial Networks(StyleGAN)generator and use it to create a dataset of facial images.We label the images according to the observed gender using a set of criteria that differentiate the facial features of males and females apart.We use this manually-labelled dataset to train three facial gender classifiers,a custom-designed network,and two pre-trained networks based on the Visual Geometry Group designs(VGG16)and(VGG19).We cross-validate these three classifiers on two separate datasets containing labelled images of actual subjects.For testing,we use the UTKFace and the Kaggle gender dataset.Our experimental results suggest that using a set of artificial images for training produces a comparable performance with accuracies similar to existing state-of-the-art methods,which uses actual images of individuals.The average classification accuracy of each classifier is between 94%and 95%,which is similar to existing proposed methods.
基金The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia for funding this work through the Research Group No.RGP-1439-067.
文摘The gender recognition problem has attracted the attention of the computer vision community due to its importance in many applications(e.g.,sur-veillance and human–computer interaction[HCI]).Images of varying levels of illumination,occlusion,and other factors are captured in uncontrolled environ-ments.Iris and facial recognition technology cannot be used on these images because iris texture is unclear in these instances,and faces may be covered by a scarf,hijab,or mask due to the COVID-19 pandemic.The periocular region is a reliable source of information because it features rich discriminative biometric features.However,most existing gender classification approaches have been designed based on hand-engineered features or validated in controlled environ-ments.Motivated by the superior performance of deep learning,we proposed a new method,PeriGender,inspired by the design principles of the ResNet and DenseNet models,that can classify gender using features from the periocular region.The proposed system utilizes a dense concept in a residual model.Through skip connections,it reuses features on different scales to strengthen dis-criminative features.Evaluations of the proposed system on challenging datasets indicated that it outperformed state-of-the-art methods.It achieved 87.37%,94.90%,94.14%,99.14%,and 95.17%accuracy on the GROUPS,UFPR-Periocular,Ethnic-Ocular,IMP,and UBIPr datasets,respectively,in the open-world(OW)protocol.It further achieved 97.57%and 93.20%accuracy for adult periocular images from the GROUPS dataset in the closed-world(CW)and OW protocols,respectively.The results showed that the middle region between the eyes plays a crucial role in the recognition of masculine features,and feminine features can be identified through the eyebrow,upper eyelids,and corners of the eyes.Furthermore,using a whole region without cropping enhances PeriGender’s learning capability,improving its understanding of both eyes’global structure without discontinuity.
基金Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2022R263)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi ArabiaThe authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code:22UQU4310373DSR55.
文摘Gender analysis of Twitter could reveal significant socio-cultural differ-ences between female and male users.Efforts had been made to analyze and auto-matically infer gender formerly for more commonly spoken languages’content,but,as we now know that limited work is being undertaken for Arabic.Most of the research works are done mainly for English and least amount of effort for non-English language.The study for Arabic demographic inference like gen-der is relatively uncommon for social networking users,especially for Twitter.Therefore,this study aims to design an optimal marginalized stacked denoising autoencoder for gender identification on Arabic Twitter(OMSDAE-GIAT)model.The presented OMSDAE-GIAR technique mainly concentrates on the identifica-tion and classification of gender exist in the Twitter data.To attain this,the OMS-DAE-GIAT model derives initial stages of data pre-processing and word embedding.Next,the MSDAE model is exploited for the identification of gender into two classes namely male and female.In the final stage,the OMSDAE-GIAT technique uses enhanced bat optimization algorithm(EBOA)for parameter tuning process,showing the novelty of our work.The performance validation of the OMSDAE-GIAT model is inspected against an Arabic corpus dataset and the results are measured under distinct metrics.The comparison study reported the enhanced performance of the OMSDAE-GIAT model over other recent approaches.
文摘Background:Social support is related to depression,but the gender differences and related factors that contribute to low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression remain to be elucidated.This study explores the relationship between social support and depression,in addition to the gender difference in the incidence of low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression and its related factors.Methods:A total of 371 Chinese adolescents with subthreshold depression were recruited.All subjects were rated on the Social Support Scale for Adolescents,the Response Style Scale,the Self-Perception Profile for Children,the Individualism-collectivism scale.Results:Binary logistic regression indicated that the stability dimension of cognitive style,the generality dimension of the Cognitive Style Questionnaire,and the social acceptance dimension of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale were significantly correlated with social support level in male adolescents with subthreshold depression.In contrast,the total score of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale,the social acceptance of the Self-Perception Profile for Children scale,total individualism,and total collectivism were significantly correlated with social support level in female adolescents with subthreshold depression.Limitations:This study is a cross-sectional study,and its effectiveness in explaining factors that influence levels of social support is limited.Conclusions:The gender difference between low social support among adolescents with subthreshold depression is related to cognitive style,self-perception,and collectivism–individualism.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease is associated with various neuropsychiatric conditions.There are currently no large studies assessing and comparing the prevalence of psy-chiatric illnesses based on patient profiles and the etiology of cirrhosis.AIM To examine the trends of hospitalizations among psychiatric conditions in cirrhosis.METHODS We used the National Inpatient Sample database 2016-2019 for the primary diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.The outcomes included the prevalence,trends,and associations of psychiatric diagnoses in these hospitalizations.Chi-square for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon rank test for continuous variables were utilized.RESULTS The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)in liver cirrhosis hospitalizations increased from 0.17%in 2009 to 0.92%in 2019(P<0.001).The prevalence of depression increased from 7%in 2009 to 12%in 2019(P<0.001).Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)prevalence increased from 0.06%to 0.24%.The prevalence of schizophrenia increased from 0.59%to 0.87%(P<0.001).Schizoaffective disorder prevalence increased from 0.10%to 0.35%(P<0.001).Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)prevalence displayed increasing trends from 0.36%in 2009 to 0.93%in 2019(P<0.001).The prevalence of suicidal ideation increased from 0.23%to 0.56%in 2019.Cirrhosis related to alcoholic liver disease[adjusted odds ratios(aOR)1.18,95%CI 1.08-1.29,P<0.001]and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)(aOR 1.14,95%CI 1.01-1.28,P=0.025)was associated with depression more than other causes.Alcohol-and NAFLD-associated cirrhosis had a stronger link to psychiatric disorders.Females had a higher association with GAD(aOR 2.56,95%CI 2.14-3.06,P<0.001),depression(aOR 1.78,95%CI 1.71-1.84,P<0.001),bipolar disorder(aOR 1.64,95%CI 1.52-1.77,P<0.001]and chronic fatigue(aOR 2.31,95%CI 1.31-4.07,P<0.001)when compared to males.Blacks,Hispanics,and Asian/Native Americans had a significantly lower association with GAD,depression,bipolar disorder,PTSD,and ADHD when compared to the white race.CONCLUSION The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in liver cirrhosis hospitalizations has increased over the last decade.Females had a higher association with psychiatric disorders compared to males.Blacks,Hispanics,and Asian/Native Americans had lower associations with psychiatric comorbidities compared to the white race.
文摘Background:This study aimed to evaluate the long-term penile size among patients who underwent extensive metoidioplasty.Methods:An evaluation was conducted on 7 out of 14 patients(mean age:29.71±13.76 years)who participated in a 2015 study that introduced a postoperative protocol to improve penile size after extensive metoidioplasty.Five transsexual females(46XX karyotype)and two patients with 5-alpha reductase deficiency were retrospectively followed up in 2023 to assess the long-term efficacy of the protocol at a specialized clinic in a general hospital in Tehran,Iran.All participants were informed about the study and consented to participate.Results:Five patients achieved increased penile size from their 2015 measurements(mean,29.00±13.34 mm).Five patients requested a larger sized penile traction device to continue the protocol.Conclusion:The long-term implementation of this protocol can result in increased penile size.We advise highly motivated patients to continue practicing the protocol to achieve better results.
